I tried to talk.
But can I ask you a question about the mind don't
think there's too many bumps.
I think about when I don't know.
Paying attention to and he didn't answer so I think he can you hear me now.
Yes, again.
So, the Lando in the Clinton, and Stony Brook dorms. Yes, they can go back and forth between Colonia and been area.
What
they can't make up their mind.
So, so what do you think are we just not confident we just don't know or do we feel more strongly towards one or the other.
I think an argument that the lime dome is Gander can be made.
So, The same with a little bit of Clinton and the same with Stoney Creek and, and some of that is common lead.
And some of that is epsilon needed in him there.
It's if people are inclined, one way or the other.
Just by personality, then they can say well there's an overlap between the Avalon and Gander fields and what the overlap and isn't going to be certain and.
And if you.
We have a little bit of data in our pocket.
That helps make the lime dome
Gander, one of the, one was in my talk, the, the obit heights that little wedge of stuff in there has the titles are cons that or at least the late Devonian.
And it's a wedge of sediment that don't fit any other kinds of settlements around medicine.
And so, if you believe not believe. No, it's shrimp data so it's good.
And for the trial zircons in there with ology is is rather unique there.
It's sitting between the lime dome and the Selden block on top of it which I call Avalon.
The road fairy stuff.
And rather than put it under the Avalon rod put it on top of it so here's the lime dome and will will unfold it, and now here is the open heights Devonian sentiments and now here is Avalon this the wedge.
So I'll put the urbanites
meta settlement on top of the line dome in the late Devonian and that means it was at the surface.
And no it is everything in there is a sheer zone you some, some reckless people would say everything is my lunatic.
Which is quite true but it's everything is attenuated. So you can say well there's a folder underneath it and default on top of it until you don't know where the obit was deposited.
Fine. Okay, but it's it's structurally now above line.
And so that means the line was at the surface in the late Devonian.
And that means this piece of either Avalon or Gander whichever you want it to be was not anywhere near the lower crust.
In the late Devonian and of course that's totally fits why there's no Acadian geo cron in any of these wrongs because they were at the surface.
We have some Devonian igneous rocks, but we don't have any met him or any Mona sites or any real rims.
that are
any of these, and all the big mistakes of course now, Maria.
All the magnetites all the pagan the tides are all Permian.
We have some metamorphic zircons in some ambivalence maybe one or two samples and their 315.
So, the reserve con is growing in an amphibious.
Everybody believes that that's a metamorphic sir con, and it's the first time the rock Scott.
Once you grow and metamorphic exert on it and then fibula you're stuck with it because is there coding them fixes is fixed in desert calm and that's it.
And so 315 monitors, its first program metamorphic ism which fits.
so.
So going back to your question is a gander or is it Avalon,
the most compelling arguments that I know about are based on isotopic compositional differences between how primitive this. The two are thinking, if I'm remembering now I think it was the Avalon was more primitive anyway.
The, the three homes in southern Connecticut aligned on the big one, the smaller Clinton dorm and the little
Stoney Creek down course the stony Creek is the is the Devonian blue top, but it still has isotopic composition of inheritance from ganda.
So all this begs the question of why do we have a gander inheritance in western Connecticut.
And, and the answer is well there's more than one piece of Gander
is the protons and Western Connecticut that give.
Dan Darian isotopic signatures, but those Plutarch.
So did the gander the gander accretion help make the cylindrical Rajan He sure did. Did the line dome is the lime dome, a piece of that dander. Absolutely not.
So it's, it's, it's compelling that there are more than one piece of Gander.
Or, if I, if I need to step back unless it's compelling that there are several different independent pieces of Paragon Guana.
Is that a for me maybe that's how we should start pulling all the strings. I keep changing the colors or my makeup for all these don't.
What I did give a talk I got a chuckle. I called the three Southern Connecticut domes line, Clinton and Stoney Creek, I call them Gander one of these.
One of these dander want to be.
And people laugh that time but maybe not this time.
So they could be a Bologna and want to be, but they smell more like an area.
They're more consistent with what you're saying argue a way to argue that the, the isotopic signature isotopic DNA is a wrong.
Okay.
If you do that, you can be like Trump law, these are false, those are those are false,
true.
