Paper No. 139-5
Presentation Time: 2:35 PM
INSIGHTS INTO IMPACT PROCESSES AND EXTINCTION MECHANISMS FROM IODP-ICDP CHICXULUB CRATER DRILLING (Invited Presentation)
GULICK, Sean P.S.1, MORGAN, Joanna V.2, BRALOWER, Timothy J.3, CHENOT, Elise4, CHRISTESON, Gail L.5, CLAEYS, Philippe6, COCKELL, Charles7, COOLEN, Marco J.L.8, FERRIÈRE, Ludovic9, GEBHARDT, Catalina10, GOTO, Kazuhisa11, GREEN, Sophie12, JONES, Heather L.3, KRING, David A.13, LOFI, Johanna14, LOWERY, Christopher5, OCAMPO-TORRES, Ruben15, PEREZ-CRUZ, Ligia16, PICKERSGILL, Annemarie17, POELCHAU, Michael H.18, RAE, Auriol S.P.2, RASMUSSEN, Cornelia5, REBOLLEDO-VIERYA, Mario19, RILLER, Ulrich20, SATO, Honami21, SCHMITT, Doug22, SMIT, Jan23, TIKOO, Sonia24, URRUTIA-FUCUGAUCHI, Jaime16, WITTMANN, Axel25, XIAO, Long26, YAMAGUCHI, Kosei E.27, VELLEKOOP, Johan28, NEAL, C.R.29, GRICE, Kliti30, ORMÖ, Jens31, MELOSH, Jay32, COLLINS, Gareth S.2, RODRIGUEZ-TOVAR, Francisco J.33, OSINSKI, Gordon R.34, STOCKLI, Daniel F.35, SCHMIEDER, Martin36, SNEDDEN, John5, FREEMAN, Katherine H.37, HALL, Brendon38, SMITH, Vann39, GRIEVE, Richard A.F.2, KOEBERL, Christian40, GODERIS, Steven6, NIXON, Chris41, VAJDA, Vivi42, WARNY, Sophie43, SCHULTE, Felix20, ARTEMIEVA, Natalia44, SLUIJS, Appy45, MCCALL, Naoma46, SCHAEFER, Bettina30, DIAW, Abdoulaye14, LYONS, Shelby47, O'MALLEY, Katherine E.48, GATTACCECA, Jerome49, QUESNEL, Yoann49, ROSS, Catherine1 and FEIGNON, Jean-Guillaume40, (1)University of Texas, Jackson School of Geosciences, Institute for Geophysics and Department of Geological Sciences, J.J. Pickle Research Campus, Bldg. 196, 10100 Burnet Rd., Austin, TX 78758, (2)Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BP, United Kingdom, (3)Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, (4)Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Bourgogne-Franche Comté, France, (5)Jackson School of Geosciences, Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin, 10601 Exploration Way, Austin, TX 78758, (6)Analytical, Environnemental-, and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, BE-1050, Belgium, (7)School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom, (8)Dept. Chemistry, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Australia, (9)Natural History Museum, Burgring 7, Vienna, A-1010, Austria, (10)Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre of Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany, (11)Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, (12)British Geological Survey, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, (13)NASA Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute, Center for Lunar Science and Exploration, Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area BLVD, Houston, TX 77058, (14)University of Montpellier, Montpellier, 34090, France, (15)L'Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Schiltigheim, France, (16)Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México, Mexico City, Mexico, (17)University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, (18)Geological Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, Alberstraße 23b, Freiburg, 79104, Germany, (19)Independent, Merida, Mexico, (20)Institut für Geologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, 20146, Germany, (21)Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan, (22)Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, (23)Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Netherlands, (24)Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, (25)LeRoy Eyring Center For Solid State Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, (26)Space Science Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 88972065, China, (27)Department of Chemistry, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan, (28)Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Leuven, Naamsestraat 22, 3000, Leuven, 3000, Belgium, (29)Civil Envineering, Environmental Engineering, and Earth Science, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, (30)Department of Chemistry, Curtin University of Technology, Kent St, Bentley, 6845, Australia, (31)Centro de Astrobiologia, Torrejon de Ardoz, 28850, Spain, (32)Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, (33)Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, Av. Fuente Nueva, Granada, 18002, Spain, (34)Department of Earth Sciences/ Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada, (35)Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, (36)Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058, (37)Geoscience Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, (38)Enthought, Inc, Austin, TX 78701, (39)Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, (40)Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, also of the Natural History Museum, Burgring 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria, (41)Department of Physics, Rock Physics Lab, University of Alberta, Edmonton, UT T6G 2E1, (42)Swedish Museum of Natural History, Dept of Palaeobotany, Box 50001, Stockholm, S-104 05, Sweden, (43)Department of Geology and Geophysics, and Museum of Natural Science Baton Rouge, USA, Louisiana State University, E235 Howe-Russell Geoscience Complex, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, (44)Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719, (45)Marine Palynology & Palaeoceanography, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, Utrecht, 3584 CS, Netherlands, (46)Jackson School of Geosciences, Institute for Geophysics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78758, (47)Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, (48)Department of Geosciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, (49)CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
In 2016, 835 m of core was recovered from the Chicxulub impact structure through IODP-ICDP Expedition 364. Analyses done on these cores, downhole logs, and geophysical site survey data have led to a series of advancements to our understanding of impact cratering processes and to how the Chicxulub impact affected the Earth’s environment leading to the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction. Here, we highlight the current findings and suggest the next phase of investigations set up by Expedition 364. Key results in terms of impact crater processes include: 1) dynamic collapse model for large impact crater formation essentially validated; 2) unprecedented insights into deformation mechanisms imparted by shock and release as well as cratering at variable length and time scales, collectively corroborating the acoustic fluidization hypothesis; 3) direct measurements and analyses of shocked target rocks to provide an explanation for the large reductions in density and enhancements in porosity generated by impacts; and 4) sampling and mapping of >100 m of high porosity suevite and impact melt rock as a case study of cratering processes. These cores also provided greater understanding of how impact cratering can affect life positively and negatively: 1) long term but heterogeneous hydrothermal system generated by the impact, 2) colonization of impactites by thermophiles, 3) rapid recovery of marine life within the flooded Chicxulub crater basin, 4) direct evidence of impact tsunami and wildfires, and 5) evidence of significant sulfate aerosol production from the impact site affecting the global environment, possibly causing the delay in terrestrial vegetation recovery. Future research on Exp. 364 data will focus on kinematics of deformation, modeling the hydrothermal system, impact thermochronology, examining the 3D complexity of impactite deposition, modeling the impact tsunami with updated paleogeography, identification of impactor signatures, geochemical insights into oceanographic effects of ejecta, and using the Chicxulub basin to study Paleocene and Eocene environment and ecology among other topics. Lastly, we’ve identified additional drilling targets to further address the above questions based on the remarkably rich dataset provided by this single offshore drill site.
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