OBLIGATORY TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO MAXIMIZE THE USING OF ENERGY RESOURCES IN DEVELOPMENT COUNTRY. STUDY CASE: GEOTHERMAL IN INDONESIA

Today the world faces a serious problem about energy. Energy that usually created from fossil like oil is decreased day by day. It also gives impact to the environment because of the emission. Many countries agree that they will make green energy system that will be used in each country. It is also happened in Indonesia. From now, the world needs a renewable energy that also clean and friendly for the environment.

Indonesia has abundant natural resources. One of renewable energy that Indonesia has is geothermal energy. Indonesia has 40% resource if we compare it with the other country resource around the world. It is equal to 27500 Mwe for electricity power. Geothermal also become friendly to the environment because the emission is small.

Now, Indonesia’s Government has vision “25/25” for geothermal energy. It means that the energy mix for Indonesia for the year 2025 is 25%. In fact, the geothermal still use for 3% for today. Then, the use of geothermal energy system is still not independently builds from Indonesia. Indonesia still joins the other company from abroad to produce geothermal energy. There is potential problem that will be happened because the bad system of geothermal management. We should learn from oil management. Indonesian has gotten from this natural resources is very limited.

Now, the production of geothermal is on the move. We see that the companies from abroad are still take part to produce geothermal energy system with Indonesia’s company, PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy. We can classify the threats which are coming from the existence condition in two categories: (1) the problems that rise from the imperfectness policy; (2) The problems that rise from system technically used: engineering, processing, and producing the geothermal energy today and for the future. . To prevent and deal with the problems, there are three classifications of solutions that should be done: (1) The application of transfer technology with four types that will be clearly inform in the fourth chapter of this paper; (2) Improvement the education quality and capability to use technology that support Indonesia’s student; (3) The support and believe from the government with this country capability.