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Phil Resor (he/him): Welcome everybody good morning.

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Phil Resor (he/him): Early risers are.

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Phil Resor (he/him): Some people, maybe even earlier than others.

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Phil Resor (he/him): who use the earliest here.

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Phil Resor (he/him): So, welcome to our session stories in stone and are really poor Tibor and in a minute yelp is gonna in the first presentation really introduced.

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Phil Resor (he/him): Delhi his life and career so i'm not really gonna send anything right now but I guess we'll say a little bit about our planning to run this session.

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Phil Resor (he/him): Because I think that's important right now, so we will plan so each speaker will run their talk off their own screen.

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Phil Resor (he/him): And should also be responsible for timing themselves will set a 15 minute timer that's when you should be wrapping up for questions in 20 minutes is when.

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Phil Resor (he/him): When we pull out the hook, hopefully, I guess, in the digital world, you can actually be even more aggressive with the hook than standing behind the podium, but we hope we don't have to do that.

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Phil Resor (he/him): So will will serve unmute at that point, and remind people if they're yeah at 15 minutes we'll unmute and then we'll we'll sort of stay available until 20 minutes, but hopefully we're gonna have lots of discussion today and not fill all the times with talks.

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Phil Resor (he/him): For questions, I think I didn't attend a session yesterday, but so people can chime in if they have a different suggestion, but I thought.

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Phil Resor (he/him): That since there's so many places questions come in can come in, they can come in the chat to connect to come in through the session page.

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Phil Resor (he/him): They can probably come in through your abstract page, they can also people can raise their hands, and we can call them to unmute I thought we'll manage the questions for the speakers and let's see how that goes, and I think that's probably hit.

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Phil Resor (he/him): anyone have any questions about logistics when we get to the pre recorded session talks we'll run those and we end with a couple posters, and will also run those we have a break for discussion at 945 and then a real break break at 10 to 1020.

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Phil Resor (he/him): and broadly the sessions arranged going from the bar volcanic subjects to the more tectonic with a few just career thoughts and in between.

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Phil Resor (he/him): All right, so I think we're ready to go, so I will stop sharing.

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Phil Resor (he/him): And you hope so, our first.

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Phil Resor (he/him): Our first talk today is the life and career of yellow aids Ellen going to bore I guess I should have known how to pronounce all his name's and that will be given by your account.

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Johan Varekamp: Thank you for being all here, you can see the slides, and you can hear me.

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Johan Varekamp: Alright, so i'll share some of my memories of yellow with you, we call this.

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Johan Varekamp: session stories and stone.

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Johan Varekamp: And I will discuss his life and his career i'm you're very can.

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Johan Varekamp: Also, I Wesley and before I go into the many stories that.

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Johan Varekamp: Many of you remember from your interactions with jelly many stories, I will first give a little bit of a background, who was eligible, and most of us know yella in his favorite place which is being in the field, looking with you and rocks and coming up a story is what it all meant and.

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Johan Varekamp: yellow grew up in Indonesia was Dutch parents and it was living on the island of Java on the slopes of valerian volcano.

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Johan Varekamp: And they had from her house, we had a beautiful view from the day I started this picture I don't think this was haley's house, but it was something like that.

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Johan Varekamp: In the background we see mount Agha on Bali and month will Iran is actually famous for the longest mother eruption that is still ongoing there.

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Johan Varekamp: His father was an architect and design their house and he only went to school on his pony every day and the family also had several Indonesia and kids kind of living wisdom, which will probably the children of the domestic personnel.

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Johan Varekamp: And this lovely rural life came to a very rough ending when the Japanese army started to occupy Indonesia and.

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Johan Varekamp: During during World War Two and yellow and his mother were thrown into prison and, later on, he was thrown alone into a boys concentration camp, when he was nine years old.

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Johan Varekamp: His father worked on the Burma railroad and sadly enough perished in that camp, when he was 11 years old, he and some other boys escaped from the camp.

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Johan Varekamp: And made their way, all the way from east to west Java to Jakarta, which was done still known as batavia was still a Dutch colony, and then are in that town he retraced his mother and his sister.

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Johan Varekamp: And so after that traumatic period as a trial here young boy he made his way back by boat to Holland.

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Johan Varekamp: it's not surprising that he had some problems coming to terms with life at this young age, after everything he had been true, and he was somewhat rebellious another very good student in high school.

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Johan Varekamp: The Channel they live in a small town, the town of barn in Holland and his neighbor was the well known Dutch artist.

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Johan Varekamp: asher and So here we have assure you we got jelly and so doesn't, let us know yeah well, we will always thought that, as your math influence the Le thinking we see here.

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Johan Varekamp: A typical escher pattern which has like a main line and then there's an underlying pattern, and then it gets smaller and smaller and disappears here in infinity.

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Johan Varekamp: And here we have the never ending staircase and, if you look at those things and and you remember your discussion with shelley there may be something along these lines that I was a useful influence there.

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Johan Varekamp: Later on a family friend from Indonesia came to live with the family, and this man had a very profound influence on yearly and ultimately early adopter that man's last name and so he became yellowy dialing God.

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Johan Varekamp: He went on, and went to university of new tracks, where he did a PhD on with Yvonne Babylon was an expert in Indonesia in geology and he was.

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Johan Varekamp: A.

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Johan Varekamp: He was the main proponent of the so called and nation theory that was possibly a precursor concept to plate tectonics yeah they studied.

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Johan Varekamp: The geology of the sensing in elves in noisy leaders is the front page of his thesis still some things in Dutch, what the story is an English and then.

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Johan Varekamp: The only proposed Italy at shifted many hundreds or even thousands of miles from its original position well outside the Mediterranean realm I think the Tibetan plateau was mentioned somewhere.

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Johan Varekamp: This was the era in geology where continental drift started to raise its conceptual head lives lateral continental motions became the basis for many new geological construction.

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Johan Varekamp: At the end of the season, with a very nice picture of friendly ellie's life and our son born and he says philosophy, thank you for everything next to his hand drawn map of his PhD area in Italy.

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Johan Varekamp: And 1963 he defended his PhD and then made his move to the US after he got a postdoctoral position at wesleyan university.

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Johan Varekamp: He worked with us, yes, scientists in the fledgling field of failure magnetism is postdoc was converted to a faculty position and yali work till his retirement, I was livid and passed away in 2016 at the age of 81.

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Johan Varekamp: This early Paleo my network was on the camp dikes and flows right to determine which directly speeding, which flow and there's got an enhanced the discussions with Tony phillpotts at uconn who try to correlate the flows and dice based on the composition.

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Johan Varekamp: yali collaborated with many other scientists, including Paul red ones, well done metrology as Bob ballard junkie show, and he made a dive in the Atlantic, was the elven and yearly work with Wesley and students in the Philippines, Costa Rica and Greece for many years.

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Johan Varekamp: He also educated many foreign students in the wesleyan master's program and many scientists and directors of foreign geological surveys at that time, all shared in western in graduate degree.

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Johan Varekamp: Here we see ellie is very young guy as a young adult learners in Greece finding some ancient fossil hidden in the mud and there's a very nice picture during a field trip in the atacama desert and so he traveled to many places.

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Johan Varekamp: yeah the scientific record is impressive by any means and.

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Johan Varekamp: I only got to know him after he had been adversely for for already more than 20 years but he wrote many papers on Connecticut geology covering Greek tectonics Costa Rican Panamanian Philippines volcanoes.

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Johan Varekamp: Deep sea submarine more Iceland studies and then, of course, is well known papers on the Oracle of Delphi the mood is noises which linked anthropology and human interest stories was geology.

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Johan Varekamp: So let's do the numbers he guidance 31 masters to a Western Region geology 18 undergraduate thesis and 10.

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Johan Varekamp: masters of arts liberal studies sneezes, which is an interdisciplinary program he published more than 60.

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Johan Varekamp: Peer reviewed papers, several of them in science in nature and planetary science letter and several in geology.

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Johan Varekamp: And then, what most people know most for others for books that he wrote later in life, there is the volcanoes in human history.

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Johan Varekamp: I use this book in my 100 level intro volcanology class and the students love it there's the earthquakes in human history, both those books co written with don Sanders.

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Johan Varekamp: Then, possibly is best known Luke stories in stone, how geology influence living in Connecticut for the native American people for the early settlers and even today we are adjusted to our geology.

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Johan Varekamp: And then my favorite book, which is new haven Center nettles the art and science of East rock and West rock.

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Johan Varekamp: So.

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Johan Varekamp: Apart from his scientific and acumen generations of students loved his teaching, he was somebody at in a first year class.

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Johan Varekamp: Could motivate any student to learn more about geology and that was the same was this talks with the general public, he created the motivation and so many people just learn more about geology.

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Johan Varekamp: I came to Atlanta in 1983 20 years I figure I haven't done my peers as well Utrecht, but I had a postdoc at Arizona state in between.

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Johan Varekamp: My second year in 1984 I went to set up, I went to Indonesia to set up three months for an illogical expedition there.

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Johan Varekamp: And I had to convince the director of the Indonesian voting illogical survey that this would be a great collaborative opportunity.

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Johan Varekamp: And we also need to ship from them, so I introduced myself as coming from wesleyan small liberal arts university that is well known in the US, but maybe less so in the rest of the world.

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Johan Varekamp: He smiled gently and said yes, I have heard or Wesley did I actually did my master's degree, there was yellow the more.

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Johan Varekamp: The basis for that joined expedition from Daniel was very small.

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Johan Varekamp: I went back to Indonesia many times, but yet he felt he was not ready to return there yet.

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Johan Varekamp: I made many Richard Smith Magellan studying wasn't adventurous trip to Greece by VW microbus to either slavery or northern Greece, and then on to Athens in periods, we caught the very nice Roth, with more volcano will some Clara we'll talk about that later and.

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Johan Varekamp: And on that thread was also yella some buren was still in his world younger years I was kind of admirable to see how he led to kind of to dress well that was smooth operator he could live with some as green hair and the early invention of your of the concept of ripped jeans.

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Johan Varekamp: And so typical we get into a taxi cab in essence after dropping on the van and after 10 minutes of chatting was the driver in broken broken English.

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Johan Varekamp: The man says to me le you must be a college professor, yes, yellow he lived who he was talking with everyone about interesting concept and backgrounds often was a slant that nobody had thought of before.

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Johan Varekamp: That again came bubbling up but we made it finally to us and we get off the cherry and.

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Johan Varekamp: This is the islands of Nice or are we standing right here Elliot never been there and he looks at the G and C and he sees those little islands.

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Johan Varekamp: He grabs a piece of paper you said yo you got yourself a nice volcano here with the beautiful Caldera but isn't only the side story.

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Johan Varekamp: What you have here is a giant Caldera look, you can draw a circle, to the things that's the real story you a nice steady on the margin.

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Johan Varekamp: And I go yeah yeah that could all be true, but we don't know anything what's the water here and we would need like a deposit of 40 cubicle warm weather of stuff he said yeah well.

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Johan Varekamp: I think that's what's happening to you 10 years later submarine work by other people and mapping of the cost per total of those delivered to rock unit and the sub aqueous structure, you know the story was way ahead of the data.

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Johan Varekamp: Here we see yelling back in Greece on another trip here is reaching the age or older gentleman scientist.

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Johan Varekamp: Many and he hadn't started his work on the Oracle of lc many of you have been in as often as seeing the beautiful painting of the prisoners prisoners standing here over correct or fumes are coming out.

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Johan Varekamp: And galley argue that the gas ethylene and has a priestess under its influence and we see here again the priestess being sitting in the gases and then her handlers.

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Johan Varekamp: interpretations her musings usually was a slant, it was beneficial to themselves about predictions about politics, I think this was one of.

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Johan Varekamp: The alleys German Grad students and they're looking here at his wallet has travertine deposits, showing that their data was hot spring activity.

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Johan Varekamp: And yet, his main argument was that below the Oracle belfi was a major fault along which gases rolls up into the cavern where the prisoners, the major predictions.

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Johan Varekamp: We ran jointly with students who Costa Rica, Panama, and a wonderful times in the field.

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Johan Varekamp: He started his work was Mike different from the former student of portland from the University of southern Florida, and I kind of drifted away from that project.

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Johan Varekamp: Because I started to think about work and Patagonian and he only came along the first time we went to.

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Johan Varekamp: Patagonia this was 1997 and Scott Herman will give during a special session at the end of story about this, he was cla on horseback.

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Johan Varekamp: And I wasn't much of a horseback rider but the beasties brought all the stuff up the mountain he's here at three kilometer elevation in the snow and he asked.

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Johan Varekamp: To reach this link here, which is evading pure hcl ganas I am i'll never forget that yeah they sitting on this was looking at this grandiose landscape and he said.

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Johan Varekamp: A man and his horse and this landscape, I could live forever he connected to the earth, I said, usually fairly is not gonna like this.

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Johan Varekamp: So I did spend some time with jelly in Indonesia, I think it was 1993 That was the first time, he and thank you Rebecca in Indonesia and yeah many issues to deal was that the country.

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Johan Varekamp: has changed from a Dutch colony to an independent state, with many of its own inherent problems, but he, of course, still love the country and its people and its beauty.

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Johan Varekamp: and

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Johan Varekamp: In three covert times I walk so often past his office, where, then a planetary science postdoctoral fellow was struggling with his word that I missed much our chats.

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Johan Varekamp: On geology on politics, which we did not always agree upon and the course of life as academics, on which we had much common ground.

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Johan Varekamp: In his last year, as he was a proponent of God jobs sites was important geological exposures that should be protected, which we now know as GEO heritage sites.

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Johan Varekamp: In closing, you only was a man so fully alive, with a lovely family and many of us are thankful that we were able to spend a lot of quality time with him.

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Johan Varekamp: And this is the way we all remember yellow the best every rock tells its own story and yellow was a great translator here in the old copper mining Connecticut the other discusses copper mobility in an old wall.

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Johan Varekamp: And so, that is our mind my memories of my interactions over many, many years over since 1983 was yelling and.

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Johan Varekamp: love the man.

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Johan Varekamp: i'm going to stop here and.

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Johan Varekamp: The Russian Russian guy if he is in the audience is gonna share some of.

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Johan Varekamp: his memory memories and the mentorship that the the jelly gave him the beginning the late 1970s, so let me stop mine is a rush, are you.

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Johan Varekamp: Are you here.

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Phil Resor (he/him): I don't I don't see Russia.

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Johan Varekamp: And so it means not you i'm going to read his story what he was going to tell.

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Johan Varekamp: So Eros you're not there sure.

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Johan Varekamp: Okay, so yeah, so this is a rush text that he was going to read yelling and saving stay with us for a couple of days or one of the trips to California to see bjorn and the family.

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Johan Varekamp: And Kathy was your wife and I enjoyed having them and we talked about many subjects, including art and antiques during their stay, a friend of mine invited us to have lunch at his ranch located 40 miles outside of Dallas we had a great time at the friends and enjoy the Persian cuisine.

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Johan Varekamp: During our conversation we talked about Iran the Shah and desk them on a certain subject I jokingly said that, I believe, more and more in the incarnation, as they get older and older.

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Johan Varekamp: And yearly talked about the first law of thermodynamics and preservation of energy instead energy cannot be created or destroyed simply it's transformed from one State into another, including our engine which will remain around.

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Johan Varekamp: The only story reminds me of the bone by Claire horner lie on the which reflects the others view on conservation of energy, it was first published in the gypsy in the Kansas city times in 1933 for the year yellow was born it's about immortality.

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Johan Varekamp: This poem was introduced to many listeners in the UK, after a father of the soul, the are killed by a bomb in Northern Ireland read it on the BBC.

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Johan Varekamp: And goes as follows, do not stand on my grades and weep.

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Johan Varekamp: I am not there, I do not sleep, I am 1000 wins that role.

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Johan Varekamp: I am the diamond glimpse on snow, I am the sunlight on ripened rain, I am the gentle or the Marine.

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Johan Varekamp: When you awaken in the morning search, I am the swift uplifting rush of quiet birds and circled flies I am the soft stars that China nights.

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Johan Varekamp: Do not standard my grave and cried i'm not there, I did not die.

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Johan Varekamp: Yet his energy lightens the heart of his former students, including me, which is the rush and tells each of us to think freely and look at the big picture.

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Johan Varekamp: yearly I was honored to be one of your students.

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Johan Varekamp: i'm forever grateful for your lessons and advice and this irrational roster which I think was the year of 78 or 79 was before my time.

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Johan Varekamp: And we appreciate this is wonderful contribution so that is my little overview of yelling the men of a friend, a mentor and a colleague.

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Phil Resor (he/him): All right, thank you yo.

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Phil Resor (he/him): I guess I think we're just right on time so we'll have to save questions for the more general discussion section there for talks are evident more time yeah what's.

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Phil Resor (he/him): The virtual applause is that, as a challenge.

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Phil Resor (he/him): Alright, so our next speaker is Adam Goss and maybe item, you want to start scaring sharing your screen, while I read your title that's out of is going to talk about the scornful mother, the active volcano as cultural and nurture and destroyer attribute to yellowy sailing good Tibor.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': phil can you hear me.

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Johan Varekamp: Yes, we can.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': Okay wonderful i'm having a bit of a.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': technical issue where i'm getting a black box that's covering half of my screen.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': So if I guess, I will present with the black box in the middle of the box in the middle.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': Unfortunately, let me see if.

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Johan Varekamp: I can that looks good.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': Can you see it.

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Martha Gilmore: We can't see it yet well.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': let's see what comes.

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Johan Varekamp: to share screen.

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Johan Varekamp: And then you gotta hit that button the.

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Second.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': let's see Can you see my screen.

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Johan Varekamp: yeah we do.

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Greg McHone: yeah let me.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': just see one, second, if I can get that little thing to go away.

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Johan Varekamp: I can just move it to the side.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': I wish I could, unfortunately, it looks like it's stuck there.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': yeah Unfortunately I can't it seems to be stuck.

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Johan Varekamp: Has a little cross here as.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': well.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': It won't it's it won't close it's stuck on my screen unfortunately we'll just have to continue with the boss.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': Here in the middle technical difficulties Anyway, thank you very much, everyone for inviting me to speak at this symposium in honor of jelly jelly was a professor of mine from 2019 97 to 2001.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': So fantastic professor and someone who made a very positive impact on my life.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': I decided today that I was going to speak on something I haven't spoken in over 20 years which was my Watson fellowship that was in part, inspired by some of the elders working in classes, I had with the Le.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': The title of today's talk is scornful mother, the active volcano as cultural nurturer and destroyer and here's a.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': picture at the bottom panel here of some of the boats inside the top crater called there in the Philippines and yellow he actually asked me if I would hike down this wall.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': to collect a sample of some glassy material that he saw 2030 years prior I did, but I ended up in the hospital with dysentery that uh that afternoon, which I think is a fitting.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': Experience to share now that i'm an older person.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': Okay let's see can I events Okay, we can so and as your gave a wonderful backdrop on yellow his life we did see that he you know grew up in the Dutch Western East Indies.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And lived in the jungle during World War Two with other Dutch teenagers and was convinced to study geology and who tracked by another refugee friend from Java.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': He as you explain your he was originally a structural geologist by training, however, he really championed the.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': Men here, let me see if I can exit this there we go he he championed the integrated scientists citizen passionately dedicated.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': to understanding the way geology with interlaced with history, culture, art music and religion, a true liberal arts master.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And yoke did show some of the four books that he wrote i've read, two of them, they are fantastic reads and they're really aimed at folks.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': You know who are not necessarily scientists people who want to live science, through their daily lives, but don't you know who maybe have other jobs and find find interest and intrigue in the natural world.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': I saw on it to start here with actually a picture of the hang hills and Connecticut which you know, out of all the wonderful places yet he's been and studied.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': Greece, Indonesia, probably thinking Connecticut really that was that exciting and inspiring and actually for me it was I remember standing at the top.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': Of the hanging hills overlooking Meriden and and seeing these black volcanic rocks that you know, of course, yellow They explained to us.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': represented the original magnetic impulse in the early Jurassic that opened up the Atlantic and started to rip apart pangea which, of course, was fascinating to my mind.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': But then yellowy went deeper he started talking about the sentinels of the central valley about how the minerals from these basalt flows fed the fertile soils and provided the iron for the red beds that sit underneath.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': How they how how the the minerals in the soil here provided some of the most fertile soils in New England and provided the best tobacco leaf for for the world.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And how the red beds below sorry yeah just below these volcanic set up the brownstones were basically mind all through the central Valley.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And many an Italian immigrant like my own family came to the Connecticut valley to my knees and he I remember him talking about the scornful mother volcanoes give and take, they provide they provide the.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': You know the nutrients, the culture and the off for people for generations in if human time to marvel at their wonder, but they also can take away, they can create disasters and much human misery.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': I thought i'd share where we are on this cross section down below of Connecticut we are here standing at the top of this black.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': tabular basalt flow could see Wesley and in the background and the Connecticut river valley and here's your here's the Le standing on top of.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': The hanging hills giving a lesson on to the origin of New England and I remember him saying this is a great place to take some wine and how to.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': end a little boat and your lover and he used to always be able he pointed that lake and I just remember thinking what a great romanticism this man is.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': Following in his footsteps I applied, and one to Thomas J Watson fellowship, which is a fellowship that offers 42 young Americans a rare window after college.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': To engage in your deepest interest on the global scale and fellows conceive your own project, and then you have to execute them outside of the United States for one year and embrace the ensuing journey, whatever it may take.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': you decide where to go who to meet and and basically what to do, you're unaffiliated with any academic institution, and you can basically come and go and drive your own project, as you will.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': The fellowship covers all living expenses health insurance and even pays off your student loans for the year which made it very affordable for me.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': someone like myself to do it provided us provided me with a year of personal insight perspective reflection and confidence that really shaped the arc of my life.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And the most wonderful aspect of it was there's no formal deliverable the deliverable is a class of passionate globally aware young Americans ready to set off into the world and make change in the world and.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': it's not just a science fellowship you know the topics range from studying rare diseases to criminal justice to female filmmakers to nuclear energy to children's theater and water scarcity.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And of course my project wasn't called what's called the scornful mother in honor of jelly the active volcano as cultural nurturer and destroyer.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': The main fundamental questions I sought to answer, where you do general populations at risk from volcanic hazard trust the advice of technology wielding scientists.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': What do they believe the volcanoes a mystical force bigger than human understanding what's the role of the active volcano in the economic in developed growth and development of communities at risk from volcanic hazards.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': However, religions educational inequalities political spectrums aided or interfered with prediction and hazard monitoring.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And, in which ways have colonialism and missionary work suppress supported or changed local cultural responses to active volcanism.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And finally, when disaster struck, what is the response of the government civic in religious leaders teachers children volcanologist NGOs relief groups and tourists.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': I started off my journey in Italy, as you can see, by the little airplane and I spent three months living in and around at mount.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': insistently mount Vesuvius outside of Naples and on the aeolian islands and from there, I traveled to the Philippines, where I lived with communities on the foot of Mount my own and towel and Pinatubo.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': The next leg of my journey took me to South America, where I worked, I did a little bit of work on where I was doing my undergraduate thesis with the open on kapow a as well as in Chile and a hotel salado.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And then to Central America someplace where yellowy leftist footprint posts era Su incandela va.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And Arielle volcano and then cross the border into Nicaragua, to study, some of those volcanoes.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And then the last was on months right, which was about five years after the superior hills disaster and live with communities that were trying to rebuild the island and still living with the daily threat of our classic flows.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': So the first thing I wanted to talk about and you'll see i've grouped my intro about five different themes and was about communicating volcanic hazards, was the first general theme that persistent across all the regions, I went to.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': One of the places where was the most challenging and probably the greatest threat was in the city of Naples and many of you i'm sure have been to Naples.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': You know, it is the third largest metropolitan area of Italy it's underneath the shadow of Mount Vesuvius which you can see here, this is me standing overlooking the old town of Naples looking to the east, you could see the called the crater of Mount Vesuvius off in the distance.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And and what's what's fascinating about Naples, of course, is that Naples has has undergone.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': The the sporadic eruption of Mount Vesuvius multiple times in human history of, of course, with the catastrophic 79 ad eruption which many people have visited pompei.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And herculaneum Actually, this is actually a picture down below of the city of Orlando.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': which the modern city of Orlando sits directly on top of the uncovered ruins of herculaneum the Roman city that bears the same name, so you really literally look out your window and look and see what your fate might be.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': When I while I was in Naples, I of course met lots of folks I interviewed the two main volcanologists in the country barbieri and Giovanni or C.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And really tried to understand what is the volcanic hazard on in in the city.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And what is the plan to evacuate the city or the neighboring communities around Vesuvius which you can see here in the red zone.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': Which is almost 700,000 people in the case that mount Vesuvius decides to erupt and the plan is now complete, and this is public but at that time.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': The plan was still in its infancy and the plan is actually to evacuate within 72 hours 700,000 people from in and around Naples by various transportation.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': You know groups from train boats and buses and and basically pair each community up with a province in the rest of Italy and transport those people within 72 hours to those provinces if you've ever been to Naples, you know it's probably one of the most chaotic cities in Italy.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': It the plan has yet to be tested though it does exist, and my question was always, how do you communicate that to the folks of Naples.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': that's a really great quote, that I found from a sculptor enables was Rome remembers the instability of things, the past the dead, the memento mori.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': Naples is fascinated with the present life, the carpe diem Rome is like a widow is faithful to the past is stuck to the cemetery and cannot forget it, since.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': Naples is faithful to the enjoyable things the present the invasion of demons and the dance of herculaneum the smoker Vesuvius teaches us to exploit the life to the last day.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': in some way that definitely encapsulates yellow is life, but it also encapsulates the life of many fatalistic neapolitans who live day by day, never thinking of what might come from the smoking volcano to the southeast.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And in Naples and in many other countries, I visited which are predominantly Catholic.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': You see Catholic mysticism all over in Italy in in Sicily, you have the Feast of St agatha, which is the patron saint of Catania sits just at the foot of Mount.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': Etna and St agatha was a young teenage girl when she was martyred for her belief in Christianity and a few days after her her martyrdom.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': They the pounds people waved her white scarf at the erupting lava flows coming from Mount Etna which took a left turn and save the city of Catania.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And every year, they have a large festival in her honor where the people you know thousands, hundreds of thousands of people carry her her statue and wave the white scarf in honor of.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': saying I get into protect the city of Catania, which has remained undisturbed from since saying agatha is Margaret and.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': Then, of course, it Naples, you have the blood of San gennaro, which is the Feast of San gennaro on the 17th of of.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': Of of September similar festival in New York City for those that are interested.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': The legend Is this the blood of the patron saint of Naples is housed in this viral and comes out twice a year and magically liquefies in front of the the faithful.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': If it doesn't liquefy That means that Vesuvius is likely to erupt and, in fact, that didn't liquefy on in 1944 during the war, which is the last time that.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': That mount Vesuvius did erupt in the Philippines, a highly Catholic country, we see the Church of Cox our were in the early 1800s hundreds of people huddled.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': To save themselves from the erupting mountain my own in the background and there, of course, they all perished in the modern church of cut saw which was built next door still rivers.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': The the erupting volcano with Jesus emerging from the volcano to protect the people of southeastern blue zone.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And then it's well documented in Central America in Nicaragua, for example, the the early settlers considered the Caldera of the Messiah volcano it's a glowing red Caldera.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': They considered it the gates of hell and used to throw well they erected a statue and across above the Messiah volcano Caldera.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': To protect the people of southern Nicaragua from it from its corruption and in in 1789 the volcano is erupting and.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': The Bishop took the Christ have been dearie to the erupting lava flow which protected the city of Grenada as the lava flow took a left turn much in the same way as it does in Italy.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And and save the city so Catholic mysticism was embedded in many of the countries that I that I visited I was originally intending to visit Indonesia in honor of yelling, however.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': Indonesia, unfortunately, had some had the Bali bombing right, while I was there I was on my travels and I had to choose a different path and, and for that reason I ended up in the Philippines.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': You also have indigenous mysticism in the Philippines, you have the community of it, people who have historically lived around the slopes of Mount Pinatubo.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And these people believe that the mountain which that time wasn't a volcano they believe the mountain was there was their father God apple namal yada.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And when the Philippines your thermal company was started drilling without requesting permission from the local elders the about the mountain erupted.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': In anger and I spent almost a month living with the ITA in and around the slopes of Mount Pinatubo as they were coming back to their ancestral homeland.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': Trying to rebuild after about 10 years in refugee camps around the Philippines, and you can see a few photos here of.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': Some of the items item and who took me hunting every night, which was quite an experience, and this was the Community that I lived in called target.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': here's the the call there of Mount Pinatubo which is full of of water in Chile, where I did my undergraduate thesis while Chile and Argentina with with yelp and then I.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': ended up doing my PhD in the region, you have the Mapuche people the indigenous people of southern Chile and Argentina, who.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': believe in the virtue fe, which is a rock like monster who lives in the volcanoes and who was only satisfied when when virgins are thrown into the into the volcano and that's very common was a very common legend in and around the via Rico volcano in southern Chile.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': and very similar theme existed in Nicaragua, the the indigenous knock a teammate people believe that a sorceress lived inside the Messiah volcano and needed to be appeased by throwing in indigenous virgins.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': So how to scientists communicate with people that are so deeply embedded with these.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': With these with these either either religious or indigenous beliefs, and of course it's very challenging because there's many fake folkloric methods of predicting eruption right there's.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': In the Philippines and in Central America, I heard story after story of folks who live on the slopes of volcanoes.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': Who smell rotten eggs or feel earthquakes of strange animal behavior bees and snakes and livestock and fish coming to the surface or fleeing the mountain days and weeks before volcanoes pets would go missing and wells would dry.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': Up here's a woman telling me about how the deer and the the livestock come running through the village before the my own volcano will erupt.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And in Italy in Naples, they have the small fee, which is a book that's it's an ancient book that tells folks how to interpret their dreams and relates dreams to numbers that you can then play in the lottery.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And the number associated with with mount Vesuvius and what kind of corruption is 55 and, in fact, there were stories of number 55 and many things happening during the war when Vesuvius last erupted.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': The last theme, I wanted to touch on was modern volcanic art and culture, and I saw this time and time again in many different places that I visited.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': However, I did want to just showcase one place, I feel, was really rising above the ashes, so to speak.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': In terms of reclaiming their culture in the Caribbean and that's in Montserrat so I was able to spend two months and months or at.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': A few years after the eruption of the eruption and you can see, the capital city of Plymouth.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': buried by the whores and pyroclastic flows and completely abandoned by the people of Montserrat who've had to flee either to the UK.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': Or to reestablish the island in the safe zone and the northern third of the island is, you can see from the right side, some of the recent resettlement programs going on.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': Montserrat has in the last 50 or 60 years played a huge role in in music, not only for soca Calypso but also is the it's where the air studios from.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': Sir, George Martin was founded, where the Beatles the Rolling Stones and many, many others Duran Duran recorded records all through the 70s 60s 70s and 80s and they're very proud of that history.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': there's been an explosion of music and art on on Montserrat after the volcano much of it focuses around the lived experience of surviving the.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': precursors of the reduction, the evacuation the eruption itself, and then you know what's left some of the ones that I just remember, was a junkie and DEM or some local soccer players who wrote a beautiful.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': record album called little island live volcano with some beautiful songs about shovel and ash and evacuating and pat.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': pat Ryan or longer who wrote a really nice song called still home still Nice.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And sort of George Martin founded the Montserrat foundation to help restore art and culture, two months, right in the years after the volcano and this woman here becky chalmers.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': is leading a group of students and some pen pen drumming where again many of the songs and lyrics talked about the volcanic eruption.

