Previous workers have suggested that Grenvillian rocks of Coats Land and parts of western Dronning Maud Land (DML) were not part of East Antarctic Craton (EAC) until the late Precambrian – Cambrian. There is reasonable agreement that this portion of Antarctica was originally part of the Mozambique Belt in West Gondwana, marginal to Kalahari craton. However, timing of amalgamation was mainly constrained by Ar-Ar and K/Ar cooling ages. We report new field, petrographic and U-Pb age data from a transect across the central Heimefrontfjella Range in western Dronning Maud Land that document widespread late Cambrian metamorphism and deformation that we also relate to amalgamation with EAC.

The oldest rocks in the transect are pre-1.10 Ga granitic and supracrustal gneisses that underwent early Grenville deformation and migmatisation (D1/M1) prior to the intrusion of ca. 1.09-1.08 Ga granitoids. These rocks underwent granulite metamorphism and further deformation at ca. 1.08-1.02 Ga (D2/M2), prior to the intrusion of a mafic dyke swarm of inferred post-Grenville age. Pan-African orogenesis caused amphibolite metamorphism and deformation (D3/M3) at ca. 515-500 Ma, as determined by monazite (U-Pb) in metapelites, and titanite (U-Pb) and amphibole (K-Ar) in mafic gneisses and dykes. Both titanite and amphibole define strong D3 fabric elements. D3 deformation is focused in a kilometer-scale, vertical, ductile mylonite zone, the Heimefront shear zone (HSZ), where all rock types are transposed. As documented by other workers, the HSZ has a complex history, where D3 overprints earlier D2 fabrics. Whereas sinistral motion has been reported, D3 fabric elements (20° NNE-plunging lineation, asymmetric porphyroclasts, shear bands, and S/C fabrics) throughout the HSZ indicate southeast-side-up, oblique dextral shear.

Pan-African orogenesis caused widespread (but incomplete) retrogression of D2/M2 Grenvillian granulite assemblages, formation of locally penetrative mineral fabrics and ductile mylonitization. These new data are consistent with existing tectonic models, but we see no obvious need for previously defined terranes or crustal boundaries. Rather, we envision inhomogeneous Pan-African reworking of a complex, but potentially coherent, Grenvillian basement.