GSA Annual Meeting, November 5-8, 2001

Paper No. 0
Presentation Time: 9:30 AM

RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION VIA U/TH/PA ON PRISTINE CORALS


FAIRBANKS, Richard G., Earth & Environmental Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia Univ, 210 Isotope Laboratory, Rt. 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, MORTLOCK, Richard M., Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, GUILDERSON, Thomas, Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, RUBENSTONE, James, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia Univ, Palisades, NY 10964, CHIU, Tzu-chien, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University and HUBBARD, Dennis K., Dept. of Geology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074, fairbanks@ldeo.columbia.edu

Cosmic ray production of 14C in the upper atmosphere varies as a function of solar magnetic activity and changes in the shielding effects of the EarthÂ’s geomagnetic field. The amount of 14C that remains in the atmosphere depends upon its decay rate and its exchange with the much larger carbon reservoirs of the ocean and biosphere. Measurements of 14C/12C in tree rings for the period 0 to 11,900 years before present provide a detailed calibration of radiocarbon years to calendar years. For the time interval 12,000 to 45,000 yrs. before present, 14C/12C analyses of varved sediments and paired 14C/12C and 230Th/234U age determinations of fossil corals have extended the tree-ring radiocarbon calibration to calendar years, albeit sparingly. Existing data illustrate large and sometimes sudden changes in atmospheric 14C/12C over the past 45,000 years compared to the 1950 reference value. Not all records are in agreement, however. Wire-line drill cores recovered from Holocene and late Pleistocene submerged coral reefs in the Caribbean and central Pacific contain pristine aragonite corals suitable for high precision radiocarbon and 238U/234U/230Th age dating as well as 235U/231Pa age dating. The entire useful range of radiocarbon dating (0 to 45,000 yrs before present) is represented by samples recovered in these cores. Development of 238U/234U/230Th and 235U/231Pa age dating techniques using a multi-collector magnetic sector ICP mass spectrometer simplifies the laboratory procedures for high precision age dating of corals, enabling detailed calibration of the radiocarbon time scale over the past 45,000 yrs. Originally developed for studies of the carbon cycle and solar magnetic and geomagnetic phenomena, the data provide an excellent radiocarbon calibration data set. Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (AMS) 14C/12C determinations have been made on the calibration samples at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The radiocarbon calibration program is available for interactive conversion of radiocarbon ages to calendar ages and is maintained at http://radiocarbon.ldeo.columbia.edu/ and updated twice per year.