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Phil Resor (he/him): Adam I think you need to wrap it up.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': yep my last slide so the key takeaways were you know, again with vulcanology proper scientific monitoring science can greatly affect can greatly reduce the effects of volcanic eruption respect local traditions and beliefs.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': However, I wanted to just quickly touch on Dr gabor's influence on my career really he taught me that science is about discovering the mystery of nature and it's lived expression through the human experience.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And that social value is of equal importance to humanity a scientific value this is really important, in my job, where i'm the director of exploration for a large.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': minerals and petroleum company that the science is the force for good in the world to lift people out of poverty increase life expectancy and open educational opportunities for people.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': That science is not owned by the scientists sciences lives by everybody in our Community and that his life and legacy is really in the words of throws to suck out all the marrow of life.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And from another wesleyan alum in his in his um you know renowned.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': musical Hamilton I just thought you know legacy, this is a quote from Hamilton legacy what is a legacy it's planting seeds in a garden that you never get to see.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And I wanted to just talk say that you know yellow garden is is today it's the the hundreds of students that he's influenced and.

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Adam Goss, Wes 01': And taught and inspired throughout his his decades of being at wesleyan and i'm one of those those those plants in his garden standing tall so that's all I have for you today, thank you for the opportunity to participate and i'm really looking forward to the rest of the session

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Phil Resor (he/him): Alright, thanks, Adam unfortunately we're gonna have to keep moving on so I guess we'll make good use of our discussion.

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Phil Resor (he/him): time later, but that was great alright, so now we have Claire Claire hubby who's going to be talking about the sustainability superstition and second AKI overcoming obstacles for development of geothermal energy on the volcanic island of distress Greece.

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Claire Hruby: Good morning, can everybody see my screen.

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Martha Gilmore: Yes.

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Claire Hruby: Yes, yes, and you can hear me okay wonderful um.

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Claire Hruby: yeah so my name is Claire maybe I was a student at wesleyan graduated in 1998.

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Claire Hruby: And i'm here to present today it's really quite an honor and after seeing the last few presentations.

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Claire Hruby: it's it's fascinating to me that we all had that that same experience and learn the same lessons from from yella and so you'll see a lot of the same themes you've seen already in my talk and Scott Herman is helping me out today, he was also a student at West and at the same time.

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Claire Hruby: and

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Claire Hruby: So he'll.

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Claire Hruby: he'll take over halfway through the talk here, and so I was lucky enough the summer after my sophomore year and, now that I teach students i'm sort of blown away by the trust that.

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Claire Hruby: You know buddy Allah gave to us so young, and I was allowed to go to to Greece and sample the rags and these heroes and Santini.

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Claire Hruby: and come back and write a paper which write a thesis which now that I read also blows my mind 25 years later, and just how much knowledge they they were able to pass along um let's see so I.

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Claire Hruby: I went there to study.

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Claire Hruby: manga genesis on that to volcanoes and to understand better the tectonics at the G and Arc but, of course, like we've already heard.

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Claire Hruby: They the social experience and the other things that we learned, while we were there are just as important, and so one night i'm fairly typical Greek experience i'm in the hotel unbranded overlooking the Mediterranean drinking my red Siena.

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Claire Hruby: yellow had no problem, introducing us to good wines ritzy you know he probably did not.

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Claire Hruby: i'm drinking having wonderful food and talking to the locals there, and all of a sudden, the power went out.

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Claire Hruby: And so it was from that experience that I learned that new service was dependent on power from the neighboring islands of costs and and then we started to have a much i'm a very lively discussion about the potential for geothermal power and Nice arose.

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Claire Hruby: And some of the negative experiences folks on the island had had very similar to what we just heard.

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Claire Hruby: Not taking the local concerns into consideration and some folks were really worried about what might happen, and they were quizzing me about it and, at the time I didn't know anything so when Scott.

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Claire Hruby: came to me recently to say, do you want us in the abstract, I was I willing to talk about new service and the work we did.

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Claire Hruby: But I still had this this eating, you know question about what happened with geothermal on the surface and what might happen in the future and it turns out like what habit Scott has been working on this in his career over the last 20 some years.

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Claire Hruby: And so, he has some expertise, so we dug into the question a little bit and so i'll give some background and then he will he will go on to talk about the potential for geothermal power on the surface.

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Claire Hruby: So this was a project that allowed me to go back through, and it was a bit of an archaeological dig here in my house.

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Claire Hruby: In des moines iowa and I still have the three ring binders for 25 years ago I couldn't let those go and with all of the papers that we collected in our research.

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Claire Hruby: And, and also some notes I don't know you know if this is from you or yellow but i'm everything that was wrong with the first draft of my thesis is here.

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Claire Hruby: So yellow was was very fascinated by Greece, and of course by the Oracle of Delphi and looking at at Greek mythology and and finding some of the the truths in those stories about the.

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Claire Hruby: The world and.

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Claire Hruby: He was a fantastic structural geology professor, although I have to say I would always struggled because I couldn't necessarily understand when he said fault or fold.

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Claire Hruby: In his structure like serious, which was a bit of a challenge, I don't know if it was accent or just the mustache but um but anyway, it was good fun.

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Claire Hruby: And and and yellow he believed that the myths and and these ancient stories were not always pure imagination, they did hold some truths and and and it was important to look for those and they could get some some insight.

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Claire Hruby: His theory at the time was about abduction in the.

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Claire Hruby: In the Aegean that.

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Claire Hruby: The rate of convergence is really faster than the rate of seduction and so.

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Claire Hruby: It was possible that.

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Claire Hruby: It was more about an overriding plate, and then the seduction itself driving what was happening there.

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Claire Hruby: And look, we can talk about that a little bit more, but you can see that figure on the lower right hand corner was.

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Claire Hruby: Parts of the Ellis theory about abduction there.

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Claire Hruby: Okay, so back to Greek mythology and the the story the locals and these arrows love to repeat, is about an epic battle between the gods and the giants.

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Claire Hruby: gaya sent all of her giant children to battle with the gods and so Zeus sent Poseidon to fight the giant polly voters and they.

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Claire Hruby: The battle raged across the Aegean and ended up on the eastern edge of the Aegean near any service.

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Claire Hruby: And Poseidon took his Trident grabbed a huge rock.

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Claire Hruby: Out of the ocean and and threw it on the boat tests and so nice throws the volcano.

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Claire Hruby: Has the spirit or the giant underneath it.

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Claire Hruby: And you can see that that in this image here beside in there i'm a rock on polly boats.

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Claire Hruby: I align with the.

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Claire Hruby: epic battles and mythology neisseria is is located in an area and i'm not sure if you can see my pointer here and with with quite a few epic battles.

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Claire Hruby: As well i'm not going to go through all of those but Anthony and Cleopatra the Roman Emperor empire, the Ottomans they're very proud of some of the resistance during World War Two.

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Claire Hruby: And it wasn't until.

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Claire Hruby: 1947 that needs to roses reunited with Greece after World War Two.

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Claire Hruby: And when I was there.

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Claire Hruby: In the 90s, I was surprised to see some Turkish warships offshore.

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Claire Hruby: turned out, they were fighting over possession of the island of EMEA nearby and even more recently, if you can see from the map there nice service close to costs and causes received.

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Claire Hruby: Over 200,000 Syrian refugees, and since the start of the conflict in Syria in in 2011 so many services and costs have really been the epicenter of quite a bit of.

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Claire Hruby: activity, so as far as the tech topics we have the closure of the ancient testis ocean with your Asia and Africa, the African continent, so please coming together.

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Claire Hruby: As the Arabian plate needs theories and play Anatolian plate is being squished out to the side and yellow was fantastic at it speeding up geologic time so that you felt like it was it was imminent.

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Claire Hruby: It felt like you know, Greece and Turkey should stop fighting over property entirely because they were going to be the same country, in just a few years, the way he he talked about it, so of course he has some directional lying the Hellenic trench leading to the.

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Claire Hruby: Volcanic Arc and what's interesting about the gn is the amount of back our extension that's happening.

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Claire Hruby: In the Aegean and it's still continues to be quite seismically active area.

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Claire Hruby: The modern Aegean Arc is shown here with the five main centers of volcanism.

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Claire Hruby: The locality, since you sacchi up.

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Claire Hruby: Close to Athens and methods me lists and sanjeev uni, and these are some costs on the Far Eastern edge of the subduction zone and, of course, since since we've we finished our or theses quite a bit of work has been done there some imaging of the subjective slab.

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Claire Hruby: And a lot of other things which i'm not going to go into now, if I wish I could.

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Claire Hruby: have easily been a little closer.

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Claire Hruby: To the island of new service and cause you'll see what you talked about earlier that the yellow noticed a much larger.

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Claire Hruby: footprint of a call dare underwater and that nisa sits on the south east corner of that larger Caldera which also takes a chunk out of the.

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Claire Hruby: lens of costs.

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Claire Hruby: And a number of little islands alive along the edge there and then the dominant fracturing.

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Claire Hruby: patterns on the surface, are really north east, south west and Southwest and Northwest southeast so they're.

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Claire Hruby: Both fractures there as well.

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Claire Hruby: and looking at the geology of Nice heroes I, you have my favorite place on earth, I have to say is this beach at hope lycos.

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Claire Hruby: In men rocky, and this is where lava basalt some of the oldest rocks on the zeros out crap and the northwestern.

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Claire Hruby: shore of the island and there's predate the class plateau tough, which is 160 1000 years the big eruption that happened, it was now shown from that submarine Caldera and you have Cone building phase is.

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Claire Hruby: followed by a couple of large eruptions that deposited the lower Patmos in the upper pumice up or comments about 47,000 years ago.

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Claire Hruby: And those are split by the large nikiya lava flows to the right Southwest southeast here.

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Claire Hruby: Then there was some Cone building and not current building, excuse me don't building and in the Center of the Caldera and to the southwest and picture in the lower left hand corner.

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Claire Hruby: And then, most recently, hydrothermal.

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Claire Hruby: eruptions within the floor.

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Phil Resor (he/him): they're clear we've got.

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Phil Resor (he/him): About five more minutes.

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Claire Hruby: Okay, I gotta hand it over to Scott here, and this is the largest.

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Claire Hruby: i'm called era and some largest creator from by the fan of magnetic eruptions, and I call data and.

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Claire Hruby: The bubbling my pits inside.

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Claire Hruby: And after the thesis I was there there's definitely a lot of work being done to understand the interactions of manga and in the subsurface.

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Claire Hruby: And quite a bit of seismicity that happened in the late 90s, to which is important for scott's story.

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Scott Herman: hi.

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Scott Herman: So.

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Scott Herman: Can everybody hear me.

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Scott Herman: Okay, no okay.

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Scott Herman: This is just a map of Nice Ross with.

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Scott Herman: The geothermal manifestations.

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Scott Herman: Their springs on the north and south coast their funerals in the crater and you can see the Northwest southeast and southeast Northwest faults some of the geothermal manifestations are related to those next slide please.

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Scott Herman: What one back.

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Scott Herman: Okay, so there is a long history of geothermal exploration, starting in the 70s, when the Greek Government started to collect information about geothermal around Greece and found that um.

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Scott Herman: Lisa Ross was recognized early on as a as an appealing locale for geothermal energy, so they they drilled a series of temperature gradient holes.

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Scott Herman: That found a pretty significant temperature anomaly thermal anomaly, and then this resulted in them drilling too deep for holes to 1800 and 1550 meters where they found temperatures.

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Scott Herman: Up to about 340 which was very, very attractive and the both geochemical and mineral geometry suggests that temperatures, a little bit deeper down may even exceed 350.

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Scott Herman: So they proposed a 10 megawatt power plant.

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Scott Herman: But something happened nearby that affected this So if you go to the next slide please.

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Scott Herman: So just this is a conceptual model of the reservoir so basically there's a few groups that have worked on this zs and seymour and Dietrich that all have recently have more recently published on it and the Italians early on, worked on this with the Greeks.

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Scott Herman: When they were drilling the the.

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Scott Herman: Deeper boreholes in the early 80s, the current conceptual models consist of a deeper reservoir and a kind of intermediate to shallow reservoir.

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Scott Herman: there's some disagreement about the extent of or the the depth of the shallow to intermediate reservoir but most models are in agreement about the deeper reservoir being from around 300 to 400 and you know from 1000 to say 1800 meters.

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Scott Herman: and

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Scott Herman: The it's got pretty good wellhead pressure for those who are not in the geothermal industry, this is This is important if you're going to produce a well and and it's been estimated at 30 to 50 megawatts total.

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Scott Herman: total size for the system for you know how much electricity, you could theoretically produce out of it.

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Scott Herman: But nice arose only has a load of about 1.5 megawatts so they really don't need to develop, you know, a fully developed the system if they're interested in geothermal power, they will be taking a very small portion of the of the available energy.

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Scott Herman: Next slide please Okay, so what why hasn't why hasn't this been developed well on milos, which is about 150 miles to the east.

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Scott Herman: They put in a two megawatt power plant and all kinds of things went wrong.

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Scott Herman: It wasn't designed well for the brine, and so they had all sorts of scaling problems, and then they had all kinds of problems with the Community based on.

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Scott Herman: H two s odors and then the local community commissioned a report about the environmental impacts that.

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Scott Herman: Basically, said that there were all kinds of problems, and that there were high arsenic levels and this resulted in people dumping their olive oil in the streets, because they've been told it was full of arsenic.

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Scott Herman: And as you can imagine, this this didn't go over very well and residents got very upset, despite the fact that later studies were actually unable to reproduce any of this.

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Scott Herman: And it turns out that this initial study was quite flawed, but by then the damage was done the populace was in an uproar and.

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Scott Herman: The plant wasn't running anyway because of the scaling problems and it kind of just petered out and the result of all this was that the Syrians were very skeptical so yeah that's okay go to the next slide.

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Scott Herman: So this is a bit of a list of the environmental, social concerns, many of which happened in milos but then the Syrians were concerned about the same kind of things air quality.

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Scott Herman: Release of Brian into the ocean, you know effect on wildlife traffic noise visual impacts in do seismicity safety of drilling wells in a volcano and, interestingly enough angering polly voters, because they didn't want their boats to be two headed so.

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Scott Herman: That is a you know one thing you gotta worry about next slide please.

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Scott Herman: So geothermal geothermal industry has come a long way since the early 70s and we've learned a lot about how to design power plants and how to design wells and basically do a better job that overcomes most of the problems that people were concerned about back in those days.

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Scott Herman: One example is that toss cooling tower in the middle, is a tower as a cooling tower from a project in New Zealand, which was done in the 80s.

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Scott Herman: that's 100 and change meters high new plants are maybe only 15 meters high they're much easier to hide they're you know they're there you can put some screening around them, they don't stick out on the landscape, like a sore thumb.

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Scott Herman: Okay, go ahead to the next slide.

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Scott Herman: you're not going to be able to avoid some impacts definitely bringing in rigs and bringing in construction equipment is going to.

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Scott Herman: You know, cause some some impact, but it's temporary and you know you might have to widen roads, there will be a lot of traffic, etc, but.

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Scott Herman: there's not much to do about that That said, it can be done in the offseason where it doesn't impact so much, and they have talked about making a landing spot on the South end of the island where it wouldn't interfere so much.

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Scott Herman: So one of the gun.

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Phil Resor (he/him): issue sorry for we're based out of time, can you wrap can.

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Phil Resor (he/him): quickly get through life it.

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Scott Herman: Very much so, one of the main issues that people are concerned about is induced seismicity that is a real concern, but most induce seismicity you can't really feel and typically you can only feel one or two events, a year there may be a for four and a half, on the Richter scale.

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Scott Herman: And so on a very active volcano you're probably that's probably going to blend into the background so what's happening now actually in 2011 PPC.

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Scott Herman: talked about restarting this project and, as of.

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Scott Herman: they've actually.

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Scott Herman: got a got a.

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Scott Herman: what's the word they've got a partner and they've assigned a company to start building.

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Scott Herman: These projects they're going to start with me close again, and so, if milos goes well nice arose may may move forward me Soros is the second is second in the list.

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Scott Herman: And so, one thing that's promising is that the Mayor of Nice Ross is actually written papers encouraging geothermal and so maybe there's a change in attitude among the local populace, as people become more educated and interested in them in clean energy.

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and

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Scott Herman: that's it.

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Phil Resor (he/him): All right, thank you Scott and again we've got discussion coming up pretty soon, but we'll have to keep moving on.

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Scott Herman: yeah no worries sorry about that.

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Phil Resor (he/him): Alright, so our next speaker is returns to us going to speak about a career on large igneous provinces inspired by Professor la to bore.

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Phil Resor (he/him): that's Richard you're muted.

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Richard Ernst: hi so my is Can you see all of my screen right now, if we had a problem for with not seeing the bottom is it okay.

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Richard Ernst: Perfect wow This is great.

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Richard Ernst: yeah Thank you so much, everybody else who's spoken so far it's been just so great to reminiscent, to remember times at West and times with with the La and yoke, in particular, I.

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Richard Ernst: When I was there as an undergraduate in the 1970s, I knew some of these stories are parts of stories it's neat to sort of see the whole more of the whole picture, so thank you so much for your presentation.

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Richard Ernst: So yeah yelling was such an influence in my life and i'm just so proud to have an opportunity to present in this in this session, let me see if this will advance.

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Richard Ernst: let's see.

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Richard Ernst: Yes, so um yeah I know so for me, so I met two places on the current the university in Ottawa and also a guest professor at a Siberian university Tom State University.

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Richard Ernst: And my chrome university website, there was an article about my research and in my in the article I said that he returns did his undergraduate degree at Western university.

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Richard Ernst: Where swashbuckling indiana Jones style geology Professor the leaderboard thrall them with stories of expeditions to exotic places like Indonesia and Costa Rica, I was certainly inspired so much by his.

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Richard Ernst: by his example by His style, the idea of doing exotic fieldwork and the excitement of research, and I strongly benefited from his patience and mentoring.

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Richard Ernst: I was not necessarily the most self confident undergraduate student and he was always encouraging and the batch this thesis with him on.

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Richard Ernst: On his samples from Iberia, was what I was a Paleo magnetic study and I really appreciated that that opportunity to do you know real research on plate tectonic aspect of trying to ascertain and constrain the rotation of Iberia using his samples.

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Richard Ernst: So yellow influenced me throughout my life, I remember when I was thinking about what to do after wesleyan.

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Richard Ernst: And I said I really wanted to do some exotic fieldwork and so he suggested Canada, so that led me to doing my masters at the University of Toronto.

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Richard Ernst: geological survey contracts with them and carleton university, where I did my PhD and have my current position as scientists and residents and then i've been doing had an opportunity to do field work.

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Richard Ernst: All over Canada here's a picture of beautiful campus of Carl university, it also just sort of same enthusiasm, you know this inspiration led me to do research projects in many countries.

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Richard Ernst: And particularly in Russia so i've been all over Russia and i'm currently a professor at top State University in Siberia.

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Richard Ernst: And, of course, in terms of my career interests on my career has been on logic nice provinces lips for short.

440
01:09:57.670 --> 01:10:06.670
Richard Ernst: The lie, of course, introduced me to the impressive 200 million year old Eastern North American portion of what we now recognized as the Central Atlantic magnetic province.

441
01:10:07.240 --> 01:10:19.600
Richard Ernst: it's the largest by area largest live in the world, and I had the opportunity after subsequent to my time at wesleyan to do work on several manuscripts with respect to.

442
01:10:21.100 --> 01:10:27.430
Richard Ernst: magnetic close directions in eastern North America dikes and flows and sales.

443
01:10:28.750 --> 01:10:29.260
and

444
01:10:30.310 --> 01:10:38.650
Richard Ernst: So yeah these just got me started gave me Opportunities was always encouraging and got me launched on logic nice provinces.

445
01:10:39.040 --> 01:10:46.480
Richard Ernst: So let me just do a little bit of an overview of largeness provinces right now we're talking about these huge magnetic events flood the salts.

446
01:10:46.930 --> 01:11:02.230
Richard Ernst: Were the main recognition in terms of big areas that cover this is magnets covering cover as volume of at least 100,000 cubic kilometers and the largest one represented by on time Java see if I get the cursor to come to the right spot.

447
01:11:04.660 --> 01:11:05.770
Richard Ernst: On time Java.

448
01:11:07.120 --> 01:11:08.380
Richard Ernst: Get the point your fuzzy.

449
01:11:10.900 --> 01:11:22.240
Richard Ernst: Nearly 80 million cubic alarms between on time job amanda geeky plateau and her angry, these are things that are such a scale, they would cover all of us, or Canada or China to adapt to a few meters.

450
01:11:22.690 --> 01:11:31.090
Richard Ernst: or up to several kilometers and they're often short duration, less than a million years and have an interplay setting this is showing the distribution.

451
01:11:31.360 --> 01:11:44.110
Richard Ernst: Of them in the last the last few hundred million years the red ones are continental logic guess provinces, the blue or oceanic watching this provinces in the yellow or so called socialistic logic and spouses.

452
01:11:45.550 --> 01:11:53.140
Richard Ernst: And this is part of the plumbing system, there are different models for the origin of lodging this provinces, I have a strong.

453
01:11:53.620 --> 01:12:02.020
Richard Ernst: preference for mantle clue March, and I know there are other you know plenty of other kind of interpretations possible I think Greg mahoney probably.

454
01:12:02.560 --> 01:12:20.920
Richard Ernst: presenting an alternative, and later in his presentation, but in any case, if from a from the context of a mantle plume we see partial melting generation of a magnetic underplayed and then sales and dykes per out produced to our customer profile and then.

