2009 Portland GSA Annual Meeting (18-21 October 2009)

Paper No. 6
Presentation Time: 9:00 AM-6:00 PM

ORIGIN OF INITIAL RIFTING IN THE RED SEA: WAS IT VERTICAL TECTONICS?


ABDELSALAM, Mohamed G., Geological Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 1400 N. Bishop Avenue, 129 McNutt Hall, Rolla, MO 65409 and GAO, Stephen S., Geological Sciences and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 129 McNutt Hall, Rolla, MO 65409, abdelsam@mst.edu

The evolution of the Red Sea has been explained as due to the separation of Arabia from Africa first (~22-10 Ma) in a NE-direction (rift orthogonal extension) due to rift push and second (~10-0 Ma) in a N-direction (rift-oblique extension) due to slab pull. This followed the extrusion of ~30 Ma Afar mantle plume volcanism. However, the Red Sea is characterized by a number of features that cannot easily be explained as associated with a rift basin that started with just the horizontal translation of Arabia from Africa: (1) The Red Sea is topographically asymmetrical. The Arabian side shows well-developed topographic escarpments that exceed ~1250 m whereas the escarpments in the African side are subdued and do not exceed 750 m. (2) Arabia shows a long wavelength eastward tilting away from the Red Sea. (3) The Red Sea is also magmatically asymmetrical. All ~30, ~22, and ~10 Ma magmatism occurred along the western margin of Arabia. (4) Correlation of Precambrian structures exposed on both sides of the Red Sea suggests that the basin can be closed near coast-to-coast indicating the lack of lithospheric attenuation before rupturing. (5) Fission-track studies suggest that the Red Sea opened at once along its entire length without lateral rift propagation following ~24 Ma uplift. (6) Geophysical data showed that the Moho rises sharply from ~40 km depth under the topographic escarpments of the Red Sea to ~10 km under its shorelines.Processing of seismic tomography data shows that the 0-100 km layer under the Red Sea and the western part of Arabia is characterized by a N-trending, ~600 km wide band with significantly slow shear wave velocity. This band is also observed under the Afar Depression and the Main Ethiopian Rift where it has a NE trend. The band disappears south of the Main Ethiopian Rift. We interpret the slow shear wave velocity band as a mantle flow rising from south of the Main Ethiopian Rift, flows in a NE-direction under the Main Ethiopian Rift and the Afar Depression, then flows in a N-direction under the Arabian side of the Red Sea. Further, we propose that this mantle flow might have started rising ~30 Ma under the Arabian side of the Red Sea, providing enough vertical lifting to initially open the basin at its entire length without lithospheric attenuation, tilt Arabia eastward, and provide ~30, ~22, and 10 Ma magmatic pulses on the Arabian side.