A NEW METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF UNDERGROUND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN THE URBAN CONTEXT: CASE STUDIES FROM ROME, ITALY

The survey of subterranean archaeological structures and their relationship to the territory present significant challenges in an urban environment. In the city of Rome, a great variety of archaeological subterranean structures remain poorly known because of limited accessibility (many ancient structures were filled to create foundations for overlying buildings), logistics issues (private grounds) and complex relationship with the modern city structures and infrastructures.

We have developed a methodology of investigation that aims at the understanding of the underground archaeological structures as integral parts of the geology of the city. To start, we produce 3D laser scanner models that include the archaeological underground and surface key structures. We have developed criteria to optimize timing and quality of data acquisition, processing and rendering, to generate in a short time a seamless high-resolution representation of the structures under investigation using ReconstructMe software. Unlike scanning an object from the outside, scanning an underground structure (with highly irregular features) requires attention to the positioning of the laser scanner within the available space and in relationship with consecutive spaces, to reproduce the continuous structure and anchor it to key surface elements.

Because the process from data acquisition to model interpretation is done in-house, time and costs are significantly reduced. This is very important, especially when hazard assessment is needed within a short time. The model is the canvas on which the researcher can superimpose archaeology, geology, engineering data as needed. We present the most recent case studies of sites within the municipality of Rome: the identification of mass wasting hazard, the relationship between regional stress and deformation of archaeological structures and the effect of Roman underground hydraulic infrastructures on the natural with groundwater system.