GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MAP OF THE NETHERLANDS: INNOVATIVE MAPPING METHOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS

The Geomorphological Map of the Netherlands has recently been completed using an innovative method combining detailed elevation data and soil maps in a GIS. With respect to ’classic’ field-mapping, the new method results in a much faster map production and significantly improved map accuracy and precision. This innovative method and the environmental applications of the Geomorphological Map of the Netherlands outline the central focus in this contribution.

Laser-altimetry measurements for the Netherlands have recently (1996-2001) become available with a grid resolution of 5 x 5 metres. Combining this elevation data with soil maps in a GIS enables production of maps in a semi-automated way. However, expert-judgement including weighing and incorporating information from additional (partly digital) data sources remains an essential step in the process. Additional data sources comprise geological and topographic maps, air photos and information from selective field visits. The standard scale of the Geomorphological Map of the Netherlands is 1 to 50,000. About 75% of the Netherlands has been mapped in the field using this resolution . The 25% that was recently completed using the new method for unicity also was mapped at this scale where a 1 to 10,000 scale however is easily feasible. The latter scale enables new environmental applications.

Except for existing applications such as assessing earth heritage values for landscape conservation and spatial planning (including nature restoration) that can be improved substantially using the new maps, also new applications emerge. Within the field of archeological surveying the new geomorphological map also enables a much more accurate and detailed picture of recent anthropogenic disturbances within the natural patterns. Since the Netherlands are the most densely populated country in Europe, such disturbances are wide-spread. The disturbances together with soil data can be used to establish areas where archeological records have disappeared or on the contrary have remained intact. This results in a better focused and cost-reduced field-campaign for establishing potential archeological sites of interest.