HOLOCENE EVIDENCE FOR MILLENNIAL-SCALE CLIMATE VARIABILITY FROM RECORDS OF SURFACE WATER CHANGES, NE ATLANTIC OCEAN
The IRD record reveals nine discrete, abrupt small-amplitude increases in IRD after the Younger Dryas, separated by longer intervals of little or no IRD input. The age of each of these events is well constrained by AMS carbon-14 dates and reveals that the events became more frequent over the last 4 kyr. Seven of the IRD events correlate well with negative SST anomalies at subtropical ODP Site 658 (de Menocal, et al., 2000). Analysis of variations in the abundances of the five most abundant planktic foraminiferal species and N. pachyderma, s. reveals significant Holocene variability, much of which does not seem to be simply related to changes in SST and/or to IRD events.
SSTs were estimated for each sample using the mean SST associated with the 5 best modern analogs. During the early Holocene, SSTs were relatively stable, warming briefly by 1-2° C following each of the IRD events with perhaps a slight cooling just before and/or during the events. The character of the record changed in the late Holocene, when more frequent IRD oscillations were accompanied by parallel oscillations in SST. Comparison of the SST record with faunal variations of individual species and with the planktic isotope records suggests significant decoupling among these records, indicating that complex hydrographic variations may have occurred in surface waters above Site 980 throughout the Holocene.