I feel guilty because I talked to Bob earlier and we were chatting before.
It's a challenge, I was doing something else I had to pick my daughter up from school but this conversation is, it's good, we're having this in terms of Bob's response about the isotopes.
The problem is is the isotopes. Don't uniquely fingerprint Avalon or Gander because the they overlap and Steve Cappy pointed this out in Newfoundland and so we've seen that in southern New England and I think when we assigned to the line don't to get
We didn't have that much isotope data and it looked like there were two different pieces of crust and I think now with looking at additional data and plotting up make Thompson's data from from Avalon sense of strict do if you will, for New England.
Then there's a considerable overlap and so I don't know if the isotopes are really going to help us very much.
It's still it, we can discuss this offline but I think it's intriguing with new titles or con data that you showed you that that Westboro Blackstone Plainfield have similar detritus zircons and the old Roxy of sedimentary rocks in that area have a detritus
zircons signature, which is doesn't have any ages younger than about 925, they're all 925 and older, and then they're cut by these pollutants that are 610 620 in that ballpark.
That's really intriguing and I think that's really going to be useful tool to help us sort out what some of these medicine inventory rocks are and what they belong to.
So I got in just at the right time, Bob.
Here you defending the line job I'm so sorry I wasn't in earlier when that when the question was asked so I tried to be equivocal as equivocal as I'm able,
that there's a rock that doesn't have any younger than 900 and something. million year jerking in his, do we know if any of those in the area we know some of those in abalone but not a whole lot, or in New England abalone and we do.
Well that's event.
Meg Thompson pointed that out earlier when she did some of the her detritus zircons on the Westboro as well so she's found the same thing, but somebody was saying earlier on, I can't remember who it was but one of the questions is if you're sampling sedimentary
rock, what do you go for and what do you see when you look at the different rocks and the answer was, if you look at the court sites, you only get old zircons, but if you look at the rocks that are more impure like our coast is or metal or Kosovo's require
a wacky, you tend to get a sampling of wider sampling of zircons and maybe some of them will give you a maximum deposition of age.
Apparently the court center nights are not revealing that they're only showing the older zircons and those are the ages, from the Westboro and the playing field and the Blackstone that are giving all these old ages so maybe they're not revealing what
happened between 925 and 620 when these futons came in. It's a, you know, maybe we look at something else aside from the court sites to try to address that but Meg, Meg does have some samples from Westboro that have that same signature and years ago I
think Paul carabiners also did the same thing but it was older I think they were Tim's ages and not not very robust but it's it's something that needs to be addressed.
So, yeah, the New England.
We do, we do have those receivers and hopefully be dated that rockin close that era that they'll have the same signature as the ones that I shared this morning.
That's great. That's good. I didn't know about Alice. Is that a paper that's out already.
It's coming in the GSA special paper that's in the works, and rightfully come out in the near future.
So, It's coming soon. Yeah.
Well thanks for sure everybody up on the spot, Greg.
This this talk was canceled so I thought I'd go ask Bob, I was wondering I tuned in.
I missed a Morocco talk to and I'm really sad about that so I figure something happened so I'm glad to chime in.
Thank you.
Well, I think we should probably keep our mouths shut.
Okay.
All right, I guess we can move on to our next talk is the Permian high temperature hydrothermal veins, and in football like meta Soma tourism and Western Connecticut evidence for their association with Allegheny unintrusive.
This is by Harold Moritz Bob winch. Bill Dublin and Ryan McAleer. So go ahead, Press.
All right. Thank you. All right, let me call the
else.
Hey,
and then.
All right.
Okay this area in southwestern Connecticut has been a favorite of mine for a long time since I'm a rock counterpart, I became a geologist, probably explain why the minerals I'm finding where they are.
So, this area is down in way Southwest Connecticut, sitting in the middle of sea of the Katie and organic terrain shifts and nice etc.
And it's unique in several ways we have mineralization all over Connecticut but there's nothing really, like, with here, and the host geology is also very well exposed.
It's got a section of the so called Bazell member of the street shares.
That is sitting on the unconformity between the strangest and underlying units.
Very good exposure there that unit and Katie and men and what was interesting was also some meds his own fault in here we're not going to get into that.
The mineralogy here has been talked about and studied since Benjamin Selman 200 years ago.
