Chris Koteas: Okay okay yeah.
dgibson: i'll let Chris talk man I just just a couple of things saying people might be coming in, and I will try to keep it, you know as as close to time, as we can and.
dgibson: give you a good good enough time to do your talk and a bit of time for questions but, but you know at the next time start, we need to get the next person, going so to be pretty straightforward just share our screens and then get on with it.
dgibson: it's a wonderful delight to see you all have you all here to honor our dear friend and colleague sheila and looking forward to, to a great session and over to Chris.
Chris Koteas: Well it's a it's a treat to see you all and and I do appreciate your time to be in the session with us to celebrate the pretty tremendous career of sheila scene.
Chris Koteas: Who was my PhD advisor and found some incredible way to also be a great friend and a colleague, which I think is an incredibly difficult thing in a lot of ways to find that balance and sheila managed to do so.
Chris Koteas: And, and I, I think that Dave and I.
Chris Koteas: decided to do the session because we really miss our our good friend and colleague tremendously.
Chris Koteas: And I just wanted to highlight some of the aspects that always kind of just blew me away of about the career that sheila had.
Chris Koteas: And the diversity and the reason that Dave and I thought that it was very appropriate for us to think about a session that integrates volcanism and magnetism and so many of the other aspects of her tremendous career that contributed to this so.
Chris Koteas: sheila.
Chris Koteas: had an extraordinary set of contributions in the Southwestern us both during her masters, as well as her PhD and I can think back to a couple of different papers that she wrote about Barbara keys.
Chris Koteas: which actually told us a lot about different volcanic processes.
Chris Koteas: But.
Chris Koteas: As her career evolved and.
Chris Koteas: She spent time in New York and then ended up at umass.
Chris Koteas: She worked on projects that.
Chris Koteas: Really integrated not only.
Chris Koteas: FDR and electron electron probe work.
Chris Koteas: with lots of different types of field relations and those included things like capital lynam essence work.
Chris Koteas: And there was a paper that was recently published about this and her work that I know that Dave.
Chris Koteas: and I are certainly aware of.
Chris Koteas: On trunk lake and some of the systems that are associated with the margins of that in maine.
Chris Koteas: Really actually helped us understand these different types of magnetic processes.
Chris Koteas: That help us build crystal column.
Chris Koteas: She did a tremendous amount of really interesting FDR work.
Chris Koteas: melt inclusion studies that were published in American mineralogist and she worked on Brian it's variables that was published in the journal of vulcanology.
Chris Koteas: we've got these really cool processes that she's that she worked on.
Chris Koteas: On lower crystal magnetism.
Chris Koteas: That was published in the into quantum physics.
Chris Koteas: we've got realistic micro structures that were published an admin.
Chris Koteas: She.
Chris Koteas: produced articles on the deck and traps.
Chris Koteas: In from the book that was published in the bullets in the vulcanology.
Chris Koteas: And I think that it is this tremendous intersection between how we understand volcanic processes and how we understand magnetic processes that.
Chris Koteas: sheila was able to to really transcended the boundaries that we often have about this crystal column, and I have to be honest.
Chris Koteas: I learned so much.
Chris Koteas: As one of her PhD students, because she was able to work with all of us across this incredible distribution of how these dynamic process work.
Chris Koteas: And not only was she able to teach us about these things, but she gave us the freedom to think about these processes and.
Chris Koteas: So sort of be independent, but also was able to give us the support that.
Chris Koteas: Is is pretty I think pretty unique.
Chris Koteas: that she understood the processes and she contributed those to her to her students and it was undergraduate students, it was her master students, it was her PhD students.
Chris Koteas: And, most of us became colleagues as well and I I can't say enough about her approach her approach to having us not only understand the scientific processes that I think are actually pretty complex.
Chris Koteas: But having us integrate the field relations.
Chris Koteas: With understanding the right techniques to use and she also had a wonderful sense of humor about this and i'm Mike if you don't Mike Williams, if you don't mind, Sir, I just want to tell one quick anecdote but i'm afraid it involves you a bit.
Chris Koteas: We were writing a.
Chris Koteas: grant proposal and we'd been over this more than once.
Chris Koteas: And sheila picked it up and took a look through things and give us some really good comments, but one of them was the fact that both Mike and I had.
Chris Koteas: spelled fertile wrong.
Chris Koteas: And we both spelled F er ti le as opposed to, if you are to La and.
Chris Koteas: We.
Chris Koteas: laughed about.
Chris Koteas: Because we had this great.
Chris Koteas: colic and friend who could give us a hard time.
Chris Koteas: about the simplest things, and the fact that you know.
Chris Koteas: I don't know how to spell.
Chris Koteas: And we miss her.
Chris Koteas: But her career.
Chris Koteas: Was impactful.
Chris Koteas: And I love the fact that we have this group of people around with us right now to have a conversation about her career, because it was tremendous.
Chris Koteas: And so I would like to spend a couple of minutes with.
Chris Koteas: Some time.
Chris Koteas: For us to just chat about sheila.
Chris Koteas: and her impact.
Chris Koteas: And then we can get into our session because there are some great science, that is going to be presented today and i'm really excited about it.
Chris Koteas: But we want to just remember our our good friend or colleague.
Chris Koteas: Our greatest scientist sheila seen in the midst of this.
Chris Koteas: So i'll open it up.
dgibson: I think you.
dgibson: said what we were all thinking Chris well said very well said.
dgibson: Not only was sheila.
dgibson: a wonderful absolutely first rate scientist, a model her papers are examples of high science should be written, but she added quirky little sense of humor could poke fun at herself.
dgibson: And i'll tell you a quick story about that she was up here in farmington to Tyson sex before scouting i'd are any ITC field trip, and that was she came up on the fifth of June 2006 and we did a little bit of, of course, the next day, had the initials the sex of the sex of the sex.
dgibson: The triple sixes and I was talking to her by farming consistent, you know it's a quirky little time and we've got a few crazies like you know.
dgibson: Most Western many times have I still wonder Stephen King right to kind of stuff he does he's got plenty of stuff to go on and Western men alone, and I said well you'll see some signs up and our local nutters had.
dgibson: come up with the idea to farmington is going to be the new Jerusalem on the sector, the sixth of the sixth, and so I met sheila.
dgibson: On the morning, and we had we got a craft a quick practicing coffee and he said, you know after I I was talking to yesterday, I went to the bookstore and I bought a book from my dad it's his birthday and the price was $6 and 66 cents.
dgibson: And then I went to pick up some supplies for today some lunch and so on, so I went to the store.
dgibson: Lo behold the bill was $6 and 66 cents.
dgibson: And then she said, I want to get some separate this soup for you, plus.
dgibson: And I ordered my super my sandwich looked at the bill, and it was $6 and 67 cents and I can tell you there if not have been 666 I was out of here.
dgibson: i'm going home.
dgibson: To a great sense of humor and i'm proud to say she was my friend.
dgibson: i'll tell you another one later, but what keep up for later.
dgibson: hi Barbara get on Chris.
Chris Koteas: effect that was pretty good.
dgibson: For you go to introduce.
Chris Koteas: yep I can.
dgibson: All know a lot.
dgibson: off you go.
All right.
Okay.
Chris Koteas: So.
Chris Koteas: sissy ming is our first presenter for the session.
Chris Koteas: This is a talk about rapid re mobilization of intermediate arcs magma insights from technical analysis mineralogy and geochemistry of lava samples from mumbo jumbo volcano in Nicaragua.
Chris Koteas: And so I think sissy.
Chris Koteas: If I share yours, if I get you to share your screen.
Chris Koteas: let's make this work, no.
Chris Koteas: sissy there you are okay take it away.
Chris Koteas: See, we can see your screen.
Mike Dorais: sista you're muted.
Chris Koteas: To see afraid you're muted, can you.
Cissy Ming: Okay i'm sorry about that.
Cissy Ming: Okay.
Cissy Ming: glad we got the soft to off to a good start, but.
Cissy Ming: To introduce myself, my name is this evening and i'm a senior dear sciences major at penn State University.
Cissy Ming: The research that i'll be presenting today was the basis or a senior thesis in the junior sciences department, under the supervision of Dr marine fireman and Dr Peter will feminine.
Cissy Ming: So I researched the lead up to an option at moma tambo volcano, which is a potentially dangerous specific and say its shadow volcano.
Cissy Ming: And it's located in a densely populated region of Nicaragua, however, it has not been extensively studied from a Bach and a logical perspective.
Cissy Ming: Though according to some analyses the volcano poses about as much risk to the people, this region as mount rainier or read out in the United States.
Cissy Ming: magma storage conditions and the timeline of prayer after events or not well constrained, which poses an OPS obvious obstacle to assessing volcanic hazards.
Cissy Ming: And with tambo most recently produced a lava flow and explosions in 2015 to early 2016 and it also erupted in a similar style back in 1905 to 1906.
Cissy Ming: The oldest volcanic materials at the site date to over 200,000 years old, the the current edifice of lava flows and Tetra or today strata volcano began construction around 4500 years ago.
Cissy Ming: Due to regional highs and mental melting and seduction angle along the Central American volcanic arcs mama tambo and its neighboring volcanoes are of special geochemical interest.
Cissy Ming: We analyzed bulk rock geochemistry.
Cissy Ming: From lava collected by collaborators at the city University of New York Peter with femina and historical samples in the suntanned database from records.
Cissy Ming: Where the samples have associated dates they correspond with eruptions from the last several centuries of the greatest number of samples concentrated in the 1905 and 2015 or options.
Cissy Ming: major element bar graph data was collected by ICP a yes, while trace element data was collected by quadruple ICP Ms.
Cissy Ming: rock type and fraction nation trends were determined based on major element composition trace element concentration served as proxies for contamination sources during the magnets or storage.
Cissy Ming: image a software from the NIH was used for textual analysis of pain and cross polar thin section images from the lava is how's that can stay a calculated normalized crystal entity and crystal size distribution curves from him and mass of.
Cissy Ming: And bicycles.
Cissy Ming: And on the side, you can see, an example of what one of those masks look like for the project waste crystals in within Section jr one.
Cissy Ming: Project places in then section.
Cissy Ming: Sorry project places and thin section and Pyrrhic seen phoenix Chris picked from ashes erupted in 2015 were analyzed by a pma and imaged in SEM at the penn state materials characterization lab.
Cissy Ming: The major element composition of pyrex scenes and average book rock composition were inputted into the.
Cissy Ming: Buttercup Pyrrhic seen thermo barometer, we then combined crystal entity with major element composition estimated wait percent water.
Cissy Ming: And a range of calculated temperatures to approximate Magnum viscosity for the using the 2008 Giordano model for melt viscosity and the Einstein roscoe equation.
Cissy Ming: During the last several centuries we observed pretty remarkable consistency in major and trace element compositions.
Cissy Ming: One thing we noticed is that the santana samples show a lot more variability in both major and trace elements which is most likely due to the databases inclusion of.
Cissy Ming: Older evolved samples that are positively erupted from the nearby Montego on Caldera and according to the boss 1986 igneous classification system, the vast majority of the samples we look at fallen to the Pacific and a site range.
Cissy Ming: And most of this limited variation is due to the small range of silica wait percent.
Cissy Ming: Of the positive linear relationship between the calcium aluminum oxide ratio and magnesium oxide wait percent is consistent with fraction ation driven by Kleiner piercing crystallization.
Cissy Ming: kind of periods seem crystallization depletes calcium from the mouth without depleting aluminum at similar rates and from the presence of Kleiner Pyrrhic seen in transactions, we know a minimal crystallized in moment tumblr is magnets however it's small aerial abundance is consistent.
Cissy Ming: With the idea that these kind of Pyrrhic scenes are mostly settling out deeper in the plumbing system but, by contrast, logically, this is holly abundant in the transactions off to.
Cissy Ming: 35 to 45% aerial abundance and this is borne out by the fact that plastic waste doesn't make a lot of impact in these tracks nation trends which is visible from the lack of simultaneous depletion and calcium and aluminum which would expect if that's the case.
Cissy Ming: Like other continental Arc volcanoes mama tempo shows trace element enrichment from the subducting slab as superheated fluids transfer floored mobile elements into the mantle wedge.
Cissy Ming: Notable peaks occur in barium lead and strontium which are again these fluid mobile elements.
Cissy Ming: Being lead from the slab and transferred into these ascending magnets.
Cissy Ming: trace element homogeneity provides evidence for little to no changes and slaps abduction and mantle melting conditions over the past few centuries.
Cissy Ming: and has has been found at other Central American volcanoes Mon, with tambo magnets show enrichment and trace element ratios associated with the Congress plates carbonate and heavy pelagic sediment packages.
Cissy Ming: electron microscope cross sections of being a Chris a project place infants action include a so toy zoning and significant variations in zoning.
Cissy Ming: Even between phoenix Chris that are from the same transaction so is a very localized differences and in some profiles, the percentage of anarchy site, which is the high temperature and member of Spikes, which is contrary to the expectations.
Cissy Ming: or a gradually cooling reservoir zoning diversity points to heterogeneous texture temperature conditions on meter skills within the reservoir and this observation is consistent with localized wormhole recharge when considered alongside the presence of reverse owning.
Cissy Ming: Which as seeing here.
Cissy Ming: Is this kind of outlier peak in the percent and our site.
Cissy Ming: relative to total album plus and our fight.
Cissy Ming: By contrast, large peanut Chris all display corps of over 80 to 90% interface and that's an indication of similar crystallization conditions before these crystals are transported.
Cissy Ming: To the shallow environment or before the storage environment changes to produce all of this interesting facilitate rezoning.
Cissy Ming: We think that we charge events likely occurred multiple times in the reservoir storage history, without triggering corruption.
Cissy Ming: But the presence of heterogeneous room zoning suggests that before these phoenix were ultimately erupted there was not a lot of time for them to a calibrate with this new storage environment and.
Cissy Ming: To homogenize the magnets.
Cissy Ming: Project place sizes, so a by modal distribution, which is typical of Arc volcanoes and.
Cissy Ming: based on estimates.
Cissy Ming: of growth for each of these populations, we think that the magma is we mobilized within a period of years to decades, which has a lot of uncertainty associated with it, that i'll go for later.
Cissy Ming: textual analysis of transactions shows a population of large been a Chris and there's a population of small faena Chris, as you can see, with these two.
Cissy Ming: dotted black lines.
Cissy Ming: and based on estimated growth time for the largest observed Plaid your place which was about four and a half centimeters long.
Cissy Ming: tambo Magnus spent at most a few centuries at storage temperatures of 700 to 930 degrees Celsius, which is the temperature range at which these crystals would be growing.
Cissy Ming: But also not being dissolved by extremely high temperature melts.
Cissy Ming: Though we lacked absolute ages promo Tom was Magnus the quote unquote hot storage period likely represents less than 10% of total storage time.
Cissy Ming: If we use storage times of other arcane knows as a reference do too broad uncertainties in particular square three reconsider.
Cissy Ming: Coastal science distribution more of a qualitative measure of recharge rates but, nevertheless, this provides good evidence of a rapid transition between storage and eruption.
Cissy Ming: So the crystal entities of our thin sections range from 35% to 50% approximately while the high and low viscosity estimates.
Cissy Ming: exceed those of Dr assaults and sometimes by several orders of magnitude, you probably noticed that there's a high range in viscosity estimates which unfortunately comes from our uncertainty in water content.
Cissy Ming: And the range of temperatures that are yielded by the Pyrrhic seen thermo barometer.
Cissy Ming: at high viscosity ease, as has been estimated.
Cissy Ming: or some of these sections Maghreb reservoir imagination homogenization by convection is pretty mechanically difficult which.
Cissy Ming: calls into question what other mechanisms can explain her observations.
Cissy Ming: So, following all the data collection and analysis we looked into the literature, to see how we could interpret our results through the framework of established models.
Cissy Ming: That link magma stores to eruption our observation, support the recent paradigm shift in views of magma storage where there's been a lot of recent paper that a diverse range of volcanoes that demonstrate this rapid we mobilization process.
Cissy Ming: moment tambo appears to lack long standing or optical magma chambers and instead it displays low temperature storage of largely crystal in magnitude reservoirs until at least a few centuries before option.
Cissy Ming: Results from our study of moment tembo are consistent with a trans crystal much system beneath the volcano.
Cissy Ming: feeling eruptions through rapid aggregation of melt rich magnets in the shower cast compaction pushes compositionally.
Cissy Ming: verse mount rich magnifying lenses large throughout a matrix of crystals and melt and the lead up to corruption and trans crystal my system leaves behind textual evidence which are present in our transactions.
Cissy Ming: We observed that there are saved textures in our project places as well as gloomier Chris which are both trademarks of this trans crystal most system, however.
Cissy Ming: One area where our observations are inconsistent, is that all of these large cloud spanner Chris have uniform cores and variable rooms, which is the opposite.
Cissy Ming: Of what would be found in a trance cross so much system where the crystals have all kinds of course because they're coming from throughout this custom column, but their rooms are expected to be pretty similar.
Cissy Ming: And that's something that unfortunately hasn't been resolved yet.
Cissy Ming: Alternatively, we think that moment tambo Magnus credit up shortly after the mixing of me thick and fell sick and Members.
Cissy Ming: which was proposed by Kent and Cooper in 2010 for mount hood the intrusion of Hotmail magna's into a long lived up or crystal fell sick reservoir generates irreplaceable in immediate magazines like salting and decides.
Cissy Ming: So this could explain why it moon with tambo we only see basalt aganda sides and a few things outside of that range.
Cissy Ming: Those could be an indicator of recharge filtering where intermediate composition magnets are more likely to erupt.
Cissy Ming: Due to your favorite will balance of buoyancy and viscosity that's.
Cissy Ming: not present for the may fit and fell sick and Members are we also see the kinks crystal size distribution, where we think the large pod your places could be from the felts again Member mixing with the small crystals from the mythic and member.
Cissy Ming: And again.
Cissy Ming: Just to reiterate based on limited profiles of trace element data, we believe that this is evidence for the volcano tapping one magnet source over many centuries of activity.
Cissy Ming: I would like to thank everybody who provided the data, the funding and help to make this thesis possible there's a lot of people who I unfortunately can't put on here.
Cissy Ming: But thanks to them and they solve you for listening.
dgibson: Thank you.
Cissy Ming: Does anyone have questions.
Chris Koteas: let's open up for questions for just a moment and then we're gonna have to switch since we're.
Chris Koteas: Already behind.
Chris Koteas: Anybody have questions for sissy.
Joop Varekamp: I could, I could put one in here, so your subtle a cemetery zoning and reverse trend and pleasure closes Have you considered that could also be related to the gassing of water.
Joop Varekamp: So some people have argued that also military zoning is a direct effect of losing water from your mouth.
Cissy Ming: that's interesting I do know mama tambo has high temperature funerals.
Cissy Ming: So I didn't.
Cissy Ming: Look, a ton into that possibility i'll think about it.
Joop Varekamp: All right.
Joop Varekamp: I think the most famous paper on this that somebody wanted to relate your cemetery zoning to the learner times.
Joop Varekamp: And that actually was the rhythm of a lunar tides stretching the openings in the cracks above the volcano and allowing the gassing nanda guessing, and this was Anderson at university of Chicago.
Joop Varekamp: A while ago.
Chris Koteas: Great okay.
Chris Koteas: let's.
Chris Koteas: Be in are you ready to.
Chris Koteas: take over.
LeeAnn Srogi: I think so.
yeah.
Chris Koteas: yeah great to have you here.
LeeAnn Srogi: Thank you, thank you so much to Chris and all the organizers so.
Chris Koteas: The answer is going to give us a talk on the dynamic history of a 201.5 million your upper crust over Celtic magma system in the western New York basin and so vain.