455
01:12:23.380 --> 01:12:26.560
Richard Ernst: flows that massive flows at the surface, this Sosa distribution.

456
01:12:27.640 --> 01:12:33.430
Richard Ernst: Again, over the last 500 million years color coded as you see here, and you see the wealth of events.

457
01:12:34.570 --> 01:12:51.190
Richard Ernst: we've been doing a lot of work with an industry consortium, and they provided us several million dollars over the law with matching government grants so we've had a lot of opportunity to do a lot of uranium led dating of events back for your time, and so the.

458
01:12:52.210 --> 01:13:01.750
Richard Ernst: The record back through time of logic this policy is certainly growing here is this Eastern North America portion of the Central Atlantic magnetic province and and.

459
01:13:02.260 --> 01:13:12.700
Richard Ernst: Matching components of it in in Africa and South America and then lots of other events on here that I won't bother mentioning but it's a it's a fun field lots of lots to.

460
01:13:13.300 --> 01:13:19.690
Richard Ernst: Do and discover in terms of large in this province here's a record from 500 to 1000 years million years ago.

461
01:13:20.290 --> 01:13:25.390
Richard Ernst: thousand to 1500 as you go back through time to record gets more a little more fragmentary.

462
01:13:25.960 --> 01:13:41.470
Richard Ernst: and partly because the flood basalts or remove even back into the archaean here and number of our key and analogs for large against provinces, and you can see, this bar code in the left here all these red lines represent largest provinces back through time, some of which are labeled.

463
01:13:42.970 --> 01:13:52.630
Richard Ernst: As some which you may recognize and one of the things that's needed is there because of their huge volume, they have a remarkable influence on a lot of aspects of our history.

464
01:13:53.830 --> 01:14:02.740
Richard Ernst: We think that they are linked with riffing and breakup or attempted breakups so we think that most of the major oceans through time.

465
01:14:03.370 --> 01:14:09.010
Richard Ernst: Have as a component component of lips, are important important component, the presence of a.

466
01:14:10.000 --> 01:14:17.110
Richard Ernst: logic is province there's a huge developments in the link with dramatic climate change and mass extinctions and they use in defining.

467
01:14:17.710 --> 01:14:27.160
Richard Ernst: precambrian time boundaries and there's a angle with or deposits Mike madigan hydrothermal and implications for oil and gas and aquifers and then there's a lot of fun.

468
01:14:29.230 --> 01:14:33.580
Richard Ernst: Working on looking at planetary analogs like on Venus and Mars, etc.

469
01:14:34.960 --> 01:14:38.710
Richard Ernst: here's the Central Atlantic magnetic power is just highlighting the dikes forms which.

470
01:14:39.730 --> 01:14:45.460
Richard Ernst: show an overall radiating pattern there's some interpretations that also suggests that this represents a number of.

471
01:14:46.900 --> 01:14:55.210
Richard Ernst: linear components associated with riffs owns abroad overall linear radiating pattern suggests a mantle plume here in the Center.

472
01:14:55.780 --> 01:15:01.750
Richard Ernst: radiating swarms or also increasingly recognized here's one of the important ones, showing the.

473
01:15:02.140 --> 01:15:13.780
Richard Ernst: McKenzie dykes swarm of Canada, the swarm sends out to about 3000 kilometer 2300 kilometers away from the Center radiate it's over about 100 degrees and we now know that we know that continuous under.

474
01:15:14.140 --> 01:15:21.580
Richard Ernst: younger rocks to the West here, and probably continues into Siberia southern Siberia, which was attached to the north, at this time.

475
01:15:22.180 --> 01:15:30.670
Richard Ernst: More recently we've discovered these huge circular swarms on earth and also we think they're analogs on Venus and Mars as well.

476
01:15:31.300 --> 01:15:42.730
Richard Ernst: This one 600 kilometers across it's a giant circular swarm that's part of the that's in near the East African rift system but it's much older it's 1300 and 80 million years old.

477
01:15:43.210 --> 01:15:50.320
Richard Ernst: here's the magnificent Siberian trap event on the right here, the one that's associated with the promo triassic mass extinction.

478
01:15:50.770 --> 01:16:09.280
Richard Ernst: And you can see, parts of a radiating swarm here and also and also continuing here plume Center here, based on that, and then a circular swarm here, we also newly have a circular swarm that may be out 1600 kilometers away from the plume set of numbers still testing out.

479
01:16:10.810 --> 01:16:21.730
Richard Ernst: Another interesting aspect or the important part is the plumbing system of the or the is the massive scale provinces this sentence is there are many to draw on this one is from southern.

480
01:16:22.690 --> 01:16:33.580
Richard Ernst: superior krypton here's the late, great lakes here then depressing sale province here, this is the Sudbury structure which should put a different color, this is a meteorite impact that so different age.

481
01:16:34.270 --> 01:16:41.050
Richard Ernst: And you see that the sales here, we think are being fed laterally from the plume Center so the sales here being fed from a radiating dykes swarm.

482
01:16:41.680 --> 01:16:56.200
Richard Ernst: 13 plume Center 1300 kilometers away another component is the major maybe go to make the conclusions and here's the Bush felt complex but it's part of the Bush felt lip that is widespread throughout.

483
01:16:58.030 --> 01:17:07.690
Richard Ernst: The capsule krypton of southern Africa here so many other components elsewhere are all the same age and part of this, including a major kubina type complex with hellebore.

484
01:17:08.140 --> 01:17:15.760
Richard Ernst: On the left or the right side there we put we've been putting this all together into a plumbing system story, we have a mantle plume you have.

485
01:17:16.900 --> 01:17:28.120
Richard Ernst: magnetic under pressure melting magnetic underplayed developed and then sales and dykes dykes moving radio Lee away from the plume Center and also the circle differential dykes systems here.

486
01:17:29.080 --> 01:17:40.780
Richard Ernst: be seeing this plan view here that it's a wrote it down a bit, you can see parsons of irradiating night swarm you can see a giant circumstantial swarm these on earth we see out to potentially 2000.

487
01:17:41.200 --> 01:17:48.340
Richard Ernst: Almost 2000 kilometers of a similar scale that we infer also on Venus associated with the features, we call corona.

488
01:17:48.910 --> 01:17:56.350
Richard Ernst: And then all the blue all these different kinds of intrusions that are associated and so province so that's just an overview of the plumbing system.

489
01:17:56.560 --> 01:18:06.700
Richard Ernst: But one of the reasons that it's exciting to look at the plumbing system is potentially trying to track magma batches based on geochemistry upstream and downstream through the system.

490
01:18:07.630 --> 01:18:12.670
Richard Ernst: From a mining company perspective who's been funding, some of our work that's important for tracking.

491
01:18:13.150 --> 01:18:21.640
Richard Ernst: kalka file element depleted Magnus back to areas where the metals may have been deposited in a magma Chamber before or upstream.

492
01:18:22.240 --> 01:18:37.390
Richard Ernst: And this leads to this new geochemical diagram just came out and they're just coming out of lettuce Julian pierce's working with us and develop this new lip printing diagram that takes them trace element ratios and is very diagnostic in terms of the distribution of.

493
01:18:38.860 --> 01:18:45.760
Richard Ernst: kind of sources and each kind of each lip seems to have its own unique character here's a diagram using that.

494
01:18:46.630 --> 01:18:55.060
Richard Ernst: On that on that here's the camp data showing different to squeak groups and different histories that are part of and well image well distinguish.

495
01:18:55.570 --> 01:19:02.380
Richard Ernst: The different magma batches well distinguished on this diagram so we're hoping that this diagram that's you know becomes.

496
01:19:03.040 --> 01:19:12.370
Richard Ernst: widely used, it does seem to be a really neat neat tool to meet new tool for us, one of the big things is using lips, in terms of continental reconstruction.

497
01:19:12.820 --> 01:19:19.990
Richard Ernst: and break up so here's the guava breakup history with stars locating the plumes and associated large against provinces.

498
01:19:20.410 --> 01:19:29.650
Richard Ernst: Each of those lips and slash plumes is associated with the progressive breakup of coffee guana as we look back in time we look at the radiating night storms.

499
01:19:29.920 --> 01:19:41.800
Richard Ernst: And we can take come up with similar kind of stories in this case the superior krypton of North America and then potential pieces that were conjugated the time and broke up in the Paleo protozoa.

500
01:19:42.220 --> 01:19:53.560
Richard Ernst: The link with mass extinctions this is lots of fun these days lots of new insights I it's been speculated for many years at the timing of logic and this provinces is linked with the Association of of.

501
01:19:54.220 --> 01:20:06.160
Richard Ernst: of periods of mass extinction and the evidence is is scaling so strong now for the with new precise date and Siberian trap associated with the promo triassic boundary.

502
01:20:06.700 --> 01:20:14.320
Richard Ernst: Are magnificent central have a magnetic province that yeah we did so much key work on associated with the triassic Jurassic boundary.

503
01:20:15.070 --> 01:20:32.080
Richard Ernst: And then, as you look at even the can event of India associated with the end cretaceous and the demise of the dinosaurs, this is the one case where we got a one two story between a me meteorite in large in this province and, in this case there's a meteorite impact story, at the same time.

504
01:20:33.220 --> 01:20:38.950
Richard Ernst: A lot of developments, and all this is a new book that he you monograph that just came out it's.

505
01:20:39.670 --> 01:20:47.410
Richard Ernst: The articles of chapters 21 chapters are all open source, so the free to download and it's covering all these aspects are many of these aspects.

506
01:20:48.100 --> 01:20:57.310
Richard Ernst: Both the global warming global cooling and oxy acid rain and all these other things that are a consequence of margin is provinces and their contribution, have a contribution to.

507
01:20:57.820 --> 01:21:06.100
Richard Ernst: Mass extinctions and environmental change not only global warming but also go cool global cooling, we now recognize that the certain.

508
01:21:06.580 --> 01:21:17.740
Richard Ernst: glaciation this one of this major neoproterozoic glaciations is linked to the onset of the number of 720 million year old logic is provinces globally.

509
01:21:18.400 --> 01:21:21.040
Richard Ernst: One of the other things that we're exploring these days is using.

510
01:21:21.400 --> 01:21:30.550
Richard Ernst: The lip events as proxies for natural boundaries in the precambrian the current precambrian timescale has a lot of approximate boundaries, to the nearest hundred million years.

511
01:21:31.000 --> 01:21:41.470
Richard Ernst: And so we're making proposals that many of these boundaries can be properly proxy by logic is provinces that represent natural.

512
01:21:42.010 --> 01:21:54.550
Richard Ernst: Massive perturbations of the atmosphere ocean system and would correlate with massive changes in the environmental record, and these are some key ones here the start of the credit union this massive activity at.

513
01:21:55.840 --> 01:21:59.440
Richard Ernst: Maybe starting starting the ecstasy and so on.

514
01:22:02.290 --> 01:22:04.930
Richard Ernst: And finally, I just wanted to show a quick.

515
01:22:05.950 --> 01:22:10.570
Richard Ernst: I would love to kind of explored with you some some more of the.

516
01:22:11.860 --> 01:22:23.560
Richard Ernst: The analogues on lip analogs on other planets I do a lot of work on Venus and there's just a magnificent in the sign your personal your projection of Venus you can see these individual volcanic centers here.

517
01:22:24.730 --> 01:22:33.940
Richard Ernst: And there's in green this volcano volcano and their flow is extending maybe 500 kilometers in some cases, away from the Blum Center.

518
01:22:34.300 --> 01:22:48.970
Richard Ernst: And you have these radiating riff systems topographic and God highs here at beta reach you at athlone rijo famous Regio and many other places, and you also have these beautiful volcanoes here you have finale these.

519
01:22:50.260 --> 01:22:53.800
Richard Ernst: lava channel systems, the longest one is maybe 7000 kilometers.

520
01:22:55.330 --> 01:23:11.980
Richard Ernst: As one of the professors that Western and Marty Gilmore you know knows knows Venus is just so exciting to work on and and it's his corona these things that we think are analogous to terrestrial circumstantial swarms So that is my just quick.

521
01:23:13.450 --> 01:23:22.540
Richard Ernst: tour of some of the aspects of logic is provinces and and the inspiration and mentoring, that the elite of war.

522
01:23:23.560 --> 01:23:31.540
Richard Ernst: has provided to me, not only during my time at wesleyan but in the and many times, we were in touch in subsequent years, so thank you.

523
01:23:43.120 --> 01:23:43.870
Richard Ernst: I can't hear.

524
01:23:44.080 --> 01:23:45.340
bill oh.

525
01:23:47.170 --> 01:23:51.730
Phil Resor (he/him): I forgot I just thank you yep sent a little compliment the chat.

526
01:23:52.750 --> 01:24:01.690
Phil Resor (he/him): And just saying Kelly was very proud of you, and I think i'm gonna unfortunately Richard a great job being on time but i'm just gonna take that time back right now.

527
01:24:02.410 --> 01:24:05.620
Phil Resor (he/him): We have discussion in 20 minutes, so thank you.

528
01:24:07.240 --> 01:24:10.660
Phil Resor (he/him): Next up is Greg mccowan and i'm going to play your presentation is that right Greg.

529
01:24:11.710 --> 01:24:12.160
Greg McHone: i'm here.

530
01:24:13.060 --> 01:24:15.070
Phil Resor (he/him): Do you want me to play the video or do you want to give it.

531
01:24:16.510 --> 01:24:19.270
Greg McHone: You need to run the video, otherwise they run over time.

532
01:24:20.350 --> 01:24:31.060
Phil Resor (he/him): All right, keeping himself honest alright so i'm going to cue that up in a second, the next talk is necessary hotspots and big nice events contrasts and contentions by Greg mccowan.

533
01:24:32.110 --> 01:24:36.220
Phil Resor (he/him): And so I will share and then hopefully get the audio working.

534
01:24:40.690 --> 01:24:43.360
Phil Resor (he/him): All right does everyone see Greg stock now.

535
01:24:44.080 --> 01:24:44.590
Richard Ernst: Yes.

536
01:24:44.890 --> 01:24:45.820
Phil Resor (he/him): Yes, all right.

537
01:24:46.000 --> 01:24:46.630
Greg McHone: so far.

538
01:24:48.040 --> 01:24:50.950
Phil Resor (he/him): And the audio part I think it's a challenge.

539
01:24:54.550 --> 01:24:56.050
Phil Resor (he/him): yoke where did I see this.

540
01:24:56.350 --> 01:25:01.900
Johan Varekamp: So you gotta hit that button at the lower left it says share.

541
01:25:03.340 --> 01:25:04.630
Johan Varekamp: Computer audio.

542
01:25:06.760 --> 01:25:08.380
Phil Resor (he/him): All right, it's not in my lower left.

543
01:25:08.710 --> 01:25:09.880
Johan Varekamp: When you go to the.

544
01:25:11.110 --> 01:25:14.230
Johan Varekamp: To the share share screen so.

545
01:25:14.320 --> 01:25:15.460
Phil Resor (he/him): Oh so maybe I.

546
01:25:15.850 --> 01:25:17.050
Phil Resor (he/him): started to share it do it again.

547
01:25:17.440 --> 01:25:18.430
Johan Varekamp: do it again.

548
01:25:24.940 --> 01:25:25.360
Phil Resor (he/him): I see it.

549
01:25:33.520 --> 01:25:34.570
Phil Resor (he/him): Sorry, my password.

550
01:25:46.780 --> 01:25:51.790
below the bar and I had some common interest to the masses archaeology of these to North America.

551
01:25:53.230 --> 01:25:58.480
You both welcome the new paradigm of plate tectonics in the late 1960s and early 70s.

552
01:25:59.800 --> 01:26:01.360
He had a good head start on me.

553
01:26:04.450 --> 01:26:11.830
However, we never did see eye to eye on the origins and sequences of the great thanks and basalts of the eastern North America rift zone.

554
01:26:12.940 --> 01:26:15.280
For pangea broke apart in the early Jurassic.

555
01:26:16.510 --> 01:26:24.640
We discussed this when we first met in 1976 at unc Chapel Hill, where I was working on my PhD.

556
01:26:26.230 --> 01:26:29.500
And we discussed it again many times over the next 30 years.

557
01:26:32.230 --> 01:26:42.010
In some years afterward yellow and I work together to write a chapter for one of the Dean ag decade and North American geology volumes for the GSA centennial.

558
01:26:43.060 --> 01:26:44.800
Where we describe different models.

559
01:26:48.790 --> 01:26:56.440
In the 1970s at Carolina we were studying the great swarms of dollar right dykes in eastern North America or DNA.

560
01:26:57.610 --> 01:27:03.580
which are now known to be about two one ma or near the drastic drastic boundary.

561
01:27:05.380 --> 01:27:09.310
This theme was spearheaded by Paul ragland, who was a good friend of yummy.

562
01:27:11.050 --> 01:27:17.440
It was obvious to us that the decks are related to the lifting of pangea and the creation of the Atlantic Ocean.

563
01:27:19.240 --> 01:27:27.400
But their exact ages and sequences how they form and how they're related to the reservations are major questions.

564
01:27:32.110 --> 01:27:42.790
Most of you are aware of how the deep metal plume explains hotspots which are places of volcanism not associated with plate margins, or maybe plate tectonics.

565
01:27:44.620 --> 01:27:56.230
The model originated with Jay tues or welts and in the 1960s, to explain the chain of hawaiian seamounts, and it was expanded by Jason Morgan in the 1970s.

566
01:27:58.060 --> 01:28:04.180
It was later propose that it could also make provinces affiliated flood basalts.

567
01:28:05.350 --> 01:28:10.000
Perhaps, followed by an age progressive chain of alkaline volcanoes and it gets complex.

568
01:28:11.800 --> 01:28:13.120
yellow like this model.

569
01:28:18.670 --> 01:28:29.170
I on the other hand, like an alternate model that calls on upper mantle convection or thermal anomalies compositional heterogeneity and lift the search structures.

570
01:28:30.610 --> 01:28:32.830
All of which can be related to plate tectonics.

571
01:28:34.870 --> 01:28:38.860
This figure was made by dawn Anderson one of the great mental geophysicist.

572
01:28:41.380 --> 01:28:45.760
But bear in mind models or explanations they're not evidence.

573
01:28:47.110 --> 01:28:49.720
Which is not so easy to come by when it's deep in here.

574
01:28:51.250 --> 01:28:57.790
For that reason, most metrology start with observations of surface geology and then work downwards.

575
01:28:58.960 --> 01:29:04.270
Whereas here physicist often start with mental models and then work upwards.

576
01:29:06.760 --> 01:29:09.730
I recommend the mantle plumes or website.

577
01:29:10.990 --> 01:29:19.990
or you'll see there's still a lot of work to do before we really understand how the mantle is connected to plate tectonics and hotspot volcanism.

578
01:29:23.890 --> 01:29:31.270
una dikes and results come from Upper mantels source zones that have been enriched by so Dr contact level rock.

579
01:29:33.250 --> 01:29:35.200
The mainly Oliver in courts fully I.

580
01:29:36.730 --> 01:29:41.230
Know Alkali basalts no age progressive volcano track no central uplift.

581
01:29:43.870 --> 01:29:51.100
But are the flood the salts of the DNA basins produced by mainly vertical flow from regional sources.

582
01:29:52.270 --> 01:29:56.650
or collateral flow from distant booms produce the results.

583
01:30:01.780 --> 01:30:08.260
In a province is just part of the best Central Atlantic magnetic progress or camp.

584
01:30:09.760 --> 01:30:17.080
And a connection between among the dikes was suggested by Paul main way back in 1971.

585
01:30:19.360 --> 01:30:25.990
The Center for what appears to be radiating dioxide is near the blake pato which is northeast Florida.

586
01:30:28.510 --> 01:30:35.620
The results of the campus spread over 11 million square kilometers many are far from the proposed pool.

587
01:30:37.630 --> 01:30:40.300
Also, not the big silverton Africa and South America.

588
01:30:41.740 --> 01:30:48.160
In addition, there's no updated Center know start my alkalinity is mag was a no plume track.

589
01:30:51.550 --> 01:30:57.790
The model requires lateral flow in the camp like up to 1500 kilometers.

590
01:30:59.020 --> 01:30:59.770
And that would be.

591
01:31:00.880 --> 01:31:05.650
Partly are mostly subsurface but presumably within a little sphere.

592
01:31:06.760 --> 01:31:10.810
And then the magma must rise to produce flood the salt hear their end.

593
01:31:13.660 --> 01:31:16.180
I have trouble understanding the mechanics of this.

594
01:31:21.340 --> 01:31:23.530
As may pointed out in 1971.

595
01:31:24.640 --> 01:31:27.310
The decks are in linear sets they're not radio.

596
01:31:28.840 --> 01:31:34.090
And the orientations of the sets are controlled by stress patterns of the little sphere as it reflected.

597
01:31:36.370 --> 01:31:45.910
The three major trends in the camp area are aligned with three riff trends that split Africa from Western pangea in a fairly drastic.

598
01:31:54.400 --> 01:31:56.950
middle source regions for dykes our depth players.

599
01:31:58.450 --> 01:32:00.850
As well as lateral zones in the mantle.

600
01:32:02.140 --> 01:32:05.800
The very end composition in composition and or temperature.

601
01:32:07.960 --> 01:32:13.840
The different compositions of the basalt that we see across the camp or partial melts of these mantels own.

602
01:32:15.700 --> 01:32:19.720
Magnus must rise vertically and dykes, as well as horizontally.

603
01:32:21.370 --> 01:32:25.030
As the fractures they intrude are propagated through the brittleness of sphere.

604
01:32:30.280 --> 01:32:34.480
I modify this diagram from the Internet for flood basalts from type fractures.

605
01:32:36.580 --> 01:32:44.170
It shows a continuous Fisher eruption but at the same time actually can produce separate zones of surface volcanism were gaps.

606
01:32:45.790 --> 01:32:48.850
Where the magma must have lateral subsurface flow.

607
01:32:52.180 --> 01:32:56.380
basalts then would rise with the magma pressure is high enough.

608
01:32:57.550 --> 01:33:01.840
And not much where the pressure in the magma dyck is lower.

609
01:33:05.290 --> 01:33:15.670
yellow and colleagues Richard Ernst and Andrew Lindsay look for magnetic evidence for lateral flow in large northeastern dykes, as will be discussed in a few minutes.

610
01:33:17.200 --> 01:33:22.060
yeah thanks we're also conduits for large volumes of surface lava in the basis.

611
01:33:25.990 --> 01:33:30.310
For the songs were spread everywhere that their source takes occur.

612
01:33:31.360 --> 01:33:32.620
Not just innovation.

613
01:33:37.000 --> 01:33:39.430
The earliest basalts and basis for Virginia.

614
01:33:40.750 --> 01:33:46.180
To north to Nova Scotia appear to have the same compositions and ages.

615
01:33:48.040 --> 01:33:49.300
And so they're komack magic.

616
01:33:52.390 --> 01:33:56.020
They match up with a very long takes system, a source type.

617
01:33:57.310 --> 01:33:59.800
That includes the Pearl River like in new brunswick.

618
01:34:00.820 --> 01:34:06.610
The Christmas cold dark and main hagen i'm dying and Connecticut other nights farther south.

619
01:34:07.780 --> 01:34:11.170
They all appear to be identical and composition and age.

620
01:34:16.090 --> 01:34:26.530
If lava from this type system covered bases in this big region, it must also have covered some areas outside with the basin's where the topography allows.

621
01:34:28.750 --> 01:34:34.750
I estimated about 50,000 cubic kilometer basalt in my 1996 geology paper.

622
01:34:36.340 --> 01:34:44.740
Most of the facades been removed, but there's still about 9200 killer Cuban kilometers just in the funding base and.

623
01:34:46.600 --> 01:34:49.750
As you might guess yella was unhappy with my model.

624
01:34:51.010 --> 01:34:52.810
And he told me, I should not have published it.

625
01:34:54.070 --> 01:34:55.990
He was not alone and that opinion.

626
01:34:58.450 --> 01:35:01.330
But I remained convince it's close to reality.

627
01:35:09.940 --> 01:35:14.500
yellow and I an Andy Andrew.

628
01:35:15.550 --> 01:35:26.890
Lindsay when in July of 1994 to collect some core samples for am its analysis index in maine and in Nova Scotia new brunswick.

629
01:35:34.690 --> 01:35:42.820
Mostly these were in the Christmas cold night, there was also one in the on way died and we visited a few on grand man as well.

630
01:35:47.770 --> 01:35:54.040
here's yali and Andy drilling a core and the Christmas cold died.

631
01:35:55.360 --> 01:35:58.180
on mountain road near harps will mean.

632
01:36:00.370 --> 01:36:11.140
I think the deal it tilts very steeply like this, where I think segment is ending, like others, the Christmas called extended on Ashkelon segments.

633
01:36:12.640 --> 01:36:14.200
That show left lateral offset.

634
01:36:16.150 --> 01:36:20.770
This is a strain feature related to stress pattern that's not aligned with the date fracture.

635
01:36:25.930 --> 01:36:27.730
coastline also had good exposures.

636
01:36:29.260 --> 01:36:35.470
landowners in maine often object to trespassing on their shoreline even for a good cause, like ours.

637
01:36:36.910 --> 01:36:39.790
But it's not a problem at this location on harps well neck.

638
01:36:44.920 --> 01:36:47.680
I came to the same location some years earlier.

639
01:36:49.780 --> 01:36:54.640
artist he pointed me towards many of these main localities which helped a lot.

640
01:36:57.190 --> 01:36:57.670
yellow.

641
01:36:58.990 --> 01:37:08.380
And Andy found good Ms evidence for a major component of horizontal flow and dikes and then portions of the north mountain basalt in the Bay of fundy.

642
01:37:13.240 --> 01:37:23.950
1986 Tony phillpotts and his student Angela martello publish their correlation of the three large takes outside the hartford base with the three basalts within the mason.

643
01:37:25.600 --> 01:37:31.630
I discussed this with young man who is not convinced, but I think he gradually came to accept it.

644
01:37:33.520 --> 01:37:42.640
You should remember that is really Paleo magnetic work indicated that the hagen and like was younger, then the results within the base.

645
01:37:46.000 --> 01:37:47.620
The hagen and bag is actually.

646
01:37:48.700 --> 01:37:54.790
The oldest of the three big dikes and it's called magnetic where the oldest basalt the TELCO.

647
01:37:56.110 --> 01:37:59.920
and also with a large sales in the lower triassic Arkansas.

648
01:38:02.620 --> 01:38:13.390
This is also critical evidence for the model in which lava and perhaps some strata that it float on would originally extend well outside of the modern basin.

