CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF MAGMATIC STEAM ALUNITE VEINS FROM DIVERSE PORPHYRY-EPITHERMAL SYSTEMS–IMPLICATIONS FOR MAGMATIC VOLATILE CONTENTS AND DEGASSING PROCESSES
Most of the veins are comprised of coarse banded alunite, which provides a detailed record of successive steam discharges. Several veins have individual bands with Na concentrations that ramp up from base to rim, however, sawtooth patterns are also common. Trace metals analyzed by LA-ICPMS vary considerably between districts. Banded veins from the productive high sulfidation (HS) Au/Ag deposit at Tambo have relatively high correlated concentrations of As, Bi, Pb, and REE’s. Similar veins from rich HS Au/Ag deposits at El Indio and Goldfield also contain relatively high Pb, but low As and Bi. A vein overlying the Questa Mo-porphyry deposit contains relatively high Pb, low Bi, and trace Sn and Sb. In contrast, samples from two “barren” acid-sulfate systems (Lake City, CO and NG, UT) are generally devoid of trace metals. F content as determined by EMPA exhibits sawtooth patterns that show no obvious correspondence to homogeneous growth bands. Veins from Tolfa, El Indio, and Alunite Ridge have low F abundance (0.15-0.3%), those at Tambo,
The vein alunites record magmatic processes in single brief episodes and reflect variations in the steam component as the magma is tapped. Variations in Na and other elements in banded veins record individual degassing events. Halogens and metals in magmatic steam alunite may vary with magma composition and tectonic setting; possibly providing an indication of what lies below.