SOME SYNCLINE STRUCTURES ARE LARGE, ELONGATED, AND RAISED IN CUNDINAMARCA, COLOMBIA: FAR FROM RHETORIC, CLOSER TO REALITY

Compressive stresses directed from W to E by simple Earth’s spinning, increase effect on the old continent during Tertiary and force us to ask about how was the formation of huge elongated domes which happened as they folded into more competent rock, forming a broad, extensive, and high synclines, such as Jerusalen – Guaduas – Dindal, Fusagasuga and some more on Eastern Andes mountain range, in Cundinamarca State, Colombia.

This study is based on field trips, aerial-photography, geological analysis, and literature reviews. Likewise, analysis of medium strata, hard rocks are inter-bedded with other less compact strata from marine environment.

Some compact package of well cemented hard rocks, have suffered rupture, allowing their faulty uprising of huge blocks, below in-situ, but also disaggregated alone over hills, especially those next to fault zones. Competent rocks forming elongated ridges, are common at the eastern mountain range of Colombian Andes in Cundinamarca State.

Syncline Jerusalen-Guaduas-Dindal, spans over 3 miles from their flanks on the sidewall W with competent rocks of Hoyon Formation, which is a conglomeratic well cemented Tertiary. Competent and well cemented sandstones, are in fault, allowing their outcrop. E flank of upper Cretaceous rocks, have failed, placing in contact Guadalupe level, with Group.

The syncline of Fusagasuga, extends over 4 miles, between their flanks and their W flank, which is the competent, present hard sandstone rock, belonging to Cretaceous Guadalupe Formation Group blade, which extends for several kilometers toward NE and with a dip of 70° SE around Tibacuy town. La Frontera Formation is an overlain system, affected by nearby vertical faults, giving way to a raising above 2,000 meters. The east side is also affected by fault systems in Fusagasuga, although with much milder dips.