649
01:38:14.530 --> 01:38:16.540
A model called broad train.

650
01:38:21.130 --> 01:38:28.150
basalt flows are clearly truncated by the big eastern border fault of the hartford basin shown in the state bedrock map.

651
01:38:30.430 --> 01:38:42.700
However, there are louisville fans of basement rocks mixed with some basalt boulders that are well known in the Jurassic portland information above the basalt.

652
01:38:44.920 --> 01:38:49.300
Certainly date significant sin sedimentary border fall activity.

653
01:38:50.770 --> 01:38:55.690
And it's one of the basis is for the closed facing mouth.

654
01:38:59.860 --> 01:39:03.700
But suppose very little of the border faulting occurred before the Jurassic.

655
01:39:06.160 --> 01:39:09.490
Then the bases were originally be more like these cross section.

656
01:39:12.130 --> 01:39:19.810
The fair haven diet, which is the latest triassic and he is observed to feed the TELCO basalt also latest triassic.

657
01:39:21.040 --> 01:39:22.480
Within the hartford base and.

658
01:39:25.210 --> 01:39:29.980
Where and where it was faulted in the southeastern part of Connecticut.

659
01:39:31.960 --> 01:39:34.630
If you move it back before faulting.

660
01:39:35.830 --> 01:39:40.180
The fair haven diet may well have been directly over the present hagar them die.

661
01:39:42.070 --> 01:39:42.880
One in the same.

662
01:39:45.100 --> 01:39:48.670
strata and basalt flows do get sicker toward the eastern border.

663
01:39:49.870 --> 01:39:53.230
showing some surface tilt perhaps some base and sagging.

664
01:39:55.420 --> 01:39:58.210
But it's only a small part of the tilting that we see today.

665
01:40:00.790 --> 01:40:05.020
Most of the normal faulting of the eastern border postdates the basalts.

666
01:40:13.690 --> 01:40:14.680
UCLA leading.

667
01:40:16.510 --> 01:40:17.740
Any ideas field trip.

668
01:40:19.870 --> 01:40:20.710
With phil wrestling.

669
01:40:22.360 --> 01:40:25.900
I was on a trip, it was a great pleasure to be there.

670
01:40:28.060 --> 01:40:32.080
that's Tony phillpotts, by the way, holding reality math.

671
01:40:35.950 --> 01:40:44.080
As I said earlier, I was very pleased to be a colleague of yelling, although we did not agree on some of these models.

672
01:40:45.940 --> 01:40:47.440
He was a friend and.

673
01:40:48.640 --> 01:40:49.540
I respected and.

674
01:40:51.160 --> 01:40:52.270
i'm sorry he's gone.

675
01:40:56.110 --> 01:41:05.110
i'm old myself down not real old old enough to be retired I live summers on Graham and an island in the Bay of fundy.

676
01:41:06.430 --> 01:41:08.710
And in winters in southern Arizona.

677
01:41:09.970 --> 01:41:15.760
You can contact me, though, it Greg to geologists.net i'm happy to discuss some of this.

678
01:41:16.900 --> 01:41:20.320
i'll also be publishing a couple of more manuscripts before i'm done.

679
01:41:21.940 --> 01:41:22.330
Thank you.

680
01:41:33.250 --> 01:41:35.020
Greg McHone: Thank you you're welcome.

681
01:41:35.770 --> 01:41:36.760
Johan Varekamp: Good going.

682
01:41:38.560 --> 01:41:42.100
Phil Resor (he/him): Alright, so I think we've reached our discussion section time and.

683
01:41:43.450 --> 01:41:54.580
Phil Resor (he/him): Since we haven't really had a chance for questions, I guess, we would invite questions for any of the speakers or any general comments and questions and we've got 15 minutes now and then we have a natural break at 10 o'clock.

684
01:41:56.470 --> 01:41:57.370
Phil Resor (he/him): To 1020.

685
01:41:58.390 --> 01:42:06.370
Phil Resor (he/him): So, I guess, I think, for this would be nice if people just if they wanted to turn on their videos and just unmute and we can just sort of have a freewheeling discussion.

686
01:42:11.860 --> 01:42:13.600
Jean Crespi: So I had a question for Greg.

687
01:42:14.320 --> 01:42:14.950
Jean Crespi: Yes, Jane.

688
01:42:16.600 --> 01:42:26.110
Jean Crespi: I was interested in your comment about how the arm the assaults and the inner bedded sedimentary units i'm thinking a little bit towards the eastern border fault.

689
01:42:26.440 --> 01:42:36.160
Jean Crespi: They do yeah and so is that well how could this the evidence for that, given that there's also probably some a long strike variation in the thicknesses of those units.

690
01:42:38.290 --> 01:42:52.510
Greg McHone: Well it's partly a function of well it's a function of the topography, when the lava was forming of course it's a it's a liquid the bottom of it follows the topography of the top of it's more or less level so.

691
01:42:54.070 --> 01:43:13.630
Greg McHone: If the eastern border fall who's moving and things are tilting downward or the East well it'll be a little thicker toward the East but it's not a lot thicker toward these, and it is the psalter truncated by the eastern border phone no they originally covered areas.

692
01:43:15.040 --> 01:43:17.680
Greg McHone: East of the border home there's really no way around it.

693
01:43:18.790 --> 01:43:23.440
Jean Crespi: I guess, I guess, my question Greg is really since there's no seismic in the basin.

694
01:43:24.910 --> 01:43:32.740
Jean Crespi: And the exposure is small, what you know you're going in the field and measuring the strap thicknesses and you, you can't do it necessarily along the.

695
01:43:32.740 --> 01:43:37.120
Jean Crespi: Line you're going to have to go off along strike and so i'm just wondering how.

696
01:43:38.260 --> 01:43:42.700
Jean Crespi: How, you know your judgment of how good that date, those data are.

697
01:43:43.780 --> 01:43:54.220
Greg McHone: Because of erosion, I think you can get closer and farther from the eastern border fault, but I don't I don't have a map in front of me to show you exactly how it, how you can see, parts of it.

698
01:43:55.330 --> 01:43:55.600
Greg McHone: But.

699
01:43:56.770 --> 01:44:04.180
Greg McHone: i'm just pretty much following what the earlier papers have told me, you have to remember i'm.

700
01:44:05.860 --> 01:44:11.470
Greg McHone: i'm i'm 12 years away from this already forgetting, a lot of the things I thought I knew at one time.

701
01:44:13.330 --> 01:44:17.170
Jean Crespi: Well, it was great to see the retrospective on on all those papers, thank you.

702
01:44:18.250 --> 01:44:19.330
Phil Resor (he/him): Leon to jump in.

703
01:44:20.230 --> 01:44:21.370
LeeAnn Srogi: yeah just a quick note.

704
01:44:22.390 --> 01:44:30.370
LeeAnn Srogi: I don't know anything about art for basin details, but in the Newark basin there's been beautiful work by the.

705
01:44:30.850 --> 01:44:41.440
LeeAnn Srogi: Various geologists, especially at rutgers and Martha with jack has a couple papers one in a philosophical transaction volume and a more recent one, and let the sphere.

706
01:44:42.370 --> 01:44:55.930
LeeAnn Srogi: That increase in thickness of the sediments towards the border fault is very subtle, but they do have good seismic lines and deep draw core in the New York basin and she's done beautiful Palin spastic reconstructions of the basin's.

707
01:44:56.770 --> 01:45:01.990
LeeAnn Srogi: Based on some work thermal work by Marianne melon conoco and student and.

708
01:45:03.460 --> 01:45:13.510
LeeAnn Srogi: suggested the basis for much wider and that they may have been connected, so the Newark basin hartford base and may have been connected when they were active so it's a really interesting story and beautiful work.

709
01:45:16.270 --> 01:45:17.890
Greg McHone: I i'm sure that's true.

710
01:45:19.000 --> 01:45:28.510
Bill Burton: We work Greg and I worked in the pump Rod and there is evidence of local sedimentation even down near the base of the section you get.

711
01:45:28.900 --> 01:45:38.050
Bill Burton: class of rock that did not come from the east and so on, but we also establish the existence of the third basalt and you got three basalt.

712
01:45:38.530 --> 01:45:46.540
Bill Burton: In all these bases, you know why would that be, if everything is just strictly localized and you know governed by local.

713
01:45:47.020 --> 01:46:06.010
Bill Burton: tectonic, so I think you can make a hybrid model out of this and and have some local sedimentation and then in the in the Jurassic maybe things got more cosmopolitan and then you know more more local faulting there at the end or something like that so.

714
01:46:07.420 --> 01:46:11.410
Greg McHone: I wish somebody would do some detail on it, I think you're right.

715
01:46:14.800 --> 01:46:26.050
Johan Varekamp: I think it was nice Greg to see in your last slides were a yellowy and Tony are holding the same math I think I mean this is basically what science is the problems.

716
01:46:26.740 --> 01:46:35.290
Johan Varekamp: Was large basalt flows are so much bigger than all the minds together again actually it compares and so they're hauling the problems in the hills and they're.

717
01:46:35.680 --> 01:46:42.520
Johan Varekamp: talking to each other, I asked Tony to to give a talk in this session, but he certainly enough couldn't make it otherwise he would have done it.

718
01:46:43.270 --> 01:46:54.430
Johan Varekamp: And when I just came to Leslie was very vehement manga all wrong and this and that and so later on, they all grow to it so don't say yeah yeah yeah.

719
01:46:55.630 --> 01:47:00.910
Johan Varekamp: And we haven't solved these problems, yet we will be working on that for many years to come.

720
01:47:02.200 --> 01:47:02.950
Adam Goss, Wes 01': Like you know your.

721
01:47:03.670 --> 01:47:04.270
Bill Burton: comment.

722
01:47:04.630 --> 01:47:05.020
Adam Goss, Wes 01': Go ahead you.

723
01:47:05.170 --> 01:47:17.440
Bill Burton: came to wesleyan in the fall of 70 intending to be a astronomy major and I struggled through that I struggled through the math and and all that, and it was in the physics.

724
01:47:17.920 --> 01:47:29.020
Bill Burton: In the fall 71 I took man's geological environment yellow least class in, and that was it, you know we went out looked at and outcrop and I was, I was sold.

725
01:47:29.440 --> 01:47:40.090
Bill Burton: And that spring there weren't any undergraduate classes, but I found a graduate course that had no prerequisites so I took that now, I was on my way but.

726
01:47:40.630 --> 01:47:46.720
Bill Burton: The last time we were out in a might have been, I think it was that same any I gc trips standing up there on that.

727
01:47:47.440 --> 01:48:00.190
Bill Burton: On the basalt with yellow and he told the story of the tips of the little black dog, which is immortalized on the State map and I will tell it here but it's it it's a fun story that he loves to tell.

728
01:48:08.110 --> 01:48:11.590
Phil Resor (he/him): Anyone have questions for the other speakers, or just things they want to say about.

729
01:48:11.710 --> 01:48:15.400
Adam Goss, Wes 01': I have a comment and it's just it's so nice to see all this work.

730
01:48:16.450 --> 01:48:27.610
Adam Goss, Wes 01': Inspired by jelly on the Connecticut hartford Basin and the triassic Jurassic riff basins associated with the breakup of gone wanna I think yoke showed at the very beginning.

731
01:48:28.930 --> 01:48:38.620
Adam Goss, Wes 01': yellow pointing out some copper mineralization on a wall on a on a on a stone wall and I work into the resource industry and.

732
01:48:39.490 --> 01:48:49.060
Adam Goss, Wes 01': Many of these concepts, particularly just reminding me of the triassic dressing read bed in intubated read bed volcanic system in some of these subsequent talks.

733
01:48:49.630 --> 01:49:00.010
Adam Goss, Wes 01': This is the classic stratigraphy that sets up sedimentary copper basins around the world where you have you have read beds are the other source rock.

734
01:49:00.610 --> 01:49:17.140
Adam Goss, Wes 01': of copper and then copper then moves up through fluids into a organic rich black shale layer at the top in chemical chemically trapped so like the Cooper cheaper in in in Germany or the big Katanga basins in central southern.

735
01:49:18.880 --> 01:49:26.530
Adam Goss, Wes 01': Africa and it just reminded me my team my team in the company I work on is working on these exact problems and it's just great to see.

736
01:49:27.370 --> 01:49:36.670
Adam Goss, Wes 01': Some of this fundamental geology that that yellowy and his and his students around the world have have worked on is still raising questions and it's still providing.

737
01:49:37.180 --> 01:49:53.500
Adam Goss, Wes 01': The world with resources copper will be one of the we call it a future facing commodity that's going to be instrumental in batteries and wiring electronics, to bring us to the 21st and 22nd century the energy transition so just really interesting work and just really glad to see it.

738
01:49:56.530 --> 01:50:04.240
Richard Ernst: The, can I just ask Adam is there any or is it is there, is there any evidence, for I don't think of any black shale so in specifically in any of the.

739
01:50:05.680 --> 01:50:22.330
Richard Ernst: The new work series basins, are there, so the copper, maybe there but it's only been locally mobilized, I presume, or is there any is there any sort of concentration of copper around the margins of some of the dikes or some of the sales though that's something we see in.

740
01:50:22.690 --> 01:50:23.950
Richard Ernst: Canada, we got a whole bunch of.

741
01:50:24.280 --> 01:50:35.260
Richard Ernst: Interesting mobilization in the depressing cells in the cobalt plate there's a whole bunch of or deposits near towns Kai called let's see any way some towns in the area that have.

742
01:50:36.160 --> 01:50:52.930
Adam Goss, Wes 01': So there is, if you go up to the Bay of fundy in the in the in the Canadian base in the in between the Bay of in the Bay of fundy Basically, there are some copper sedimentary copper deposits up there and that's an area that's renewed exploration, but also, as you go up towards Greenland.

743
01:50:54.520 --> 01:51:02.680
Adam Goss, Wes 01': It you know all along that whole Caledonian margin there's all sorts of of potential for for prospective at.

744
01:51:03.850 --> 01:51:12.400
Adam Goss, Wes 01': The mini in the maps that y'all showed showed the same thing so it's just really you know those are the same areas that many of the large resource companies are looking at.

745
01:51:15.460 --> 01:51:16.870
Phil Resor (he/him): Gene crespi noted that.

746
01:51:17.020 --> 01:51:23.500
Phil Resor (he/him): chat that the copper tends to be in the upper most behave in archives below the first basalt the top cut the hartford basin.

747
01:51:26.320 --> 01:51:41.650
Johan Varekamp: I think in Meriden we find is there i'd veins and he was fascinated by because that little blips of tower floating in the air is suggesting that it came from some organic rich environment, possibly some black sails but.

748
01:51:47.230 --> 01:51:49.180
Richard Ernst: Where where where were those in the sequence.

749
01:51:50.260 --> 01:51:50.530
Richard Ernst: yep.

750
01:51:52.660 --> 01:52:05.710
Johan Varekamp: This is going back a long time that we're standing in front of this outcrops on the side of the freeway going through through Meriden at this point i'm not hundred percent sure, but he's a cross cutting veins of buried.

751
01:52:06.670 --> 01:52:14.560
Johan Varekamp: At the time we interpreted that as being related to the volcanism the yeah so i'm not hundred percent sure.

752
01:52:17.680 --> 01:52:18.370
Greg McHone: You have balls.

753
01:52:18.490 --> 01:52:23.680
Greg McHone: copper and bear right associated with the salty on grandma on an island.

754
01:52:24.790 --> 01:52:26.230
Greg McHone: And they're both certainly.

755
01:52:27.850 --> 01:52:28.540
Greg McHone: mesozoic.

756
01:52:29.950 --> 01:52:37.450
Greg McHone: mesozoic economic deposit their small copper is actually within the basalt itself here need a proper.

757
01:52:41.470 --> 01:52:50.320
Johan Varekamp: Right, I think there's another study of of of Tony that he looked at self for saturation in the melt which correlates with the amount of.

758
01:52:51.310 --> 01:53:07.990
Johan Varekamp: of copper in the in the mouth and once you lose that self or saturation that sucked all the copper on them, and you may know that sorry but I think to other folks who are rich in copper copper and whatnot and that was related to it to sell for saturation.

759
01:53:17.290 --> 01:53:28.480
Johan Varekamp: Really encouraged me to work more on the local results i'm not sure why I always went to the other side of the world to do my work was so much interesting stuff was right, I was at my doorstep and.

760
01:53:29.050 --> 01:53:34.420
Johan Varekamp: I tried to make apple and a few years ago, working on the TELCO was a student that was about it.

761
01:53:36.070 --> 01:53:46.030
Richard Ernst: The the the central letting magnetic province, you know and the portion in and in the western part of the world is that is such a magnificent event of all it's the you know.

762
01:53:46.540 --> 01:53:55.990
Richard Ernst: Cover as part of an event that covers 10 million square kilometers and all the super precise uranium lead dating now puts seems to put virtually all of it.

763
01:53:56.470 --> 01:54:08.440
Richard Ernst: Within a million million and a half years, so it is a, it is a stunning event and so many great great aspects to figure out how you know yeah I mean lots of great questions about in.

764
01:54:09.550 --> 01:54:20.530
Richard Ernst: And we sort of tended been thinking a lot now about the the weight of the various kind of generalizations that can be associated with such a huge magnetic province, not just the magnetic cell phones, but all sorts of.

765
01:54:21.790 --> 01:54:31.330
Richard Ernst: thermal input from the from the sales dikes etc into surrounding sediments and mobilizing metals and all that stuff so if there's so many great questions remaining about.

766
01:54:32.800 --> 01:54:38.140
Richard Ernst: camping and Connecticut area and included yeah.

767
01:54:40.360 --> 01:54:54.850
Adam Goss, Wes 01': I have the I have the modern day analog of Jurassic Connecticut right behind me over my right shoulder just a modern Red Sea with its plume basalts and border faults and red beds.

768
01:54:58.120 --> 01:54:59.350
Adam Goss, Wes 01': I didn't do that on purpose.

769
01:55:02.680 --> 01:55:09.550
Martha Gilmore: Richard I was fascinated by your suggestion to actually to divvy up the precambrian more precisely.

770
01:55:11.470 --> 01:55:22.900
Martha Gilmore: I love is it's wonderful and actually my question is sort of logistical like like how, how does one like go through the process of actually renaming you know arrows and and.

771
01:55:24.880 --> 01:55:31.540
Martha Gilmore: get your suggestion to to be part of the strike up a column i'm just curious about the methodology.

772
01:55:32.170 --> 01:55:32.950
Richard Ernst: And yeah I love it.

773
01:55:33.100 --> 01:55:44.080
Richard Ernst: i've evolved a little bit a little bit because you know, in the founders of it is so well defined in terms of a bio biological biotic changes and those boundaries are you know.

774
01:55:44.770 --> 01:55:51.580
Richard Ernst: The more and more precisely, dated you know, because you can date the strata very well with all sorts things, but in the precambrian.

775
01:55:52.150 --> 01:55:58.960
Richard Ernst: You know the latest versions were these big round numbers these big intervals that represented sort of significant set of changes.

776
01:55:59.590 --> 01:56:05.770
Richard Ernst: And those may those may have enduring value and then or there are some but but also.

777
01:56:06.550 --> 01:56:16.570
Richard Ernst: what's to beat find someone is where, as a natural start for the season, or the calumny and or you know where the so there's these existing boundaries that have sort of 200 million year kind of.

778
01:56:17.410 --> 01:56:27.400
Richard Ernst: durations and where are their natural boundaries that can define the start and end of those and that's what we're playing with and saying that you know when you look at our history of this magnificent.

779
01:56:30.910 --> 01:56:37.240
Richard Ernst: period of lips all over the place it's a major breakup of the supercontinent Luna and.

780
01:56:38.110 --> 01:56:52.450
Richard Ernst: It seems, you know, and it seems and there's a major coke concurrence with black shale horizons around the world, so, in some ways the black shales and a particular maybe strata graphic position in some type section.

781
01:56:53.590 --> 01:56:59.500
Richard Ernst: Black shale would be would be represent the the official marker but the proxy for that.

782
01:56:59.830 --> 01:57:08.860
Richard Ernst: Is the timing of these slip events, many of which are probably with you know with a million year or so duration, these are so 1385 is really good another big one is.

783
01:57:09.610 --> 01:57:17.740
Richard Ernst: 20 2016 2058 or so, which is the end of the, which is the bushveld watching his province, but it's also equivalent to some stuff in.

784
01:57:19.150 --> 01:57:27.220
Richard Ernst: Scandinavia Cathy and Kevin and So why did the end of the lohman gundy Julian isotopic excursion.

785
01:57:27.520 --> 01:57:35.440
Richard Ernst: So it's a really natural kind of boundary to place and it's a small adjustment in this kind of current round number boundary so that's how we're proceeding.

786
01:57:35.860 --> 01:57:49.420
Richard Ernst: is trying to integrate by more and more precise dating the lips, and then more and more precise dating of potential significant kind of sedimentary horizons that you know show some environmental change.

787
01:57:51.310 --> 01:57:52.000
Richard Ernst: So that's what.

788
01:57:52.630 --> 01:57:53.230
Martha Gilmore: I love it.

789
01:57:54.550 --> 01:58:03.970
Martha Gilmore: This is us back to explore the time when earth was a very different planet and more analogous to Venus and Mars, perhaps it's it's wonderful.

790
01:58:05.800 --> 01:58:07.450
Richard Ernst: yeah one venusian to another.

791
01:58:07.990 --> 01:58:08.650
Martha Gilmore: Yes, yes.

792
01:58:12.220 --> 01:58:21.280
Phil Resor (he/him): All right, well it's 10 o'clock if people want to chat a little more than welcome, we also after the second set of talks will have another chance for discussion.

793
01:58:22.390 --> 01:58:25.840
Phil Resor (he/him): But I also feel free to to mute your video and.

794
01:58:27.670 --> 01:58:33.910
Phil Resor (he/him): Do whatever you need to do, bio breaks and we'll be back at 1020 with the next set of tasks.

795
01:58:35.140 --> 01:58:45.700
Johan Varekamp: But we do want to hear more stories from all of you who are taking classes from La and little oddities of life and so fill it out freely.

796
01:58:47.320 --> 01:58:50.620
Johan Varekamp: But it's time it's time for a little bio break, that is true.

797
01:58:51.190 --> 01:58:52.510
Richard Ernst: Okay, see that few minutes.

798
02:04:00.280 --> 01:58:53.000
Scott Herman: hi Richard can you hear me.

799
01:58:53.001 --> 01:58:58.510
Scott Herman: I quite enjoyed your talk, it was very interesting to see the larger context of lips, I am.

800
01:58:59.620 --> 01:59:08.140
Scott Herman: In my early career, I was a technician with the ocean drilling program and actually participated in some drilling on the on Tang Java plateau.

801
01:59:08.260 --> 01:59:08.830
Richard Ernst: Oh, my gosh.

802
01:59:09.010 --> 01:59:12.370
Scott Herman: i'm gonna get a taste of it, but I never got the broader context.

803
01:59:12.760 --> 01:59:15.520
Scott Herman: And so that was really interesting, thank you very much.

804
01:59:15.760 --> 01:59:17.800
Richard Ernst: My pleasure yeah I talk job as.

805
01:59:18.850 --> 01:59:27.610
Richard Ernst: is so important and so such such scale, what are the things that they kind of you know you think look at something like on time job and the other oceanic plateaus.

806
01:59:28.090 --> 01:59:44.650
Richard Ernst: And the volumes are you know are tend to be of a higher scale than we assess for some of the continental lips right, so we get you know between on time Java and many key and make her angry it's almost 80 million cubic kilometers but and even on type java's sort of 40 or 50.

807
01:59:45.190 --> 01:59:53.080
Richard Ernst: But, but one of the things that we realize now is that we, when you look at the continental lips, you have to count the under plate, which is hard to assess and so.

808
01:59:53.440 --> 01:59:53.830
Scott Herman: know.

809
01:59:53.860 --> 02:00:02.350
Richard Ernst: The size of some of these under plates is the continental lips image by size mix is is putting in the same sort of scale, like the.

810
02:00:03.820 --> 02:00:06.010
Richard Ernst: High Arctic large ignis province it's about.

811
02:00:07.750 --> 02:00:13.960
Richard Ernst: 13 million cubic kilometers of underplayed up in the high Arctic as part of the underplay just.

812
02:00:14.140 --> 02:00:19.990
Richard Ernst: Basically, the crust so so I suspect, as we go further we're going to find that many of the continent ellipse.

813
02:00:20.320 --> 02:00:37.150
Richard Ernst: who's kind of surface flow volume is you know, maybe 1,000,002 million cubic kilometers at most, then you take in the all the dikes and sales in the cluster profile and then you take the underplayed and you'll be up in many cases I think 2030 million cubic kilometers so it's.

814
02:00:37.330 --> 02:00:38.530
Scott Herman: mom okay.

815
02:00:38.860 --> 02:00:47.800
Richard Ernst: So version yeah, whereas in the oca up it's easy to compare normal oceanic crust versus you know plateau thickness and easy to calculate.

816
02:00:48.310 --> 02:00:50.260
Richard Ernst: Sure volume difference here.

817
02:00:50.500 --> 02:01:01.540
Scott Herman: Right is there is there, I have no idea if this is true, this is something i'm wondering, is that, is there any tendency for the oceanic lips, to be thicker.

818
02:01:02.740 --> 02:01:16.450
Scott Herman: It seems like some of them appear to have a smaller Ariel extent, and yet the volumes are still quite high is there is there any pattern there that just things run out more on on the on the surface or.

819
02:01:17.140 --> 02:01:18.820
Richard Ernst: We probably get higher degrees of.

820
02:01:20.440 --> 02:01:25.270
Richard Ernst: The mill things that are really shallow level so that may be part of the that may be the volume.

821
02:01:26.170 --> 02:01:31.750
Richard Ernst: Of the oceanic lips may inherently be a bit higher because of higher degree of pressure melting.

822
02:01:33.340 --> 02:01:34.930
Richard Ernst: But I think wait till we till we.

823
02:01:35.530 --> 02:01:38.860
Iraj?s iPhone: fully what are the things we're looking for now is is.

824
02:01:38.980 --> 02:01:49.390
Richard Ernst: Like on the contents, we see these huge giant radiating dykes forms that can go out up to two or 3000 kilometers we're starting to look at the ocean floor for similar things to see right yeah like.

825
02:01:49.630 --> 02:01:50.380
Scott Herman: hard to find.

826
02:01:50.950 --> 02:01:58.450
Richard Ernst: yeah like but we see we have analogs for Venus Venus is our example because we see incredible radiating systems in the basalt planes on Venus.

