PROVENANCE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL BASALT FROM HAWAI`I USING TECHNOLOGICAL, NON-DESTRUCTIVE EDXRF, AND ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS

Using non-destructive EDXRF for our first tier analyses, we have identified a number of geochemical sources for stone tools in the Hawaiian Islands. Our extensive geochemical database of archaeological basalt and volcanic glass point to regionally divergent patterns in production and distribution of lithic material from these sources between islands. Hawaiian lavas evolve in a predictable manner through time as individual volcanoes move away from the hotspot. There are geochemical differences between mantle sources for individual volcanoes in Hawai`i, resulting in chemical and isotopic characteristics that vary between volcanoes. These differences provide the necessary framework to distinguish source volcanoes from isotopic and chemical composition. Non-destructive EDXRF has not discriminated different Hawaiian shield-building lavas well, and some geochemical sources have not been physically associated with quarry sites. In order to confirm the provenance of material from several of our geochemical groups found throughout the Hawaiian archipelago, we report here on Pb and Sr isotopic analysis of select samples. From this two-tiered approach, we infer sources that could rival the well-known Mauna Kea Adze Qurry Complex in their extent and inter-island distribution. For example, we document lithic material from Kaua`i Island in archaeological sites on Hawai`i Island, but to date have not identified any lithic material from the large Mauna Kea quarry in Kaua`i archaeological sites.