Chris Koteas: Thanks leann.
LeeAnn Srogi: Okay.
LeeAnn Srogi: Can you see my screen.
Chris Koteas: yeah we have you.
All right.
LeeAnn Srogi: All right, well Hello everyone and happy pi day and thanks to the organizers for this session, it is a pleasure and a privilege to be in this session honoring sheila semen.
LeeAnn Srogi: sheila's science is brilliant and creative and always the meticulous attention to detail.
LeeAnn Srogi: But illuminating the larger and essential questions I didn't get to know sheila all that well, but she had an outsized influence on my life and career, which I think is not uncommon.
LeeAnn Srogi: I did get to spend some time with her on Bob we bs 1993 field trip to coast domain and the bus that we wrote in the company name was, believe it or not, crystal transport.
LeeAnn Srogi: And yes, i'm going to talk about crystal transport today, and my talk won't be in sheila's league at all, but I hope it will honor her kind and supportive and funny nature, so thank you.
LeeAnn Srogi: So sissies talk was a great introduction to this i'm going to shift to up the Celtic and rift related system, but again emphasize that our ideas about volcanoes and magma chambers have.
LeeAnn Srogi: been modified a lot over the last 20 years or so, and instead of thinking of volcanoes with underlying large chambers of liquid.
LeeAnn Srogi: We are replacing those images with something much more abstract, this is an image of.
LeeAnn Srogi: crystal structure based on seismic velocities from micro earthquakes beneath ouster volcano in Iceland and the red areas are regions where there is melt present, but they are not liquid.
LeeAnn Srogi: Now we know that when the basalt erupt they are mag most commonly carrying crystal cargo.
LeeAnn Srogi: But the sub volcanic magma reservoirs maybe mostly crystals for most of their lifetimes and that this leads to the ideas about magma storage.
LeeAnn Srogi: And the importance of crystal mush now a logical place to study crystal mush is by looking at Platonic rocks which are solidified crystal mush and so that's what i'm going to talk about today.
LeeAnn Srogi: I work in the Central Atlantic magnetic province or camp, which was a global scale magnetic event about 250 million years ago associated with continental birthing and the breakup of pangea.
LeeAnn Srogi: The black box on the map is Eastern North America shown on the map on the left side, and this is to just orient you i'm going to be working in the Newark basin.
LeeAnn Srogi: This is a geologic map of the New York basin, which extends from southeastern Pennsylvania through New Jersey and into New York state.
LeeAnn Srogi: i'm going to talk about the first basalt episode which includes the famous palisade cyl intrusion and it's eruptive equivalent the orange mountain basalt the this very large event.
LeeAnn Srogi: Like lasted about hundred thousand years.
LeeAnn Srogi: and
LeeAnn Srogi: I am not going to be working in the eastern basin, but in the far western part of the north basin, but the rocks are the exact equivalence the basalt is the same as the orange mountain basalt and the underlying gabrielle or diabetes intrusive rocks are equivalent to the palisades sale.
LeeAnn Srogi: Now all of these intrusions and lava flows at the top of the roof basin.
LeeAnn Srogi: we're tilted because the border faults remained active as referring continued for 10s of millions of years after the magnets were completely solid.
LeeAnn Srogi: Following erosion and uplift what we have today is a cross section through the magnetic plumbing system in the rift basins.
LeeAnn Srogi: From lava flows and shallow intrusions close to the border fault on the Northwest side of the basin to successively deeper intrusions as we go towards the southeast to the southeast margin of the basic and i'm going to take advantage of that.
LeeAnn Srogi: i've been recently collaborating with Martha with jack a structural geologist and seismologist at rutgers university and she's been working up a series of.
LeeAnn Srogi: very rigorous structural cross sections, you can see the transact lines on the map on the Left across the Western New York basin to reconstruct the geometry of the underlying intrusions beneath the erupted orange mountain basalt in this area.
LeeAnn Srogi: And the geometries very complex what she can also do is to rotate these cross sections back to correct for the later tilting of the basin restore the eroded overburden.
LeeAnn Srogi: And you can see in this cross section that the cell at the base of the magma network lies about six to seven kilometers below the erupted basalt at the time the magnetic system was active 250 million years ago.
LeeAnn Srogi: And so, she can also, we can also estimate the depths of intrusion of different parts of this system from the lava flow at the surface, to the deeper levels down in the southeast and that's what the numbers are on this map and.
LeeAnn Srogi: I when I look at this rather than us a single cross Section I, like to make a projection so imagine, looking at the morgantown intrusive network towards the Northwest.
LeeAnn Srogi: And you can see different intrusions at different crystal levels across this network and we're going to focus today on just.
LeeAnn Srogi: The lowest part this cyl shaped part of the network it that was intruded at about five and a half to six kilometers below the surface.
LeeAnn Srogi: And so here's our projection again with the location here's our map with the location, and this is a Google earth image of a dimension stone quarry at this location, the walls are conveniently cut.
LeeAnn Srogi: Parallel to the strike of the cell almost east, west and perpendicular to the strike of the cell almost north, south.
LeeAnn Srogi: And this is a view looking towards the south, if you were standing at the top of the quarry and you can see that the walls are cut for dimension stone, such as monuments and countertops and.
LeeAnn Srogi: Some of the stone is actually in the Vietnam veterans memorial in Washington DC and.
LeeAnn Srogi: i'm now going to take you into the quarry and we're going to look at one of these walls on the South wall of the quarry in detail, and this is what the rock looks like this is what we interpret as the solidified crystal mush.
LeeAnn Srogi: What I want you to notice first, is that the rock is Gray, but there are lighter Gray layers there light Gray, because they're rich in pelagic clays up to 72% by area of pelagic place.
LeeAnn Srogi: And the most prominent of these layers have underneath them a darker Gray layer that is rich and pixie these layers are only a few millimeters thick.
LeeAnn Srogi: And the packets of these layers are typically less than a meter thick they're about a third of a meter on average.
LeeAnn Srogi: We can outline these layers which layers on one of these corey walls and you can see that they outline low base shapes and these are three dimensional low base shapes and the pleasure clays and paroxetine rich layers lie at the tops of the low rate structures.
LeeAnn Srogi: This is what these low bait structures look like when we cut through the rock at a shallow angle to the layering and you can see the cusp bait or low bait structures.
LeeAnn Srogi: These are very similar to structures that are produced in magma analog experiments simulating the injection of melt into.
LeeAnn Srogi: So, like shaped by lateral flow and what happens is even if the injection is continuous they melt as it spreads out laterally develops pulsed flow that organizes the flow into these low base shapes.
LeeAnn Srogi: And that's what we think is happening in the quarry now we're going to look at the micro structures, this is a thin section, if you held it up to the light.
LeeAnn Srogi: You can see one of these prominent pleasure clays rich layers here, and the two images on the Right or back scattered electron images.
LeeAnn Srogi: The pleasure clays is a darker shade of Gray, the Pyrrhic scenes are sort of the medium to brighter shades of grey.
LeeAnn Srogi: And on the right i've outlined a large orthopedic seen phoenix lists, so you can see, the association of the pleasure clays rich and piercing rich layer that would have formed at the top of one of these low rate structures.
LeeAnn Srogi: And the next slide is going to show a photo micro graph mosaic of the pleasure clays rich layer, and this is it in plant in w polarized light.
LeeAnn Srogi: And the pleasure clays rich layer is outlined with yellow lines, you can see, the underlying large orthopedic seen grains.
LeeAnn Srogi: And the small rectangular grains with a Gray and black stripes are the pleasure clays grains.
LeeAnn Srogi: NICO Watson co author measured over 1600 of the grains in this pleasure clays which layer the long axes, in the short axes and the long axes show a shape preferred orientation that average is to horizontal across the entire layer, however.
LeeAnn Srogi: Where the layer itself is inclined and not horizontal.
LeeAnn Srogi: The pleasure clays long axes are inclined, at the same angle, and you can see some of those here and that indicates that these alignments of these crystals were not forming by a compaction process, which would rotate things toward the horizontal but instead by flow.
LeeAnn Srogi: there's abundant evidence of flow in these rocks, such as the piling up invocation or tiling of pleasure clays as they stack up during the sheer flow of the magma.
LeeAnn Srogi: And we see this, both in vertical views and in a separate than section cut roughly parallel to the layer so we're looking at three dimensional evidence for flow.
LeeAnn Srogi: We also see wrapping of the pleasure clays around the larger orthopedic scenes with pressure shadows on other side, and these are very similar to.
LeeAnn Srogi: Experiments of magma mo analog materials that contain two sizes of particles, such as that a chameleon all 2011 which has shown up here on the left.
LeeAnn Srogi: So we see these structures again in both vertical and plan view sections and the take home message is that we are seeing.
LeeAnn Srogi: lateral flow in three dimensions that is spreading generally towards the north and the West, so now that we have a picture of these macro structures and micro structures, indicating flow.
LeeAnn Srogi: I selected for areas of the pleasure clays rich layer to look at in more detail and did eds X Ray maps and the colors that i'm showing you are calcium concentration.
LeeAnn Srogi: And the pleasure clays crystals are in these brilliant colors from light to dark or pinks reds and oranges yellows and greens and.
LeeAnn Srogi: These are related to both calcium concentration, or we can convert that to enter fight content and which is a calcium ratio and.
LeeAnn Srogi: You can see that the Center parts of these crystals are higher in an earthquake content and there is some repeated awesome satori zoning and then they're surrounded by success of.
LeeAnn Srogi: zones of lower am so these would be higher temperature cores and then lower temperatures forming lower and pleasure place i'm going to zoom in on this particular grain here.
LeeAnn Srogi: and reconstruct the history, through these composition maps and i'm going to start by simply isolating all of the pixels that are the highest.
LeeAnn Srogi: enter site content and turning all the other pixel colors black and that's what the screen looks like when you do that.
LeeAnn Srogi: And what you can see is that the outer part of this core is patchy indicating some resource option, this may signal a recharge or mixing event, with a magma different composition or higher temperature and.
LeeAnn Srogi: I then click this out to isolate it, and you can see that this grain has been broken and the breaking happened after the resumption, because the brakes go right across these resort outer course.
LeeAnn Srogi: And I can restore these pieces to an original position based on the zoning and then I can build up a picture of how this crystal grew initially a you he'd real core with an outer core.
LeeAnn Srogi: There was magma surrounding this crystal it was growing in a liquid rich environment forming good crystal faces, but then there was some kind of event that.
LeeAnn Srogi: Had a partial resort option of this crystal but still a liquid rich environment and then the crystal was broken.
LeeAnn Srogi: But when the crystal broke, it was not completely separated the pieces didn't we're not moved apart very far we associate this breaking with the stages of lateral flow alignment and layer formation and that had to happen after the reception of it.
LeeAnn Srogi: But wait there's more because there are other zones, so the next zone was a mantle which filled in and grow around the core and it's still growing.
LeeAnn Srogi: Around the core pretty continuously so there's still a fair amount of liquid in the system.
LeeAnn Srogi: And then, all of the pieces are cemented together by this pledge in place composition and the machine is becoming sealed.
LeeAnn Srogi: At this point, and after that further growth can only happen, where the pleasure clays is projecting into these little pockets of melt indicated by the black pixels so we're looking at the transition here from a liquid rich magnet environment to a mush environment.
LeeAnn Srogi: And this is the section that we've just been looking at area for but all of the areas that I analyzed show the same pattern.
LeeAnn Srogi: And they capture the transition from magnetic conditions to mush conditions, and we can associate that transition with the lateral flow so we're linking the micro structures to the macro structures in the quarry.
LeeAnn Srogi: We can also associate that with a specific range of pleasure class composition, which I can then tie into the evolution of the magma during its crystallization.
LeeAnn Srogi: And I do that piece in a couple of ways, one is by taking the bulk rock compositions provided by my collaborator megan pollock.
LeeAnn Srogi: And running melts thermodynamic models to predict how as temperature falls from high temperatures all liquid to lower temperatures.
LeeAnn Srogi: The compositions of the crystals the pair of scenes and the pelagic clays change as a function of temperature.
LeeAnn Srogi: The lines that are drawn here are the results of the melts models for the predicted changes in mineral composition, I also calculated Pyrrhic seen temperatures using the protocol and even protector.
LeeAnn Srogi: thermo barometers and the point of this slide is to show you that the object compositions and the blue triangles.
LeeAnn Srogi: and associated pleasure clays compositions in the white squares correspond well with the mouse models so I can use the melts models, as my estimates of liquid composition, as the magnetic system evolves.
LeeAnn Srogi: I can also use this diagram to relate to the magnet history as a whole, so the high temperature part of the history is the magnetic stage.
LeeAnn Srogi: Magnus carrying crystal cargo and I want to emphasize that I find the same phoenix Chris the same Pyrrhic seen and cleansing applies phoenix lists at all levels of the system, including the salt lava the quarry diabetes and the chilled margins of the database at higher levels of intrusion.
LeeAnn Srogi: Then the quarry database preserves this magma too much transition.
LeeAnn Srogi: The layer formation during lateral flow and the mush see mentation and rim growth.
LeeAnn Srogi: I also can use my images and manipulate them calibrated with composition, to provide.
LeeAnn Srogi: An idea of the crystal entity for different stages of crystallization for specific compositions of minerals.
LeeAnn Srogi: So that the colorful image here on the screen is an image made for the crystals that were present at the end of the core growth.
LeeAnn Srogi: And then I can put those into this Casa de models for the pure liquid using the Giordano model that says he mentioned, and then also using a more recent this Casa de model with crystals by mo we try and determine where we can model, a by modal crystal suspension.
LeeAnn Srogi: And this is the resulting plot for the viscosity here is the liquid magma here at starting at high temperatures and the basalt.
LeeAnn Srogi: With it's crystal cargo would have had still fairly low viscosity but the quarry database with higher crystal entity had higher viscosity and the pleasure clays rich layer
LeeAnn Srogi: And the quarry had even higher viscosity and so we've spanned for orders of magnitude of this Casa de here as the system develops.
LeeAnn Srogi: And at this point, we cannot model, the mush viscosity further because there are no equations for salaries that are this crystal rich, however.
LeeAnn Srogi: We can go back to the quarry because the rocks themselves preserve evidence for how the mush behaved after the layers formed and before everything was completely solidified.
LeeAnn Srogi: So what you're looking at here is a younger mythic magma input this dark layer, you can see in the upper left it cuts across.
LeeAnn Srogi: The pelagic lays layering so it's somewhat younger and it deforms the layers in the underlying mush with drag folds indicating at least one component of motion in this case from east to west.
LeeAnn Srogi: And there are even younger vertical channels of mythic magma this Magnus not evolved it's still the Celtic.
LeeAnn Srogi: And they cross cut the layers, and so what you're seeing is evidence for the transition from lateral flow to vertical flow channelized flow in the cell.
LeeAnn Srogi: And these may fit younger channels our pipeline and to blake and cross section they deformed the rigid mush.
LeeAnn Srogi: And we also find places where the migrating melts intercept mush with different realities forming Robin like structures in more rigid mush and more disrupted structures in less rigid mush and this records the transition from mush to rock.
LeeAnn Srogi: So this query is extraordinary, and it really records the transition from the magnetic state to mush and then to rock.
LeeAnn Srogi: evaluates evaluating how that mush evolves and its relationship to eruption is beyond the scope of this particular talk, but that's.
LeeAnn Srogi: One thing i'm looking at and what I want to leave you with is just the idea that lateral flow is really important, in the behavior of this system and so it's an important component of any models, we make.
LeeAnn Srogi: As we try to model these mush horizons and their their behavior it's important to have some ground truth and that's what i've tried to share with you today I have many collaborators, to thank, including many generations of metrology classes and I thank you for your attention.
dgibson: Actually, a.
Chris Koteas: ubm terrific.
LeeAnn Srogi: Thank you.
Chris Koteas: i'm so running a bit behind so.
Chris Koteas: i'm afraid that we don't have a ton of time for questions, but as we.
Chris Koteas: Like to Stevens Stevens talk um if someone wants to ask a quick question that's fine but Stephen Campbell.
Chris Koteas: Yes, can you uh, can you please put your talk up.
Stephen Campbell: Okay, can you see that okay.
Chris Koteas: we're getting there sounds good alright.
Chris Koteas: And we'll have some time with the break for for other questions so i'm sorry leanne Thank you so much appreciate it so stephens going to give us talk about the origin of garnet of the strongly para luminous garnet tonal lights of the flagstaff lake mean Stephen.
Stephen Campbell: Please take it away, thank you very much, well, he just gave away my title i'm.
Chris Koteas: Sorry, no.
Stephen Campbell: you're good that's great that's wonderful i'm again i'm Stephen Campbell and working with Michael dre which many of you know so i've been his graduate student.
Stephen Campbell: i'm a master student at byu working.
Stephen Campbell: On this rocket i'm loving this thing so much, and I think you guys will like it as well.
Stephen Campbell: So we're working in central Western maine, and this is a from the Nelson at all 1989 paper, where he kind of outlined the flagstaff like igneous complex and then he.
Stephen Campbell: put together a section, where he what he called the garnet tonal light, and this is just north of range Lee.
Stephen Campbell: The area.
Stephen Campbell: is very heavily vegetated which makes collecting very difficult Luckily, there are some road cuts that actually cut through exposing some of the rocks and there is a quarry.
Stephen Campbell: Where we were able to collect some other samples, and so we have to from our quarry site and the single from the road site which we have called the loon lake.
Stephen Campbell: So.
Stephen Campbell: So here is where we start having some whole rock analysis.
Stephen Campbell: Of the garnet tonight samples, but we, we have a problem here, there are no law liquid compositions that have about 45% silica that has over 12% normative crunch.
Stephen Campbell: So therefore none of these rocks from any of our samples represent liquid compositions.
Stephen Campbell: The problem, then, is what is the process that accounts for the compositions that we see in these samples so experimental melts have said a minute.
Stephen Campbell: That is sediments within reasonable temperature ranges produced melts that are frenetic, and that is what we've circled here in blue, so this is our what our normal Meta sediment partial melts should come out to be.
Stephen Campbell: But, and then we have our pure garnet and we see that we actually get different accumulations from our liquid to our garnet so various amounts of garment roughly between 30 to 85% has been added to our liquid compositions.
Stephen Campbell: So we define four major types of garnets in this case we have Fino crist's which are free growth unimpeded forms that developed while, supported by a liquid phase.
Stephen Campbell: Fino Chris are usually the first crystals to form from a cooling magma and therefore have sufficient room to grow, to a large size, so we have our our magnetic phoenix xena crist's these are crystals that are in igneous rock but did not derived from the original magma.
Stephen Campbell: Are peripatetic minerals, so this is your solid liquid phase when put together for a second solid phase at a particular company temperature and composition, so a classic example of this is by a tight plus courts going to garnet potassium felt sparring notes.
Stephen Campbell: And our final contestant is rest right, so the restaurant material at the site of melting during the production of Greenlandic melts.
Stephen Campbell: Through ultra metamorphosis generally rest is composed of predominance of may 5 minerals, because they're require higher temperatures to melt.
Stephen Campbell: So these are our four candidates, so what that means is if the flagstaff like complex has phoenix mystic garnets, then the compositional range of the proton is a result of variable crystal accumulation or cumulus.
Stephen Campbell: If the flagstaff like as peripatetic garnet, then the compositional range of the proton results from variable peripatetic mineral entrainment from the source or advanced assimilation from wall rocks during ascent.
Stephen Campbell: If the flagstaff like complex has stayed at garnet, then the compositional range of the proton results from degrees of entrainment of the source rock residue after partial melting.
Stephen Campbell: And finally, if the flagstaff like complex has xena krista garnet, then the compositional range of the proton results from a large amounts of a simulation.