We've got a civilized that's been Minnesota ties and hosting she light.
Calcium tongue state, which is, this is the largest tongue state deposit or tungsten deposit in eastern North America.
But there's also a series of high temperature veins that host Topaz and fluoride and other minerals.
May, seemingly overlapping, but maybe they have something to do with each other.
We've also got in the area Allegheny and Pluto in them.
And so today, since we have unique mineralogy associated with the unique or at least a local Allegheny influenza, is that because of the mineralization.
The park here on the left and this aerial view is has been apart since the 30s has been hoping for collecting minerals etc since then.
It was saved because the town got it through, you know, payment of taxes so what was rural in the 30s is now an island degree and a sea of development, which has its pluses and minuses for mapping.
On the right is Crowley's 1968 bedrock geologic quad which shows on the right the speeches and and yellow and blue the civil rights and Marvels at least how he interpreted them back then.
There's also some Peggy Titan area and a little day site porphyria down the lower left our fuel area is pretty small.
Because the outcropping is very localized to the park.
And it really needed the detailed topographic mapping or the map to scale which the LIDAR mapping provided us and I can't put up and put out enough plugs for using light ours is base map these days and see pretty much everything we found in our detailed
mapping here is the straight shifts that the top of the mapping area on the left.
And in between it and also strange This is again down here in the south end by the Quantic river in between is a sequence of marbles and lights, two of each.
And then those are sitting on top of a magnetite zone interestingly, all of those units are cross cut by the of the high temperature mineral veins I will talk about.
Just some photos of the units from development which can sometimes be very temporary but this face is actually still there, great exposure the streets just sitting on top of the upper marble unit and upper in civil law unit for the downhill in the park
is great exposure of the lower marble. This old quarry.
And if you keep going down hill, you end up at the lower into the light unit, very well exposed in the park in these large like uncovered out grounds.
And eventually you get down to a zone of magnetite filled with remnants and screens of amphibious light and take payment type mixed together, sitting on top of the screen just again so this whole unit whole package has been for us over the straits.
And that's a structural issue beyond the scope of this talk, but something that needs to get worked out at some point we refer to that as the Quantic river magnetite zone.
But let's look at the civil rights. We find Minnesota does in here.
Unfold the aided medicine which is apparently happened after the Katie and
fully ation was completed.
A lot of the normally dark, black man.
Magnesium horn Glenn has been converted to a an activity camp bubble and it gives it that greenish cast.
And with zones of clove brown Klein Zoe site.
Typically with courts, and sometimes calcite.
Some of the calculators still on the space ears and naturally dissolve away.
And we also find she like she like can be hard to see in daylight, very white looks like courts. Fortunately it has the property of very very bright fluorescent under sure we have you beans is one of the reasons why this area so popular with with collecting
these are pretty good crystals, as they go.
Is this piece shows here they can be buggy again on fully randomly oriented crystals will also find large deposit alibi and Albert and scapula are kind of chemically similar because Mary light, being the sodium member you can rewrite the formula is L
bite plus sodium chloride. The pie temperature mineral veins would seem to be unrelated to this.
They're typically about a meter thick. They vary anywhere from a fraction of a centimeter to a couple of meters but typically less than a meter. There, their walls are parallel there and they're slab like they extend for 10s of meters long the ground
typically steeply dipping predominant azimuth is about 320.
They are internally zone. They look kind of like taking the tides, but considering that you can have any number of the zones down to just the Muscovite walls zone by itself.
vein seems to be a better term,
they have a Topaz Albanian immediate zone and a courts in a poor right court.
The hydroxyl to fluorine ratio the Topaz tells us something about its formation temperature and the presence of chlorophyll variety which is a green floor resting fluoride is typical pregnancy temperatures, actually.
So we know these are high temperature veins as opposed to a low temperature Mesozoic type of thing which is also in the area next to the veins, we do see actual actually proximal medicine with ism as well within several centimeters typically, and that
wall vein, the host rock will typically be altered to have finer grain mixture of flow to play again Mary light.
Courts tiny grains that she light would feel only notice using a UV lamp and iron sulfites purity.
Some examples on the left, that he is one that penetrates the three chairs that when it does that it tends to be very narrow.
