Florida relies heavily on groundwater from the Floridan aquifer system (FAS), although the intermediate and surficial aquifer systems are utilized in limited areas. It is estimated that more than two quadrillion gallons of fresh water are in the FAS – equivalent to more than one-third the total fresh water in the Great Lakes. Approximately four trillion gallons of water recharge the FAS each year which is approximately 0.2% of the total fresh water in the FAS. Three trillion gallons are naturally discharged annually, mostly via Florida’s more than 600 springs (0.15%). One trillion gallons per year are withdrawn by pumping (0.05%). However, available fresh groundwater is not evenly distributed throughout the state. In order to provide adequate supplies of fresh water, alternative supplies from mineralized waters and subsurface storage of excess surface water are being used.

Geologists are now being challenged to better define the state’s aquifer systems in order to supply fresh water, to facilitate subsurface storage and recovery of fresh water (ASR), disposal of wastewater and the use of mineralized waters. Geologists must be involved in developing changes to Florida’s laws pertaining to water. Many questions must be answered in order to protect the environment and aquifer systems while providing the necessary water supply for Florida’s burgeoning population. Geologists have an important opportunity to provide input into the policies being developed for responsible use and protection of Florida’s water resources.