Stephen Campbell: So our main focus is in this paper is to focus on which of these are occurring, so let me introduce the loon lake garnet tonal light to you.
Stephen Campbell: This is from one of the road cuts that we have here, and here we have our zoom in, and you can see it's not completely filled with garnet but the gardens that we have just from observations are large your regular shaped and make up about 30% of the Rock.
Stephen Campbell: Here is a zoom and have one inch sections that we took for further analysis.
Stephen Campbell: So, looking at calcium X Ray dot maps.
Stephen Campbell: We can identify particular characteristics just from the texture alone so based on work from the Carnegie include on.
Stephen Campbell: A pair tactic garnets all have inclusion rich cores and inclusion rich rims and our sub to and he drove in shape.
Stephen Campbell: which is what we see also from a whole rock perspective and Member we're looking at over 80% on Monday about 10% pyro and about three to 4% gross he learned Spencer team.
Stephen Campbell: We also see very classic spiral inclusion rich cores and rams.
Stephen Campbell: Poor for blasts that have been in trained within the material.
Stephen Campbell: What we see.
Stephen Campbell: Is that the outer minerals do not show the classic metamorphic ISM as well, so these are xena krista and the origin that have been removed from wall rock.
Stephen Campbell: Also, these tend to be very rare, but we do catch them every so often as we're looking through our sections.
Stephen Campbell: So what we did is we did sims analysis at the University of Wisconsin for each of our phases, we took four garnets and did nine examinations from quarter rim, as well as cons from their rims.
Stephen Campbell: To establish.
Stephen Campbell: magnetic.
Stephen Campbell: ranges so at high temperature magnetic zero con and garnet share similar auction isotope values.
Stephen Campbell: magna's where these form have the same values which we don't see here what we're seeing is we're seeing two populations, the majority of desert kong's are much more enriched, then what we see for our guards and our garnets er and blue and our zircons here orange orange.
Stephen Campbell: So we believe this higher population of more enriched zero con represent what the magma is supposed to be, which indicates that these are not magnetic that they represent.
Stephen Campbell: xena crests.
Stephen Campbell: Within our within our rock.
Stephen Campbell: Looking at the quarter rim.
Stephen Campbell: Looking at the quarter him so we took our nine sample scans now our air here is point three, five, which is actually quite a bit larger than what we're seeing here, these are pretty thin and so they're actually relatively flat across from quarter rim.
Stephen Campbell: So what we believe happen is we have peripatetic growth and xena krista garnet being removed from the country rock that is in a more evolved melt, but these have already finished accumulating through their pyrotechnic reactions.
Stephen Campbell: All right, let me introduce the quarry phases, we have corey phases A and B.
Stephen Campbell: This is the actual corey which is now being used for lumber waste dump from lumber mining in the area.
Stephen Campbell: It is a beautiful rockin here, you can actually see that much higher concentration closer to the 85% garnet about like the 45 to 50% garnet inclusions.
Stephen Campbell: Now, unfortunately, at this stage we're not able to identify between corey phases A and B, but these do represent our rocks from the query and they can be very close together and again here's our one in samples.
Stephen Campbell: For analysis.
Stephen Campbell: So texture wise.
Stephen Campbell: What we see are these beautiful you he jewel shaped garnets they're very inclusion rich i'm sorry collusion poor course inclusion poor rims, and this is again those calcium.
Stephen Campbell: zoning and we have a very uniform zoning across the grains.
Stephen Campbell: Again we see our omen Dean, is still up in the 80% range.
Stephen Campbell: For corey phase be i'm sorry, these are backward we named the rocks before we we knew which the order was.
Stephen Campbell: Our quarry phase be our zircons again in orange and our core face be in red appear to have very similar auction isotopes and we establish that these are in equilibrium together and, hence, these are phoenix artistic in origin.
Stephen Campbell: quarter rim, we actually see these wonderful very smooth very flat patterns until we reach about point three, where we see an actual downturn towards the rim in all of the garnets.
Stephen Campbell: indicating a more primitive.
Stephen Campbell: alteration here at the end.
Stephen Campbell: corey phase, a.
Stephen Campbell: garnets are sub to you, he drill in shape again inclusion poor corps inclusion poor rims.
Stephen Campbell: But in this case, we see a very gradual calcium zoning with a little more enrichment, as we get closer towards the ramp.
Stephen Campbell: And we see this in the majority of these garnets.
Stephen Campbell: This case.
Stephen Campbell: Our quarry face a here is in green and ours are cons again or an orange but the zircons and garnets are not in equilibrium, so we believe that they are phoenix artistic, but that they are phoenix mystic xena crist's.
Stephen Campbell: When we look at the auction isotopes from quarter him in this case, we see again beautiful flat, but much more primitive auction isotope now, mind you, this is still pretty enrich.
Stephen Campbell: Until we get to about point four, in which case we see a general up turning in all of the quarry faces in all of our garnet growth towards the rim.
Stephen Campbell: So what we believe happened inquiry phase B was an enriched melt in which we had our phoenix mystic garnets accumulating and growing.
Stephen Campbell: until they reach about point three, so this is what we call Stage one.
Stephen Campbell: Meanwhile it's also in Stage one, we also have a more primitive melt for our quarry phase, a where we also have our phoenix Chris deke garnett growth and tell about point for.
Stephen Campbell: In which case we have a Magnum mixing event, now we have a hybrid melt and our quarry phase B begins down turning in its growth as it's becoming more primitive well corey phase, a is becoming more enriched as it's trying to reach up towards the new melt composition.
Stephen Campbell: So for our conclusions to coordinate the garnet tone lights of the flagstaff like igneous complex do not represent liquid compositions.
Stephen Campbell: The composition range of the tone lights reflects addition of variable amounts of garnet to the Greenlandic melts.
Stephen Campbell: loon lake garnets or xena Christine or pyrotechnic garnets from country rock and do not relate to the quarry phases.
Stephen Campbell: assimilation was the dominant process for this face the majority of garnets inquiry phase be have textures and auction eyes and have values and equilibrium with zircons eating indicating they are phoenix lists.
Stephen Campbell: In contrast, the textures and auction is to values of the garnets inquiry phase, a are not in equilibrium with this or cons and these rocks indicate xena Christie i'm sorry phoenix xena kristin origin.
Stephen Campbell: The garnets inquiry faces and be shown attempt at equilibrium of auction isotopes as the to maximize mixed, so the whole raw compositions of corey phases, a and be a result of garnet accumulation.
Stephen Campbell: And i'd also like to thank byu GSA university Wisconsin and Wagner PETRA.
Stephen Campbell: PETRA graphic so Thank you everyone so that's my talk.
dgibson: Okay, Stephen.
Chris Koteas: Stephen excellent talk terrific.
Chris Koteas: Excellent excellent.
Chris Koteas: So any questions for Stephen.
Chris Koteas: A little bit late here, but any questions for Stephen.
wintsch: Bob winch ever click on Bob.
Chris Koteas: Please go.
wintsch: You went to the trouble to do oxygen isotopes in desert cons and compared to the garnets I wonder, would it be a possibility to look at.
wintsch: zircons in trap for maybe as inclusions and pelagic plays or any way clearly make magic and compare.
wintsch: And then do oxygen is it helps in them and compare the ages of Sir cons, you have in some samples, you have to oxygen isotopic oxygen compositions and zircons are they the same age, I guess that's my question is that a good line of research.
Stephen Campbell: I believe that is a good line of research as far as my.
Stephen Campbell: route in this is to look specifically at the garnets themselves to account for how we they.
Stephen Campbell: regard so much garnet in this frenetic.
Stephen Campbell: We do have in two talks we're looking at the whole rock side of this where my section was mostly focused on the garnets themselves, so we do have a talk where we're going to be talking more about the whole rock side of it.
Stephen Campbell: line which order wise, they were supposed to come first, but I got picked to go before that so we'll we'll talk a little more about the the whole rock here in just a little bit.
Chris Koteas: yeah that's kisses phone so.
Mike Dorais: And Bob you guys are from minerals separate so we lose the textural connick context for them, but yes, I bet there are some of those that say that the one phase where the gardens did not match the Sir cons.
Mike Dorais: Yet there are a few zircons it didn't match the gardens I bet those are different ages, we don't have a design and that would be very interesting to do, but we liked the textual context of these things, since there's our concepts.
Chris Koteas: Okay, everybody Stephen great talk Thank you i'm afraid, we have to push on.
Chris Koteas: So i'd like to introduce Dr David gibson.
Chris Koteas: he's going to give us a talk about contrasting magnet types prophecies and timing of the lesson complete on in northwestern mean Dr gibson key share your screen, please.
Yes, sir.
dgibson: Coming right up.
Chris Koteas: yep there we go all right, sir.
dgibson: Okay well.
dgibson: here's Christmas already introduced the title and i'm very honored to have us my co authors of course sheila and her master's student Kathleen Williamson, a lot of the information.
dgibson: That i'll be talking about comes from kathleen's master's thesis and also with numerous discussions with our colleague Professor seaman.
dgibson: And really in terms of acknowledgments.
dgibson: sheila that's that's basically it So where are they located here in the northern appalachians and northwestern man, as many of you know, there are a number of Mike matic belts that.
dgibson: straddle the man to brunswick line because the coastal Mike matic belt, which of course sheila worked intensely on the marimba shape belts going from.
dgibson: Central Eastern maine right up into northern new brunswick and on a whole stretch of protons which in new brunswick form the purple Oregon Victoria belt.
dgibson: And stretch Stein and two men to what we call, we have called the scarecrow smack medic belt and we'll be looking over here in northwestern man on this little body here is in fact the lexington.
dgibson: So here I am located in farmington services day and not quite the Arctic conditions, we had a couple of weeks back.
dgibson: And here is the lexington whatever we'll leave it there, for the moment, and as you can see this from the bedrock state map numerous clear tones.
dgibson: Most of which are devonian an age, the exceptions being the RT and vital peer the atom Stein over here you'll see numerous colors depicting whether we're looking at Granite screen or die rights or dine here site of farmington to micah.
dgibson: peril luminous granites.
dgibson: Serving and on oops wrong way so again, up to the lexington you'll see here is here.
dgibson: So I Stephen was just talking about the tonal lights over here in the flagstaff leg glute on which is.
dgibson: somewhat erroneously mark but that's because of course subsequent research has changed a lot of hybrid look at these rocks and we'll be hearing from.
dgibson: Dr dre quite soon apply that appears China pawns over here the Muslim Oregon tech the routing turn and having other maverick intrusions the sugar love.
dgibson: My safe pure spawn the moxie so we really do you see in in northwestern men have diverse range of protons from napa maverick and ultra morphic right across the spectrum to peril luminous to micah grants quite an amazing array of compositions in such a small area.
dgibson: Just a quick look at the field relationships, they lexington covers an area of about two 325 square kilometers as you see.
dgibson: It cuts across major structural on lift a logical boundaries so it's quite definitely a post assembly Pluto on their stuff is all assembled and then we have a number of protons like the lexington that appear to stitch the whole cross or block together.
dgibson: Traditionally, the lexington has been subdivided into what folks have called a northern lobe appear central and southern lobe and, as you can see, is depicted quite differently on the step bedrock map.
dgibson: So, it begs the question, what is the lexington is it a bottle is that a composite Pluto is a two separate futons and some folks might say, well doesn't really matter what we call it well, I think it dawes given that be very often, it does.
dgibson: require on what to relate magnetism with tectonic events so which of these has different connotations, I believe, given a tectonic setting in which we find ourselves in.
dgibson: So let's start at the North and work our way site, the.
dgibson: Northern lobe is a very typical aqui granular by a tight heartland crown or direct.
dgibson: Plenty of pleasure claire's some larger Orban Greens.
dgibson: A very nice rock and D typical of many other chrono directs up, we see in western North Western man like the song ago, like the chain of pawns like parts of the Muslim accounting.
dgibson: And then, section two beautiful.
dgibson: San Pedro homelands, you can also pick out here very nice you heat will I nearly sets thing, but we all know, they're tight nights nice oh what call them tied nights for nine by a tight tight a pleasure class.
dgibson: Another 10 section, we see.
dgibson: very typical igneous by tights speed sorry tied night.
dgibson: Because I tied naturist thought now are seen and also somehow nights as another accessory mineral and we do see plenty of zircons in this rock as well.
dgibson: Looking at the central and southern lobe this.
dgibson: Is locality north of us here it's north of North new portland I guess the settlers kind of ran out of names, by the time they got this far north and men.
dgibson: it's a lexington time ship in the sandy stream and I can't remember the first time I met or talked with sheila.
dgibson: i'm sure it was any ITC or ne GSA but it wasn't very much after we met each other, now we were talking about this like crawl.
dgibson: which I think she would agree, apart from her beloved coastal like crops is one of the I we believed Premier League nearside crops in the state of man it's spectacular, so let me show you a little bit more.
dgibson: First of all students working on on my crop there's a good one to kick off I bring by patrols to class here every fall and it's usually a beautiful day and.
dgibson: Whenever I beat up the sheila or medical sheila ne G and the ICC, she was asked me, have you been up to the lexington yet, and she would be.
dgibson: jealous has to strong because he wasn't, of course, that type of person and vs envious that I would be up looking at her beloved lexington.
dgibson: So what are these kids looking at well we've got lots of mega Chris and here let's go to sleep now.
dgibson: At the sandy stream, there are mostly oriented nor site shallowly and tying it tainted 25 degrees, to the site, I know that because that's what the kids are doing right here and i've got plenty of data to back that up.
dgibson: With civil see some athletes in here coming right up and those appear to be the long axis of them appear to be similarly aligned, both of which strongly suggests of flow origin in this part of the lexington central low.
dgibson: So here are those.
dgibson: And clears the lexicon itself years of course mega christy to micah mantle Granite or courts motto direct.
dgibson: A huge mega touristic K felts bars and these abundant Mike madigan cleaves which Kathleen described as Horn plan directs and Horn plan or by tight micro directs.
dgibson: These are, of course, the classic don't the shoval that have been described in many publications.
dgibson: and actually I was talking to Chris earlier in the week and the grid wallet picture came up in conversation and I decided to look at his book.
dgibson: The natural arts and of granites and see what he had to say about Pontus Val and, of course, in typical PETRA style you still have a long standing problem, whether such crystals grew within the yank live or represent Center Chris derived from the host.
dgibson: And he goes on to say, I am grateful for Professor per bar Barbara and one of the famous French patrol see school pointing it to felt spark crystals like athwart.
dgibson: Nobody would picture with use the term athwart anyway, but the liar core of floored the contacts and I actually have but then any sign of reaction such crystals have the appearance of being mechanically inserted.
dgibson: And so, in my best wally picture, let me emphasize, on balance, therefore, I will accept the derivation hypothesis.
dgibson: Now that's not bad for a Belfast boy.
dgibson: anyway.
dgibson: Of course, that has has stopped people looking at these thought the serval sense, even though the man is.
dgibson: or cut and dry, this is a more recent paper by ranjith on the yellow geary alkaline complex in southern India looking at again the mechanical.
dgibson: piecing off biting off of these mega crist's run Jeff also looks at some looking at flow and this will certainly mimic what we see in the lexington or, indeed, some compaction.
dgibson: I would say this is more akin to what we say dine and me that there are two tone and the memory byte array with and Chris would would agree with me they're.
dgibson: Looking at them to make requests that are fascinating they are in fact regional pathetic micro pipelines, we see up the soul Val cutting discovered an overbite up the four concentric zones of inclusions and also of barium and Richmond.
dgibson: You can see one here that's got packed full of inclusions and Dan some concentric zones, so this one, for example, is quite quite a lot of.
dgibson: concentric zoning oh sorry wrong way again this one has only one as you see here, and probably we're looking at.
dgibson: Different time sections different times of of fellas fellas bar mega crystal growth and cursing really at this two different influxes of more magic marker sourcing time slices within these fell Spar mega crist's.
dgibson: And third section, you can see, the large, this is actually one of the smaller feminists but lots of mica lots of muscovite the by type micah has some.
dgibson: distinctive really Brian clear careerism, in contrast to the chrono directs of the northern law.
dgibson: I was going to label the section, but I think that the contrast is startling between, on the left the.
dgibson: Northern load runner directs with typical clear Chris and we would see an igneous by tights compared to the.
dgibson: On the right the rocks of the set from law with red brine player crowing pirate sites indicating high titanium contents and just a margin of one of these super large K fell squire mega priests.
dgibson: So to summarize photography northern lobe is is chronic directly with an eye type mineral assemblage of horror by type or land title nine.
dgibson: Central low mantle Granite tomorrow night with the abundant my African slaves, but essentially a very difference startlingly definitely different as type mineralogy.
dgibson: i'm not going to show you any pictures of the southern go because it's pretty boring it's just a fine grained equivalent of the central law with with fan requests that are only two to three centimeters and data is not particularly well exposed anyway.
dgibson: Just a little bit of geochemistry not surprisingly.
dgibson: The Northern lobe is.
dgibson: sexy and K ratios and metal luminous range, the central law much more much higher AC and K ratios.
dgibson: Parallel apparel luminous compositions.
dgibson: These fields are the fields for other protons in western men on across men, including the auto redington song ago and the Philips, and over and.
dgibson: northeast for me and the hotel tones pleasant lake country cochran leg, and you can say again.
dgibson: both northern and central lobes of the lexington are very different chemically.
dgibson: I could show any number of by very at harker diagrams but you get the picture.
dgibson: Likewise, on our stress element discrimination diagrams here's some data for the Philips, the reading tourney on Noah and again the northern law is distinct from the central and southern law rocks these being.
dgibson: opera across all melts on the version of this diagram proposed by nightfall hire us and Pearson tyndall.
dgibson: If we go into the ages it's it's really quite startling this is data from poor palm sized paper back in 2005 with a central and southern law being around 4344 put the northern log significantly younger at 365.
dgibson: When it says fit in in terms of the tier chronology of the other protons in the area.
dgibson: Well, this is a compilation plot, including public status of Paul Tom zach and Curry solar's peppers and new to you later ablation ICP Ms ah, is that we have done myself long with my.
dgibson: Canadian guiding us, I like to call them Sandra bar d&b room Chris right and shown the plot, this is coming out in a lot of geology quite soon real and you can say.
dgibson: here's the lexington with a biggie just is the central and southern logged as type mineralogy the northern low I type by type Horn plan tight night trying to direct.
dgibson: This seems to be a trend and Western man, if we look up here, am I see is the Muslim mechanic ignis complex and again it's got as type granites.
dgibson: I type monster direct sweet as Paul zach calls it, and even some rather die right anklets which are quite older than the other rocks and you say in the rest of the moose look we can't take Agnes complex.
dgibson: So to summarize.
dgibson: Northern law by homeland central law to like a monster die right man so grana.
dgibson: Different accessories tied night circle Tyler zero con appetite more common in the mega crystal central low.
dgibson: Different.
dgibson: luminosity metal luminous compositions versus Pearl luminous compositions and various other to chemical characteristics.
dgibson: Not and, of course, quite different in terms of age.
dgibson: Late devonian much definitely earlier devonian.
dgibson: So.
dgibson: Just to wrap it up the central and southern logs represent upper crust of melts in truth of about four or five, although.
dgibson: There was maverick magma not just there to melt the upper crust but also to stir things up in the the lexington market timber if very definitely and evidence from kathleen's thesis of the influx of maverick magma.
dgibson: which was probably responsible for the growth of these K false car maker Chris along with those concentric zoning.
dgibson: In contrast to buy typographic right direct represents lower costs of melting so of course again, we must have had higher heat flow and cryptically.
dgibson: can speculate that magic marker was was the victim or the sorry the cause of that as well.
dgibson: And then they if you go back to our compilation diagram you can say that this is the early devonian fees, which has a mixture of S type and.
dgibson: By type granites of.
dgibson: Not necessarily definite affinity but in a major younger fears which included I types and as types all over North Western men.
dgibson: So.
dgibson: Just to follow on major differences between the components suggest to separate magnetic events i'm probably therefore as sheila and I discussed frequently.
dgibson: Probably dealing a memory Russa, think of the lexington not as a composite Pluto on are complex put indeed probably as two separate protons.
dgibson: And finally, there, she is doing something that she loved to do.
dgibson: She would probably give other students.
dgibson: At northeast tsa meetings as much time, if not more time Nancy would give her own students my kids would always come up to me and said.
dgibson: that's really nice lady I think she's from the University of Massachusetts came up and she was so interesting so wonderful wonderfully supported supported for, but my work, who is she said she didn't even read her name tag right knowing, of course, it was sheila and.
dgibson: As I say, i'm not sure where we first met, but she was always there I miss her tremendously, and I personally have a better scientist for being out in the field with her interacting at northeast GSA with her and i'm a better person, because he was my friend.
dgibson: Thank you very much.
