NATURAL ANALOGS: INDEPENDENT REASONING FOR BUILDING CONFIDENCE IN DEEP GEOLOGIC DISPOSAL OF NUCLEAR WASTE
Although analogs are used in a quantitative or qualitative sense to support every process and sub-process model (e.g., waste package degradation, waste form dissolution, seepage into drifts, colloidal transport of radionuclides), emphasized here are examples of analogs to flow and transport under ambient and thermally-driven conditions in the unsaturated zone. For instance, around the ~8 Ma uranium ore deposit at Peña Blanca, Mexico, uranium transport in unsaturated, welded ash flow tuff has been almost entirely along mesofractures (~0.5 cm aperture) with almost no matrix diffusion. The majority of our uranium-series data indicate a system closed to uranium migration for the past 300 k.y. Second, analyses of selected Yellowstone core horizons within conductive and convective regimes demonstrate episodic and lithology-controlled permeability changes. Third, at Paiute Ridge, Nevada, where a basaltic sill intruded rhyolitic ash flow tuff, alteration-accompanied permeability changes diminish rapidly with distance from the sill-tuff contact. The implications of observations and modeling results from these and additional studies are discussed.