Evaluation of Groundwater Quality at U.S. and Coalition Forces Bases in Afghanistan

Groundwater is the primary source of non-drinking water at numerous military bases utilized by both U.S. and Coalition Forces in Afghanistan. Most of these bases are located in mountainous terrain with limited access to surface water sources. Typically, the wells penetrate unconsolidated alluvium and provide adequate quantities of water.

During a deployment to Afghanistan from April 2005 to April 2006 the author conducted a study to evaluate the groundwater wells in use at several bases. Site surveys were the primary means of investigation supplemented by well sampling data dating back to 2002. Results of water sampling were utilized to determine any potential health risks from exposure to untreated well water. Naturally occurring minerals were the most likely cause of wells exceeding military water quality standards, but a lack of well head protection and/or poor well placement were the most common deficiencies observed in base camp wells.