827
02:01:59.620 --> 02:02:05.470
Richard Ernst: That connect to big volcanic centers thousand kilometers away in some cases, so.

828
02:02:05.710 --> 02:02:06.430
Scott Herman: Very cool.

829
02:02:06.700 --> 02:02:13.870
Richard Ernst: yeah it's it's it's it's a really it's a field that's really expanding rapidly it really came into its own 10 1015 years ago.

830
02:02:15.010 --> 02:02:31.210
Richard Ernst: it's you know it's just so much new data now and all these climatically climatic links are really energizing us as well, and the potential to date, these things to sort of 50,000 hundred thousand year precision is is a real bonus.

831
02:02:31.390 --> 02:02:39.250
Scott Herman: yeah that's pretty amazing and actually came up in my daily life, you know talking to non geologists The other day I was talking to a friend and trying to explain.

832
02:02:39.640 --> 02:02:44.890
Scott Herman: The Columbia river plateau and how that foreign and i'm not an expert, but I sort of knew the general story.

833
02:02:45.280 --> 02:02:50.380
Scott Herman: And I was trying to explain the concept of flood basalts and these large igneous provinces and.

834
02:02:50.770 --> 02:03:05.230
Scott Herman: You know my friend was just like what are you talking about that, like you know, like i'm like yeah these are these are moments in geologic history that you know must have been a pretty scary and amazing time for you know, whatever was living around there.

835
02:03:05.650 --> 02:03:08.950
Richard Ernst: yeah or or transitioning dying off right.

836
02:03:08.980 --> 02:03:11.050
Scott Herman: yeah exactly yeah we're not living anymore.

837
02:03:15.160 --> 02:03:24.250
Johan Varekamp: aspect that's interesting and it has become a little cotton industry on the side arrows mercury missions that are thought to be associated with many.

838
02:03:24.820 --> 02:03:31.000
Johan Varekamp: lips, and I spent a large part of my life, proving that mercury coming out of volcanoes that.

839
02:03:31.540 --> 02:03:49.690
Johan Varekamp: People have taken it all one step further and actually start now explaining some of the mass extinctions as a result of the mercury, which I think is pretty far off, we were working on for Celtic legs are soaking mercury and are happy fish and whole living ecosystems, and so we.

840
02:03:51.340 --> 02:03:54.250
Johan Varekamp: Have that paper coming out not too long from now, but.

841
02:03:55.000 --> 02:03:55.630
It has to be.

842
02:03:57.250 --> 02:04:12.400
Johan Varekamp: Something that people are going through starting ethic sequences and often the smallest little wiggles in in mercury or seen from up there, we see a lot of lower I don't think life is that simple but it's good that work is done and.

843
02:04:13.060 --> 02:04:14.590
Richard Ernst: I look forward to seeing your paper.

844
02:04:15.850 --> 02:04:21.910
Johan Varekamp: And I see that Iraq Iraq says come online it's good to see you and I.

845
02:04:23.020 --> 02:04:29.020
Johan Varekamp: I I presented your your your statement on yearly and so.

846
02:04:36.430 --> 02:04:41.770
Scott Herman: I was, I was thinking of a comment that claire's comment about having trouble.

847
02:04:42.880 --> 02:04:50.860
Scott Herman: distinguishing between yella saying faults and folds and I had a similar when I first took structural geology with yellow.

848
02:04:51.670 --> 02:05:02.560
Scott Herman: For about the first week, I was actually under the impression that there were two different types of faults one was a trustful and one was a trust fault, and I was trying to figure out.

849
02:05:03.010 --> 02:05:09.040
Scott Herman: What a trust fault was, and I was like looking in the book, you know, and finally, I realized that this was just an accident thing and.

850
02:05:10.420 --> 02:05:11.770
Scott Herman: There was no trust fault.

851
02:05:12.760 --> 02:05:14.080
Adam Goss, Wes 01': scott's that's really good.

852
02:05:15.040 --> 02:05:15.790
Adam Goss, Wes 01': I remember.

853
02:05:16.900 --> 02:05:19.990
Adam Goss, Wes 01': him teaching the entire class how to say gouda.

854
02:05:22.300 --> 02:05:25.480
Adam Goss, Wes 01': And and being very angry when people would take gouda.

855
02:05:25.750 --> 02:05:26.050
Scott Herman: yeah.

856
02:05:26.110 --> 02:05:26.590
it's not.

857
02:05:28.900 --> 02:05:29.350
Scott Herman: it's.

858
02:05:29.590 --> 02:05:35.440
Adam Goss, Wes 01': I don't know I don't obviously don't speak Dutch I don't think anyone speaks Dutch except for god's people but.

859
02:05:36.940 --> 02:05:38.560
Adam Goss, Wes 01': How do you pronounce it so.

860
02:05:39.760 --> 02:05:40.120
Johan Varekamp: To speak.

861
02:05:40.300 --> 02:05:41.080
Adam Goss, Wes 01': South African.

862
02:05:42.580 --> 02:05:46.840
Adam Goss, Wes 01': Well, there yep Thank you, how do you Surinamese speak Dutch.

863
02:05:48.280 --> 02:05:48.550
Johan Varekamp: howdy.

864
02:05:48.940 --> 02:05:50.380
Adam Goss, Wes 01': howdy, how do you say gouda.

865
02:05:50.740 --> 02:05:52.330
Adam Goss, Wes 01': powder powder.

866
02:05:52.600 --> 02:05:53.020
powder.

867
02:05:54.040 --> 02:05:54.460
Johan Varekamp: And so.

868
02:05:54.790 --> 02:05:55.360
Adam Goss, Wes 01': Good that.

869
02:05:55.750 --> 02:06:14.200
Johan Varekamp: I had a similar experience in my first semester taught theology, and I put on basil's which is kind of the British way of pronouncing basalt I was like a month later, students, go from yeah, no, no, we were learning something but we're not sure what you mean was that thing what is that.

870
02:06:16.990 --> 02:06:17.950
Johan Varekamp: Oh yeah.

871
02:06:20.140 --> 02:06:28.660
Richard Ernst: But one of the other things I remember for release lectures on structural geology of plastic defamation, there was two spades toothpaste defamation.

872
02:06:30.190 --> 02:06:37.270
Richard Ernst: And it was you know it was such an image that I always picture the actual anyway it's very.

873
02:06:39.520 --> 02:06:41.890
Adam Goss, Wes 01': coming out of the tooth yes yeah.

874
02:06:42.610 --> 02:06:52.630
Scott Herman: One of the things from his structural geology class that made a lasting impression on me many things did but i'm actually remember the finals where he.

875
02:06:53.350 --> 02:07:02.770
Scott Herman: You know just put all these rocks out in a room and you had all this time to go, it was the first time i'd had such sort of a free form open final and you could go in.

876
02:07:03.040 --> 02:07:06.430
Scott Herman: And you could talk to other people, and you could work with them.

877
02:07:06.790 --> 02:07:17.590
Scott Herman: But it was basically like you're responsible for what you submit you're welcome to discuss it with others, but ultimately, you have to decide whether or not you think those other people know what they're talking about or not.

878
02:07:18.700 --> 02:07:27.340
Scott Herman: And you know you work out the history of this rock and it was such a novel format for me, and it really forced me.

879
02:07:27.820 --> 02:07:38.470
Scott Herman: To think, and you know, and I feel like it was a very good introduction to how science actually happens where you're trying to figure this out and then.

880
02:07:38.740 --> 02:07:49.720
Scott Herman: You go and you talk to other people who have been working in the field, and you argue about you know different takes, and you know you try to do it, you know you know, in a professional manner, but sometimes people get excited and.

881
02:07:51.220 --> 02:07:58.090
Scott Herman: And ultimately, you have to make a judgment call as to you know whether the strongly held beliefs by various people.

882
02:07:58.480 --> 02:08:06.370
Scott Herman: You know trump what you think is going on, or you know, like it's it's not just you working in isolation it's this whole process of.

883
02:08:07.000 --> 02:08:15.070
Scott Herman: of coming up with ideas and bouncing them off testing against other people and and that that made a huge impression on me and really.

884
02:08:15.880 --> 02:08:34.330
Scott Herman: You know something I tried to remember in my you know career going forward, you know have multiple models and then you know how, what can you do to test those models against each other that was that was really the first time I was exposed to that in in in that way.

885
02:08:36.190 --> 02:08:44.470
Johan Varekamp: For me, it was interesting when I interviewed for the job, but it was laid in 1982 I actually interviewed with Greg on and Peter Patton.

886
02:08:44.950 --> 02:08:54.400
Johan Varekamp: And I never mentioned it, and so, then I came to wesleyan to interview in person here on campus and I met yellow for the first time.

887
02:08:55.210 --> 02:09:02.470
Johan Varekamp: And then suddenly it all connected when I was so I arrived and you tracked in 1968 and yelling left in 1963.

888
02:09:03.010 --> 02:09:18.820
Johan Varekamp: But that was dismissed that we once had a student who wanted to have Italy come sliding off to him I os, and so our struggle is yellow the very first time, and he was talking about season, this is the man that does myths and legends we're going around and.

889
02:09:25.510 --> 02:09:34.570
Scott Herman: I also feel like there's an entire generation or multiple generations of wesleyan geologists whose food preferences during fieldwork have been shaped by yellow.

890
02:09:39.130 --> 02:09:40.300
Adam Goss, Wes 01': I had to be cheese.

891
02:09:40.570 --> 02:09:48.760
Scott Herman: yeah I had never considered Brie cheese tomatoes and and and a bag as like you know hiking food before before I met him.

892
02:09:50.110 --> 02:09:53.380
Johan Varekamp: And undecided stops in the field trips I guess we're.

893
02:10:02.800 --> 02:10:11.380
Adam Goss, Wes 01': But in speaking of the field trips, I remember Eastern Connecticut field trips Nick up by lime lime salt Dome or whatnot and.

894
02:10:13.060 --> 02:10:26.890
Adam Goss, Wes 01': You know, most of us had never really been on many field trips before and I remember him dealing with the police, that would show up Where are you on the side of the road, like don't worry about it, let me take care of this, I know what I know how to handle this state trooper come over.

895
02:10:28.540 --> 02:10:39.070
Adam Goss, Wes 01': Explain it a State trooper and then before you know it, the state trooper was huddled around looking at the rocks with us and trying to explain, you know the collision of events and Sentinel events and.

896
02:10:40.240 --> 02:10:42.730
Adam Goss, Wes 01': I remember thinking that was pretty cool this is how you handle.

897
02:10:44.260 --> 02:10:45.760
Adam Goss, Wes 01': Police when they intervene.

898
02:10:49.900 --> 02:11:04.390
Scott Herman: it's a surprisingly useful skills, not just police, but like Community members it actually comes up a lot at least as in my career, you know, like what who are you what are you doing here yeah like public relations have to be pretty important.

899
02:11:07.630 --> 02:11:10.060
Greg McHone: la was very good at sweet talking.

900
02:11:10.510 --> 02:11:10.840
We went.

901
02:11:11.920 --> 02:11:27.700
Greg McHone: Oh yeah we we took some core samples on the coast of maine below a House that was empty he left a note on the door right below the houses were a drill some holes, then we came back a week later he called me up.

902
02:11:29.050 --> 02:11:41.440
Greg McHone: After we got back and said, the President of the university got a very irate phone call from a lady and may, who was very unhappy to have the rocks on his career shoreline.

903
02:11:43.030 --> 02:11:46.060
Greg McHone: damaged by yellow the board so.

904
02:11:47.620 --> 02:11:56.140
Greg McHone: I had to go back up to me fill in the little one inch drill court or holes, with some great cement.

905
02:11:56.890 --> 02:11:59.680
Greg McHone: And and make the lady happy.

906
02:12:01.750 --> 02:12:14.350
Greg McHone: Good at that, so it worked out all right oh boy at the time, the President of wesleyan university, let us know that it was a terrible mistake right for us to do that to that lady.

907
02:12:17.080 --> 02:12:27.640
Johan Varekamp: Enough I guess we're we're back in the session it's 1020 and let me see where it's failed so i'm going to do the second half of this.

908
02:12:29.170 --> 02:12:32.770
Johan Varekamp: Of this session, if I get a three of my power lines.

909
02:12:33.820 --> 02:12:37.480
Johan Varekamp: phil you'd be good enough to take off again.

910
02:12:39.070 --> 02:13:00.160
Johan Varekamp: So we're we're beginning the second half was TIM let's who has talk a student remembers your the Gore and his legacy finding away from view of physics and geology towards transmissible narrative and complexity so take it away.

911
02:13:01.810 --> 02:13:03.550
Johan Varekamp: So you gotta unmute yourself.

912
02:13:13.090 --> 02:13:14.170
Lutz, Tim: Okay, thank you yo.

913
02:13:15.790 --> 02:13:28.060
Lutz, Tim: I i'm TIM what's department of earth and space sciences at West Chester university I studied at wesleyan from 1969 to 73 and was a student of yellows.

914
02:13:28.780 --> 02:13:40.930
Lutz, Tim: And i'll tell you about some of the Ellis earlier connections to archaeology about 25 years before the Delphic Oracle and my experiences with him at wesleyan i'll close with a look at.

915
02:13:41.980 --> 02:13:47.500
Lutz, Tim: His teaching and mentorship and how it influenced my career in geoscience.

916
02:13:50.680 --> 02:14:01.450
Lutz, Tim: I arrived at wesleyan in 1969 to study physics after my first year I realized I needed fewer equations and more time outdoors.

917
02:14:02.260 --> 02:14:14.650
Lutz, Tim: My advisor in the physics department had a straightforward solution take geophysics So my first course and the geology department was geophysics taught in 1970 by Jim balls late.

918
02:14:15.490 --> 02:14:16.360
Lutz, Tim: At that time.

919
02:14:16.420 --> 02:14:26.740
Lutz, Tim: geology had space and Judd Hall, I particularly remember the library I think balls least course was actually taught out of a room in a House on lawn avenue.

920
02:14:27.580 --> 02:14:44.830
Lutz, Tim: I love the experience of using a magnetometer grove emitter and seismic equipment in the field and it motivated me to fashion and inter departmental major that combined curriculum from physics and geology yellow became my advisor on the geology side.

921
02:14:46.000 --> 02:14:51.340
Lutz, Tim: In 1971 the department moved into the newly complete exley science Center.

922
02:14:52.810 --> 02:15:00.430
Lutz, Tim: I had to work, study position and yellow his basement lab running core samples through the magnetometer and they fd magnetized or.

923
02:15:01.450 --> 02:15:19.030
Lutz, Tim: I suspect that for people running similar labs today this machine and its electronics look like the model T Ford magnetometers this was my first exposure to research, science and where I first learned the responsibility of meticulous procedure and reliable note taking.

924
02:15:20.050 --> 02:15:37.330
Lutz, Tim: There was also the challenge and excitement of learning about the vector data and the methods of spiritual statistics that, let us pull all the numbers into a bigger picture from this start statistical analysis became a consistent aspect of much of my research over several decades.

925
02:15:39.040 --> 02:15:51.790
Lutz, Tim: In spring of 1972 yellow sounded me out about taking our proton magnetometer on an archaeological dig with Professor Stephen dyson for other students and a small professional staff.

926
02:15:52.870 --> 02:16:02.950
Lutz, Tim: dyson now at buffalo enjoyed working with yellow trained in classical archaeology dyson feels he learned landscape, archaeology from yellow.

927
02:16:03.700 --> 02:16:18.700
Lutz, Tim: He told me recently yella educated me on the centrality of geology I think I got him thinking more about man, as well as geology and reconstructing ancient landscapes also he was a great colleague to work with.

928
02:16:19.900 --> 02:16:23.620
Lutz, Tim: I needed to get more experience, using the magnetometer.

929
02:16:24.340 --> 02:16:36.760
Lutz, Tim: Fortunately, yellow seem to know a surprising number of people around middletown who'd lost track of drainage pipes and sewer lines so we'd go out in the afternoon, so I could practice finding them.

930
02:16:37.510 --> 02:16:46.810
Lutz, Tim: In summer I stowed the magnetometer in a 740 sevens overhead bin and was off to Rome, Naples and ultimately buccino.

931
02:16:49.180 --> 02:16:58.900
Lutz, Tim: In the field, I discovered that most of the rocks soils and materials disappointingly had little to no contrast in magnetic susceptibility.

932
02:16:59.800 --> 02:17:12.550
Lutz, Tim: And that the structures and artifacts being excavated the walls and mosaic, and these photos were invisible to the magnetometer mostly but with one important exception.

933
02:17:13.570 --> 02:17:23.980
Lutz, Tim: The magnetometer did find an anomaly outside the main Roman Villa and we dug revealing tile and pottery but the higher susceptibility in a medieval dump.

934
02:17:24.880 --> 02:17:42.970
Lutz, Tim: One of the archaeological labourers flipped over a shard and a small gold coin glittered in the sun, the coin was distinctive and help date the site to the early 19th century at discovery was satisfying enough Dr dyson in the green shirt is taking notes.

935
02:17:46.180 --> 02:17:55.750
Lutz, Tim: The dig was headquartered at the spectacular photos at the San Lorenzo now a world heritage site located at the base of the hill time of padilla.

936
02:17:56.650 --> 02:18:09.970
Lutz, Tim: Though the magnetometer survey wasn't overall as useful as hoped it was a great experience for all students and certainly had the maturing effects yellow REG recognized when he said in an interview, a few years later.

937
02:18:10.420 --> 02:18:20.320
Lutz, Tim: They have time to think they have to get along with the others perhaps they don't learn so much geology but they find out about themselves how true.

938
02:18:21.910 --> 02:18:29.680
Lutz, Tim: change of scenery back in Connecticut for fall semester, I was looking for another geophysics based research project.

939
02:18:30.610 --> 02:18:41.170
Lutz, Tim: yellow suggested that I work on an iron furnace along the housatonic river, the high gradient of the stream provided water power for 18th and 19th century industries.

940
02:18:41.590 --> 02:18:53.350
Lutz, Tim: And if you've been there when the housatonic is flowing strong, as in this picture you can really appreciate the power of flowing water which provided the blast of forced air required at a furnace.

941
02:19:04.450 --> 02:19:06.910
Lutz, Tim: yellow proposed the idea of extracting bricks.

942
02:19:06.910 --> 02:19:16.570
Lutz, Tim: From the stack of the both false furnace taking cores and using Paleo magnetic techniques to determine inclination and declination pads archaea magnetic.

943
02:19:17.470 --> 02:19:27.790
Lutz, Tim: These pads could then be compared with measurements of magnetic field orientation made in new haven and Albany depend down the blast history of the furnace.

944
02:19:28.990 --> 02:19:40.000
Lutz, Tim: The project was based on the idea that the bricks in the stack and bordering on the bosh or interior opening of the stack would acquire a thermo remnants on cooling through the curia temperature.

945
02:19:40.930 --> 02:19:46.540
Lutz, Tim: When the furnace went out a blast ceased operation either accidentally or purposely.

946
02:19:47.290 --> 02:20:04.030
Lutz, Tim: The direction of the field at that time could be compared to inclination and declination measurements, one of the cool things we discovered was the strong gradient in oxidation state along each brick from light Gray, and next to the interior to a dark red brown at the other end.

947
02:20:05.710 --> 02:20:10.330
Lutz, Tim: Explain exploring the furnace site revealed lots of evidence relating to furnace operation.

948
02:20:10.870 --> 02:20:20.380
Lutz, Tim: Just upstream from both falls the modern day who's a tonic still makes power when the flow of the river is diverted into a canal to create hydro electricity.

949
02:20:21.340 --> 02:20:27.520
Lutz, Tim: The right hand picture shows yella and one of his daughters walking in the Channel during one of these diversions.

950
02:20:28.330 --> 02:20:42.430
Lutz, Tim: To 19th century minds the stream was also a perfect place to dispose of salamanders solid masses of iron that resulted when molten iron escaped into the furnace workings catastrophic Lee holding operations.

951
02:20:43.060 --> 02:20:55.630
Lutz, Tim: This salamander shown here contains the remains of a Twitter a water cooled nozzle to deliver blast to the furnace a furnace going out of blessed in this way was an economic disaster.

952
02:20:57.340 --> 02:21:08.320
Lutz, Tim: Other discoveries around the furnaces loading bank included various types of or bog or was common locally magnetite rich or would have required a longer transportation.

953
02:21:09.490 --> 02:21:23.650
Lutz, Tim: and using it would have required significant changes to the blast technology optical and X Ray analyses of minerals in the orange suggested that it might have originated in the tilly foster mind near brewster New York.

954
02:21:24.970 --> 02:21:32.740
Lutz, Tim: slag from the site contained evidence for two different fuels charcoal made locally and and for site from Pennsylvania.

955
02:21:33.520 --> 02:21:51.550
Lutz, Tim: Such find suggested all kinds of connections to the geography and economics of oars and fuels the development of furnace technologies, the history of the bulls falls into the iron industry in New England and to the methods of historical and industrial archaeology.

956
02:21:53.980 --> 02:22:06.040
Lutz, Tim: My one semester project turned into an honors thesis as the scope of my research expanded from a project on a few bricks into a story that extended through many dimensions of 19th century life.

957
02:22:07.000 --> 02:22:24.730
Lutz, Tim: yella connected me to a local historian and came to Connecticut this is Albert jack who provided additional historical background other wesleyan students helped me with various aspects of the field work Susan soul helped with playing table mapping cat half with photography.

958
02:22:25.930 --> 02:22:32.710
Lutz, Tim: With 21st century eyes, I can see the progress of my thesis research as a trends disciplinary journey.

959
02:22:33.190 --> 02:22:48.460
Lutz, Tim: Based on following the story the furnace using all the perspectives from the disciplines that were needed to keep the story going, this was a turn toward a type of thinking that later blossomed into a trans disciplinary approach to teaching and research.

960
02:22:50.350 --> 02:23:01.780
Lutz, Tim: With mentoring and supervision from yella geology Professor Jim Goodman and archaeologist Steve dyson I completed My thesis after a few further flirtations with archaeology.

961
02:23:02.320 --> 02:23:08.710
Lutz, Tim: I followed the plot when reduced to a few lines looks like a pretty standard path through an academic career.

962
02:23:09.640 --> 02:23:24.220
Lutz, Tim: The announcement of this symposium encouraged me to look back along this path it brought to full consciousness, something I felt for a long time, a profound influence that yellow and those few years at wesleyan had on my life.

963
02:23:25.900 --> 02:23:31.630
Lutz, Tim: I have to remember that what I learned from yellow is probably not entirely equivalent to what he was trying to teach me.

964
02:23:32.530 --> 02:23:41.470
Lutz, Tim: The first point i'll make is the importance of developing familiarity with spiritual statistics basically a specialized form of multivariate statistics.

965
02:23:42.160 --> 02:23:50.950
Lutz, Tim: You couldn't be a Paleo magician without it statistics are often used to hedge inner result by finding the confidence with which it is known.

966
02:23:51.520 --> 02:24:00.040
Lutz, Tim: I learned from yella that data didn't have the lead to a simple bounded answer the recognition of patterns is significant in itself.

967
02:24:00.880 --> 02:24:12.040
Lutz, Tim: My first paper is a Grad student was a straightforward application of spherical statistics to suggest a symmetrical distribution of tectonic boundaries a pattern in their organization.

968
02:24:13.540 --> 02:24:22.330
Lutz, Tim: developing methods to analyze point patterns was special because I got to collaborate with West Professor Jim Goodman on the pinnacle of a volcanic field.

969
02:24:23.560 --> 02:24:37.780
Lutz, Tim: Other spatial projects included diverse subjects such as the morphology of mythic enclaves the common notion of mineral grains and and fractal geometry of em annoyed sutures fun.

970
02:24:40.300 --> 02:24:48.880
Lutz, Tim: Extending my interest to more conventional and multivariate methods, like the projects and thermo chronology igneous metrology and mineral chemistry.

971
02:24:49.420 --> 02:24:59.290
Lutz, Tim: collaboration with other researchers was essential for such work and I had a good model for such collaboration in yellow adores work throughout his life.

972
02:25:01.180 --> 02:25:14.830
Lutz, Tim: I remember hearing yella talking to Grad students and the Giotto geology library about the wild ideas of the day mantle convection making plates move the role of milenkovic cycles and changing climate.

973
02:25:15.790 --> 02:25:30.610
Lutz, Tim: yellow never shied away from considering outrageous hypotheses, but he also understood that they needed to be rigorously and skeptically investigated he followed this approach himself and addressing the archeological controversy over the Oracle at Delphi.

974
02:25:31.780 --> 02:25:48.940
Lutz, Tim: I found myself in this role when periodicity theories were proposed to explain mass extinctions large volcanic eruptions and changes in the frequency of magnetic reversals by pointing out the actual weakness of the data to support the hypothesis.

975
02:25:51.190 --> 02:26:02.140
Lutz, Tim: With the ella's guidance my honors thesis allowed me to move from the magnetic some bricks to geography economics history technology industrial archaeology.

976
02:26:02.560 --> 02:26:09.250
Lutz, Tim: and gave me an intuitive understanding of a concept central to trans disciplinary thought and complex systems.

977
02:26:09.970 --> 02:26:19.090
Lutz, Tim: That every boundary we draw between one thing and another is an opportunity for both separation and connection see previous slides.

978
02:26:19.600 --> 02:26:34.750
Lutz, Tim: I feel that my whole career has really been a chance to look at different types of projects different types of ideas and to just try to see the connections, as well as the separations among those things.

979
02:26:36.850 --> 02:26:50.620
Lutz, Tim: Perhaps one of the most common questions were asked at a meeting is what's your specialty i've given up trying to answer that one except to say my specialty is generalization I think yella might have like this answer.

980
02:26:52.210 --> 02:27:04.690
Lutz, Tim: At West Chester university that focus of my job changed from researcher to teacher, one of my first courses at wc you want i've been teaching for nearly 25 years it's humans and the environment.

981
02:27:05.710 --> 02:27:06.160
Lutz, Tim: and

982
02:27:09.130 --> 02:27:15.250
Lutz, Tim: taken seriously, the purpose of this course is for students to develop a capacity to live sustainably.

983
02:27:16.360 --> 02:27:23.770
Lutz, Tim: This is a trends disciplinary goal far broader than can be informed by any single discipline or set of disciplines.

984
02:27:27.160 --> 02:27:36.730
Lutz, Tim: The complexity of the natural world and its patterns of sustainable existence are vital, but we also need to bring these patterns into our thought processes.

985
02:27:37.240 --> 02:27:49.450
Lutz, Tim: bell at the 100 level humans in the environment is not a large lecture course it's been run in sections no larger than 32 and is oriented toward a small and large group discussion.

