HISTORY OF HYDROGEOLOGY OF THE US, 1879-2012

The US Geological Survey has been a leader in the hydrogeology for over 100 years. EPA has been active in applied groundwater research since it was established in 1971.

The poster describes the development of the science of hydrogeology in the United Stated from 1879 to 1980. The foundation of the science was laid in 1879 when the U.S. Geological Survey was established. The Survey from the beginning placed emphasis on both theoretical and practical problems related to the occurrence, movement, and development of groundwater. The Survey attracted dedicated scientists who directed their efforts into hydrogeology, geology, geochemistry, surface water hydrology, Studies before the 1960’s were mainly descriptive and qualitative. However, this work provided a basis for the quantitative modern approaches in current use.

The groundwater science was strengthened by the establishment in the 1930’s of cooperative programs between state agencies and the USGS. These programs resulted in the distribution of USGS scientists nationwide. This program was also strengthened by increased cooperation with universities. The paper describes the contributions of key hydrogeologists. The work of Powell, Chamberlin, Meinzer, Theis, Lamoreaux, Johnson, and Bredehoeft among others are included.