Paper No. 3
Presentation Time: 9:00 AM-6:00 PM
BATHYAL ASSEMBLAGES OF LIVE, BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA NEAR THE DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL, NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO
CRUZ, Valerie J.1, BRUNNER, Charlotte A.1, YEAGER, Kevin M.2, BRIGGS, Kevin B.3 and LOUCHOUARN, Patrick4, (1)Department of Marine Science, University of Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, (2)Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, (3)Marine Geosciences Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, (4)Department of Marine Science, Texas A&M University at Galveston, 5007 Avenue U, Galveston, TX 77551, valerie.cruz@eagles.usm.edu
The study’s main objective is to compare live benthic foraminiferal assemblages at contaminated and uncontaminated bathyal sites around the source of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. This work is part of a larger project to determine the spill effects on benthic ecology. Samples were taken from un-oiled (GIP 12, 21, and 25), moderately oiled (GIP 16 and 17), and heavily oiled (GIP 15) sites, in which polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ranged from 73 to 7,553 ng/g. The topmost 0-1 cm interval from six multicores, and two multicores sliced at 1-cm intervals to 10 cm from the least and most oiled sites, were stained with rose Bengal, washed through a sieve with 45 μm openings, and split with a settling-type splitter. Wet aliquots were fully picked until at least 300 stained (live) specimens were tallied, and specimens were identified at successive depth intervals until 95% of the living assemblage was accumulated (= depth of habitation). To date, over 100 species of foraminifera have been identified with 12 to 50% of specimens yet to be identified to species, though generic assignments have been made.
The surface densities of all sites range from 390 to 2,221 tests/10cm3 and weakly correlate with increasing [PAH]. The surface density for the heavily oiled site is 3 to 5 times greater than that of the un-oiled sites and 3 and 6 times greater than that of the moderately oiled sites. The relative species frequencies are equitably distributed, and all surface samples share >3% Bulimina aculeata, Epistominella levicula, and Rutherfordoides mexicanus.
The distributions of live specimens in the un-oiled and heavily oiled sites are distinctly different and mirrored by the macrofauna. The depth of habitation is 2 times greater at the un-oiled site, but the standing stock is 1.5 times greater at the heavily oiled site. The H’ diversity index is greater throughout the depth of habitation of the un-oiled site compared to the heavily oiled site. Tentatively, the trends in density, standing stock, and diversity appear consistent with the point source pollution model (Alve, 1995) as though from patches of oil on the seafloor (although the heavily oiled site is not yet ruled out as natural seep). The depth of habitation also is useful for recognition of pollution effects.