986
02:27:50.620 --> 02:27:55.090
Lutz, Tim: Over a career it's a matter to over 4000 students.

987
02:27:56.500 --> 02:28:01.810
Lutz, Tim: The complexity of the natural world and its patterns of sustainable existence are also vital.

988
02:28:02.860 --> 02:28:12.670
Lutz, Tim: Both in the sense of the complexity of the boundaries, we make between our disciplines and the boundaries that exists in the natural world.

989
02:28:13.930 --> 02:28:26.110
Lutz, Tim: Aside from this intellectual take on yellow his influence, I must appreciative of the qualities, he shared with me and others 50 years ago his enthusiasm generosity and imagination.

990
02:28:26.650 --> 02:28:40.150
Lutz, Tim: And I only hope I brought these qualities to my students as successfully as yeah we did i've been so impressed at how similar ideas have been expressed throughout this session by all of yellow students, thank you all.

991
02:28:45.400 --> 02:28:47.500
Johan Varekamp: Thank you very much, Tim for a lovely talk.

992
02:28:48.010 --> 02:28:48.340
Thank you.

993
02:28:49.510 --> 02:29:04.780
Johan Varekamp: And I share some of your sentiments when we come out of university We have lots of specialists, we know a lot of things, how to do it well, but teaching is not one of them, they don't know how to teach you got to learn that along the way, and.

994
02:29:06.130 --> 02:29:09.070
Johan Varekamp: Having me as a colleague I learned a lot from him.

995
02:29:11.710 --> 02:29:15.190
Johan Varekamp: Any other comments we got a few minutes before we move on.

996
02:29:18.820 --> 02:29:32.860
Johan Varekamp: And so, your your arguments about the iron furnace is that that that type of thinking that a lot of the local vegetation was used as fuel now has led to people studying sedimentation rates.

997
02:29:33.190 --> 02:29:45.520
Johan Varekamp: During an era where it was totally the forest that then we find and much higher accumulation rates of settlements, a guy that you commerce is working on that, and so, in the end, I shall we say, it's all connected.

998
02:29:45.850 --> 02:29:47.590
Lutz, Tim: yeah it is.

999
02:29:49.960 --> 02:30:00.190
Scott Herman: Like I quite like how you were talking about how you know we have a tendency to silo ourselves and our specialties which is you know, for obvious reasons.

1000
02:30:00.880 --> 02:30:11.500
Scott Herman: That those those those distinctions are largely artificial that the natural world doesn't necessarily make those same distinctions that we that we do.

1001
02:30:12.130 --> 02:30:18.070
Scott Herman: I noticed that a lot, I spent some time working for the ocean drilling program and one of the things that impressed me about it.

1002
02:30:18.490 --> 02:30:27.010
Scott Herman: about the experience there was that all these people from different specialties had to live together and sit in the galley together and they didn't necessarily have much in common.

1003
02:30:27.370 --> 02:30:35.200
Scott Herman: You know, other than science, so they just sit around you know the paleontologists with the pathologist talking about what they're up to when.

1004
02:30:35.530 --> 02:30:50.890
Scott Herman: Normally, maybe they don't interact very much and a lot of really interesting ideas and things came out of that interaction and I that made an impression on me at the time and it's stuck with me and and that's something that I think you know yellow would have appreciated.

1005
02:30:52.570 --> 02:30:53.230
Lutz, Tim: I agree.

1006
02:30:57.070 --> 02:31:00.520
Johan Varekamp: Any other questions or remarks before we move on.

1007
02:31:01.090 --> 02:31:07.120
Richard Ernst: I just remember that Paleo mag lab in the basement there that brings back seeing the equipment that brings back memories.

1008
02:31:08.410 --> 02:31:09.490
Richard Ernst: log hours, yes.

1009
02:31:10.450 --> 02:31:22.600
Lutz, Tim: I was right, I remember being so impressed when he took me down there at first, not by the spinner magnetometer about by those big helmholtz coils around the D magnetized or that really impressed me.

1010
02:31:24.820 --> 02:31:30.520
Johan Varekamp: And it's important to realize wonder the science tower was built Kelly was part of the planning committee.

1011
02:31:31.120 --> 02:31:44.500
Johan Varekamp: And there is a separate slab of basement that is not connected to the rest of the building just for that lab that no vibrations would ever go through there, and so it was custom made for him.

1012
02:31:45.790 --> 02:31:46.720
Scott Herman: hmm very cool.

1013
02:31:47.410 --> 02:31:49.810
Johan Varekamp: good enough thanks again TIM going.

1014
02:31:50.890 --> 02:31:54.280
Johan Varekamp: Our next speaker will be barbell Tamara.

1015
02:31:55.570 --> 02:32:05.740
Johan Varekamp: who works at great falls college in Montana State University when I came to wesleyan in 1983 Bob was a graduate students and.

1016
02:32:06.310 --> 02:32:16.780
Johan Varekamp: We became good friends and we liked his dog and I followed more or less way you've been around through life with many different positions like your dad.

1017
02:32:17.290 --> 02:32:39.100
Johan Varekamp: And he's going to talk about the East portfolio regional late stage fault zone in eastern Connecticut implications for the origin of the moodle is area seismicity an audible earthquakes, I guess i'm gonna run your yeah a lot of talk, so let me get that going here and see if.

1018
02:32:39.550 --> 02:32:42.790
ralta: i'm like Greg I do I go over time I didn't do that.

1019
02:32:43.300 --> 02:32:48.640
Johan Varekamp: As good, so I hope I get this done so i'm gonna get this thing first up here.

1020
02:32:51.880 --> 02:32:52.870
screen.

1021
02:33:03.670 --> 02:33:05.080
Johan Varekamp: So you guys all see Bob.

1022
02:33:06.580 --> 02:33:06.880
Martha Gilmore: yeah.

1023
02:33:08.320 --> 02:33:09.010
Johan Varekamp: There we go.

1024
02:33:10.450 --> 02:33:13.900
Welcome to my talk on the eastern fault.

1025
02:33:18.940 --> 02:33:33.520
This slide here shows a field seen the Le talking with colleague RON marble near the patented rockfall segment of the East footfall.

1026
02:33:40.720 --> 02:33:45.100
This slide shows the epicenter map the historical epicenters.

1027
02:33:46.300 --> 02:33:56.860
Johan Varekamp: For the state of Connecticut many of these epicenters your superimposed on each other's and you can see from the legend that the magnitudes range from.

1028
02:33:59.410 --> 02:34:06.730
Zero to 4.9 the largest quake having occurred in the mood of seismic area.

1029
02:34:07.900 --> 02:34:09.970
During 17 anyone.

1030
02:34:13.480 --> 02:34:20.110
The research goal in studying these footfall came about through.

1031
02:34:21.700 --> 02:34:27.460
A desire to find me or to tonic bit of structures in Connecticut.

1032
02:34:28.720 --> 02:34:43.420
And the methodology that was used was to look at previously map geology any kind of lineaments total graphic lineaments slower lidar was a big boon to helping us out field checking.

1033
02:34:44.440 --> 02:34:46.540
Seismic databases and.

1034
02:34:47.980 --> 02:35:00.820
borehole tell you are in geophysical data that came out of the mood is some deep well seismic analyses of quakes done by people in book.

1035
02:35:01.960 --> 02:35:08.380
and evil and quit Meyer and seismic profiling profiling that was done by my team.

1036
02:35:10.270 --> 02:35:30.370
here's a map showing the geological terrains of Connecticut and I wanted to point out an area that grabbed our interests that we're surveying the State because we're we're Might there be a near tectonic structure and obtained lidar imagery shown here.

1037
02:35:31.450 --> 02:35:31.990
and

1038
02:35:33.250 --> 02:35:36.700
Starting at this arrow and running down.

1039
02:35:37.750 --> 02:35:41.170
We can see that there's a continuous winning run through their.

1040
02:35:43.420 --> 02:35:53.440
This slide shows the quadrangle index map that is on the State geological map and those are the quadrangles through which that light are running.

1041
02:35:54.970 --> 02:35:57.340
transgressed transgresses.

1042
02:35:58.360 --> 02:36:05.380
And those are the quads that we studied in detail to have the quadrangles the eastern quad.

1043
02:36:09.760 --> 02:36:12.040
And the spring hill quad.

1044
02:36:13.630 --> 02:36:14.080
showed.

1045
02:36:15.310 --> 02:36:18.640
A map fall right where the light on demand.

1046
02:36:20.650 --> 02:36:23.500
curves so we use that as a.

1047
02:36:24.850 --> 02:36:25.870
Hard elements.

1048
02:36:28.570 --> 02:36:34.330
Here we see it, continuing through the get some bullets on here the woman antiquarian to the Columbia.

1049
02:36:35.380 --> 02:36:47.200
And out through here, this is prospect hill it's not straight through there because down to pick relate so from his PIC or lake right there from tech relate the limit.

1050
02:36:48.310 --> 02:36:59.530
Is there, but to continue it to the southeast when does a nine degree, then that lines up with that part of the linear right there.

1051
02:37:01.900 --> 02:37:21.010
This map show some GEO morphic criteria that we use to defend the existence of the minimum when bedrock per geological mapping or geophysical data we're not available visa topographical profiles drawn perpendicular to the limit and in each case there's.

1052
02:37:22.690 --> 02:37:26.170
A notch where the East fit for purpose.

1053
02:37:29.380 --> 02:37:33.160
This is a lighter map of Eastern Connecticut.

1054
02:37:34.210 --> 02:37:40.480
again showing the trace of eastwick fall on a lot our base.

1055
02:37:43.150 --> 02:37:43.720
This.

1056
02:37:45.070 --> 02:37:57.310
This shows the southeastern Southwestern must extend out the eastern fault map by my piece, and the lighter only takes it to this corner the square, this is the region of.

1057
02:37:58.240 --> 02:38:15.490
The area of the last night on that, and when we get down into this area or in the mood of seismic area and there's nine degrees, then, that I described earlier so from pickle lake there's the Linux running this way, and here it is continuing cross the river.

1058
02:38:18.550 --> 02:38:22.690
This map shows the other 99 degree band.

1059
02:38:24.880 --> 02:38:41.770
Johan Varekamp: And it also shows a solid bullet here they both em one that's the location of the Buddhist deep well 1.5 kilometer well that was drilled for pure research back in 1987 and it also shows it bounded area here.

1060
02:38:42.790 --> 02:38:45.190
And that bounded area represents.

1061
02:38:46.780 --> 02:38:54.310
Johan Varekamp: An area of small earthquakes that occurred during the time, the world was being drilled during 1987.

1062
02:38:57.730 --> 02:39:04.840
interpretive map showing the nine degree, then, that the northern end of PIC relate these darker.

1063
02:39:06.010 --> 02:39:11.740
Gray tones include some the gym or four criteria that we had applied.

1064
02:39:13.840 --> 02:39:15.430
And it also shows the.

1065
02:39:17.110 --> 02:39:19.180
Section lines that.

1066
02:39:20.230 --> 02:39:27.700
Where we did geophysical profiling, to see if there was a structure at the side of the East and.

1067
02:39:28.780 --> 02:39:35.620
also shown here here's that bordering line that we looked at once before, but in this on this map the epicenter social.

1068
02:39:36.670 --> 02:39:49.870
notice there's any long duration of the epicenters sub parallel to the trend for also shown and this plot of thought plane mechanism solutions attributed to people in bulk and people.

1069
02:39:50.710 --> 02:39:58.360
And the show to possible fault claims that could explain the seismic data that came out of those epicenters.

1070
02:39:59.050 --> 02:40:06.880
notice this particularly great circle here, this is lower hemisphere and this fall plane here and.

1071
02:40:07.720 --> 02:40:13.360
Strikes northeast and tips to the West, that the strikers said, parallel to the east group management.

1072
02:40:13.930 --> 02:40:27.580
And if it does that to the West, then it could account for these happy centers above or false claim getting to the West more about that later also shown on this map is the sub horizontal stripes feel.

1073
02:40:29.170 --> 02:40:31.120
determined by the borehole data.

1074
02:40:34.000 --> 02:40:49.090
This this map shows the geophysical crew is the light Shell Alexander run multiple students from eastern came to help out pretty Labor intensive, this is the size and the line and cheer for.

1075
02:40:50.290 --> 02:40:51.670
This the seismograph.

1076
02:40:52.900 --> 02:41:06.100
And these are two examples of the profiles that we obtained and the interpretation that there's this continuity right where the lines cross the third piece.

1077
02:41:07.780 --> 02:41:08.200
Which.

1078
02:41:09.760 --> 02:41:12.310
suggests that the Easter bunny ears and data for.

1079
02:41:16.000 --> 02:41:17.350
The slide here shows.

1080
02:41:20.710 --> 02:41:22.960
What I want to do with this slide here is to.

1081
02:41:25.030 --> 02:41:32.170
manager of Section line across the winning it through the model swell and across this content area.

1082
02:41:33.580 --> 02:41:36.490
Earthquake sentence from the 1987 swarm.

1083
02:41:38.650 --> 02:41:43.900
here's a profile from southeast to Northwest lineaments well.

1084
02:41:45.220 --> 02:41:46.870
The cluster of EPI sentence.

1085
02:41:48.070 --> 02:41:57.880
going down to meet the cluster representatives to the type of sentence, the depth at which these quakes occurred there's a range of deaths that were determined.

1086
02:41:59.530 --> 02:42:07.000
by Chris Meyer, and we take the median elevation and ground fault planes.

1087
02:42:08.380 --> 02:42:11.170
Through that medium and by doing that.

1088
02:42:12.430 --> 02:42:22.360
It results in a 70 degree angle so fault playing dipping striking northeastern dipping 70 degrees, to the North West.

1089
02:42:26.530 --> 02:42:28.450
Also, in the same plot is.

1090
02:42:29.500 --> 02:42:32.170
The representation, but the Buddhists deep well.

1091
02:42:33.190 --> 02:42:37.630
And I want to look at some data here.

1092
02:42:38.860 --> 02:42:57.610
From course taken out of the well fractures were counted in this a spike in fractures at 400 meters at 400 meters there's also uranium spike as indicated from the chief geochemical data and from other data to physical data.

1093
02:42:58.840 --> 02:43:13.780
flows, there was a spike at that 400 level as well, so looking back once more at the at the board level and the profile here run that for plan, and it goes right through the 400.

1094
02:43:14.380 --> 02:43:25.390
meter area with is that dense on the French fracturing and evidence to it and keep flow, so this supportive that fall is present.

1095
02:43:27.040 --> 02:43:27.610
and

1096
02:43:29.470 --> 02:43:30.400
From here.

1097
02:43:34.750 --> 02:43:42.160
I want to point out that the the trace of the East freefall does pick up some of these historical epicenters for whatever that's worth.

1098
02:43:43.630 --> 02:43:45.610
practicing suggest.

1099
02:43:49.120 --> 02:43:52.510
This map shows it took graphic map of the.

1100
02:43:53.680 --> 02:43:57.700
Study area Now this is people like the non degree band.

1101
02:43:59.590 --> 02:44:10.660
there's the one that steep well Stillman bill saddle and continuing on towards the River there's a hill here called cave hill.

1102
02:44:11.440 --> 02:44:23.680
And it's called that because of this case this cave is has been reported to emit audible rumbles at the time of earthquakes Nick cave is located.

1103
02:44:24.310 --> 02:44:37.810
Where this red bullet is and what i've done is i've created a topographical profile through they're showing this cartoon this this so here's the profile there's the cave.

1104
02:44:38.860 --> 02:44:41.440
And coming down the other side of the hill.

1105
02:44:43.420 --> 02:44:44.320
towards the linnean.

1106
02:44:47.290 --> 02:44:48.400
And here's the.

1107
02:44:49.960 --> 02:44:56.410
Eastwood fall projecting it to the West at about 70 degrees, that would be.

1108
02:44:57.550 --> 02:45:20.080
160 feet below the cave and that would even be a shorter distance here, so if there was an activity on the east footfall which we know there can be from the earthquake swan during 1987 then those rumbles might be emitted from the cave in order for earthquake.

1109
02:45:21.730 --> 02:45:36.010
Seismic ways to be audible the velocity where the seismic wave breaks the land surface area needs to be approximately the speed of sound that probably the case.

1110
02:45:37.780 --> 02:45:44.860
So if picker lake there's that way, and here we are heading towards the other side of the River.

1111
02:45:46.750 --> 02:46:10.810
This slide shows the bedrock geology of the had him quadrangle and know that most of these formations are high grade metamorphic rocks except for this purple diet and this purple deck here that's the deck and, according to this map a suggestion was made that it's just placed.

1112
02:46:12.580 --> 02:46:14.470
By in a right lateral since.

1113
02:46:17.080 --> 02:46:27.490
The bedrock geological map the author dashed and question mark there because the fault lies beneath this floodplain that shown in the slider and here's the date here and here.

1114
02:46:29.230 --> 02:46:30.640
This is highway nine.

1115
02:46:32.530 --> 02:46:49.180
And the interpretive map shows the day the day and displacement along the constant brooke for segment of these ribbon and projecting it up in through here it crosses road pets and nine.

1116
02:46:50.380 --> 02:46:50.830
and

1117
02:46:54.190 --> 02:46:54.970
here's where it.

1118
02:46:55.990 --> 02:46:59.380
crosses the road there's a nine millimeter wretched zone.

1119
02:47:00.550 --> 02:47:06.820
And this feature here is a false claim that slips on, and it has an attitude with to.

1120
02:47:08.830 --> 02:47:12.790
was very steep slopes positive 70 degrees.

1121
02:47:15.640 --> 02:47:29.290
So here's the composite then from the state line with Massachusetts picking up the East for faults mapped in the eastern spring your quads through the Willem antic don't area.

1122
02:47:30.640 --> 02:47:34.330
bringing it into the moodle seismic area and.

1123
02:47:36.130 --> 02:47:40.090
pretty much anything down in through here at cross structure.

1124
02:47:42.460 --> 02:47:49.870
So here's the final slide showing the football picking up many of those historical data centers.

1125
02:47:53.350 --> 02:48:00.250
And finally, in conclusion, this would fall as a demonstrated fractures over 80% of its length.

1126
02:48:01.510 --> 02:48:21.160
Johan Varekamp: it's a regional new tectonic fracture zone and the segment through the modus area near the borehole is shown to be potentially active and was the cause for the 19 8700 clicks one and potentially other mood is quakes both pre historical.

1127
02:48:22.240 --> 02:48:27.910
Historical model, the maybe some other folks in the area that these football is.

1128
02:48:29.020 --> 02:48:33.010
is good and sound up to there, thank you very much.

1129
02:48:39.550 --> 02:48:42.340
Johan Varekamp: Thank you, Bob can can you guys hear me.

1130
02:48:43.480 --> 02:48:43.870
ralta: yep.

1131
02:48:44.860 --> 02:48:45.130
Good.

1132
02:48:47.560 --> 02:48:56.800
Johan Varekamp: kind of scary that a full runs kind of rights for the back of my next house, for I will be moving months for that that's good to know um.

1133
02:48:58.210 --> 02:48:59.110
Johan Varekamp: Any questions.

1134
02:49:01.390 --> 02:49:01.780
ralta: on it.

1135
02:49:02.860 --> 02:49:04.480
ralta: If I might i'm sorry i'm.

1136
02:49:06.040 --> 02:49:06.610
ralta: The.

1137
02:49:08.770 --> 02:49:10.720
ralta: The project came about sort of.

1138
02:49:12.130 --> 02:49:19.630
ralta: backwards thinking in my mind, because we were we were, starting with the premise, we want to find a near tectonic structure.

1139
02:49:20.140 --> 02:49:32.200
ralta: And I think the the normal approaches for a bedrock map or to go out map everything they see and then whatever falls out of it falls out of it, but in this case, it was looking backwards.

1140
02:49:32.950 --> 02:49:40.810
ralta: We want to find something that's recently active and that hadn't been done in the mood of Syria, but I just wanted to comment that.

1141
02:49:41.920 --> 02:49:46.060
ralta: I pose that question to Kelly, and he suggested using.

1142
02:49:47.080 --> 02:50:00.160
ralta: lidar imagery to get a bit an overview of of what might be present, through the thick glacial cover and It reminded me of what you had said earlier yelp about.

1143
02:50:01.450 --> 02:50:11.380
ralta: yellow you talking about the makers volcano and yell listed this that's quite a big Caldera it was that bigger picture, I think that.

1144
02:50:12.430 --> 02:50:19.960
ralta: yellow was able to offer by by his interest in remote sensing I think tim's nodding his head.

1145
02:50:23.110 --> 02:50:23.980
ralta: He started about that.

1146
02:50:25.090 --> 02:50:33.610
Adam Goss, Wes 01': Oh it's Okay, no I think my question kind of goes towards that big picture, what you just brought up in the sense of I think you showed some pretty convincing.

1147
02:50:34.510 --> 02:50:52.390
Adam Goss, Wes 01': evidence for the that lineaments will be causing the seismic swarm and the seismic information observed in the epicenters I was reading what What do you do you think about what's driving that what's what might be driving movement on that on that fault system.

1148
02:50:53.740 --> 02:50:54.040
Adam Goss, Wes 01': well.

1149
02:50:55.750 --> 02:51:07.900
ralta: We had we had one map up there that showed the the orientation of the sub horizontal stress field today and it's not it's at a reasonable angle.

1150
02:51:09.220 --> 02:51:14.620
ralta: It might be 30 the fault might be oriented 30 degrees off of that so.

1151
02:51:16.330 --> 02:51:17.530
ralta: I guess, I would say.

1152
02:51:18.940 --> 02:51:30.070
ralta: Ultimately, rich push from way over there, in the middle of the sea and a fault that's oriented favorably and it's.

1153
02:51:31.390 --> 02:51:42.430
ralta: it's going to have a reverse sense to it all the very steep the the magnitude of the quakes is very minor, so I think everyone in the room.

1154
02:51:44.260 --> 02:51:45.970
ralta: Probably probably knows.

1155
02:51:49.450 --> 02:52:06.130
Richard Ernst: It can I ask a quick question the the that strikes extra movement, you see, on the fault that you get from the sense of offset of the diet you think that's happening in the tectonic timers that much earlier, you know, during during you know the.

1156
02:52:07.300 --> 02:52:12.160
Richard Ernst: 230 to 200 million years ago during the the camp event or the precursor.

1157
02:52:12.220 --> 02:52:16.810
ralta: You were face information question and I don't know what we can say is that.

1158
02:52:16.960 --> 02:52:23.650
ralta: It cuts a Jurassic age died so it's it's that age or younger yeah.

1159
02:52:23.920 --> 02:52:33.340
Richard Ernst: Because the tip of it is sort of like a you know, is there does it have some sense of originating as a normal fault associated with the bass information is there any sense of vertical offset.

1160
02:52:34.480 --> 02:52:38.710
Richard Ernst: Because you know the offset across it at some point that its history.

1161
02:52:39.790 --> 02:52:42.640
ralta: Not to my knowledge, the the one.

1162
02:52:44.590 --> 02:52:54.220
ralta: outcrop scale fault that I showed this slicks were steep but I couldn't tell what what the sense of motion was by looking for.

1163
02:52:55.540 --> 02:53:00.460
ralta: Pressure solution fiber reserves or steps on if you're a believer in steps or not, but.

1164
02:53:02.050 --> 02:53:07.000
ralta: The because of the sub horizontal stress field which is east.

1165
02:53:08.650 --> 02:53:09.670
ralta: What would it be.

1166
02:53:10.810 --> 02:53:12.010
ralta: East northeast.

1167
02:53:13.930 --> 02:53:18.070
ralta: That it would favor a reverse sense on that.

1168
02:53:19.180 --> 02:53:22.750
ralta: On a on a westerly dipping East footfall.

1169
02:53:23.890 --> 02:53:28.780
Richard Ernst: yeah at the present time, but originating anyway yeah that's cool Thank you.

1170
02:53:29.350 --> 02:53:40.570
Johan Varekamp: We gotta move on, thank you, Bob and also, we can talk about this later and think makes me think about the alleys fascination was the offset drill.

1171
02:53:41.170 --> 02:53:52.270
Johan Varekamp: drill holes from the blasting off some of the freeways, and so we can talk about that later on, where we are some time it's now time to move on to the next dog, which is going to be phil.

1172
02:53:53.350 --> 02:54:04.270
Johan Varekamp: And phil is, in essence, the follow up of yelling in our department and he's going to talk about ductile too brittle faulting at the Western end of the Honeywell fulton.

1173
02:54:04.780 --> 02:54:15.760
Johan Varekamp: In gillette Castile state Park, which again is right next to my house so don't tell me much about now new earthquakes that are going to come by to take it away.

1174
02:54:34.870 --> 02:54:37.690
Phil Resor (he/him): technical difficulties getting my mouse to the unmute button.

1175
02:54:37.930 --> 02:54:38.200
So.

1176
02:54:40.360 --> 02:54:42.310
Phil Resor (he/him): Now, everyone can see my slides everything.

1177
02:54:43.630 --> 02:54:44.890
Richard Ernst: That we're seeing two slides.

1178
02:54:45.220 --> 02:54:46.240
Richard Ernst: Two slides at once.

1179
02:54:47.320 --> 02:54:48.010
Phil Resor (he/him): Okay.

1180
02:54:50.770 --> 02:54:52.750
Phil Resor (he/him): retry ending the show and starting it again.

1181
02:54:56.200 --> 02:54:56.710
Phil Resor (he/him): any better.

1182
02:54:57.850 --> 02:54:58.480
Richard Ernst: No.

1183
02:54:58.930 --> 02:55:04.630
Scott Herman: Okay we're seeing your speakers view rather than the the single slide because we see your notes and stuff.

1184
02:55:05.020 --> 02:55:10.150
Phil Resor (he/him): Okay, let me try just quickly starting the presentation and then share.

1185
02:55:13.420 --> 02:55:14.560
Phil Resor (he/him): If I can't do that.

1186
02:55:17.560 --> 02:55:21.100
Phil Resor (he/him): that's not gonna work either I can't find zoom okay i'm gonna do.

1187
02:55:22.270 --> 02:55:22.960
Phil Resor (he/him): The work around.

1188
02:55:27.940 --> 02:55:28.780
Phil Resor (he/him): test my own.

1189
02:55:46.060 --> 02:55:48.280
Phil Resor (he/him): Alright, so everyone sees just my.

1190
02:55:51.880 --> 02:55:52.390
Phil Resor (he/him): All these.