Chris Koteas: Thank you Dave.
Chris Koteas: Okay talk um.
Chris Koteas: I I appreciate it.
Chris Koteas: So, Dr dre are you ready to maybe share your screen um.
Chris Koteas: we're short on time so we're going to sort of rushed to the break but we'll have time to talk over the break if that's all right.
Chris Koteas: So, Professor microarray is going to give us a talk on peripatetic xena crist's or rustic and futuristic garnet accumulation and the origin of certainly para luminous grid Nick rocks in the flagstaff like.
Chris Koteas: Okay Mike Thank you so much.
Mike Dorais: you're welcome first off, I think we could have a session to honor sheila, not just for the quality of our research, but for the quality of her personality, who Chris and day, thank you very much for organizing this.
Mike Dorais: i'm going to repeat a little bit of what Stephen said in case anybody joined us late and didn't see his remarks just to set up the story here here is the flagstaff lake igneous complex, if I can get some sort of cursor hazmat by Nielsen at all 1989.
Mike Dorais: This area here I probably can't even see it.
Mike Dorais: I can't see my own cursor little here we are, this area here in the Center is dire right to grant tamale deeper luminous Granite I call that the main phase, but as Stephen pointed out in blacked out here the garnet tonal lights that will focus on in this talk.
Mike Dorais: to set up a problem as Stephen did all these rocks that have saved 45 50% silica etc.
Mike Dorais: They have massive amounts of normal of quran them or access aluminum do not represent liquids there no basalt took liquids with normative random.
Mike Dorais: So that immediately causes a problem is that is how do these rocks form what's the process whereby rocks as such low silica concentrations can have massive amounts of normal random.
Mike Dorais: it's been observed that experimental melts from Meta sentiments produce frenetic liquids over any reasonable range of partial melting for and natural systems.
Mike Dorais: So there's a tie line here between experimental liquids, and up to the top here garden analyses from the flagstaff.
Mike Dorais: showing that these rocks represent various degrees of crystal accumulation of some process or another to get these non liquid compositions so the what we want to determine, is what is that process.
Mike Dorais: In order to do that, you have to determine what the garnets are because depending what they are that'll give you a completely different process.
Mike Dorais: So as Steven mentioned, we have Fino Chris young kids with those are we have any trouble hearing you well, my phone just talk to me i'm sorry about that how we have xena Chris which, of course, form crystals from another source, either from the wall rock or from Magna mixing.
Mike Dorais: They also may have para tech garnets that's The case of say classic by dehydration melting reaction we have by type plus courts plus other things forming a melt.
Mike Dorais: But there are a lot of elements in the biotech that won't dissolve in the mouth, the mouth gets super saturated in iron, for instance, and magnesium.
Mike Dorais: So guard, it will grow during the melting reaction so this sense guarded is a pair tactic mineral.
Mike Dorais: There might even be guarded in the pre existing rock that could be poor for blast but here's a new growth of garnet during melting, and of course he died anything from the source rock that didn't melt the could carried up with the magma it's a solid resident leftover parts are melting.
Mike Dorais: Just as an example of pair tactic melted this is from the cardigan futon here see by a tide in the process of breaking down the form garnet with fiber lead outside.
Mike Dorais: So why is this important well again if the flagstaff lake is loaded with phoenix krista garnet that it tells us that these these Grenada rocks are cumulus.
Mike Dorais: Which is basically a more or less relatively high level process high structural level process if their parents hectic then.
Mike Dorais: It could be that these middle zone train from the source, you have a mobilized di tech sites, shall we say, or you could have had advanced assimilation wall rocks during the scent of the magma causing partial melting along the way to produce new pair economy.
Mike Dorais: If their aesthetic then, of course, that means there and train materials from the source.
Mike Dorais: If this is the case, then the granted a proton has its composition in part to it during birth and care that all the way up tours where was placed.
Mike Dorais: And finally, if there's any acoustic, then you have some sort of massive amounts of simulation and partial melting or wall rocks and dumping those into the numerical.
Mike Dorais: So let's look at these three phases, we have the loon lake face that Stephen described it as coarse grained garnets.
Mike Dorais: up to two centimeters and length the percentage of garden, and these rocks and the loon lake is considerably lower than what's in Cory phase A and B, you can see the guidance and the query phase A and B are quite small.
Mike Dorais: Now the interesting thing about the query phases, is that you sample across the the query face or even drill core.
Mike Dorais: there's areas extensively drilled in the 80s and I was given access to that just looking at them enhance sample or on the wall of corey you have no idea there's two phases there they look identical.
Mike Dorais: And in fact for most of their compositional parameters, they are identical here we have corey phase A and B overlapping in terms of silica content and most elements that you could show that i'll show you.
Mike Dorais: loon lake phase, on the other hand, is offset from the query phases and averages around pushing 60% silica the black is the main phase that is the director granted that's up here.
Mike Dorais: Where we really see a difference in phases A and B are in certain trace elements, for instance, here, you see a contract normalized where with patterns.
Mike Dorais: Note that corey a phase is very, very rich and heavy reverse heavier the inquiry phase be.
Mike Dorais: Good if you come to the light bearers corey phase, a is much less enriched in the library, as compared to corey phase, be in fact i've done Syrian dot maps and Sir quantum dot maps on these rocks and the dot maps for corey phase, a that are very rich in lighter errors.
Mike Dorais: Or have a lot more mono site, the inquiry phase any inquiry phase, a has more Zurich on the inquiry phase be so it's very interesting to me that.
Mike Dorais: These rocks look identical in the field, you can't tell them apart do have this distinct trace on my characteristic so they probably represent partial melts of similar but.
Mike Dorais: somewhat different source rocks that were then mingled in mixed the blue is the loon lake phase, which is intermediate and the black is of course the main face.
Mike Dorais: So we want to learn the process whereby these whole rocks obtain their compositions to do so, we have to distinguish.
Mike Dorais: between the different sources a garden, or they phoenix mystic xena krista rustic or pyrotechnic and we can look at those in three different ways, one is textures to is trace element profiles across these grains and three Stephen showed you earlier ox nice topic analysis.
Mike Dorais: To set this story up, I want to review just a little bit what we found in the cardigan Pluto.
Mike Dorais: Here you see partition coefficients for cirque con and kinetic liquids and garden and kinetic liquids, and you see that the heavier errors have very high partition coefficient for both these minerals.
Mike Dorais: What that means, then, is, we have a bite I dehydration reaction taking place to produce a melt.
Mike Dorais: I might have mentioned this, by tight and courts and other things, one of those other things would be zero con.
Mike Dorais: So, as long as they're con is melting it's dumping out a rich supply of heavier verse to the mouth and, of course, corrected garnet.
Mike Dorais: Also, has high partition coefficients for heavier errors, it will immediately start them up.
Mike Dorais: So, as long as garnet I sees me long as they're called is partially melting during this process that any garnett growing will be pretty enriched in heavier errors from quarter round.
Mike Dorais: Now, if we consumed all those are con in the source and continue to partially mouth, then of course you'd see a depletion at that point in the heaven earth concentration.
Mike Dorais: also note that these protective garnets and the cardigan plutonium are loaded with inclusions this contrast to garnets in the cardigan that we called phoenix.
Mike Dorais: In this case, you have a melt as crystallizing by tight garnet X, whatever else is in there.
Mike Dorais: And if these garnets are growing, and as a place where they've separated out from the source, then we'll see fraction ation of compatible elements.
Mike Dorais: In this case, from quarter em traverses will see a decrease in compatible elements from quarter gram.
Mike Dorais: Whereas if they're incompatible elements being enriched in the mouth with fresh nation than these phoenix show and increase from quarter.
Mike Dorais: So, in other words phoenix Chris will be if they're growing in a free state out in the liquid have nothing around them will be inclusion poor and they'll show quarter amateur versus that will be indicating fracture nation.
Mike Dorais: So let's look at the flagstaff like complex, this is the same grand that Stephen showed you earlier, with a spiral inclusion patterns here, this one is I don't know, maybe this has been spiral to starting here and going out the other direction.
Mike Dorais: I don't know how to get spiral inclusion patterns, other than poor poor for blast gross Francis said typically their their thought to result from.
Mike Dorais: tumbled enrolled guarded as it's growing incorporating some of the matrix to get the spiral patterns that would make me think that these spiral patents here very well may be from rolled growth in that these guys would be poor for class.
Mike Dorais: Other garnets in the Loom like face I should mention that I forgot to that these are dealing with the lake phase right now are just filled with random inclusions all over the place very similar to what we saw for pyrotechnic guarded in the cardigan Pluto.
Mike Dorais: and looking at rare earth patterns note that they're all flat there's one pattern here that that is depleted that might show some evidence of fraction nation.
Mike Dorais: But basically the same from quarter around suggesting these garnets grew during a constant supply of errors, so that they didn't fraction a so I interpret these as either port for blast for the spiral wants.
Mike Dorais: or pyrotechnic goddess in the lake.
Mike Dorais: Looking at corey phase, a Stephen showed you, here we have calcium dot map on the left for two different grains.
Mike Dorais: And on the right, we have iron maps to show you the grants a little better here, you see a bunch of plastic ladies and courts but note the Nice you he Joe grain boundaries for both these grains notice that there are very, very poor in inclusions they're very clean.
Mike Dorais: just looking at those one would immediately be suspect that these are feeding Chris.
Mike Dorais: And just show you the major element profiles again hire them again concentrations, but note in the rarest now we start to see a fanning of the heavier us has probably related to fracture nation.
Mike Dorais: So, again we have the textures the sun, the usual grain boundaries, the inclusion for nature and fraction ation of the errors that are compatible elements suggesting that again, these are fingers.
Mike Dorais: This is corey phase B, and it also starts to get even a little bit more interesting.
Mike Dorais: On the upper left, hopefully, you can see, this grain has a darker core that looks like it's somewhat resolved the mantle by a much more calcium rich.
Mike Dorais: garnet here, you see the iron dot map this grain doesn't really show any calcium zoning, and this is what they look like and major element profiles.
Mike Dorais: here's that calcium poor core and also the kicks up to a much more granular rich rim up to about 4.5% rosler that other one that didn't show much zoning at all is pretty flat across and ranges between 3.5 and four, just like this overgrowth on the previous crane.
Mike Dorais: Looking over here, you see that the core the calcium poor core shows very fraction aided heavier earth patterns suggesting that it crystallized from a.
Mike Dorais: fraction add evolved melt the metals have loops what's going on there, the mantels have much higher heavy rare earth patterns they're not fraction aided.
Mike Dorais: This suggests to me that this core was a phoenix Chris from a enrich magma.
Mike Dorais: magma that then from admin mixing and mingling get dumped into something more primitive to where the calcium content contents get jacked up and there were with concentrations get jacked up as well.
Mike Dorais: The other grain that has the same calcium contents as the mantle so the previous one, shows the same flat rare earth patterns indicating the fate crystallized in the same man magma has the mantle did on the previous screen.
Mike Dorais: If you look at other elements in these are, and these garnets scandium Canadian chromium Atrium are all compatible elements.
Mike Dorais: The Gray circles are from the core from the same grain and notice there are low abundances have all these elements again.
Mike Dorais: agreeing with a heavy earth patterns that the core of that particular grain crystallized for unfractionated melt this is depleted in these in these compatible elements, the.
mantle.
Mike Dorais: Here is shown in the black circles is much more enriched in all these elements again agreeing with the enriched flat heavier earth patterns that the mantle crystallized from something that was much more primitive.
Mike Dorais: The open circles are from this grain over here and note that they match pretty well for the calcium rich mantle on this to play the core.
Mike Dorais: So, again I interpret this as a phoenix Chris from a more enriched magma or more depleted back what am I saying.
Mike Dorais: Maybe those depleted in compatible elements and that was then dumped into more prudent magma mantle on the right side we look at elements that appear to be incompatible you see the core from this portion is enriched ins or Korean it's enriched in.
Mike Dorais: phosphorus like a crystal is from a fractured melt the mantle from that same grain and black circles as much lower ends or Connie and add phosphorus.
Mike Dorais: So I interpret this as a mixing event, with a grain dumped into more punitive magma and this other grain here is pretty much like the rams of that first one.
Mike Dorais: That we see here.
Mike Dorais: However, there are some more complicated crystals in Cory phase be here, you see one that's very poor and inclusions there's the calcium overgrowth just like we showed you.
Mike Dorais: But you get a few of these grains like this that are just loaded with inclusions like the protected garnets from the cardigan so our interpretation is give a few brands have protected gardens that have been dumped into.
Mike Dorais: This system that's growing phoenix Chris So there are a few eyeballs here and there.
Mike Dorais: And if the parents of these grants are also fraction aided suggesting there's a Fini krista component to these as well.
Mike Dorais: So let's return now to this whole rock diagram showing silica versus normative condom for these rocks and let's look at loon lake phase these other ones in blue.
Mike Dorais: Just the liberal it suggests that the Loom like contains about 30% edition of gardens to a liquid to pull it up to these levels of say 8% normative chronic.
Mike Dorais: here's a little bit wider view of tooth in sections of the loon lake phase, these are both calcium X Ray maps and in terms of percentage i'd say 30% is probably not a bad guess that seems to match the whole rock compositions that would suggest that that much accumulation guard.
Mike Dorais: By the way, these are logically and courts that you're seeing.
Mike Dorais: Again nfl 20 sampling or 20.
Mike Dorais: None of these grants are are completely within the thin section, but again, probably 30% or so, so I think that's a fair estimate that.
Mike Dorais: The loon lake contains about 30% accumulation of either xena Chris those spiral ones, perhaps, or at least pyrotechnic garnet that were accumulated and retained retained in these magma is giving us that non liquid composition.
Mike Dorais: let's look at Cory phase, a in green the level role suggests, you have greater than 50% to push and 85% edition of garnet to a liquid down here, and if they don't lie on the line there's probably other stuff that's added to those magnets to dilute the influence of garnet alone.
Mike Dorais: here's a wider thin section view of corey phase, a and note two things one you've got pretty nice you use your boundaries as we've discussed.
Mike Dorais: Their inclusion poor as we discussed and, if you look at the front, the rarest patterns they're fresh needed as we discussed that would suggest to the vast majority of these grains are phoenix Chris.
Mike Dorais: And this particular sample feed aggressive I don't know 60% or more so what's the process that that impacted the whole rock composition of corey phase, a rocks well crystal accumulation these guys accumulates.
Mike Dorais: Core phase be.
Mike Dorais: The lever would suggest that these rocks have somewhere between 45 and 75% guarded added to them.
Mike Dorais: If you look at a lot of these corey phase be samples.
Mike Dorais: bunch of these garments are inclusion poor, some of them have you had your grain boundaries here are the ones that have the darker corps versus rams is one there there's one there.
Mike Dorais: What that suggests is that had a lot of feeding Kristen this magma some of them were dumped in by magma mixing and then we're coded.
Mike Dorais: sienna magma mixing event but have a few of these oddballs like this that are loaded with inclusions that very well, could be protecting.
Mike Dorais: So what do we got for that well the process that generated the hora composition of quarter phase B is a magma mixing mingling event, followed by crystal accumulation of phoenix Chris with some pyrotechnic garnets dumped in here and there.
Mike Dorais: So what do we see for the flagstaff lake igneous complex well these rocks don't represent liquids.
Mike Dorais: If they don't represent liquids that demands us giving an explanation for how they attain those non liquid compositions well it's addition or retention of variable variable amounts of garnet to that kinetic melt.
Mike Dorais: We use a combination of textual major and trace element and as Stephen showed you earlier isotopic data to determine the origin of these garments their feedback Christina Christina rustic or protecting.
Mike Dorais: And once we do that, then you can begin to explore the process of accumulation or retention to determine the origin of that bulk rock composition.
Mike Dorais: To quote Famous people from the UK, this is for you, David gibson you're all familiar with ah ah reads famous statement, there are grants and grants many there are multiple origins to produce critic Magnus likewise, you can see here in the.
Mike Dorais: flagstaff light complex there regardless and garnets they're not all the same, so each Pluto needs to be studied.
Mike Dorais: Individual human the origin of garden, and that then determines the interpretation of the bulk rock composition and how that to town was built on that I say thank you very much.
dgibson: Like.
Chris Koteas: Thanks Mike terrific appreciate it.
Chris Koteas: So we have a brief moment for a break.
Chris Koteas: But we're going to try to pick back up again and get back on schedule.
Chris Koteas: So.
Chris Koteas: If people want to stay around for a bit and chat ask questions that'd be great but at 330.
Chris Koteas: we're going to pick back up with kaitlyn homes.
Chris Koteas: So if you're if you're on a to hang out and chat great.
Chris Koteas: sounds good, too.
Chris Koteas: But three.
wintsch: talked about the inclusions in the garden, they were calcium maps and they were all very bright So what are the inclusion and and other patterns from quarter rim of the inclusions and the inclusions different from the different kinds of garnets.
Mike Dorais: Most of those inclusions are appetite so I just did a calcium map that probably others as well, we have an analyze those appetites to see if there's a competition will change Bob.
Mike Dorais: That might be fun thing to do.
Mike Dorais: But have not as yet and.
wintsch: Those are the only minerals that are included.
Mike Dorais: I know there are others, but those are the dominant I said and they show up so easily and the calcium doubt now.
Mike Dorais: They just scream at you so it's easy to see.
Bill Burton: I had a question for leanne I don't know if we have time at arrow and and I saw questions to this in the chat everyone's fascinated with your structures in the quarry wall, could you just give us a one minute narrative of how you see those things forming.
Bill Burton: And forming are they also settling in the bottom, and then they get to form by further movement or good as what, if you could put that into words.
LeeAnn Srogi: that's tall order i'm.
LeeAnn Srogi: One possibility, since we is this so.
LeeAnn Srogi: That corey sits near the bottom, but not right at the bottom of that cell and if you go north of the quarry all the way to where you are at the upper contact and they're fine grained.
LeeAnn Srogi: chill margin type diabetes it's all layered.
LeeAnn Srogi: Pyrrhic seen rich database and there's a lot of that pleasure clays layering so i'm in this particular location it's very crystal rich that's very similar to the sales throughout these rift basis and that you usgs workers in the in the 80s were talking about this.
LeeAnn Srogi: So one possibility is that you have crystal bearing magma and in the process of moving from a vertical oriented conduit into the lateral sill.
LeeAnn Srogi: That change into lateral flow results in not a continuous flow, but a pulsed flow and you start to develop pulses, which form start to form these low bait shapes and you have a distribution of shear stress from the flow throughout that material.
LeeAnn Srogi: Wherever you have caught just fortuitous concentrations of pleasure clays crystals.
