THE ROLE OF STRUCTURAL MODELS, BALANCED CROSS SECTIONS, AND KINEMATIC RECONSTRUCTIONS IN IMPROVING 3-D INTERPRETATIONS

Three-dimensional interpretation of complex structures requires integration of all geologic and geophysical data, and the development of interpretations in which all horizons and faults are mutually compatible. Commonly applied tools used in these interpretations are maps of multiple horizons and structural cross sections, which can be integrated into a three-dimensional model. Three interrelated tools that can be used to improve and validate 3-D structural interpretations are: (1) the application of the appropriate structural models for the structures in question; (2) the construction of serial balanced sections along the structure; and (3) the use of kinematic reconstructions depicting the structural evolution. Determination of the appropriate structural models requires consideration of the tectonic regime, the mechanical stratigraphy, and variations in geometry along trend. The formation of most structures involves transitions among multiple processes, which are evident in comparisons of multiple sections. The construction of serial area balanced sections ensures the viability of the interpreted structural style, choice of the detachment levels, and the consistency of the total shortening along trend. Finally, kinematic reconstruction is an essential tool in validating interpretations in areas affected by multiple episodes of deformation. It validates both the final interpretation and the interpreted structural evolution, and also ensures that the interpreted episodes are compatible with those along trend. Structural sections that have been tested with the above methodologies can be integrated into three-dimensional models to improve the quality of structural interpretations in fold-thrust belts.