EFFECTIVE WAYS OF PRESENTING MODEL RESULTS TO NON-HYDROGEOLOGISTS

One of the most challenging parts of the ground-water modeling process comes after the model is constructed and calibrated: presenting it in a clear, understandable way to people who will use the model results to make decisions. Generally, the people for whom we construct models don't understand groundwater modeling and may not even understand the concepts of groundwater flow.

Through trial and error over the years, we have found that several tactics can help hydrogeologists communicate modeling results effectively. Perhaps the most important point is to state the problem clearly and explain what the model will do (e.g. “this model will give us two things - water levels and flow rates"). We have also learned to focus on the results of the modeling rather than the process. It's tempting to try to explain the modeling process because that is what we do, but most people want the results and don't care about or understand the process.

Clear, effective graphics that are understandable to the layperson are essential. The graphics must be simple and not include hydrogeologic jargon (governing equations, boundary conditions, etc.); we have found that trying to present too much information in figures leads to confusion and tangential discussions. Two types of figures that virtually anyone can understand are a simplified cross section of the conceptual model and a map or cross-sectional view of a time series of water levels or drawdowns. Finally, while the concepts of model limitations and potential error are very important, we find that all too often a public description of these uncertainties is interpreted as “waffling” and undercuts the main conclusions.

Most important, findings should be presented as conclusions to the specific problem being addressed rather than results of a model. A statement like “…this proposed new well will have only minimal impact on the nearby wetlands” is far easier to understand than “…the model predicts that flow to the wetlands will decrease by 2%”.