LeeAnn Srogi: They start to align and you start to get separation of the Pyrrhic seen in the pleasure place and they start to create those structures so it's kind of a self organizing process that requires the lateral flow requires the crystals to be there.
LeeAnn Srogi: and
LeeAnn Srogi: Then you can potentially separate liquid from crystals as the lateral flow continues in the cell.
LeeAnn Srogi: Another possible and and what I don't know because I can't really constrain it very well that I can see in the quarry walls, is what the thickness of the inputs are.
LeeAnn Srogi: They can't just be individual lobes those are too small, but how thick are they a meter 10 meters hundred meters I don't know.
LeeAnn Srogi: So what is it shearing against I don't think it's I think it's a sheer resulting from flow distributed in the silla could be shearing against a floor and a roof in this existing sale could be sharing against existing marsh or a machine crystals I don't know.
LeeAnn Srogi: Another possibility that people are very happy about these days is porous reactive flow desegregating and rejuvenating machines and I love those models, I just have difficulty explaining how you do that and create these lateral flow structures.
Bill Burton: Great Thank you very much.
LeeAnn Srogi: i'd love to have feedback on this i'm working on a paper for a volume that's due in April and i'm really looking forward to getting some good feedback from modelers and geophysical fluid dynamics people.
LeeAnn Srogi: Because it's not my area.
Joop Varekamp: As a quick follow up on this, do you have any bill grog data on the slices to see what is actually flowing and leaving and coming in and compacting and going.
LeeAnn Srogi: that's a great question and, yes, I have geochemistry from many samples throughout the.
LeeAnn Srogi: system, mostly focusing on the chilled margins of the intrusions because I was interested in how similar or different, they were at different intrusive levels, but I do have Sam whole rock data from these samples, including rare earth elements I didn't go into that.
LeeAnn Srogi: And these corey rocks are GEO chemically weird you can't make a coherent story.
LeeAnn Srogi: By any simple mechanism of fraction nation mixing accumulation it's just more complicated than that trying to get the minerals compositions to work with the bulk rock composition so.
LeeAnn Srogi: that's ongoing work it's really an interesting story, and I hope to collaborate more with megan pollock on that this summer.
Joop Varekamp: shows that they're real rocks.
LeeAnn Srogi: Agreed, thank you.
Chris Koteas: Well, everybody, I appreciate all the conversation i'm sorry to cut it short but I think that we should get back onto a schedule and i'd like caitlin hills films to.
Chris Koteas: be able to present her talk.
Chris Koteas: caitlin.
Chris Koteas: We share screen with us, please.
Hal Bosbyshell: Chris i'm actually giving caitlin's talk.
Chris Koteas: All right.
Hal Bosbyshell: i'll be happy to share my screen.
Hal Bosbyshell: All right.
Chris Koteas: Thanks i'll yeah.
Chris Koteas: So how in caitlin and leanne with other Co offers in hagen's as well, is going to talk about formation of garnet in the honey brook in North the site metamorphic or MAC Malik.
Hal Bosbyshell: Right, so can everybody see my screen yes.
Hal Bosbyshell: Alright, so i'm really honored to be here today presenting in this session honoring sheila and i'm glad that caitlin's.
Hal Bosbyshell: Project took took an igneous turn because it gave me the opportunity to present in the session and it's kind of double really meaningful to me because the person who did the seminal work on these rocks bill Crawford.
Hal Bosbyshell: passed away last year, and if you don't know bill, he was the igneous pathologist at bryn mawr college where sheila did her her undergraduate so bill had a.
Hal Bosbyshell: major influence on sheila's pursuit of knowledge in the igneous round.
Hal Bosbyshell: So Heidi brooke.
Hal Bosbyshell: And worth the site is in the honey broke up land and on this map I included the messages out basis, maybe to give people a.
Hal Bosbyshell: Little more geographic information, but the honey brooke upland is on the South side of new Arc basin very near where the database that you heard so much about from the end is located and the north, the slide is that blue.in the.
Hal Bosbyshell: In the honey broke up one.
Hal Bosbyshell: So here's a map of the area that caitlin put together the outcrop that we that she looked at is an Eastern edge of that honey broke in the north of sight the.
Hal Bosbyshell: Honey broke up blend is granville nice mostly ortho nice, but the darker blue shades here are prophetic Nice and there's even a little bit of marble the cover rocks are the cambrian sequence that bazell chickens court site and it's going up into carbonate rocks.
Hal Bosbyshell: Nice is of course upper into the light to grenville i'm sorry to granulated faces men work isn't during the granville the cover rocks barely saw green just in this area during the panel itself.
Hal Bosbyshell: A lot of people wonder how does the honey broke compared to the.
Hal Bosbyshell: glyphosate in the adirondacks and there's also a couple of smaller and north of sight bodies in Virginia.
Hal Bosbyshell: montpelier, which is in the good excellent terrain and roseland, which is in blue Ridge, and as you can see, on this slide This is my eyes are much older or younger than marcy messy and we really don't we don't have an age for the honey brooke.
Hal Bosbyshell: Then, this has been since people speculated we're like the Virginia rocks that were like the adirondacks.
Hal Bosbyshell: turns out that the Virginia and worth of sites are very outgoing and here's a plot of some five year clays compositional data on the pleasure closed and then north of sites really turn we felt sports.
Hal Bosbyshell: Very.
Hal Bosbyshell: Perfect lots of you know X solution, and so they they plotted the normative analyses here.
Hal Bosbyshell: pink squares are norms from the.
Hal Bosbyshell: belts bar in the honey broke and we're in Africa north of sight that Crawford published in the 70s and then these red spots there.
Hal Bosbyshell: overlain by these open circles are from the honey broken worth of sight as their ETS results that we obtain and the Green are just some analysis from the adirondacks so if anything i'd say that the that the honey broken North side is more like the adirondack rocks.
Hal Bosbyshell: But we're here to talk about garnet not held Spar and.
Hal Bosbyshell: i'm.
Hal Bosbyshell: These garnets.
Hal Bosbyshell: My slide the garden typically.
Hal Bosbyshell: appears in these elongate clusters, they look like.
Hal Bosbyshell: Where individual discrete new creation centers kind of coalesce together during the crystallization process.
Hal Bosbyshell: and
Hal Bosbyshell: Big a in addition to being in these elongate clusters, they also commonly occur in these linear arrays on the outcrop.
Hal Bosbyshell: Is a very weak holy Asian in the in the north of sight, but these linear raise only suggest to me that that that perhaps these garnets.
Hal Bosbyshell: discarded occurs in planes and we're just seeing where that plane intersects the outcrop service, so I measured a bunch of the long dimensions of the.
Hal Bosbyshell: garnets and they kind of fall and a great circle, so I think there's suggesting that there crystallizing on a plane, another important aspect, about the currents of this card is that they're surrounded by these Luca craddick halos.
Hal Bosbyshell: Where there's.
Hal Bosbyshell: no magic minerals i'm.
adjacent to the garden.
Hal Bosbyshell: And this always suggested to me the possibility of.
Hal Bosbyshell: This look I always related this to the metamorphosis them in some of the adirondacks we have gone.
Hal Bosbyshell: warming, and so I just as my our initial hypothesis, then the project that I said caitlin on was to find a garnet forming reaction with regards warming from the consumption of may pick minerals in Iraq, so, while we're waiting for thin sections to come back.
Hal Bosbyshell: She started doing some theory abdominal modeling using a published compositions of the rock and immediately, we knew that our metamorphic hypothesis was in some trouble because garnet was stable everywhere.
Hal Bosbyshell: On every diagram that we calculated and not only that it's stable well above the solidness on many of the diagrams.
Hal Bosbyshell: So when we finally got out, I should point out that.
Hal Bosbyshell: These were calculated using the Syriac compilation by.
Hal Bosbyshell: The pink on that incorporated this worn by model from green 2016.
Hal Bosbyshell: But we finally got the thin sections back and did some caitlin did some SDN yes work, we realize that yeah it's gonna it's our 30% pirate component.
Hal Bosbyshell: And I knew immediately that that indicated a pretty high temperature of formation probably higher temperature than there's any sign of in the surrounding metamorphic rocks so even more arrows lead out of the metamorphic balloon metamorphic travel around.
Hal Bosbyshell: And you can see that these are whopping big gardens, this is a revisit the composite on.
image.
Hal Bosbyshell: And just an aside, about the garnet composition there's the average, as you can see, on this slide the planets are basically on zone.
Hal Bosbyshell: there's an average of lots of garnets and all the different things sections and.
and
Hal Bosbyshell: I was really careful I was reading over the Crawford paper actually caitlin probably pointed this out to me but.
Hal Bosbyshell: Back in the in the 70s bill and his students determined the composition of these garments using refractive index and specific gravity and here's the result that they came up with, and I was just astounded at how.
Hal Bosbyshell: They could do it that I results confirm this earlier result on.
Hal Bosbyshell: And I emailed bill right away as soon as I soon as I discovered this and i'm not I don't know if he was if he had taken it yet or not, but anyway, he emailed me back and he's very appreciative that I.
Hal Bosbyshell: pointed this out to them, and after i've learned to this passing on this so glad that I had and made that contact with him, but anyway so.
Hal Bosbyshell: Yes, this card this card is very rich in pirate indicating some pretty high temperatures and while I don't think well the theory of models didn't get us very far as far as that.
Hal Bosbyshell: pair genesis of the garnet the ice applied consistently cluster and in this temperature range of about 950 degrees at about seven.
Hal Bosbyshell: kilo bars pressure.
Hal Bosbyshell: And just for good measure this yellow line on here is the and 55 applied to your place I supply.
Hal Bosbyshell: to one other, so the final hole in this metamorphic balloon is applied the place composition, because i've been barnstorming by reaction, such as this, then that predicts that the.
Hal Bosbyshell: Composition of the plan view plays in a corona is going to be different from the plans in place composition in the matrix and if you were paying attention when I showed this earlier slide.
Hal Bosbyshell: yeah then they plan to replace composition in that local credit kayla's and the composition in the matrix are indistinguishable so.
Hal Bosbyshell: we're faced, so we have to turn away from this metamorphic model.
Hal Bosbyshell: So it was at this point that we end through.
Hal Bosbyshell: The case that she tried modeling in violate melts software.
Hal Bosbyshell: And it was also about two weeks before we shut down for the.
Hal Bosbyshell: For the pandemic last year, so caitlin was just beginning to scratch the surface of melt models which she was probably happy to.
Hal Bosbyshell: Choose like glad that she didn't have to spend another few months trying to figure out how and North a slight crystallizes but nonetheless I think these initial models that you run retreat she ran are are very informative.
Hal Bosbyshell: And so what we're looking at here is the air is correspond to the volume of each mineral at the different temperature steps and I plotted this, so the rock is cooling from left to right.
Hal Bosbyshell: And so they made their stack rather than overlapping, so what you see, is what you get so so here at around 1050.
Hal Bosbyshell: there's this much quieter paroxetine and this much pleasure place crystallizing so it's the volume of the minerals present and you see red corresponds to garnet and garnet begins to crystallize at around 960 degrees see exactly the temperature.
Hal Bosbyshell: That we.
Hal Bosbyshell: determine from the Syriac models.
Hal Bosbyshell: The composition of the garnet that's produced from the mouse, is it, these are only runs was not identical to the one we measure, but very close, I think it was maybe a n i'm.
Hal Bosbyshell: Sorry pirate 35 or so, but very close to what we what we measured.
Hal Bosbyshell: And the other thing to point out here in this model, the blue line the blue curve here is the percent liquid remaining so it's the crystal entity and in the temperature range where you just have garnet implied you clays crystallizing is it a little better than 30% liquid remaining.
Hal Bosbyshell: So in that range.
Hal Bosbyshell: Be magma is becoming a crystal mush on this plot from patterson's review paper.
Hal Bosbyshell: we're starting to get into the sub magnetic realm where the crystal mush is starting to have some strength to it.
Hal Bosbyshell: And so what i'll suggest is that this.
Hal Bosbyshell: It explains this.
Hal Bosbyshell: arrangement of the garnets.
Hal Bosbyshell: Is that these the garnet and the surrounding Luca craddick HALO.
Hal Bosbyshell: represent kind of existential veins in the critical mass, where where residual mouth or the mouth that's remaining is accumulating.
Hal Bosbyshell: And so, these veins if you want to call them that essentially tension gashes maybe in the in the crystal mush so they would be opening up.
Hal Bosbyshell: In the Sigma three direction and they'd be forming parallel to the signal one Sigma to plane.
Hal Bosbyshell: And so, this observation that the garnets do tend to fall on this great circle trace kind of.
This this model.
Hal Bosbyshell: And i'm sure there's people in this session, if lot a lot more about the strength of crystal machines and I have and be happy to send me straight, but nonetheless I think that our results kind of.
Hal Bosbyshell: I should say this model for the vase does it explain this guy one of my favorite garnets, but I do think we can say at these garnet that the garnet in the honey broken work inside is my matic in Oregon in would be.
Hal Bosbyshell: eucharistic and for the hyper I apotheosis that explains their current in the outcrop i'll leave it with this idea that this prefer orientation is due to crystal Asian crystallization in these sub magnetic extension domains, so thank you all.
Chris Koteas: Thanks so much that's it's really.
Hal Bosbyshell: she'll never got to meet the cows.
Hal Bosbyshell: Nonetheless.
Chris Koteas: Alright, so are any questions for how please.
Chris Koteas: um well I invite.
Chris Koteas: Dr Dave west to maybe share your screen.
Chris Koteas: Any questions for for how.
wintsch: Quick one how you haven't told us anything about the amazing minerals that we're not garnet.
wintsch: they're not there in the HALO but.
Hal Bosbyshell: Now they're actually born blend.
Hal Bosbyshell: Now, but there is some Pyrrhic seen left the rock is really altered.
wintsch: Which which paroxetine.
Hal Bosbyshell: i've seen i've seen orthopaedic seen but it's mostly one blend at this point I don't know when along the history of the rock the learning platform, but I don't believe that it was primary.
Okay, thanks.
Chris Koteas: Dr West.
Chris Koteas: Good.
Good to go.
David West: Back on earth.
David West: Right everybody see my slides.
Chris Koteas: Yes, good.
David West: cool i'll go ahead and get started in.
David West: First off, I want to thank Dave gibson and Chris cody is for the opportunity to celebrate the career of sheila semen, I mean just a wonderful colleague and i'm going to spend the first part of my talk just sort of celebrating her awesome work along the coast of maine for many years.
David West: I also want to thank mark Evans of central Connecticut State University, who was.
David West: sort of leading the charge with regards to this meeting about three years ago, he agreed to.
David West: host this meeting in hartford and obviously a lots happened in that time and things kind of fell apart, but he's stuck with it.
David West: He and a bunch of colleagues and also the GSA staff for helping to put this meeting on it's been quite a challenge but everybody's risen up to it also want to thank the folks at the main geological survey, especially Henry Barry who's been supportive of my field work over the years.
David West: And with that i'll get into it, so this is going to be a complete review talk i'm not going to present any new data, so if you're looking for new data, you might tune out.
David West: But it's going to be a celebration of some of sheila's work on the coast of maine and then an overview of a large variety of igneous rocks that are found within an area that's been mapped as a norm bag of false system over the years.
David West: see if I can get going here, here we go, so a few pictures of sheila we took a field trip, I think it was 2015 out dial hope where sheila had a master student megan Whitman who's up in the upper right here.
David West: Working on volcanic rocks out there Marshall Chapman had done a lot of work at umass his PhD work on the Platonic rocks.
David West: But sheila, of course, is very interested in the volcanic rocks, and this is a great photo I want to thank Henry Barry took a lot of photos out on that.
David West: field trip and it's a great record of just a wonderful day out there, looking at some spectacular volcanic rocks, and this is Chris cody is to the left and other of.
David West: sheila's students but just a great picture with sheila whether whether nose on the rocks like she always used to do on field trips like this with.
David West: Whether it be in the ITC or with their students from umass taking those long drives up to up to mount desert island for field trips so.
David West: Great stuff sheila began, and I want to thank Mike Williams for providing me with a little bit of background on this, but she actually began working in this area in the late 80s, when she first began as an assistant professor at colgate.
David West: She was really looking for a place to take students colgate had a summer field program that they.
David West: went up to acadia she tagged along and just fell in love with these rocks and just poured her heart into them for 30 plus years and studied them and.
David West: She was one of the first to really apply modern PETRA logic study to these commingling magnets I think a lot of us, you know when we think of these spectacular.
David West: Really world class outcrops of commingling Magnus you know a lot of times, think of a bb bb bb bb and rightfully so he published tremendous amounts of work on it, but if you go back and look at the literature.
David West: sheila was actually the first to really document these commingling magma check textures in the Platonic Ross out on Mount desert island she published a paper and.
David West: That paper was actually originally submitted in early 1991 and some of the subsequent papers that Bob believe he did, I mean i'm not trying to discount bob's work he did wonderful work but.
David West: sheila was all over it from the get go and recognize this based on some of her workout in the southwest of.
David West: commingling Magnus and sheila continued to publish on this work she also recognize these features, not only in the Platonic rocks but also in the volcanic rocks Magnum mixing features there, and she published on that as well, so.
David West: You know, we think of Magnum mixing those world class outcrops along the coast, I think we got a lot to sheila and her work or early work on documenting that.
David West: Those features and here's just reference to some of her workout West on Magnum Magnum mingling out there, and she brought that knowledge to the coach domain to New England.
David West: And we're all the better for it, for you know her recognizing these features very early on.
David West: This is, you know, a paper that I think a lot of us think when we think about sheila's work and it's from the cranberry islands just off the coast of of.
David West: acadia and boy I don't know I I had some spare time, a few days ago, or and I just basically went into full blown.
David West: Internet sheila stealth mode and just started pulling up sheila papers and reading and i've just been blown away, I mean I knew over work, I certainly have cited a lot of her work.
David West: But I never really sat down and looked at the details in this particular paper.
David West: I mean what is 22 pages 20 figures I mean who does that, I mean this is just she just tore this thing apart.
David West: And she didn't get cheated on our figures here I mean 20 figures but half of them are like a through E or F, I mean it's it's an amazing piece of work, just you know, two kilometer section of volcanic rocks tipped on their side there, and she just really.
David West: dug into the details and made the connection between these volcanic rocks.
David West: And the Platonic rocks that are the main part of Mount desert island there so just phenomenal work there, she also, of course, a lot of this work is process related, this is a paper on the left with Marshall Chapman.
David West: And again documenting these we think about these Magnum mixing features in the blue tonic rocks but sheila did amazing job of documenting in the volcanic rocks as well.
David West: On the right here is a paper from tonk lake so she wasn't just restricted to those pristine coastal outline our exposure she ventured in London and did some studies.
David West: Of the Tongue like sequence, and you know, let any IDC field trips and look at that I told you, I went into full sheila stop mode look at this I pulled up.
David West: Her master's thesis hand colored map, I mean you can get everything, these days, but just I mean.
David West: I just have so much respect for the work that she did over career and you know I only know a part of it from maine she obviously make contributions out West as well, but we're just all really should be thankful, of all the work that she provided and then this latest publication.
David West: into that and GSA bulletin, those of us who have seen some of her her later talks at GSA conferences, she was really into the supervolcano hypothesis.
David West: And she pulled it together here for this publication and it's it's a pretty spectacular paper and she really got into the tectonics of of linking up.
David West: The coastal magnetic belt with features inland so spectacular work there and i'll just leave you with this photo of.
David West: That field trip out on on iowa whoa with sheila looking at rocks with students and collaborators and.
David West: Just a tremendous legacy of early recognition of the magma mingling detailed mapping and volcanic and.
