CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PEAT WITH BALNEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL IN ESTONIA

Physical and chemical properties of peat used for balneological purposes have been studied at the Geological Survey of Estonia and in the Department of Mining, Tallinn University of Technology since 2007. A new project, Biochemical composition of peat, and its use in balneology, has been set up in Department of Mining. Results of the investigation revealed that abundance of humic substances (HS) in studied peat layers in Estonia is relatively high. All three acids (humic, hymatomelanic, and fulvic) could be found. Highest concentration of humic substances (up to 60%) was found in well-humified lignum-cottongrass peat. The peat that is used in balneological practice in Estonia is relatively clean from heavy metals, and their content is lower than in Estonian peat in average. There is a positive correlation between the concentration of HS in well-humified peat and the age of peat layers. Peat and various peat products have been successfully used in balneological practice in clinical medicine in Estonia. Patients with Heberden-Bouchard disease (Osteoarthrosis) in fingers experienced improvement in their condition when treated with balneological peat. According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health scale it could be observed: pain reduction in 95% of the cases; improved mobility of finger joints with 74% of the patients; improved mobility of the middle finger with 35% of the patients (tested with moving the finger towards the palm); ability of picking objects improved in 42% of the cases. Estonian balneological peat has given successful results when used in spa treatments, cosmetic and hair salons, and at home. However, it is recommendable that the effect of balneological peat is tested and proven with further scientific research.