1191
02:55:53.830 --> 02:55:56.830
Phil Resor (he/him): All right, you're seeing my desktop now right with this slide okay.

1192
02:55:58.390 --> 02:56:00.340
Phil Resor (he/him): Alright, so as yoke just said.

1193
02:56:01.660 --> 02:56:04.990
Phil Resor (he/him): I was hired to take over teaching circle theology.

1194
02:56:06.280 --> 02:56:13.330
Phil Resor (he/him): After la and so those are really big shoes to fill and think when thinking about organizing this session.

1195
02:56:14.230 --> 02:56:22.600
Phil Resor (he/him): I could think of many connections in the projects, I took on and the way I taught my classes that were really inspired by yellow he was a.

1196
02:56:23.020 --> 02:56:36.730
Phil Resor (he/him): mentor when I landed here and had to figure out, you know what am I going to do in my classes, how are they going to what are they going to look like and he was very generous with his time to go out to all the field spots that he went instructional geology.

1197
02:56:37.810 --> 02:56:43.480
Phil Resor (he/him): and introduce them to me, and then in 2000 bucks i'm jumping ahead a little bit that's how I got there in a second but.

1198
02:56:45.370 --> 02:56:56.950
Phil Resor (he/him): And so I wanted to sort of talk a little bit about one example of that the Western into the honey hill fault, which is a place that yelling and I let it any ITC field trip in 2005.

1199
02:56:58.060 --> 02:57:06.340
Phil Resor (he/him): And it's a place that I continue to take students stay, so this will be a sort of a virtual field trip and, hopefully, will bring back some memories and i'd like to get some stories I.

1200
02:57:07.330 --> 02:57:18.940
Phil Resor (he/him): wonder what am I regret says, I don't remember stories very well and yellow he had all these great stories from all these places, and the versions, that I would I would never be is full of detail is what he did.

1201
02:57:20.770 --> 02:57:23.470
Phil Resor (he/him): All right, so speaking of out here's a picture of yellowy.

1202
02:57:23.950 --> 02:57:36.040
Phil Resor (he/him): Teaching his Connecticut geology classes, maybe the last time you actually taught that class, so this is, I don't know how long is classes around for, but it was a class for non majors where he took them out on field trips every week.

1203
02:57:37.210 --> 02:57:44.620
Phil Resor (he/him): introduce them to the geology of Connecticut in the field and introduce them to the idea of of using the field to tell stories.

1204
02:57:46.210 --> 02:57:56.110
Phil Resor (he/him): And so I guess the theme of our session, I want to think about yourself as a storyteller and how he practices craft in the field, and he did this with.

1205
02:57:56.410 --> 02:58:04.180
Phil Resor (he/him): Not just majors as people mentioned, he did it with non majors he did it with Community Members, I guess, he did it with police officers on the side of the highway so.

1206
02:58:05.200 --> 02:58:17.320
Phil Resor (he/him): He was always telling a good story and so people might recognize this this the great unconformity outcrop in southington, which is a very dark spot when the leaves are on sets that turns out to be hard to take a good photo.

1207
02:58:19.360 --> 02:58:20.260
Phil Resor (he/him): As I said.

1208
02:58:21.850 --> 02:58:30.610
Phil Resor (he/him): We lead a field trip to the western end of the honey hill fault, as part of the any IDC and 2005 I think this area might have been one of kelly's favorites.

1209
02:58:31.120 --> 02:58:39.040
Phil Resor (he/him): Partly there was a nice apple stand on the way there it's someone mentioned he liked to pick up apples on on field trips but they're also a.

1210
02:58:39.550 --> 02:58:51.520
Phil Resor (he/him): Beautiful structures and some that he considered a world class and as people said he's traveled and worked over the world, so to say something is world class when you have that kind of experience, probably means it so.

1211
02:58:53.350 --> 02:59:05.290
Phil Resor (he/him): And so the Honeywell fault for those who aren't familiar, is a major train boundary in New England so i've highlighted here, this is the map of hibbert at all, they look a tectonic.

1212
02:59:06.340 --> 02:59:19.060
Phil Resor (he/him): That side exactly the same, but map of the entire appalachian origin and i've highlighted the honey hill fault here and black and it separates a white yellow you like to say it separates Africa from North America.

1213
02:59:19.930 --> 02:59:33.670
Phil Resor (he/him): Now, and he would walk one of his favorite field spots, I think, was about read 11 where they highway stop being built, and there was a bridge to nowhere essentially it when you go across that bridge you drove into the avalon train and so he would.

1214
02:59:34.960 --> 02:59:41.680
Phil Resor (he/him): pick the vans off road essentially and go down there and and look at the avalon rocks avalon rocks there.

1215
02:59:42.700 --> 02:59:57.970
Phil Resor (he/him): Now we understand that really just a boundary between a couple paragon one and terrains one being the gander terrain, which would be what he would have called North America, and the other being avalon train and they both were created on to North America in the paleozoic.

1216
02:59:59.140 --> 03:00:15.580
Phil Resor (he/him): And one of the great things about wesleyan is that we're only about a half hour away from this boundary and so i've got the latest logo of wesleyan approximately where it's located and the little star is where we're going to go in our virtual field trip.

1217
03:00:18.880 --> 03:00:26.200
Phil Resor (he/him): And so, these outcrops tell some really interesting stories, I think, and so you can think of them as telling stories about.

1218
03:00:27.580 --> 03:00:33.580
Phil Resor (he/him): The crystal mechanics of a big crystal scale faults on, and so this diagram here is a.

1219
03:00:34.780 --> 03:00:43.480
Phil Resor (he/him): it's a modification of a plot put together by Chris Schulz some number of years ago I think was a nature publication thinking about how the earthquake cycle.

1220
03:00:44.170 --> 03:00:54.370
Phil Resor (he/him): acts in a fault, not just in the upper crust the kinds of things that Bob was talking about where we get seismic slip accommodating essentially all the plate motion.

1221
03:00:55.300 --> 03:01:08.320
Phil Resor (he/him): or in the lower crust where it's all accommodated by Dr flow, but also the interaction between these two in the middle crust and the rocks and honey he'll fall town are.

1222
03:01:09.370 --> 03:01:23.320
Phil Resor (he/him): Located basically right in that place where all this inner interesting interaction happens, and then the other stories we can tell are related to the regional tectonics that map I just showed you how we can look at these rocks to understand.

1223
03:01:24.340 --> 03:01:27.400
Phil Resor (he/him): things about New England tectonics and the building of North America.

1224
03:01:30.160 --> 03:01:40.960
Phil Resor (he/him): And so the area was maps by longer, and also in 1963 and the mapping that was actually in the 1950s, so this is essentially pre tectonic mapping.

1225
03:01:42.160 --> 03:01:57.550
Phil Resor (he/him): As that map in formed what became the Rogers map in 1985 and then more recently Ryan easy and Bob winch have remap the quadrangle and you could actually see a Bob might be interested in this to.

1226
03:01:58.660 --> 03:02:15.700
Phil Resor (he/him): They may have included some later brittle faults, which tend to cut all the structures, so I think for our for today that what's really important is that the purple rocks and some of the green are these gander cover rocks there that purple is that celery and even formation.

1227
03:02:17.050 --> 03:02:24.760
Phil Resor (he/him): And then the other shades of purple are the devonian Canterbury, which includes the he breitner the base of the Hebrew.

1228
03:02:25.330 --> 03:02:42.130
Phil Resor (he/him): And then the lowest part of the Hebrew and and the technic kale and then to the south east here the brown rocks are the avalon trades and so these are late precambrian kinetic nice's that we don't see any in florencia.

1229
03:02:46.000 --> 03:02:53.620
Phil Resor (he/him): All right, in the next picture i'm going to show a light our image in an oblique view, and so this little triangle.

1230
03:02:54.400 --> 03:03:12.610
Phil Resor (he/him): In a decent winch map is showing essentially what i've pulled out of this area and we're going to be viewing from the southwest this ugly image and i've cut it off more or less along the Connecticut river so it's a little bit weird perspective, and I want to set you up for that.

1231
03:03:14.590 --> 03:03:26.410
Phil Resor (he/him): Alright, so in these three images at the top, we have the view from the headline fairy tester headline fairy So this was at fall of 2006 I think.

1232
03:03:27.610 --> 03:03:33.010
Phil Resor (he/him): Leaving after a field trip and looking back and a lot of times and this probably make it back to yellow to.

1233
03:03:34.000 --> 03:03:41.050
Phil Resor (he/him): A lot of times the ferry operators will take us on a little tour if there's nobody else on the boat this day they don't think they did but.

1234
03:03:41.980 --> 03:03:51.340
Phil Resor (he/him): Sometimes they'll motor you upstream, and you can see some of the beautiful who knows pigment tights and and some of the crazy bridges that William gillette built for as little railroad.

1235
03:03:52.360 --> 03:03:57.280
Phil Resor (he/him): And a lot of times students end up late to sports because of the ferry operators generosity.

1236
03:03:58.510 --> 03:04:07.030
Phil Resor (he/him): Then, in the middle image we have hillside derived from the statewide lidar from 2006 and it's a draped over the typography.

1237
03:04:07.810 --> 03:04:16.000
Phil Resor (he/him): And so you can see, really nicely the cliffs have been formed here by presumably by glacial plucking that provide him really spectacular.

1238
03:04:16.660 --> 03:04:21.610
Phil Resor (he/him): views of the rocks and then the bottom i've taken the easy and which geology and draped it.

1239
03:04:22.480 --> 03:04:39.460
Phil Resor (he/him): Over that and so you can see we're going to be looking at three locations mark by the yellow stars and those are all basically in the in the Hebrew and other I think point in a point to we'll see a little bit of the Canada very nice and really the at this location, the.

1240
03:04:40.540 --> 03:04:48.460
Phil Resor (he/him): avalon rocks are across whalebone creek and pretty much obscured and so, but yeah we like to do is actually go out to.

1241
03:04:49.240 --> 03:04:58.570
Phil Resor (he/him): to sell them neck and look at the rocks out there and in 2005 trip we murdered out there with Joel Isabella on the department pontoon boat, but I.

1242
03:04:58.960 --> 03:05:08.620
Phil Resor (he/him): Usually I remember telling stories of students going out there and rented canoes and all sorts of adventure, so I don't know if anyone here did that but we'd love to hear about that, if they did.

1243
03:05:10.990 --> 03:05:19.660
Phil Resor (he/him): Alright, so our first stop is up here, this is actually in the yard, of a second stone estate that was built about the same time as gillette castle.

1244
03:05:20.710 --> 03:05:33.160
Phil Resor (he/him): And was fairly recently purchased by a couple who have been doing a lot of landscaping and clearing it was overgrown it had basically the rumors that sat vacant almost from the time it was built until recently.

1245
03:05:33.970 --> 03:05:39.250
Phil Resor (he/him): And so they're they're really cleaning it up and they're actually exposing some new outcrops, and this is one of them.

1246
03:05:40.840 --> 03:05:49.510
Phil Resor (he/him): So we're in the hanging well above the honey help fault and what you can see, are multiple generations of pagan magnetites intruded into.

1247
03:05:50.140 --> 03:06:04.150
Phil Resor (he/him): The rock here, and the number five is probably the most interesting what you see is the payment types are interested during defamation and then shared out in the parallelism with the fully ation and the number five magnetite.

1248
03:06:05.860 --> 03:06:12.790
Phil Resor (he/him): Cross cut some of these older pigment tights and so you can see where it's in the shifty rocks it's essentially parallel to fully ation.

1249
03:06:13.210 --> 03:06:19.210
Phil Resor (he/him): And then, where it goes through the older pigment tights you can see that originally had a steeper orientation.

1250
03:06:19.840 --> 03:06:34.030
Phil Resor (he/him): So you see a nice example of progressive defamation and Bob winch and I have a paper and press looking at essentially pigment tights as a more structural chemical process and thinking about how.

1251
03:06:34.930 --> 03:06:45.160
Phil Resor (he/him): You form the fractures that the pragmatists intrude into during probably high strain events where you can create brittle fracture and import normally Dr rock.

1252
03:06:45.670 --> 03:06:57.100
Phil Resor (he/him): And then you draw the fluids, in which make the magnetite and so when we think about where this would be in the crust this is going to be happening it's something like 20 kilometer deaths were felts bars are deforming.

1253
03:06:58.630 --> 03:07:06.700
Phil Resor (he/him): Luckily, and yet we can get high strain rates propagating down from brittle ruptures higher up in the crust.

1254
03:07:09.220 --> 03:07:15.730
Phil Resor (he/him): Alright, so our second stop that it's just down the hall from here, and this is one that I know yellow students do, and this is the spot, that he.

1255
03:07:16.150 --> 03:07:28.120
Phil Resor (he/him): considered the world crowd class location, and so this is an old quarry it may have been the quarry that they built the House from there actually are the current owners were showing us places.

1256
03:07:28.600 --> 03:07:43.900
Phil Resor (he/him): A pyre where you can see evidence of the old quarrying methods, where they would take oak pegs pound them into the fractures and then saturated with them with water and let them expand to propagate the crack and so on some of the Korean here goes back to essentially colonial times.

1257
03:07:45.010 --> 03:07:48.700
Phil Resor (he/him): And so there's this connection to the human again.

1258
03:07:49.900 --> 03:07:50.770
Phil Resor (he/him): So in this.

1259
03:07:53.200 --> 03:07:59.770
Phil Resor (he/him): In this location and, hopefully, you can see, this I annotate on the photos it's pretty subtle, but you have this really nice.

1260
03:08:01.090 --> 03:08:17.620
Phil Resor (he/him): tight vein and and the quarry walls are perpendicular so on these two pictures are actually continuous and then this picture is around the corner, you can see the corner, right here in the middle, where the students standing and so these are are my students from.

1261
03:08:18.730 --> 03:08:20.890
Phil Resor (he/him): 2005 I believe 2006.

1262
03:08:21.940 --> 03:08:28.390
Phil Resor (he/him): Taking measurements of the peg imitates the stretch out peg my tights and then trying to estimate strain.

1263
03:08:29.650 --> 03:08:35.800
Phil Resor (he/him): And in the southwest while you see a classic brittle ductile budaj where.

1264
03:08:37.150 --> 03:08:48.610
Phil Resor (he/him): The penguin status fractured and then the surrounding justice float around and they're nice courts tales connecting all this and then, when you look in the south east wall you see a more ductile looking.

1265
03:08:49.720 --> 03:09:01.450
Phil Resor (he/him): budaj with a pension swell, and this would be the view that we actually saw in the House up above where everything looks dokdo so again the importance potentially extreme right and and the direction of strain on the defamation.

1266
03:09:04.210 --> 03:09:10.840
Phil Resor (he/him): And I think we already heard a little bit that that another thing another legacy of yellowy as a.

1267
03:09:11.800 --> 03:09:22.690
Phil Resor (he/him): Food analogies and to focus on food in the field, as I inherited leading these trips and bringing Baghdad and yummy cheeses along and.

1268
03:09:23.290 --> 03:09:27.310
Phil Resor (he/him): And also having students play with food to understand these processes and what have you all these.

1269
03:09:27.850 --> 03:09:42.610
Phil Resor (he/him): points you like to make here was that these burdens were like they would be laid out in the case in France, I guess, and I think this picture honors that but someone else could correct me but not end to end like we think of the chain of sausages hanging.

1270
03:09:44.140 --> 03:09:52.750
Phil Resor (he/him): In a store or you know that you buy them but side to side like this, and so anyway, I bought Those are some French sausages.

1271
03:09:54.250 --> 03:09:59.440
Phil Resor (he/him): All right, and then, if our last stop we're going to go just below gillette castle.

1272
03:10:01.150 --> 03:10:04.870
Phil Resor (he/him): And I guess my I think my animations aren't really working for this, but.

1273
03:10:06.460 --> 03:10:12.670
Phil Resor (he/him): What you can see here is there's this beautiful cliff face that we created a 3D model of.

1274
03:10:13.750 --> 03:10:23.440
Phil Resor (he/him): And each of these little boxes is a close up photo, so this is picture five from the right and and, hopefully, you can see here i've outlined.

1275
03:10:24.130 --> 03:10:31.930
Phil Resor (he/him): Some little black feigns that are found in these rocks and so these are seated attack lights that are formed when you get a fictional mouth or otherwise.

1276
03:10:32.800 --> 03:10:43.450
Phil Resor (he/him): friction of melt in a false own and it's generated on a slip surface here and then intrude into the surrounding wall rocks, and this is another just classic example.

1277
03:10:44.350 --> 03:10:54.460
Phil Resor (he/him): Of a fault rock a seat attack late unfortunately it's you can't really say much about the slip direction for a minute outcrop like this the cracks actually form during the dynamic rupture pulse.

1278
03:10:54.790 --> 03:11:03.700
Phil Resor (he/him): And so you get fractures on both sides of the fault, rather than, say, a tip crack that you might be familiar with, which gives you the kinematics.

1279
03:11:06.130 --> 03:11:19.120
Phil Resor (he/him): And then, but there are other examples, further along the face and I guess my numbers have disappeared, but this is point six up here and so in this case, you can see, see to tackle eight veins actually.

1280
03:11:20.560 --> 03:11:27.910
Phil Resor (he/him): surrounding this little fold to guessing that perhaps the wall rocks either the folds are pre existing or the wall rocks were actually ductility deforming it.

1281
03:11:29.140 --> 03:11:36.550
Phil Resor (he/him): Between slip with pencil default and then you can take this little blue horizon here and restore it back to here, and so you see in this case.

1282
03:11:37.120 --> 03:11:51.100
Phil Resor (he/him): That this is a top to the north slip sense and in this third panel here you actually get little extension will connecting faults and you see the same sense let's talk to the north, so.

1283
03:11:52.420 --> 03:11:53.500
Phil Resor (he/him): This structure.

1284
03:11:57.400 --> 03:12:04.960
Phil Resor (he/him): The structure is generally been finding faults has been interpreted as a big thrust fault but there's been a long standing debate about whether.

1285
03:12:05.590 --> 03:12:19.390
Phil Resor (he/him): It might also be an extension of structure and these features here suggest that at least this latest most brutal phase, which would be here in the sort of upper middle costs within the seismogenic sound.

1286
03:12:20.410 --> 03:12:29.920
Phil Resor (he/him): was actually an extension will structure, and so I think I am basically out of time, I will just skip to the last couple slides so.

1287
03:12:30.670 --> 03:12:34.060
Phil Resor (he/him): I had students actually mapping out here last spring, and unfortunately.

1288
03:12:34.750 --> 03:12:47.170
Phil Resor (he/him): A pandemic got in the way of doing really filling in the map like we hope to you, but we were able to track track this fall down through the park, so it continues along here and it's fully ation parallel essentially the whole way.

1289
03:12:49.600 --> 03:13:00.370
Phil Resor (he/him): And I guess, I think this was just me a summary that that this evolution from more purely ductile too brittle dokdo makes sense in the retail tectonic scheme as well.

1290
03:13:01.240 --> 03:13:10.600
Phil Resor (he/him): And i'll end with my conclusions that yellow modeled an approach to teaching and learning that use careful field observation to reveal exciting stories.

1291
03:13:10.990 --> 03:13:21.340
Phil Resor (he/him): about the earth and to tie these two the humans who lived on it, and that the Western end of the honey fault was a favorite place where the rocks told stories of dynamic evolution of our continent.

1292
03:13:21.820 --> 03:13:32.980
Phil Resor (he/him): And this landscape also inspired the actor William gillette in the early 20th century, this is what I skipped over and continues to inspire geologists and students to this day, thank you.

1293
03:13:36.520 --> 03:13:37.360
Johan Varekamp: Thank you very much.

1294
03:13:39.700 --> 03:13:40.690
Johan Varekamp: Wonderful story.

1295
03:13:43.090 --> 03:13:47.200
Johan Varekamp: We got time for one question remark, and then we gotta move on.

1296
03:13:54.130 --> 03:14:01.660
Johan Varekamp: Well phil is a Co author on the next paper as well, so we might as well move on and I think you gotta you stop sharing.

1297
03:14:01.660 --> 03:14:02.560
Johan Varekamp: Your screen.

1298
03:14:02.890 --> 03:14:09.490
Johan Varekamp: So now i'm being tested if i'm a good host I gotta get this poster going.

1299
03:14:12.160 --> 03:14:12.970
Which.

1300
03:14:16.450 --> 03:14:35.140
Johan Varekamp: So this is the title is the tectonic evolution of these of the eastern waterfall football in the Durham quadrangle in Connecticut and zachary clang and phil reader and Bob wench are the authors and there isn't a poster to be admired here, so this is gonna work.

1301
03:14:39.940 --> 03:14:46.120
Johan Varekamp: So here we are i'm gonna share this with you should.

1302
03:14:56.530 --> 03:14:58.690
Johan Varekamp: You see it as older the poster.

1303
03:15:00.460 --> 03:15:01.570
Johan Varekamp: Gauze.

1304
03:15:04.090 --> 03:15:06.280
Johan Varekamp: Hello everyone, and thank you for joining me to discuss the.

1305
03:15:06.700 --> 03:15:16.870
Johan Varekamp: evolution of Austrian border fall football thing connecticut's Durham quadrangle in the 1960s yeah leaderboard map the Durham quadrangle is unpublished map contributed towards Roger steam map compilation.

1306
03:15:17.200 --> 03:15:21.160
Johan Varekamp: drums in South central Connecticut on the eastern margin of the mesozoic hartford basin.

1307
03:15:21.520 --> 03:15:28.900
Johan Varekamp: The quadrangle is have to buy the Northeast Southwest running eastern border fault divided into sedimentary hanging well in the metamorphic foot wall of the killingworth don't.

1308
03:15:29.500 --> 03:15:38.560
Johan Varekamp: hear on a figure modified from hibbert at all 2006 we have located the Durham quadrangle the eastern waterfall passes from South by new haven through Durham north to new Hampshire.

1309
03:15:38.950 --> 03:15:42.790
Johan Varekamp: below the base in the eastern border fault represents a transition and metamorphic grade.

1310
03:15:43.270 --> 03:15:52.780
Johan Varekamp: The Western Connecticut displays variable metamorphic grade preserving acadian fabrics well Eastern Connecticut is characterized by universal allegheny and over printing and regional in a Texas.

1311
03:15:53.020 --> 03:15:57.760
Johan Varekamp: showing that the eastern border fall is responsible for significant displacement after the allegheny into rajini.

1312
03:15:58.330 --> 03:16:09.700
Johan Varekamp: By characterizing the fabrics developed within the foot wall in Durham we aim to describe the motion on the eastern border fault from its origin is a ductile thrust system around 380 million years ago to its brittle history during mesozoic extension.

1313
03:16:10.570 --> 03:16:18.580
Johan Varekamp: field mapping beginner on miller's pond state park this park offers a transact perpendicular to strike of the dominant units closest to the eastern border fall.

1314
03:16:19.030 --> 03:16:23.980
Johan Varekamp: Their oxygen miller's ponder all magnetic and very coarse grained magnetites are found within all other units.

1315
03:16:24.490 --> 03:16:35.320
Johan Varekamp: Most of the rocks in the East to the park or medium grand to coarse grained grana fells and Nice is composed primarily a pledge you play sports bar by a tight Horn blend and courts shown here in town and read.

1316
03:16:35.740 --> 03:16:42.850
Johan Varekamp: To the Northwest or Mauritius those units shown in bright red and blue significant fraction of the outcrops within the west of the Parker Nick pigment tights.

1317
03:16:43.180 --> 03:16:53.020
Johan Varekamp: Generally, pragmatic course form the dominant typography mantle bus just those rock a variable must give out and buy a type ratios exposure of shift not indirect association with pigments it is poor.

1318
03:16:53.560 --> 03:17:01.390
Johan Varekamp: The Center of the park is mapped is Rogers or division Collins hill Meta volcanic subunit here pleasure place granted fells host it discontinuous my name.

1319
03:17:01.780 --> 03:17:07.450
Johan Varekamp: Is marlon a trend is shown here in green and now crops have been described outside the park both North and South words.

1320
03:17:07.960 --> 03:17:16.180
Johan Varekamp: This mountain is characteristically straight planar bands of fine grained garnet courts layers one to 10 millimeters and with alternating within fibula of comparable with.

1321
03:17:16.840 --> 03:17:20.860
Johan Varekamp: This series is often found interrelated within zoho bodies Horn blend and filet.

1322
03:17:21.520 --> 03:17:27.220
Johan Varekamp: The major geologic map units all share common fully ation orientation, as shown on the stereo that's a figure six.

1323
03:17:27.640 --> 03:17:35.920
Johan Varekamp: Additionally, map to than the park or several generations of impossible linear ization and other ductile rotational features, preserving evidence of strain orientation at depth.

1324
03:17:36.460 --> 03:17:48.010
Johan Varekamp: And football many Asians trend from 216 to zero 44 with the majority falling around to 90 and a plunge of 30 also present our boot and sets long access as in youth around 310.

1325
03:17:49.090 --> 03:17:58.720
magnetites such as image for dash to indicate early permian Anna Texas when these rocks are subjected to depth 1630 kilometers resulting in partial melting.

1326
03:17:59.110 --> 03:18:04.330
These melts cool different pigment is on the scale of 10 meters interlocking grains up to 10 centimeters.

1327
03:18:04.630 --> 03:18:07.060
Opposite this, we have a grant of fell sick nice outcrop.

1328
03:18:07.240 --> 03:18:19.390
shown and things section five a and is composed of clearly differentiable pleasure placed by a titan Horn blend crystals remaining below melting temperature these rocks preserve the metamorphic fabrics developed during ductile thrust and ductile normal motion.

1329
03:18:20.740 --> 03:18:25.090
Johan Varekamp: Closer to default is temperature lowers from undetected conditions, my lunatics just reformed.

1330
03:18:25.480 --> 03:18:32.770
Johan Varekamp: The outcrop of off the map shows a dominant we shift those file an eye on the margin of a peg protrusion with folded pigmentation things emanating from it.

1331
03:18:33.190 --> 03:18:41.800
Johan Varekamp: Immediately right figure five V is interpreted as a sheer zone within the park where flow is localized around large magnetite bodies sheer senses top to the east southeast.

1332
03:18:42.340 --> 03:18:47.620
Johan Varekamp: rocks within this area we're also extensively folded with the majority of seo planes measure to striking northeast.

1333
03:18:47.980 --> 03:18:56.020
Johan Varekamp: This sample shows biotech pleasure place granted fells hosting a CT scan the thin section is viewed to the north, suggesting an east, west maximum shortening direction.

1334
03:18:56.440 --> 03:19:00.460
Johan Varekamp: As temperature drops with constant strain Milan it exists transition to Milan.