When it does that it tends to be very narrow. In the lower end right there can wider chords dominant when you first look at them but if you get up close and examine them carefully, you will see other minerals.
Here's the loose block that was laying around forms a nice cross section, fine grained sort of grayish brown Minnesota time zone around them.
Again flow to play Mary like words.
People who've been where you have Muscovite walls zone with the Muscovites growing perpendicular to the wall typically more or less.
Sometimes beans consists only of the Muscovite roles in a little bit inward is typically either a Topaz rich or an alibi rich zone, really me seen them together, why that is but in any case.
And then in the core is usually courts and or chlorine fluoride middle.
Another piece, more of a hand sample again showing these units with Topaz crystals in the intermediate zone reports Muscovite roles zone at the bottom.
medicine monetizing similarly.
Here's a piece from the contact zone or up the corporate dr area of freshness. Something was recently blasted again showing fluoride. Dr. Flores pain alibi.
Our friend Mary light again and flow to pipe, contact a UV really separate these a lot better. It shows are glorifying variety, bring a little bit of blue l by, which is uncommon there.
And Mary lights. Again, sort of a Mariel a to me really links these two mineralization together.
Considering VC involved in the sort of widespread medicine which isn't in the light. And again, along the contacts with the high temperature things.
So let's look at what we know where things are and what they consist of. Let's look at the temporal element for this study we obtained a Muscovite Oregon age recruiting temperature age from one of the veins, which gives us a to 67.
million years.
And that's comparable to where at least younger than the nearby playing would lie, which is our Allegheny unintrusive.
There's a Muscovite age from that at 291 so that's sort of that as crystallization.
And in the area also and another study was Mosca by cooling age again from the straight just to 54.
So if we put all these data spatially and our temperature and times. Thank you, Bob, this is my, my favorite things in geology right now.
Tells me when everything happened is was really what I want to know.
We'll just run through how Iraq's went through time, they got metamorphosed here in the Acadian, and then gradually cool down.
That cooling was apparently interrupted by our thermal events, both for the medicine which is a beer, represented by the she light and high temperature range represented in this picture by the fluoride
that temperature then cooled down. Eventually, to the closure temperature for Muscovite age, which would have been after crystallization.
We're interpreting that the veins happened contemporaneously with the plane with a melody which is represented by the red curve up here.
event number three.
Based on the other studies.
And then the rocks, after they went through this little pulse of eating in the Allegheny and continue their cooling.
There was another pulse of
Mesozoic heating and the early Jurassic related to wrestling that's all over Connecticut.
But that's another story to a lot of things going on in the same place. So our conceptual model putting this all together is in our studios here in the center, these these represent other veins outside the park and a bunch of them in the park and their
orientation is shown here in the upper right. We haven't we have an alignment which has been long mapped of small futons as well as the knees are often deformed futons, as well as the plane with Adam LA.
Line up here and a trend, which is parallel to the Allegheny and push direction.
And presumably that caused the expansion that allow these futons to come through our veins at the same orientation, and our temporal data tells us that they are contemporaneous with the plan.
And I think that kind of covers everything. One thing we should point out Rebecca Kennedy has done work on at Pinewood she spoke about it yesterday. There are other veins there as well.
They are simpler mineralogy mostly courts within Muscovite walls zone but I think that adds more evidence that that all of these features are related.
We'd like to get out and kind of fill in the gap in between, because one one question is, are the veins up here in gold mine Clark, from the Pinewood, or is there another clue time you're here.
I would say that the more complex mineralogy in the veins up here in gold mine part.
Probably represents veins at a higher level than down here within the actual futon the Pinewood.
That's something that this topic and study I suppose.
And with that, I'd like to thank my co authors bill and Ryan and Bob couldn't have done it without you guys help from the state, and staff there and of course the town for even saving this place in the first time could have been all in your homes by now.
So thank you.
Thank you for that Fritz if he has any questions, we do have a few minutes for questions
Fritz. Do you have any chemistry on the infield lights associated with the straight.
I'm nothing that we really did.
Now it's been fairly limited to mostly mapping and a little bit of temporal data.
This area certainly could use a lot more study, especially that so called Bazell unit, which I guess is Russell mountain up in Massachusetts.