David West: intrusive relationships, a lot of ignis geochemistry tectonic some issues just just the full package there and now we've really gained a lot from from that, so thank you sheila and definitely left an amazing legacy.
David West: So with that i'll jump into sort of the main part of the talk, and that is, I want to take sort of a.
David West: sequential look at igneous rocks along the norm bag of fault system i'm going to take a very broad perspective of the norm bag of fault system so it's a major.
David West: System of right lateral faults and sheer zones that basically stretch along the entire length of maine from the new Hampshire border and extends up into new brunswick and long lived activity there.
David West: And how you define the norm Vega can can vary from person to person there's certainly lots of high strange zones with ultra mile and i'd suit attack alight.
David West: And then there's a wide zone.
David West: depending on where you are 20 to 50 kilometers wide where right lateral dexterous sheer penetrative defamation and spend distributed on the rocks and.
David West: A number of people and I apologize for missing, some people have worked along the link from Adrian park.
David West: up in new brunswick on the frederickson fault, to mark swanson down on the Southwestern and is tremendous structural work there.
David West: And a lot of people in between have many contributions on the norm Vega.
David West: So what I want to do is basically step through the evolution or step through the different types of igneous rocks that are found along the norm big assault fault system.
David West: and full disclosure, most of these actually have nothing to do with right lateral Dexter of sheer defamation, some of them might, but most of them, probably don't.
David West: But for the sake of completeness completeness i'm going to talk about them all, just very briefly so i'm going to start out with kind of the host rocks.
David West: The norm Vega fault system and sort of centered, at least in the central and southern parts of the state on the screen massive rocks down here, this is the liberty oriented belt.
David West: This evening's activity occurred prior to accretion in North America, so this obviously has nothing to do with.
David West: Nor mega fault system here's this belt of rocks the norm Vega just happens to be superimposed on top of it.
David West: These are middle delayed or division volcanic and volcanic sedimentary rock there, flanked by younger mostly salary and sediments.
David West: But the norm Vega textural shears sort of centered on those and perhaps is responsible for some of the uplift and exposure, but as I said earlier, these rocks formed outboard of North America lot of the van stall models for the mirror machine republican Pope a Logan Arc and.
David West: exploits back art base and lots of you know sort of Western Pacific complex interactions between arcs and back arcs all of that outboard of North America, when that ignorance activity born and then later.
David West: During the late salary in our mid to late slurring these rocks were created on to the North American margin.
David West: And then norm big activities super super imposed on top of them.
David West: The next sort of stages late salary and magnetism and this, I think, is probably related to different processes.
David West: on the map on the left these lighter colored pink blobs are basically grenache nice's.
David West: That are within the heart of the norm Vega fault system and they formed about between about 424 and 20 million years ago but they're all strongly deformed penetrative lead.
David West: deformed and re crystallized that contrasts with the rocks over here to the east.
David West: which are basically the same age, but have not been deformed at all and very little recrystallization of any of these are the rocks that sheila worked on a Bob we be and and others out in.
David West: Coastal main so basically the same age and the model, I think that sort of applies best to this is that the salary and magnets that are present within the normal default system are actually a product.
David West: Of salinity processes that initial accretion of of gander and subduction associated with that.
David West: Whereas the magnets that are present along the coast and those include the volcanic rocks and the Platonic rocks are probably related to the convergence of Babylonia.
David West: Which is not exposed here it's off of ashore here, but those magnetic rocks are here and so they're less to form but certainly norm Vegas style deprivation and superimposed on these Western.
David West: rocks getting a little progressively younger there's a interesting belt of ultra potassium magnetic rocks that are present in the area Emily peterman and I have been working on these.
David West: Very unique chemistry, the link and sell the link and sign it is probably the main mass of it, but the edge calm nice a little further down has basically identical signatures very unique.
David West: geochemical signatures associated associated with these magna's they're all about between about 410 and 418 million years old, and we believe they formed through.
David West: extension on previously medicine monetized mantle wedge rocks medicine monetized from the salinity rajini.
David West: And then those Magnus form through extension after slab break off there, so those magnets are within the norm Vega fault system of those magnetic rocks and they've been strongly before the form by.
David West: acadian and right textural fear and defamation, so now we get into rocks that probably are perhaps in some way related to norm Vega fault activity, and those are the early to late.
David West: devonian magnetic rocks The issue here is that these rocks are present threw out a lot of the northern appalachian so it's, not just within the norm bag of fault system these rocks are present.
David West: outboard of the norm mega fault system, a lot of younger devonian magnetic rocks and certainly volcanic rocks out to the southeast and then you have heard Mike del rey and.
David West: Dave gibson talk about the magnetic rocks and Western maine devonian as well, and their magnetic rocks of that age within the norm Vega softball system so.
David West: it's very difficult to sort of discern which what sorts of tectonic environments these things, and probably multiple tectonic environments in terms of production of those magnets and.
David West: You know, we certainly can look at various models and these you know symbols indicate right lateral defamation is going on at the time of these intrusions.
David West: But again, this magnetism is basically occurring all the way across the origin it's not just restricted to the norm Vega fault system.
David West: Now there's certainly have been some recent very innovative models for kind of the norm Vega fault system and katie and tectonics in general.
David West: Those of you might have been in an earlier session this morning may have heard Ian discuss that his recent paper and you bet kuyper.
David West: Her first Paper came out in 2016 with this model of the norm Vega sort of opened its origins to an oceanic rich transformed system and a lot of the magnetic rocks may in fact be related to a slab window within that system.
David West: So complex relationships with regards to potential origins of these magnetic rocks.
David West: And then, just to complete the story there's some small pockets of other magnetic rocks of different of younger ages, whether or not they're related to norm Vega activity it's unclear so down in South Western maine Gary solaren Paul Thomas ack have worked on these.
David West: You can see why the sebago baffling just keeps getting smaller and smaller over time, but it is latest carboniferous around 290 million years old, there are also some 270 to 280 million year old magnetites.
David West: In this area, that are within the norm Vega fault system, whether those are related to norm big activity it's unclear right lateral decks for fear defamation, this is mark swanson's.
David West: casco Bay restraining band that extended into the light paleozoic what role it played in magnetic activity down there, you can see in this.
David West: In pollen and gary's map here they have right level of defamation extending well out into the central maine basin with Congressional forces going on there as well, so.
David West: The the light paleozoic story is is unclear as to how much is related to the norm very good activity.
David West: And then, finally, just to complete things mesozoic igneous activity and we'll just zero in on the very South western part of the state alone, the norm Vega faults on, and this is a map from.
David West: The cattery sheet published by the main geological survey and these dark purple bob's are very unpretentious.
David West: intrusions may pick alcohol intrusions in this area, obviously they're going in a different trend, if we look at the map on the right.
David West: The familiar mana region trend going up towards Montreal, and the new angle and seamounts, these are just super impose right on top of the norm Vega fault systems so obviously don't really have anything to do with it.
David West: Although, and you can kind of look and Sam maybe mom was it was stretching a little bit there but we'll let you take what you buy from that but.
David West: I think in sort of this overview, a lot of the early magnetism is pre norm Vega what's really, I think, important to sort of zero in is the wide ranging early to late devonian magnetism and again it spreads throughout the origin, so how much of its related to possible right lateral defamation.
David West: There again, you bet Piper and Ian hilda brands models for new models for acadian tectonics are certainly provocative and and I think what really needs to happen is.
David West: More detailed studies of these rocks within this devonian age span across the belt, to try to get more details of how these might vary what may be related to to perhaps you know norm big activity or not so that's that's kind of the main thrust of this an overview.
David West: So i'll just leave you with this this slide.
David West: again.
David West: sheila was just a tremendous.
David West: You know influence, and you know tremendous legacy of work along the coast of maine and, as I dug into a work I just gained more and more respect and.
David West: didn't even realize that she had done so much work out West and process related work so it's just just a fantastic legacy and i'm just happy I got to work with her spend time with her own field trips and at conferences and.
David West: And thank you again Dave gibson and Chris cody is for hosting this session will be happy to answer any questions if you have any.
dgibson: Access to.
Chris Koteas: The Dave Thank you.
dgibson: Oh.
Douglas Reusch: Okay, if I ask a question, or do you have time.
Chris Koteas: yep go ahead.
Douglas Reusch: Doug farmington.
Chris Koteas: yep you want to comment on what happens to the north.
Douglas Reusch: To the South West.
Douglas Reusch: After it leaves maine and new Hampshire.
David West: No, not really.
David West: been speculating on that for years, and certainly view.
David West: If you look at events papers papers, she she could probably comment more on that than I do, because she's been working down in that area, and you know.
David West: That norm bag of volume that Ellen London and I put together in their early late 80s early 1990s.
David West: Chris hepburn and art Goldstein how to papers speculating on what might be happening to the south, so i'll punt on that, if the vet wants to chime in on it, she she can she's more qualified to to discuss sort of Southwestern extensions of that.
Yvette D Kuiper: Okay, I do I scratch my head over a wonderful summer and then add a master students go out with Emily gentry and say go find it and she couldn't find it like it ends.
Yvette D Kuiper: And that this is what sparked this crazy subscription model this for spreading which model because that explains why wouldn't be there in Massachusetts and why he can have production going on at the same time, convergence.
Yvette D Kuiper: So that's what sparked the whole model, but it looks really hard it's because I thought I had to be somewhere.
Yvette D Kuiper: But it's not there.
Bill Burton: By they speak up bill Burton, we are working in the southern new Hampshire around the master basic complex and Mike del rey was involved with this we found some pretty late cheer zones and I was trying to tie them into.
Bill Burton: The norm Vega but they and they beard off to the West so they're going trending more do Southwest rather than kind of North West and and there's courts veining involved, so it was it was a late trans intentional kind of thing, and I think that's where I would look, if you want to.
Bill Burton: see where it might go.
Yvette D Kuiper: You know how old others.
Bill Burton: Well, the.
Bill Burton: Pig I mean the master basic itself course has a very long history, but we think these rocks were late these false which are again kind of trance intentional with courts veining.
Bill Burton: We we think they spit we speculate they may be allegheny and age.
Yvette D Kuiper: yeah so that there are some sheer zones that I did on the new orientation or don't fit in.
Yvette D Kuiper: This this year sense in new Hampshire and that much as users.
Bill Burton: it's not real exposed where we were work we are doing, you know one to 24,000 napping but that's where I would look I would look on the North side of the of the massive basic complex.
Yvette D Kuiper: yeah maybe Maybe I should sometime I don't I don't think Emily made it this far, which i'm not sure.
Yvette D Kuiper: I don't have a hard time finding out there yeah.
Chris Koteas: Right well I hate to cut off the conversation but we're going to move on, and I hope that you all will stick around for a little bit Dave, thank you for a lovely talk really appreciate it.
Chris Koteas: So can we in in an invite you.
Chris Koteas: Your home very camp.
Joop Varekamp: So let me see if I can get this thing going here.
Chris Koteas: Otherwise, I can I can put up your recorded talk if.
Joop Varekamp: I am going to do the recorded talk, let me see here we are, so the pleasure to be in a session I met sheila at meetings at posters over students but i've never been out in the field with her.
Joop Varekamp: We going from 300 million year rocks in New England deepen the crust to 30,000 year old rocks and a volcano in Greece so.
Joop Varekamp: Here we go and please let me know if you all right it's a pleasure to be part of this symposium in honor of sheila semen, and I want to talk about a small volcano in in Greece, and let me set up my screen here.
so nice Ross is present in the door, the Canary Islands in Greece and isn't small explosive artful keno was ample evidence for magma mixing.
Douglas Reusch: i'm you're very came from wesleyan University in Connecticut.
dgibson: So here we have Greece Aegean Sea, and this is the Hellenic Oracle is Center rainy and me loss and a nice Ross is found here all the way on the eastern side of the 30th water.
dgibson: or talk a little bit about yali and cause island and all of this is the result of the African plates abducting maury regime play, and this is the trace of the Ark.
And i'll take you to the island, of course, first, where we have the cost was so tough about hundred 60,000 years old, which left a large Caldera here, and you didn't see lots of seismic activity and on the rim of that Caldera we find the island of Nice Ross.
Again, here we ever called there are trace it was nice Ross about eight kilometers in diameter and there is a central Caldera now here we have the island of Dr Lee which is made out of.
realistic and promises that are almost crystal free that back on that the base of.
Nice or others made out of that allows and blogger nights and then the small strategy volcano evolved when it came above water and evolved into some more.
Day sides there are lots of small volume and then the whole thing was covered with what we call the three no magnetic complex and.
We find out here again vidyo soil on top, and now, this is the stuff we're going to talk about if the lower pumice is an air full layer in the upper plumbers, which are surges and small flows here and there now little leg breakfast with lots of Masonic rocks and science walk.
Here we have the trace of the Caldera and then here, we got the nikiya flow, so we have the lower themis that was her up to.
Go lyrical that and then the Nicky Allah flow came out that was followed by the upper promise, and then the postal dear I don't skills article there and as well spilled over.
This is that majestic lava flow of nikiya that has these mythical inclusion small round balls of matrix stuff sold them a larger with the concentric structure so have quench rams.
And that is what we will be talking about, we also see evidence for MAC my mixing in the promises that bows in and specimen and enlarge the lumps in the field, and all of those ends up with a very heavily.
dotted matrix inclusions in a post called the are gone so we have up to 40% of mythic blobs in a realistic host.
And the texture see we got some farmland crystals or send them either in size and here we find almost no lives crystals could be kind of a question for Mr vironment here, we got a.
zone of more may fit crystals in one of the promises and then a regular payments right, this could be a cluster of.
crystals that came out of the magma chamber, it could be a magnetic may fit inclusion of come back to that and then here we have yali island about hundred 40 meters of crystal free realistic glass and.
Only the top 15 meters show some evidence of high calcium pleasured less crystals, which is the bottom of the magma Chamber suggesting that some interactions and more amazing magma was taking place.
So we got three cycles lower partners explosions follow back on there I call ups, followed by the Nikki Bella but we're palmer's explosions Caldera collapse was called their own homes and then the alley premises, followed by the obsidian domes.
Its the cycle one or two units that have all these methods inclusions and we're interested in the relations between the host between the metric inclusions and between the host and America conclusions.
and would like to know what is the source of those solicit nightmares so we're not occurring in the pre call their office and suddenly came pouring out of this volcano.
The two thermos units are two to three kilometer guns rock equivalent each which is roughly the same as the size of the Caldera it's about 567 kilometer.
mineralogy of the variety sides pleasure clays also piercing iron oxide it's rare Horn blending client or vaccines which we interpreted.
As you know, Chris from the magnetic inclusions which have foreign land weinberg seem pleasure close oxide.
occasional all of in but then again we find corroded large budget lasers and also Eric scenes which is you know, Chris derived from the host So it goes both ways, and here we got an example of.
The texture of a mythic inclusion with homeland crystals legislators needles and now we see those big zinio Chris of pleasure class was totally corroded have multiple cores which look a lot, like the crystals in the host parameters.
And this is a bicycle as composition diagram is calcium sodium potassium and 30 to 45% and northside, these are the big crystals in.
The bonuses and then the metric inclusion go up to 90% or higher, but we also find crystals of that composition within the host is a frequency diagram, these are the big crystals which is this group here and then these are the metric inclusions but, as many here we find.
Little tiny needles and walking crystals and have more calcium risk opposition included in the host.
The blue is the host throughout isn't included, so it is about hundred 70 micro proper analysis and show that mutual hybridization spec.
Looking at about composition, the lower premises are the most evolved high and silly guy and potassium they were followed by the nuclear lava flow.
Less evolved, then the upper premises is domain here, and then the post go there, I don't and you can see, already big hybridisation tale that goes to RT inclusions that we found in the dorms and.
These are similar to many pre call their Aha So these are truly the magma and not Platonic crystal rich things, these are.
Similar to lava that it were up at earlier, these are the inclusions in the Nicky Allah has while the inclusions in the lower and upper panels a slightly more evolved, these are the proponents once the lower peninsula.
Looking at a trace element like strontium versus silica it happens that the inclusions in the dorms are very strongly and rich, we have also allows in the pre call there are sequence.
That are strontium rich very similar, these are physical hybrids, we can see both components was the naked eye, and now we got this big tail of hybridization.
and similar for the purpose that mixes with its own they inclusions and all our partners that mixes with its own inclusions and the alley rocks.
are lower and strontium than any of those.
We separated the glasses from the bonuses and there's somewhat surprising finding is that the upper premises within blog.
are more or less evolved then lower bonuses have more silica rate to class and the lower peninsula and coming close to the yali composition.
When we look at strontium versus silica is lattices still are somewhat away from reality glasses, which are more depleted in the strontium and, if you take those classes me throw the positive pleasure closes in all the strontium we get to build a composition and then the.
binary mixing with the inclusion on top of that.
We can make many binary diagrams and showed his binary mixing you can take Ruby and versus barium draconian buddha's whatever you want them.
Here plants are Connie and roses barium and actually, that was a surprise, we have here the mobile commerce and Nikki airflow your propellers.
was called they are gnomes this is time this is this photograph of succession, and you can see that we go from 275 ppl of their calling him in the lower palaces 250 ppm in your glass of the upper farmers and.
That is the trend that we see, and if we want to see it in conjunction with jolene that even goes to about 150 and draconian.
This is unrelated to make my mixing, so this is saturation of zero con that takes the draconian out as well as we have in him and I opium.
And we chose solar patterns and that was crystallization prior to the realization which overlays this trend, with binary mixing which is lower premises inclusions Lou to blue or red to wrap.
So that is fundamentally different observation that happened deep, possibly in the lower crystal domain.
So we go from early to the later stage right to decide to become less silica but as enrich each house magma has distinct metric inclusions imager and trace elements and isotopes.
compositional range and each unit results from the binary mixing with its own inclusion sleep virtually no inheritance or overlap.
There is no simple parent daughter relationship my closest in fractional crystallization between the inclusions and the host.
And it's recording him half a million Trent is independent of the binary mixing mixing trend, but that's what we got.
A quick look and micro profile analysis of the glasses, the lower classes or less evolved and the upper pamela's glasses and then the League last have even more evolved.
And this is not a result of crystallization of graduate classes, because the classes are also Richard and kelsey and the lower classes.
Here we have a look at the lower pumice we find a big pleasure class crystals in the glasses was the bubbles.
But 80% glass and about 15 16% plans in place and you ever promises we do find a lot more of those big budget, please grant.
Do glass is more silica rich book there's less so I got roots and this, then we have about 65% last but 30% legislate explaining this and.
More or less evolved character of the molecule and and that still is further and contaminated with hybridization was the matrix include.
going to isotope space strontium neodymium the metric inclusions have this domain, well, of course, Ryan dices the size of this domain.
Is are the inclusions in the nicki allows us some overlap with lava flows, here we have the lower palaces again or lava flow it overlaps with their composition, these are the Dome inclusions nice tight little bundle from which we can calculate the maximum line to the pure host.
Post copyright on we could take the lower palmer's glass and we mix it with some of these inclusion materials and we could generate an intermediate one The other thing is, we find on you want to inclusion in our powers of plots in this field, all the other ones flood close to.
Your host rocks and that suggests that this may fit clients are most likely clusters of crystals that were derived by crystallization from this magma.
Some of the pre Caldera lava flows also end up here but important to notice two different and as a topic domains for these two groups of rocks.
and simple way to look at strontium isotopes of one of the strontium makes them a lot line should be linear we take the end.
of our partners glass we throw in some of the matrix inclusions and we got the bill as intermediates again we have the mixing line for the dorms which is close to perfect, but even here, we could take.
nikiya composition at some of the inclusion components and we get an intermediate component so good evidence that that binary mixing occurs in various compositional spaces.