1335
03:19:00.850 --> 03:19:10.840
Johan Varekamp: The continuous motion within the sheer zone greatly reduces grain size, as seen in figure five see grains in the zones of higher strain partitioning around the order of 10 times finer than in the Jason granted.

1336
03:19:11.650 --> 03:19:17.080
Johan Varekamp: These finest bands, like the dark central bands shown in plain polarized light are composed, primarily, of course, in garnet.

1337
03:19:17.830 --> 03:19:28.000
Johan Varekamp: geochemical trace element data was gathered at West the and using a wavelength dispersal X Ray fluorescent spectrometer shown here is a tectonic discrimination diagram modeled after duration at all 2018.

1338
03:19:28.450 --> 03:19:34.090
Johan Varekamp: By showing some mixing it suggests that the prototype of the eastern nice like units was likely non-playing morphic body.

1339
03:19:34.810 --> 03:19:46.210
Johan Varekamp: In summary, it is our view the or division Collins information may not be justice due to sedimentary input, but more plausibly as a result of prolonged ductile thrust information along the eastern border fall and earlier parallel structures.

1340
03:19:46.750 --> 03:19:54.430
Johan Varekamp: Fuel measurements of kinematic indicators such as delineation boudin rotation and fold virgins are consistent with our understanding of dominant strain during the allegheny and.

1341
03:19:55.450 --> 03:20:01.630
Finally, the presence of Milan is confirm the strain required to produce shifts by transposition of an igneous proto Thank you.

1342
03:20:12.220 --> 03:20:20.950
Johan Varekamp: Thank you zachary for that's a great talk i'm now finding out that fill in this students are messing around my houses, because I live.

1343
03:20:22.120 --> 03:20:26.620
Johan Varekamp: 10 meters from mills pond, so this is amazing there's a planner fill.

1344
03:20:28.330 --> 03:20:29.620
Johan Varekamp: Any questions for that.

1345
03:20:36.370 --> 03:20:47.890
Zach Klang: I have a quick comment i'd like to thank the geological society of Connecticut for supporting this research student grant and think the geological survey as well kind of catchy logical service use of field mapping equipment good.

1346
03:20:49.000 --> 03:20:49.300
Good.

1347
03:20:52.960 --> 03:21:12.850
Jean Crespi: um i'll ask zak a question so um you know the harper facing is always the mystery basin where there's no obvious reactivated pre existing paleozoic structure, you seem to have solved that mystery you underplayed that story, I think, is that to understand your poster correctly.

1348
03:21:14.260 --> 03:21:19.180
Zach Klang: Where we're reactivating a thrust system as a an essential feature.

1349
03:21:19.690 --> 03:21:21.670
Jean Crespi: yeah so that's always been a mystery.

1350
03:21:21.670 --> 03:21:33.190
Jean Crespi: For the hartford basin all the others it's very clear to show what's being reactivated to make these early messes up base and so it's really cool Thank you zach for educating me this morning on that was fun.

1351
03:21:33.670 --> 03:21:34.120
Zach Klang: Thank you.

1352
03:21:36.250 --> 03:21:49.540
Phil Resor (he/him): i'll add a comment that this is a story the yellow he would have liked to he always promoted this actually when we went to Yale COPs in portland he would say it's a look at the affiliation their sub surfaces in here.

1353
03:21:50.770 --> 03:21:51.970
Phil Resor (he/him): So he would have liked it.

1354
03:22:00.190 --> 03:22:06.430
Johan Varekamp: Alright, so now we're gonna move to our last poster in the session we still more or less on.

1355
03:22:06.430 --> 03:22:30.370
Johan Varekamp: Time and there's gonna be presented by Scott Herman and it's titled the wesleyan COPA volcanology project how an exploratory trip to the Andes grew into a 16 year research project that uncovered the heartbeat of a beehive volcano so let me see if I can get this thing rolling.

1356
03:22:40.900 --> 03:22:50.230
Johan Varekamp: In the late 90s, a chance encounter with to Argentina geologists lead to yoke yellow Noah and me heading to the Andes to investigate the crater lake of compile a volcano.

1357
03:22:51.190 --> 03:22:59.980
Johan Varekamp: Apart from the Argentine geologists descriptions of recent eruptions little is known about the volcano or its hydrothermal system, except that the crater lake bubbled with liquid sulfur.

1358
03:23:00.700 --> 03:23:06.340
Johan Varekamp: This was interesting enough to convince yellen yoke to lead our tiny expedition to a chatroom be stuff so and check it out.

1359
03:23:07.180 --> 03:23:22.210
Johan Varekamp: Little did we know at the time that this short exploratory trip would lead to a 16 year project for 18 undergrad and graduate students, resulting in 17 publications to date and two more in progress, the careers of a generation of wesleyan geologists started on the slopes of Coco.

1360
03:23:23.320 --> 03:23:32.710
Coco is located in the Argentine andy's on the border with chili there's a highly acidic crater lake and associated hot springs that feed into the acidic up a real agrio.

1361
03:23:33.190 --> 03:23:44.260
which then flows into glacial lake copy out where the crater lake has a pH of less than one the upper real agua de niro averages 1.5 and lake copy always at 2.5.

1362
03:23:44.680 --> 03:23:54.610
which makes it roughly equivalent to a big bowl of lemon juice or nothing grows except weird mineral blooms that precipitate out at the mouth of the River where enters lake cubby away and the acidity drops.

1363
03:23:55.450 --> 03:24:07.270
koba is off the beaten path and rural Argentina with not much out there, besides, a small ski resort and a health spa where the sick and elderly soak in the natural equivalent of acid mind drainage fluids in their quest for vitality.

1364
03:24:08.980 --> 03:24:14.320
Johan Varekamp: Over the years the wesleyan team has gathered enough data to characterize cope always resembling a beehive.

1365
03:24:14.710 --> 03:24:23.110
Johan Varekamp: And that it it's rock has been honeycombed by acid and refilled with liquid sulfur and alia night in a cycle that has been termed the heartbeat of the volcano.

1366
03:24:23.800 --> 03:24:33.310
Johan Varekamp: Regular geochemical monitoring of the hot springs river and glacial lake uncovered a pattern of element fluxes that appear to wax and wane with magma intrusion and or eruption.

1367
03:24:34.000 --> 03:24:40.120
Johan Varekamp: This cycle was observed over to eruptive periods and one non eruptive magnetic intrusion that may have been a failed eruption.

1368
03:24:41.200 --> 03:24:47.680
Scott Herman: Prior to eruption we see the concentration of volcanic elements such as sulfur increase acidifying hydrothermal water.

1369
03:24:48.370 --> 03:24:55.030
Scott Herman: Upon renewed volcanic activity, the rock forming elements such as aluminum potassium and magnesium increase markedly.

1370
03:24:55.510 --> 03:25:03.850
Scott Herman: Then, after an eruption concentrations of these elements drop off rapidly to almost nothing this pattern can be explained by the following process.

1371
03:25:04.300 --> 03:25:11.410
Scott Herman: And the period between interruptions the deep system acidified and heats up followed by shallow magma intrusion end or eruption.

1372
03:25:11.980 --> 03:25:18.790
Scott Herman: The newly in place magnetic rock reacts with the hot acid fluids, leading to increased export rates of rock forming elements.

1373
03:25:19.300 --> 03:25:23.500
Scott Herman: This is quickly followed by the precipitation of new minerals in the hydrothermal reservoir.

1374
03:25:24.340 --> 03:25:29.230
Scott Herman: saturation modeling as well as the presence of alien I in ashes from the 2012 eruption.

1375
03:25:29.560 --> 03:25:38.770
Scott Herman: support the notion that post eruption alienated saturation clogs up the system, reducing overall permeability and element flexes, particularly for potassium and aluminum.

1376
03:25:39.670 --> 03:25:53.620
Scott Herman: This repeating cycle of acidification rock dissolution and mineral precipitation followed by renewed mineral solution which restores permeability is the heartbeat of the cabal way magneto hydrothermal system, driven by the magma pulses from below.

1377
03:25:55.210 --> 03:25:59.860
All this was unknown that first season, when we set out to sample and characterize the hydrothermal system.

1378
03:26:00.640 --> 03:26:06.790
Know recently reminded me of an incident where he and I set out to sample a copy away in a genki metal outrigger canoe.

1379
03:26:07.480 --> 03:26:13.990
Meanwhile yella and yoke found a shady spot under a cliff on shore to set up lounge chairs and watch with cold fruit drinks in hand.

1380
03:26:14.860 --> 03:26:23.050
After several sweaty hours paddling around taking samples and full rubber rain gear and waiting boots we saw massive black thunderheads appear over the volcano.

1381
03:26:23.740 --> 03:26:31.090
has made us increasingly nervous about our situation sitting in the middle of a low pH and therefore highly conductive body of water in a metal boat.

1382
03:26:31.840 --> 03:26:41.440
Just as we finished our sampling, we saw lightning and heard thunder booming so we decided to declare victory and retreat paddling hell bent for leather before we got electrocuted.

1383
03:26:42.400 --> 03:26:47.710
on our way to shore the wind started picking up and waves began splashing into the boat threatening to swamp us.

1384
03:26:48.250 --> 03:26:54.610
Our paddling got more frantic and less effective as the boat got lower in the water and slower and heavier with every cresting wave.

1385
03:26:55.300 --> 03:27:00.400
We finally rolled up onto the shore drag the boat up and collapsed exhausted on the rocky beach.

1386
03:27:00.790 --> 03:27:06.490
At which point yella who hadn't seen the storm because of the cliff he'd been sitting under calmly walked up and said.

1387
03:27:06.970 --> 03:27:12.850
yeah we heard that boom and saw you both racing back into shore and thought oh God, please don't be the volcano.

1388
03:27:13.720 --> 03:27:21.850
lucky for all of us, it was not the volcano but, thanks to the insights game from the wesleyan teams research and analysis of Kabbalah and it's hydropower thermal system.

1389
03:27:22.330 --> 03:27:34.660
There is the potential to use the heartbeat of the volcano to monitor and pending eruptive activity this possible application of our work seems fitting legacy to yell is abiding interest in the intersection of geologic science and human society.

1390
03:27:44.890 --> 03:27:46.000
Johan Varekamp: Thank you Scott.

1391
03:27:47.350 --> 03:27:56.230
Johan Varekamp: This were indeed memories of the first time that we went to kapow and, as I mentioned in my in my own little.

1392
03:27:58.000 --> 03:28:10.840
Johan Varekamp: Little presentation yellow is health afterwards wasn't so great, so the plans that we had to work on the tectonic setting of the backyard, there was jelly never panned out because he he felt he.

1393
03:28:12.130 --> 03:28:30.970
Johan Varekamp: He didn't want to climb a tree Colomer a high volcano too often that at his age, and I now know how that feels and, at the time that I went up there with Scott, I used to be the first one on top, and now i'm happy if i'm the last one who makes it out there, but that's okay.

1394
03:28:32.110 --> 03:28:33.310
Scott Herman: As long as you make it up.

1395
03:28:33.760 --> 03:28:36.340
Johan Varekamp: As long as you make it up that's right and.

1396
03:28:40.150 --> 03:28:42.490
Johan Varekamp: So any any other questions here.

1397
03:28:44.440 --> 03:29:02.890
Johan Varekamp: And indeed it has been a wonderful project for wesleyan students, we have, I think 16 thesis both masters and undergraduates and we running towards 20 papers, published on that project and still going strong so it's been great and.

1398
03:29:08.950 --> 03:29:16.780
Scott Herman: I think, Adam and I both cut our teeth on that project, along with a number of other people who, some of whom I continue to work with till this day.

1399
03:29:23.320 --> 03:29:36.100
Johan Varekamp: We had one student called a straight hasson and he was a graduate student from Germany who came to study paleontology at wesleyan and then I convinced her that may be going to kapow would be a good idea, and she mapped.

1400
03:29:37.630 --> 03:29:47.560
Johan Varekamp: Back on the salts and run melts models on the computer forever and she she really worked very, very hard, sometimes I thought, maybe i'm even too hard on her.

1401
03:29:47.980 --> 03:29:55.810
Johan Varekamp: I had her on the phone three weeks ago, and she said, you know that was the best time of my life that's what we like to hear from our students.

1402
03:30:02.110 --> 03:30:15.610
Lutz, Tim: i'd like to just jump back and thank phil for showing those pictures of the quarry up at gillette Castle, I was last there with yella and structure or structure class.

1403
03:30:16.510 --> 03:30:26.170
Lutz, Tim: You know, back in probably 1971 or 72 and it was really great to see those those outcrops again I haven't been back in person.

1404
03:30:28.000 --> 03:30:43.240
Phil Resor (he/him): But the nice thing is the new landowner I didn't we haven't tried to bring classes there yet, but they appreciate the geology so they like to hear the stories and they people clear the land, through a lot of the project, Korea and they're going to pull it all out make it look Nice.

1405
03:30:44.350 --> 03:30:44.770
Lutz, Tim: Great.

1406
03:30:45.250 --> 03:30:46.000
that's cool.

1407
03:30:50.770 --> 03:30:56.920
Johan Varekamp: Though we have some time to do have some some yellowy stories and so on, and I got a.

1408
03:30:57.670 --> 03:31:01.240
Scott Herman: I got a good one, all the mention of apples and apple cider.

1409
03:31:01.630 --> 03:31:14.680
Scott Herman: room that reminds me of a story I don't actually remember the entire story, but this particular phrase, or you know Pratt fragment of a sentence has stuck in my mind, all these years, which was roughly.

1410
03:31:15.370 --> 03:31:19.960
Scott Herman: So there, I was hanging to the side of a building with my pants full of apples.

1411
03:31:20.620 --> 03:31:32.620
Scott Herman: And I I don't know I don't remember the rest of the story, I don't remember why he was hanging on the side of a building with his pants full of apples, but that's always stuck in my mind is you know, one of those classic yellow tails.

1412
03:31:36.490 --> 03:31:37.420
Lutz, Tim: know about that one.

1413
03:31:40.450 --> 03:31:47.080
Phil Resor (he/him): Remember, when he talked about butanol we're talking about something about a cheese sandwich with two kinds of cheese and sitting on that or something and.

1414
03:31:47.950 --> 03:31:50.230
Phil Resor (he/him): I could never even remember what the cheese's were.

1415
03:31:51.430 --> 03:31:52.690
Phil Resor (he/him): If anyone remembers that.

1416
03:31:53.320 --> 03:31:55.030
Scott Herman: He loved those food analogies.

1417
03:31:57.910 --> 03:32:02.650
Phil Resor (he/him): So unfortunately i'm going to run, but thank you everybody that's been really fun.

1418
03:32:04.000 --> 03:32:06.490
Phil Resor (he/him): So thanks for taking the time today really.

1419
03:32:08.710 --> 03:32:09.310
Scott Herman: Thanks phil.

1420
03:32:14.290 --> 03:32:30.010
Johan Varekamp: So yeah let me bring up again this story that along the route to one day blasted in the freeway they drilled deep holes in the side wall and it turns out that all these drill holes are offset by a couple of inches.

1421
03:32:30.820 --> 03:32:44.620
Johan Varekamp: And How is that possible, and so is that pose glacial rebound related is this passive strap release and he had now, so there were all kinds of story and you're on an interesting paper about it documenting it.

1422
03:32:45.010 --> 03:32:57.220
Johan Varekamp: And when I when he brought me there for the first time I said come on yellow what we got you know, and indeed it was true, it was just very clever observation that if you look carefully at those things, it was not just.

1423
03:32:59.140 --> 03:33:13.630
Johan Varekamp: surface rocks kind of moving along a little bit, that was a systematic offset of these drill holes, which were drilled through the 1960s, so in 3040 years there had been an engineer and a half of movement and.

1424
03:33:15.370 --> 03:33:17.410
Johan Varekamp: i'm not sure if anyone is still working on that.

1425
03:33:19.600 --> 03:33:25.630
Scott Herman: Does anyone have any idea of that movement was gradual over time, or if it was you know, a particular event.

1426
03:33:25.750 --> 03:33:28.210
Johan Varekamp: Supposedly, I was going to go over time yeah.

1427
03:33:30.940 --> 03:33:37.030
Johan Varekamp: So when we were doing all our sea level rise work on the coastal marshes here in long island sound.

1428
03:33:37.540 --> 03:33:45.520
Johan Varekamp: And we do a lot of coring there and we did all these levels and I had a master student doing all that work and.

1429
03:33:46.210 --> 03:33:56.410
Johan Varekamp: We had offsets between which were in essence Paleo sea level, so we knew it had to be horizontal surface, but it were like offset by meter a meter and a half.

1430
03:33:57.010 --> 03:34:09.280
Johan Varekamp: And then we found out that at March was positioned over Eastern waterfall as a way to help out there is there is evidence for a reason movement along is remote default and so.

1431
03:34:10.060 --> 03:34:20.020
Johan Varekamp: We never brought that project to fruition and the students got literally got his PhD at Columbia and became a professor at woodhall so he did well for himself.

1432
03:34:20.380 --> 03:34:29.050
Johan Varekamp: He never picked up on it again and maybe during my retirement, I will go back coring there and see what's what's true of that story, but Kelly was so.

1433
03:34:29.290 --> 03:34:38.620
Johan Varekamp: fascinated by the ID of a Mars growing over and covering that evidence, but if you did all that stuff and the evidence actually was still there, so.

1434
03:34:39.340 --> 03:34:39.880
Johan Varekamp: It was that.

1435
03:34:40.510 --> 03:34:41.590
Scott Herman: Is that bill Thompson.

1436
03:34:42.010 --> 03:34:43.270
Johan Varekamp: that's bill Thompson yep.

1437
03:34:43.540 --> 03:34:44.860
Scott Herman: Oh wow cool.

1438
03:34:53.950 --> 03:34:56.290
Johan Varekamp: So clear anymore yellow stories.

1439
03:35:01.030 --> 03:35:05.020
Claire Hruby: It was all about cheese wasn't it, I mean I was thinking about being and.

1440
03:35:07.240 --> 03:35:20.530
Claire Hruby: Rhode island and and looking at some Buddha knowledge and and he pulled out the the apples and breathe I don't know if it was a food analysis or not I don't think, so I think he was just in the mood for apples and Brie.

1441
03:35:21.940 --> 03:35:28.000
Claire Hruby: And some wine, and you know I mean he knew how to make those field trips absolutely enjoyable.

1442
03:35:29.200 --> 03:35:33.460
Claire Hruby: And then you the the geology would stick with you as well.

1443
03:35:36.190 --> 03:35:36.580
Claire Hruby: But.

1444
03:35:38.410 --> 03:35:42.460
Claire Hruby: Now all of my crazy stories are once I got to Greece i'm afraid.

1445
03:35:53.410 --> 03:35:54.820
Scott Herman: All of that talk about.

1446
03:35:56.140 --> 03:36:07.720
Scott Herman: You know, yellow his interest in in the intersection between geology and then archaeology which I, you know was aware of at the time, and I even you know did a little bit of work on the Delphi project with them.

1447
03:36:08.170 --> 03:36:17.170
Scott Herman: But you know thinking about this in a larger context of sometimes has me wonder if you know if that has any influence on me having married an archaeologist.

1448
03:36:21.670 --> 03:36:22.390
Scott Herman: You never know.

1449
03:36:22.600 --> 03:36:23.230
Johan Varekamp: Who knows.

1450
03:36:23.440 --> 03:36:24.610
Scott Herman: In the back your head, you know.

1451
03:36:33.700 --> 03:36:40.450
Johan Varekamp: good enough, otherwise I think we're gonna wind this down and get some lunch before I go to my next meeting.

1452
03:36:40.990 --> 03:36:41.380
But.

1453
03:36:42.670 --> 03:36:45.460
Johan Varekamp: I appreciate everyone attending and.

1454
03:36:45.460 --> 03:36:48.130
Johan Varekamp: Speaking of great talks and.

1455
03:36:49.300 --> 03:36:54.610
Johan Varekamp: brought back lots of great memories and Claire I haven't seen you for so long it's good to see.

1456
03:36:56.080 --> 03:36:58.690
Johan Varekamp: Claire has a busy and hydrology from.

1457
03:37:00.970 --> 03:37:02.260
Johan Varekamp: works as a.

1458
03:37:09.280 --> 03:37:12.790
Claire Hruby: coordinate the groundwater monitoring for the state of iowa.

1459
03:37:13.990 --> 03:37:17.920
Claire Hruby: Among other things, and then you know i'm just sort of.

1460
03:37:18.970 --> 03:37:32.620
Claire Hruby: geologist as needed when there are problems to solve, or a sinkhole opens up or somebody as well as contaminated you know there's we're a small group so we get to do a lot of different work but.

1461
03:37:32.680 --> 03:37:41.950
Claire Hruby: Good we're just going to start monitoring for a fast this this summer so that's the the newest issue in iowa.

1462
03:37:44.320 --> 03:37:49.360
Johan Varekamp: And the nature of experience was essential in your for the career, I hope.

1463
03:37:50.440 --> 03:37:55.810
Claire Hruby: Oh yeah it's essential for my sanity I mean it whenever.

1464
03:37:56.950 --> 03:38:07.090
Claire Hruby: Whenever something's going wrong in my in my real life, I just disappeared and the service in my head and people who know me well, or like oh you've got degrees in heaven.

1465
03:38:09.010 --> 03:38:25.870
Claire Hruby: I don't have to go there physically anymore, but I would love to to go back and and see all those wonderful people again that we we met and i'm just impressed with the network of geologists the way that teachers and students relate, and then pass their information on and.

1466
03:38:26.890 --> 03:38:35.710
Claire Hruby: I taught introductory geology at Drake for many years here at des moines and I know my students, you know.

1467
03:38:36.850 --> 03:38:49.960
Claire Hruby: Used snicker bars as food analogies and things like that you know just things that we we passed passed out and i've had students go to Nice arose and tell me about their travels as well, so.

1468
03:38:50.830 --> 03:39:03.310
Johan Varekamp: Then, the last time I was there was in 2009 when I ran a volcano field school there for mainly European kids it was great to be back there now have a volcano museum and so.

1469
03:39:05.950 --> 03:39:10.600
Claire Hruby: Well, they still need a permanent monitoring station yep so we have work to do.

1470
03:39:10.990 --> 03:39:13.510
Johan Varekamp: would have to do for us that's right.

1471
03:39:15.580 --> 03:39:16.450
Absolutely.

1472
03:39:19.330 --> 03:39:25.390
Johan Varekamp: Very good nice to see you yes bozo attending this little wesleyan event.

1473
03:39:30.520 --> 03:39:31.510
Jess Peluso: All right, good to see you.

1474
03:39:33.280 --> 03:39:34.300
Johan Varekamp: good to see you again.

1475
03:39:36.490 --> 03:39:38.950
Jess Peluso: hi nice to learn about you yellowy.

1476
03:39:41.530 --> 03:39:48.850
Jess Peluso: I did some work on West rock I did a couple projects on West rock and I always went back to his work to try and learn about that.

1477
03:39:49.990 --> 03:39:53.710
Jess Peluso: So it's always good to hear about you know people who I wouldn't have known otherwise.

1478
03:40:03.190 --> 03:40:10.870
Johan Varekamp: Very good, but I guess I am gonna close this in the end, I think, very festive amount it says.

1479
03:40:11.980 --> 03:40:20.020
Johan Varekamp: passed away, but we know that's the cycle of life, but all of us have so many good memories on the man that's always stay with it.

1480
03:40:22.840 --> 03:40:32.440
Johan Varekamp: I will send a movies to fairly his wife, she was living in California she wasn't gonna get up at five o'clock in the morning was technical hassle so.

1481
03:40:33.790 --> 03:40:51.280
Johan Varekamp: And somewhere i'm not sure if i'm allowed by GSA to export all these recorded talks and put them on a website that other students could who couldn't be here and watch those things where I would be nice so i'll try to accomplish that.

1482
03:40:54.190 --> 03:40:54.730
ralta: Thank you.

1483
03:40:56.650 --> 03:41:06.340
RISE GSA Staff: Nancy Wright: Joe hon connect speak about that for send the recording so this session was recorded and it will be available for everybody who has.

1484
03:41:07.510 --> 03:41:19.030
RISE GSA Staff: Nancy Wright: registered for the meeting beyond that it's not available, but people could still register for the meeting I and see these recordings.

1485
03:41:20.080 --> 03:41:27.580
RISE GSA Staff: Nancy Wright: The only ones that would be available are the E posters, but I don't think we had a posters in this particular session, did we.

1486
03:41:28.000 --> 03:41:29.590
Johan Varekamp: Did we have to eat posters.

1487
03:41:29.890 --> 03:41:37.240
RISE GSA Staff: Nancy Wright: Okay, so those are open for everybody, but the recording of this particular session is not open for everybody.

1488
03:41:37.660 --> 03:41:41.410
RISE GSA Staff: Nancy Wright: But we'll see if we can get you a recording descend on to the wife.

1489
03:41:42.400 --> 03:41:56.320
Johan Varekamp: or yeah very good so also like two three years later, God doesn't open up those things that people can look back at these recordings, but that would mean they they are basically buried, for the rest of their life.

1490
03:41:58.120 --> 03:42:01.090
RISE GSA Staff: Nancy Wright: Well, hope not, but you know.

1491
03:42:02.230 --> 03:42:03.700
Johan Varekamp: But that's the policy at the moment.

1492
03:42:03.880 --> 03:42:05.290
RISE GSA Staff: Nancy Wright: yeah yes.

1493
03:42:05.320 --> 03:42:06.010
Exactly.

1494
03:42:09.100 --> 03:42:13.690
Johan Varekamp: i'll possibly be in touch with you about getting that to his.

1495
03:42:14.710 --> 03:42:15.850
Johan Varekamp: His wife, his widow.

1496
03:42:26.800 --> 03:42:27.640
Johan Varekamp: My next.

1497
03:42:29.140 --> 03:42:39.070
Johan Varekamp: My next zoom meeting is on organizing a filter for the energy is a meeting in an Oregon so that it never stops that's the way it is.

1498
03:42:39.790 --> 03:42:57.250
Johan Varekamp: it's great to see you all and hope to see you back one order Wesley and function at small courageous department at that small liberal arts University in Connecticut and still delivers a steady flow a wonderful students.

1499
03:42:58.300 --> 03:42:59.770
Johan Varekamp: i'm happy to see all of you here.

1500
03:43:01.780 --> 03:43:03.370
Johan Varekamp: bye bye bye.

1501
03:43:04.150 --> 03:43:08.000
Scott Herman: Thanks everyone all the talks are great.

1502