This is my late last their slides to 72462 or four lead first thing to notice and let it stop space that ratio day size of a different field than the inclusions and.
The pre Caldera may 5 lovers plot here some overlap was the inclusions we have one Nikki I inclusion that there's way more primitive that may be one of those early Platonic.
Once the G and lower crust we find here so is not hard to imagine that we take some of these nightmares let them interact with the lower crust or simply melt Hello across and we get.
These radio, this is somebody who had an argument that these nice arose magma are the result of mixing between.
The leaders more mantle and throwing in some Nile delta sediment which is being conducted below Lisa Ross until you would have a mixing array here and.
centering me loss and the older miocene art supposedly have interacted more of its upper crosswalks these are granted blocks that we have a life.
So that is roughly our data, how do we stick this all back into the ground yeah the upper mantle or method aren't mark that is collecting.
In the pre call there a scenario this this magma invaded is magma chamber and fractional crystallization led to the whole sequence of love us for critical there a sequence.
In the meantime, it was heating up here there's lower crust and we create a hot zone but either crystal melting occurs or is magma is an open system evolution.
And forms those right, I say the parts here, and then we speculate that metric i'd make my insurance here in one of those parts mixes with it and pushes the whole thing in this pass through.
Of course i'll make my Chamber where it has a short residents orange blend the crystallization Brazil little kid here, and then we erupt those as, for instance, the lower.
thermoses that is followed by Caldera collapse, while the intrusion here is ongoing there's more interaction between the two magma more inclusions we may have picked up some of the Platonic.
Personal rocks here and stuck them in here, and that is the placement of the nicki love and we can make a similar argument for you ever commerce and post or their.
dorms that another magma invaders and our pod and we have a similar similar to states evolution of performances political there I don't the zero con personalization happened in this domain and was the function of time to over time, more and more jerk on was retained here.
And I think the data slides show the evidence for all is binary mixing this model is, of course, speculative and open to criticism.
So thank you for listening and my collaborators were lorello frank solanki from Italy, George have you lack is from Greece.
And Peter earned his master's thesis on this refers me and he is now a professor in Amsterdam are working with his own there's these students only for us.
Well, Shell again second, these are senior citizens or Wesley and on this Dome he realisation stories is now professor in volcanology at university of Hawaii just wrote a paper in science, on the latest the killer whale eruption.
Chris Koteas: You thanks so much such.
tom spinek: Great.
Chris Koteas: We appreciate that.
Chris Koteas: A talk.
Joop Varekamp: So let me stop sharing here yep.
Joop Varekamp: Am I back live.
Chris Koteas: Yes, you are.
Joop Varekamp: Okay it's a strange listening to yourself, I got no idea why, and it is.
Joop Varekamp: A new experience.
Chris Koteas: So tweet will open up for a moment for some questions.
Chris Koteas: People people have any questions.
Joop Varekamp: This is a project that started in 1983 my first year at wesleyan and over the years, if we were not in Patagonia or in Indonesia, we went back to Greece was another student collected some more data.
Joop Varekamp: And I will retire in three months, and I still hope to put this story together and, like so many other projects that are sitting in drawers and lots of beautiful data, but the final story is not really there.
Chris Koteas: Okay, I guess, we will will push on to some of our our our posters, which should be great.
Chris Koteas: You thanks so much.
Chris Koteas: Alright, so see if we can make this work unless.
Chris Koteas: Dave do you have a better mechanism than than I do otherwise i'm just going to share my screen and.
Chris Koteas: There we go.
Chris Koteas: Okay.
Chris Koteas: let's get this gone.
Chris Koteas: There he post your introduction.
Chris Koteas: introduction to our poster.
Chris Koteas: Sorry buddy.
Chris Koteas: Hello everyone, thank you for being here in this presentation is work is a collaboration between the ribs similar he can have the University of Costa Rica and southern.
Chris Koteas: State University, first of all it's important to describe the tectonic science of the areas today, which is within the archipelago of the.
Chris Koteas: Canary Islands.
Chris Koteas: hero is the youngest island did at one point 12 million years and is located in the western part of this.
Chris Koteas: Is a Shell volcano in its early stage of development generated by mantle upwelling the rights from the Canadian hospital.
Chris Koteas: Here the most race interruptions have been associated with efficient fletcher systems related touristy which allows magma to easily right to the surface say call me yeah you have been modified by three males lights, which removes the southwest south east and northern flank of the island.
Chris Koteas: Here we analyze the shape and distribution of wickedness features in an attempt to infer the orientation of the original stress field.
Chris Koteas: has been previously fine in other settings such.
Sara Mana: Please, you have interrupted the audio of the poster by putting yourself in mute.
Mike Williams: Chris if you can hear me, I think you can make that little window full screen, so we can see what's being pointed at while she's talking and I think you have to unmute yourself.
Mike Williams: In the lower right corner of it there's a little full screen indicator that comes up when you hover over and see that little thing with four arrows.
dgibson: At the bottom right Chris.
Mike Williams: Now, at the bottom right of the little window.
Mike Williams: right down there there's four dots.
Sara Mana: You also need to unmute yourself, though.
Mike Williams: Chris if you can hear this weekend, while you're muted.
Chris Koteas: is observed a similar response data for the whole island, as mentioned before.
Chris Koteas: thousand 450 meters and it's set up is maintained in the duration in the axis of the columns there are some clusters, where it's like trends can be observed, which correspond to a more local phenomenon within the island, however, these orientations are not consistent across the island.
Chris Koteas: With the data we get we conclude that there is no over preferential trend within the clusters generated 1450 meters in nerve or distance certain trends are absurd that doesn't appear to be seeing other regional scale.
Chris Koteas: we're looking at the allegation of the mechanic features, with a higher confidence level nonrational orientation is absurd, either.
Chris Koteas: These results indicate that although magnetism other hero has been related to written the later stage of activity, represented by the I don't like to expose it comes into me as a Tropic.
Chris Koteas: hands the decompression generates efficient pathways for the month month to migrate towards the surface, without constraining that orientation of the ballot practice that are explored by fear dykes.
Chris Koteas: it's possible that large landslides disrupting the morphology of earlier up Okay, no effect or ability to identify won't connect lineaments dirt did extensive material volumes barrymore's.
Chris Koteas: Thank you for your attention.
Chris Koteas: Hello everyone, thank you for being here in this presentation is work is a collaboration between the red similar he can.
Chris Koteas: Of the University of Costa Rica and Sam State University, first of all it's important to describe the tectonic science of the areas today, which is within the archipelago of the Canary Islands.
Chris Koteas: Is the youngest island did at one point 12 million years and is located in what.
Chris Koteas: We can restart that entire conversation, and if that is better for everyone and i'm sorry for that.
Chris Koteas: Sarah.
Chris Koteas: Sarah Can you give us a sense of things that we might have missed.
Sara Mana: Oh, I think my student Cora it was gonna introduce the presentation, thank you for asking.
Chris Koteas: i'm so sorry for the for the way that that turned out.
Cora Van Hazinga: All right, my name is Carter fan hasn't got the graduate students in GIs at Salem State University and I worked.
Cora Van Hazinga: On this project with students from the University of Costa Rica and Salem State University i'm super short, like my colleague Andrea described in the video.
Cora Van Hazinga: We studied the extremes with volcanic features found on LP arrow the youngest volcano the youngest volcanic island in the Canary Islands.
Cora Van Hazinga: Using Google earth and lidar imagery we mapped and analyzed all the exclusive volcanic features found on the island.
Cora Van Hazinga: We did hierarchical clustering based on your neighbor distance in matlab and we did geospatial analysis and qe G is.
Cora Van Hazinga: pretty much long long story short, there is no clear preferential trend with the extensive volcanic features there's a wide range of orientations in the long access of oval shaped features and in the near angles between features.
Cora Van Hazinga: The cones that we analyze represent the later stages of activity.
Cora Van Hazinga: The decompression probably generated efficient pathways for the magma to migrate towards the surface, without constraining the orientation.
Cora Van Hazinga: Of the developed fractures that are exploited by those feeder dice um I could talk about this whole lot and I know we're short on time so feel free to send an email or asking the chat if you have any more questions.
Chris Koteas: Thanks so much really appreciate that.
Chris Koteas: Excellent work really interesting.
Chris Koteas: really interesting, and so I hope that people will put something in the chat or send send Cora an email directly, so that we can keep track on time okay.
Chris Koteas: Thanks.
Chris Koteas: Hello everyone, and thank you for coming to my presentation, my name is shawn Thompson and I am a senior from the geological science department at Salem State University, the topic, I will be presenting today is on the morphology.
Volcanic.
Chris Koteas: The area that the study focuses on.
Sara Mana: These you're not sharing your screen right now.
Chris Koteas: After and is comprised of two main false eastern and western.
Chris Koteas: The banner deplete movement in this causes going to two newest extension Australia allows us to thin in her monitor medical cannabis to form.
Chris Koteas: monitor medic fields are important to the study, because it allows the observation of each cones morphology.
Chris Koteas: Without worrying for defamation or distortion errors occurring from the further eruptions in the southern part of the Eastern branch lives multiple genetic field, including I have any hills looking at south east of like turkana and.
Chris Koteas: Nine many hills as a shield volcano surrounded by explosive features such as marketers and score.
Chris Koteas: These exclusive volcanic features, can help to infer type locations and orientations by mapping and analyzing possible many events, as well as the long axis of each feature.
Chris Koteas: By defining where dikes occur in the subsurface we can surmise a greater understanding of the regional extension of stress commonly called.
Chris Koteas: Overall, this can further our comprehension of the full structure and the East African drip system and warm future studies.
Chris Koteas: I began my study by using Google earth pro to identify and map the explosive features such as traders.
Chris Koteas: In order to identify each feature several tools were put to use such as the elevation until to.
Chris Koteas: To further confirm the feature a hill shape layer is also utilize when the data is converted into our GIs pro.
Chris Koteas: With a Polygon tool, a white belt line is drawn around each corner creators original boundary of where the features didn't before version occur.
Chris Koteas: Once all the features are mapped in the Google earth pro pack they were then converted into our GIs files for further processing.
Chris Koteas: In our J s shaped files are then processed with the minimum boundary geometry tool which encloses the Polygon outline rectangle to obtain the long and short axes of the shape.
Chris Koteas: measurements are all taken in meters in a ratio is created from dividing along access for the short access to be used for liability.
Chris Koteas: There are two parts of cones reliability confidence level in the long or short access ratio.
Chris Koteas: Before the long axis orientation of each column is inputted into the stereo net program It is further process for its reliability.
Chris Koteas: The purpose of reliability is to make the shapes data more quantitative rather than qualitative which also allows it to be less subjective.
Chris Koteas: For starters, when the polygons are being math they are sorted into three classes call confidence levels.
Chris Koteas: Each class identifies how dependable each outline is based on what the Code has prominent elevation Lee and emotional and.
Chris Koteas: The ranking for each class labels one is having a high confidence Level two is intermediate in three as well.
Chris Koteas: Then features that possess confidence levels ranking one or two are cross reference with the features that also have a long short access ratio greater than 1.2.
Chris Koteas: which shows a location any comb that means both reliability standards gets processed for long axis orientation to produce a diagram.
Chris Koteas: to indicate lineaments with data on your angle tools first used in our GIs and originally produces your degrees oriented as an Eastern direction, so I wanted to ask.
Chris Koteas: The Near ankle tool describes the orientation of the path taken to the next year's Code, the paths move from one comm Center X, Y position to the next.
Chris Koteas: Then the orientation and each path is processed in the staring at program to produce a near angle rose diagram.
Chris Koteas: 71 comes along access diagram shows a means after a 14.3 degrees plus or minus 9.6 degrees, which indicates that Mike madigan true just propagate.
Chris Koteas: Along the same orientation for the 341 cones collected in the linear rate rose diagram a similar orientation was given at about 21 degrees.
Chris Koteas: Overall, this results in an existential orientation of about 140 degrees a previous study and the mega volcanic field you'll get a summer orientation value of 16 degrees as well, thank you so much for your time.
Chris Koteas: Dave are you there.
dgibson: Yes, Chris yeah.
Chris Koteas: um I think you have to take over i'm afraid that.
Chris Koteas: i'm locked out.
dgibson: Oh sure okay.
Rebekah Kennedy: If that's easier, I could just share my screen and play my poster oh no it looks like you have it.
Okay.
Chris Koteas: Rebecca i'm so sorry um I don't have much of an introduction for you, but.
Chris Koteas: you're gonna give us a sense of elegant and tectonics in western Connecticut set true.
Rebekah Kennedy: That is absolutely true.
Chris Koteas: Right, so you have the screen.
Rebekah Kennedy: If you want to minimize that actually I use the slide tool i'm making my presentation.
Chris Koteas: As well on key to understanding, otherwise hidden allegheny Western Connecticut.
Chris Koteas: Rebecca.
Chris Koteas: yep okay i'm looking at your poster would you like to just.
Chris Koteas: Just chat with us or.
Rebekah Kennedy: It looks like you had it I think my main if it's easier and I can just chat with you guys, but I think if you hit play let's see if it works.
Chris Koteas: Okay let's try it.
Chris Koteas: The pinewood Adam la is a surprisingly varied intrusion with the numerous complex cross cutting structures and it's key to understanding, otherwise hidden allegheny information at Western Connecticut.
Chris Koteas: The atom la is the only map scale alligators nutrition and Western Connecticut and is almost entirely contained within quickbooks and beach memorial town parks have trouble oh.
Rebekah Kennedy: My partner, just to minimize my video Chris.
Chris Koteas: is located northwest of the pinewood MLA and host topaz in Florida.
Rebekah Kennedy: Thank you.
Chris Koteas: dad and delight, which also contains accessory fluoride forms align trending Northwest with old mind park and two other non fully edited intrusions.
Chris Koteas: Before this study, there has been little to no detailed mapping or characterization of this body, since the 1968 quadrangle report completed by William Crawley.
Chris Koteas: This intrusion hosts large variety of cross cutting structures which include various stakes quotes veins faults and joints.
Chris Koteas: The picture shown here include an athletic thank alone one mantels by pigmentation and pigmentation a command handled by athlete and courts veins with accessory felt Spartan muscovite.
Chris Koteas: athlete it's relatively rare in the intrusion, while pigmentation corns fans are quite abundant.
Chris Koteas: or false the current they are always accompanied by strict muscovite walls and sometimes include strict courts these pictures highlight only a few of the different variations of cross cutting structures found in the animal like.
Chris Koteas: This graph shows one set of trace elements your chemical data with granted classifications for peers and others 1984.
Chris Koteas: The majority of the samples plot within the sin conditional granted designation, but some fall into within plate granites this division may prove to be related to magma evolution during cooling, where the intrusion is in greater contact with the host rock.
Chris Koteas: The MLA not only has a huge variety of cross cutting structures, but a significant variation in kinetic texture as well.
Chris Koteas: The intrusion ranges from about equal green one millimeter Granite to variable grain sizes generally two to five millimeters in diameter.
Chris Koteas: The photo micro graphs below were all taken across polarized light at the same magnification in order to highlight these different grains sizes and textures.
Chris Koteas: These stereotypes compile field measurements of the different structures found in the animal like.
Chris Koteas: The first shows pegging tactics which I randomly oriented, the second shows the contour Poles courts fans.
Chris Koteas: The third shows the content pulls a faults and the final stereo that shows the contoured poles of joints.
Chris Koteas: Points means faults and joints clearly exhibit similar preferred orientations, all of which trend about Northwest there is a subtle northward shift between these basic data sets from courts veins at about 310 degrees two joints and about 335 degrees.
Chris Koteas: temperature time curve derived for the country rock and Western Connecticut from 500 I made a president includes the acadian and allegheny erogenous.
Chris Koteas: The existing fabric in the streets just post rock to the pinewood out of my life is acadian and origin, as you can see that point to on this diagram.
Chris Koteas: A pilot data modeling is shown at point three, with amount as they age of 291 ma and the crystallization temperature of 1700 degrees.
Chris Koteas: The atom la mineral veins that old mind park and other non full eight and Trojans are the only apparent allegheny and structure in western Connecticut.
Chris Koteas: As the acadian fabric and bedrock regionally was not overwritten labeled with red arrows are the relative positions of each group of structure is found in the atom Li.
Chris Koteas: These diagrams show the inferred orientation of shortening and extension associated with Lee allegheny compression.
Chris Koteas: The trend of the three intrusions orientation of topaz and flora veins at all my park and cross cutting structures in the animal I all correspond to Northwest southeast shortening with north east, south west extension.
Chris Koteas: The correlation of sexual orientations, as well as the occurrence of fluoride at both old mine park and in the LM MLA strongly suggest in allegheny and magnetic hydrothermal structure.
Chris Koteas: The preliminary geochemical data suggests that there may be some zoning and Adam la possibly due to contact with the host rock.
Chris Koteas: This trend will be examined further with other trace element data major element to chemical analysis and map development with GIs these data could help constrain the temple and geographic extent of contact metamorphosis.
Chris Koteas: The structures in the atom la correspond to the overall trend between the intrusions and the mineral Vance at old my park.
Chris Koteas: The good agreement between these orientations allows a confident discernment of the Northwest southeast shortening direction and north east, south west extension during the allegheny or rajini and Western Connecticut.
Rebekah Kennedy: So thanks everyone for sticking around for the last presentation of this session and I just wanted to take a second to verbally acknowledge.
Rebekah Kennedy: My mentor and co author Bob winch my academic advisor at uconn Dr thorson and also the htc Billings fun and the geological society of Connecticut for granting me funds for this project and if anyone has any questions, let me know.
Bill Burton: hey Rebecca bill Burton here thanks a lot for the presentation what so what could you just talk a little about the.
Bill Burton: fabrics in the blue Tang relative to the regional defamation like this, not doesn't seem very fully aged or anything right.
Rebekah Kennedy: yeah there is little to no affiliation within the flu time.
Rebekah Kennedy: A little bit around the edges, especially really close to the contact with the host Doc we start seeing a little bit of delineation with some bio tight and muscovite.
Rebekah Kennedy: that's a lot of mixing it's not typical of the rest of the body and certainly as you get towards the Center there's virtually no affiliation.
Bill Burton: But a little on the margins are saying.
Rebekah Kennedy: yeah we have some interesting pictures on the Northern edge of the futon where it looks more like a shared magnetite than it does a Granite.
Bill Burton: So, most of the defamation occurred three intrusion.
Rebekah Kennedy: Yes, like I said the host rock was entirely printed by the acadian originate wasn't over printed at all in western Connecticut by the allegheny and.
Rebekah Kennedy: And this body doesn't look like has been really squished at all after that okay.
Rebekah Kennedy: Thank you yeah.
Ian Hillenbrand: cool hey thanks for the really interesting talk, do you have any constraints on how deeply.
The depth, that was the plutonium ISM and pleased.
Rebekah Kennedy: not really well yet that's something we're looking to explore a little bit more especially once I get some bulk rock major element data on this.
Rebekah Kennedy: And we can look at that a little bit further, but it had to be pretty deep.
Jean Crespi: Oh cool however Rebecca i'm sorry I missed this and you said it in your poster was paying attention, though.
Jean Crespi: Do you how do you know the relative ages of the courts veins the faults in the joints.
Rebekah Kennedy: yeah so we see a couple of cross cutting relationships they're not super abundant but i've definitely seen courts veins cutting magnetite, for example, and then the rest is kind of inferred by mineral cooling temperatures.
Rebekah Kennedy: And relative grain size, especially when it gets to like APP like dykes versus tegmental dykes.
Jean Crespi: Okay, thank you.
yeah.
Yvette D Kuiper: Question you're saying that's a yellow gaining motion is towards the Northwest space in your data.
Yvette D Kuiper: fits with.
Yvette D Kuiper: The West device, for instance in the narragansett basin like in the narragansett based on the avalanche rain they're all the shows and timing structures that we just wish wish wish to emotion you think.
yeah.
Rebekah Kennedy: it's definitely interesting because this is very different from what you see further Eastern Connecticut where it does look like you know, a very well defined Northwest trending compression.
Rebekah Kennedy: And like I showed a little bit in the stereo notes, you can kind of see that there might have been a slight degree of rotation.
Rebekah Kennedy: And you also have to consider that this whole time we're thinking is a little bit towards the later side of the allegheny and around money so.
Rebekah Kennedy: You know, and I was listening to some talks earlier today, and they were talking about some seismic data and other ports veins that they think might be allegheny and in the region.
Rebekah Kennedy: I think the more people start to look at this, the more evidence there's going to be for this Northwest direction that really wasn't seen before, because, like I said everything else in eastern Connecticut is acadian.
Yvette D Kuiper: Thank you.
Chris Koteas: Okay, so Rebecca I.
Chris Koteas: think that that was a great poster.
Chris Koteas: And I will also say that we have we have evidence of.
Chris Koteas: relatively young.
Chris Koteas: defamation in Vermont.
Chris Koteas: Alright, so I think you're chasing you're chasing a good good problem here.
Rebekah Kennedy: And i'm saying to get the feeling um yeah.
Chris Koteas: I would love to I would love to find some correlations.
Chris Koteas: So um, can I ask one question.
Chris Koteas: What you've been seeing because I know we're seeing up here, and you know, so I know we have a couple of days, but when you're looking at the.
Chris Koteas: At the structures, specifically are there are there, minerals, that you can identify that you think it can actually do you see sort of defamation within specific mineral phases, that we might be able to.
Chris Koteas: To to work on, I mean i'm just curious are there phases that might track this better than others.
Rebekah Kennedy: I definitely think so, and when we're talking about the Cross cutting structures in the body that I think is going to be the key to that because, like I said when you see these faults, the muscovite is shared out to in some places 10 centimeter long crystals which is pretty incredible.
Rebekah Kennedy: And I think you know small plug for tomorrow, Maurice is giving a talk of mine Park, specifically in the mineral veins there and I think that correlation is going to be very, very strong um so if that kind of answers your question, I think.
Chris Koteas: That helps me a lot.
Chris Koteas: yeah yeah I think i've also made bill Burton uncomfortable but he he he already is he's been frustrated me for years about my mapping so bill.
Chris Koteas: I see young ages in Vermont are you want to comment on that at all.
Chris Koteas: they'll turn your MIC on.
Chris Koteas: To Mike and again bill.
Chris Koteas: should turn over time.
Bill Burton: up there i'll pop to Greg.
Bill Burton: I don't I haven't worked in Vermont and 25 years.
All right.
Chris Koteas: Well Rebecca really curious.
Rebekah Kennedy: it'll be something to keeping into i'm surprised, no one's really looked at this.
Chris Koteas: You got a cool problem, this is.
Chris Koteas: My fun great poster.
Rebekah Kennedy: Thank you.
Chris Koteas: Alright, so i'm gonna take Rebecca off Rebecca would you uh.
Chris Koteas: Just gonna unsure you.
Hal Bosbyshell: were good.
Rebekah Kennedy: yeah I just see the gallery of people I think we're okay.
Chris Koteas: I think we're good alright, so you only have we only have a few minutes left but.
Chris Koteas: You know i'd love to have.
Chris Koteas: You know, last few minutes of of people chatting about odds and ends, I think we had a great session.
Chris Koteas: hey.
Chris Koteas: What do you think.
dgibson: their profession.
dgibson: I noticed that at one stage, I think we had 70 people listening in so that's pretty damn good now going to be in a full hall at our regular northeast fashion and, of course, why wouldn't it be.
dgibson: No excellent talks super posters today, by the way, excellent posters.
Chris Koteas: Great posters.
Chris Koteas: fully agreed.
Chris Koteas: yeah so if there any other thoughts questions for any of our presenters.
Chris Koteas: I think we'd appreciate it otherwise.
Mike Williams: I wanted to say, thanks to everybody to just for the session in Monterey sheila my background and my view is added Scotia peak in in Arizona, which is one of sheila's favorite places in where some of her ashes are scattered at this point.
Mike Williams: Thanks everybody for great talks and great memories.
Pete: I also wanted to thank everyone for the talks and really great poster sessions I enjoyed the talks and.
Pete: I enjoyed seeing all the things section pictures just beautiful I enjoy that very much and thank you for your tribute to sheila I really appreciate it.
Pete: She was a wonderful sister and friend.
Pete: And a great teacher.
Pete: To me, too, so I really appreciate that all right, thank you.
Chris Koteas: CC thanks so much.
dgibson: Thanks to say.
Chris Koteas: really appreciate that.
Pete: now get upset.
dgibson: it's.
Pete: Wonderful and she would be to be embarrassed by all this, but she she was really brilliant and.
Pete: She had a great sense of humor and a good friend, you know.
dgibson: Talking have a sense of humor can I tell one more story.
Chris Koteas: i'd like to i'd like to hear personally.
Okay.
dgibson: You know that imagine sheila doing this, so last time actually I was out in the field with sheila was November 11 2017 I remember, while.
dgibson: We were up going up to the moxie Pluto on with some i'm happy to do some collecting and the reason I remember it so well, was that was a freezing cold day, then there was snow on the grind.
dgibson: We got up past greenville and we were right on this little peninsula, there was a heightening 50 mile and our when died of the North.
dgibson: And white caps and it looked like the ocean on moose head leg and so we're hammering away, we got our sample literally.
dgibson: If there had you know, one of those infrared cameras on as you could have seen he just being taken away, it was bitterly cold bitterly cold.
dgibson: and highly gail, as I said, so we also back to the bad it gets in the front seat and diversity and she's wearing a coat off and he turns to me and my and says well it's not a very good day for a week.
isn't.
Pete: issue.
dgibson: But.
Pete: that's great.
Also yeah.
yeah.
Chris Koteas: Mike do you.
Chris Koteas: remember this.
Chris Koteas: Though float jackets that we used to use in Canada, all the time.
Mike Williams: That sheila named boat coach.
photo.
Chris Koteas: They are the vote counts.
Chris Koteas: I will never forget the boat codes.
Chris Koteas: They were the best installation that you could get next year sleeping bag was a good boat coat.
Yes.
Chris Koteas: I really appreciate you all being here every every every single one of you.
Chris Koteas: Thank you.
Pete: Thank you.
Hal Bosbyshell: Mike I was wondering if she'll ever spoke of bill very much at all, but I know she's to speak of reach out a lot that I never really heard her speak much about bill.
Mike Williams: Why, I think she at bryn mawr you guys had two semesters of mineralogy isn't that right.
Hal Bosbyshell: And she yeah.
Mike Williams: And I think bill taught one and we taught the other or was that incorrect.
Hal Bosbyshell: it's possible in that at that time yeah.
Mike Williams: And she always loved mineralogy and taught herself, and I think part of it was due to to bill and part of course to reach out to you know she did talk about him and and remembered him really fondly.
Pete: I remember when she'll was going to grandma my parents will go down there we visit her.
Pete: And we go for rides and my parents wanted to know where the property live just take a drive by just to see because it could they were the problems are very popular wishy all fours.
Pete: And she feels like I don't know if we actually went by their house it feels like go go don't let them know where for here, you see, we we embarrassed to us was that was my The funny story er visits yeah.
Pete: But she enjoyed bryn mawr and her teachers, a lot.
Mike Williams: I think she went there thinking, she was going to be an archaeology major.
Mike Williams: ended up as a geology major because of bill, and which have really.
Chris Koteas: wow.
Chris Koteas: that's really cool.
Chris Koteas: I have to admit, the only reason I ended up at umass was be because of sheila um it was.
Chris Koteas: I don't remember exactly what the sporting event was, I think it was a.
Chris Koteas: faulty baseball event.
Chris Koteas: close to the world series when I showed up on campus and there were literally couches burning on the.
Chris Koteas: lawn.
Chris Koteas: And, and I I got into the apartment.
Chris Koteas: And I found this perfectly thoughtful person that I got to interact with.
Chris Koteas: Who convinced me that I could get a PhD that I could really do a like a really cool product set of projects.
Chris Koteas: And then she let me have the flexibility to do a whole bunch of different things, in fact, the only reason I ended up in maine was not because sheila said that I should it's because she gave me the flexibility to to go there.
Chris Koteas: And it happened to be a place that she worked.
Chris Koteas: was really pretty amazing.
Chris Koteas: Really pretty amazing.
Chris Koteas: and
Chris Koteas: I don't think that there's a better encapsulation of a great Professor than someone who gives you that level of flexibility.
Chris Koteas: And she didn't.
Chris Koteas: She didn't.
Chris Koteas: And I miss her.
yeah.
Joop Varekamp: So I may do a little bit of recruiting for our session tomorrow, which is the other symposium in this case in memory of yellow the bore.
Joop Varekamp: guide about.
Joop Varekamp: Five years ago now, and it's pretty well known and Union geology tomorrow morning at eight o'clock we'll get going and we'll do the whole morning.
Joop Varekamp: session was former students of his and I give an introduction about his life and career at eight o'clock in the morning, but from then on it's all former students who give stories mainly about the dikes and flows in in Connecticut but also tectonic story, so you have a chance stop by.
Chris Koteas: Thank you.
Chris Koteas: awesome.
RISE GSA Staff: Heather: was just gonna say, since we still have time.
RISE GSA Staff: Heather: um I was originally placed as a temp working in the office of geoscience fryman at umass and.
RISE GSA Staff: Heather: During that time Mike and sheila and Chris and laurie and lots of other people, but mainly miking chillin Chris and laurie noticed.
RISE GSA Staff: Heather: Somehow got out of me that my undergraduate degree was in geology from Smith and encouraged me to go back to Grad school, and so I was chillin my master's advisor.
RISE GSA Staff: Heather: And then, this guy came to work with Mike and Mike and the micro probe from Switzerland, and so there was this class, I was in the greatest Pilates class with sheila among other classes and we had a field trip to vinalhaven and.
RISE GSA Staff: Heather: She I think of sheila as not just my master's advisor but also a friend and kind of a matchmaker because she can tell, I think that I liked this guy.
RISE GSA Staff: Heather: And I said, can he come on the field trip to vinalhaven.
RISE GSA Staff: Heather: for no reason he was not in the class, and you know sheila was like, why not absolutely bring them bring them with us, and so we went on that field trip to buy on human and he.
RISE GSA Staff: Heather: hung around with us and looked at all the rocks and it was a great field trip and and I also got my worst coffee ever for the vending machine.
So.
RISE GSA Staff: Heather: Yes, the field trip was awesome that went history that that was the worst we told him not to get the coffee from the vending machine.
RISE GSA Staff: Heather: It was at the ferry station, you know before you go to one of those things where you put $1 in the machine and the machine has like like a poker hand on the bottom that's appropriate whatever but yeah it was terrible coffee but anyway, so I think I think of sheila has kind of.
RISE GSA Staff: Heather: This we are on anecdotes there is also a kind of a funny one back in 2009 I was just barely six months into my postdoc at umass arriving.
RISE GSA Staff: Heather: And we went, if you remember my aquarium so we went to agu in December, I think, on our return trip we couldn't go back home easily and we got stuck in Las Vegas Do you remember, Chris.
RISE GSA Staff: Heather: She and I were remembering the best place to get the burrito because I should say also in the field when we went in Canada.
RISE GSA Staff: Heather: Whenever we are coming back or dinner lunch was rather burrito and so and the burrito was really something that Mike and sheila were really excited about in less in Las Vegas and there was this place, I was looking back at my photos I think affiliate affiliate post so.
Chris Koteas: It does.
RISE GSA Staff: Heather: Yes, yes, we had such a great night tonight.
Mike Williams: We couldn't remember where it was, I think we had to call Chris or someone.
Chris Koteas: Well, I mean i'll have to admit that the only reason that my.
Chris Koteas: My wife and I met.
Chris Koteas: was because of sheila so talk about matchmaker.
Chris Koteas: So.
Chris Koteas: On and I met in the in the microbe lab thanks to sheila and I think that Mike and Mike Jay might have had something to do with them, but.
Chris Koteas: But yeah alright so she was able to marry off two of us.
RISE GSA Staff: Heather: And we finished our.
RISE GSA Staff: Heather: it's a win, win.
RISE GSA Staff: Heather: And now I work for GSA.
Chris Koteas: yeah we really appreciate that.
RISE GSA Staff: Heather: Well, I enjoy it i'm glad I can I can work for cheat and say.
Chris Koteas: Everyone, I appreciate this so much.
Chris Koteas: I can't even tell you how much I think that I speak for Dave but Dave can speak up as well um.
Chris Koteas: When we were hoping to have this session, we were so excited about highlighting the legacy of of sheila's work.
Chris Koteas: Which is really quite manifold.
Chris Koteas: and
Chris Koteas: I learned I learned from the work that she gave me every day.
Chris Koteas: I really do terms of my research experience couldn't have asked for a better mentor.
Chris Koteas: So um thanks for you all for participating in this, and I really greatly appreciate it.
RISE GSA Staff: Heather: She was a great scientist, I made a session I think it's a proof of.
RISE GSA Staff: Heather: The continue to you for what.
dgibson: Well, said.
Chris Koteas: Thanks Julia.
LeeAnn Srogi: And i'll just say I really appreciate that you guys organize this and hosted this for northeast GSA because one of the places I was able to see and connect with sheila over the years was at northeast GSA.
LeeAnn Srogi: And I always look forward to that I would always look up you know what session, she was in and make sure that we connected.
LeeAnn Srogi: Usually at the party, the on the welcoming party and so being able to come to even a virtual GSA and see everybody and talk about it just makes it feel a little more bearable, because it would have been really lonely it is really funny so thank you.
Chris Koteas: well.
Chris Koteas: We.
Chris Koteas: missed we missed we missed our good friend and colleague.
Chris Koteas: And so, if anyone else would like to.
Chris Koteas: jump in from on will be lovely.
Pete: This happy to see the younger people their poster sessions that's great and if sheila can.
Pete: inspire that's wonderful.
Pete: Keep that going that's good.
Pete: i'm happy for that.
Chris Koteas: She was a she was a Stacy she was such a wonderful advisor.
Chris Koteas: And P, a p.
it's good to.
Pete: Be back right background.
Chris Koteas: it's a.
Chris Koteas: You know.
Chris Koteas: Part of the legacy that that we haven't talked about.
Chris Koteas: Is the fact that she did a ton for undergraduate research.
Chris Koteas: And you know she inspired you know undergraduates that is not easy to do.
Chris Koteas: I think you know leanne and Dave certainly Mike I mean we can all talk about this kind of thing, but you know, the fact that she had this presence, where she could be a an advisor to a master student in a PhD student and also an undergraduate advisor.
Chris Koteas: way that is not that's not an easy job and also you know convinced Greg du monde and I to load.
Chris Koteas: pegs into the back of my.
Chris Koteas: head so.
Chris Koteas: persuasive yeah.
Chris Koteas: She had a knack for interacting with all of us at so many different levels and.
Chris Koteas: I just I strive to be as cool as she was.
Chris Koteas: She was amazing.
Pete: Oh yeah.
Chris Koteas: So, so we Mister.
Chris Koteas: Mister science and Mr friendship yeah.
Pete: appreciate this.
Chris Koteas: Well it's it's wonderful to see everybody yeah.
dgibson: But you know it was really.
Chris Koteas: One of these days, we can see each other for real.
Chris Koteas: uh Dave yeah.
dgibson: Oh no I was gonna say you know that, and I think I speak for Chris but being able to totally our pleasure to the pit of organizing that we had to do and we didn't have to twist too many arms to get presenters and people to talk about sheila that's for sure.
dgibson: So our pleasure.
Pete: We appreciate it.
Chris Koteas: If you didn't already know.
RISE GSA Staff: Heather: That this session, as well as all the other sessions are being recorded and so there'll be able to you know you'll be able to view it again, if you want, and I think for a year, at least a year there'll be available on the on the website it's actually meeting APP.
Chris Koteas: And I know that we're we're about out of time, but I just did want to ask.
Chris Koteas: i'm.
Chris Koteas: going to put.
Chris Koteas: A.
Chris Koteas: proposal and to GSA.
Chris Koteas: For women's field geoscience.
Chris Koteas: And I was going to name it and in sheila and Mike and I have not talked about this, but it's something that I had considered.
Chris Koteas: And there are not really many female geoscientists who are field base, who have this incredible link between different types of settings.
Chris Koteas: And I would love to have feedback on it.
Chris Koteas: from everyone.
Chris Koteas: And Mike i'm sorry if I if i'm asking you about this without having talked with you, first, but.
Chris Koteas: I don't think that we have the representation that we need.
Chris Koteas: For female geoscientists who have this incredible link between field and analytical data and great publication records and I think that there are some people in this particular setting the end.
Chris Koteas: But I think that I, I would like to pursue this if you all want to talk with me about it please get in touch okay.
Bill Burton: hey Chris are you talking about a GSA award.
Bill Burton: I am okay yeah.
Bill Burton: That thing because i've been on those committees for years now and.
Bill Burton: Okay, we would welcome any new any new grants or awards, and you can direct it any way you want.
Bill Burton: So you think phil dial it after her career and if you need advice on on that I could I could help you with that i'm not really familiar with her career, but I know i'm aware of the awards because i'm on the research grant committee.
Chris Koteas: So we know what I take advantage of that help, thank you, if you don't mind me reaching out i'll certainly do so thank you.
Chris Koteas: Everyone, this has been a.
Chris Koteas: it's been a great afternoon.
Chris Koteas: I have a whole I have like a half a notebook worth of stuff I have to look at from some of our younger contributor so which is great so um.
Chris Koteas: Thanks so much for spending the time.
Mike Williams: Hello everybody i'm signing off.
dgibson: like to say.
Hal Bosbyshell: To you Mike.
Pete: Thanks so much.
Chris Koteas: Thank you, everybody.
Chris Koteas: really appreciate it.
LeeAnn Srogi: Thank you.
Chris Koteas: Dr gibson it was a it was a pleasure, sir.
dgibson: I was a massive success on your idea, but the award that's a no brainer, in my opinion.
Chris Koteas: I think we can, I think we can do this and it's nice to have bill support which is.
Great.
Chris Koteas: I think that that link between.
Chris Koteas: A very creative field, scientists and someone who does incredible analytical work.
Chris Koteas: I think this is what we need right now.
dgibson: is on the ability to inspire.
Chris Koteas: And she's done that.
dgibson: yeah I mean I was just one of those people that every time you're right in the field, every time you were out of poster with her you learn something.
Chris Koteas: She was so so darn smart and also wonderfully thoughtful and creative.
Chris Koteas: I I like it's very it's very difficult to aspire to be anything more than that.
Chris Koteas: And yes, really did have that knack.
dgibson: I think she probably like the best in us, you know.
Chris Koteas: So.
Chris Koteas: I don't know i'd like to i'd like to.
Chris Koteas: I like to find a way to push on.
dgibson: yep you know yeah.
Chris Koteas: If we have an award in that name um.
Chris Koteas: I think that it's something that other young geosciences can aspire to totally.
Chris Koteas: Totally okay.
dgibson: Excellent.
dgibson: Well, throw at home.
dgibson: yeah here and drink or else.
Chris Koteas: All right, it's a it's a treat to hear.
dgibson: You to listen to this again.
dgibson: Yes, please coming up the summertime and we can make some plans.
Chris Koteas: i'd appreciate that.
dgibson: Come my friend.
Chris Koteas: goodbye see a bit.
bye.