You know, Bill Devlin certainly knows more about that tonight.
Thank you.
I'll just make one other comment in the Roxbury area we're also encountering Northwest trending courts vein, some of which had been Corey and I don't see him anywhere else the mine Hill granites nearby, although that's not Allegheny and but it it makes
you wonder about that trend and and what it means.
Yeah, I have never been to those words veins I just recently figured out where they even are because I was working on their minds and 40s back to the state.
So I don't know if there's any accessory minerals in there at all, see if I can get out there these days but all the most of the other mineralization I'd seen hydrothermal the least run throughout the state is is pretty much probably Mesozoic.
Not sure if this delegating thing goes much further beyond trouble.
Why, you know, always a good question.
But this is the only real Allegheny and kind of features we see in western Connecticut right so Corazon come down West.
Thank you
for its I'll ask the question, How confident are you that the shape of the Pinewood Adam lie is mapped accurately because it seems to show up like an egg that's perpendicular to the trend of the dikes.
Yeah.
I not my area of expertise, I would throw that to Rebecca, just appeared.
He's out there now and yeah boy that's a rugged rugged terrain and you want to chime in Rebecca how much time we have. Sir, I actually had a question for you to that just occurred to me but I'll just comment on the shape of the Pinewood.
From what I've seen, there's definitely some revisions that need to be made.
When you get towards the Northeast section, there's been a lot of development there so it's really hard to even see any outcrop, but especially you know as you get on the western side of Bhutan, I can tell there's, you know, a very uneven edge, it's not
just an oval.
And then the question I had for you fruits.
Do you think that because there's so much Minnesota tourism around those veins at all mine Park and I don't see that at all in Pinewood. Do you think that could contribute to the differing mineralogy more than just there being a different Plutarch underneath.
Boy.
Yeah, I don't know, I mean, what's interesting to me really about the Minnesota affects all media.
And you look at Western mostly like deposits or tungsten budgets out west are affecting lines, and the marbles here seem totally unaffected. We don't have any you grant it's a you have essentially there.
So I don't, I wouldn't I'm surprised I'm not surprised you don't see anything because I don't think it's going to affect for some reason the light seems amenable are susceptible to this and I don't know what the fluids we're at something someone could
have study but, yeah, there's so many facets to this that to this area that are still open topics.
Maybe, maybe I'll just say a quick thing the, the,
the ankles and they are pretty high temperature, and probably most meta stable and most reactive with hot fluids at about 450 degrees.
The and football at 450 is of course a tremor light.
And so they're reactive whereas in the, in the Pinewood well we have pledged plays in case barn courts, and they don't, they, they don't react much with water and probably the water was already saturated in in at least courts and plans in place and so
much as they have the water would react with small rocks. If the water was out of equilibrium with the wall rocks.
But grants are easy to be in equilibrium.
So, the marble is still a big issue.
I'm surprised they didn't react more.
All right, thank you for your comments, it is time to move on to our next talk.
Talk for is what's up with that the chronic sequence in the Indian River formation, with Charles Metro, Robert Jacoby and Margaret Thompson.
And I believe I have to get that to screen share.
Hi, I'm Chuck Mitchell, I'd like to talk to you today about some work that I've been doing with my colleagues Bob Jacoby and Mike Thompson, looking at the Indian River formation and Taconic succession
map on the left is from McDonald at all and 2017 shows the Perry Laurentian sequences in blue, and Paragon one in sequences and greens on the right, separated by the iPad a suture in red area we're interested in talking about today is in the northern
part of the getting's book slice in with a little red box it just appeared there along the border between New York and Vermont.
The unit is the Indian River formation over here on the right, it stands out is the only red slate. In the middle of green and black slates through the early and late or division in this region, also stands out tectonically.
This again is from McDonald at all on the left a tectonic model, showing the closure of I optimization and and the sequence of events that occurred in association with that.
And again the Indian River occupies in a unique position in that succession.
Following the closure of the iPad is the collision between row belt, and the more time terrain on the one hand, and the final closing up of those terrains against the margin of Lorenza by the closure of the taxiway, and the questions that were interested
And we think that the Indian River can tell us. Give us some useful information about that interval between this slab break off and reversal episode. And the final closure of chronic see way.
And the final closure of chronic see rain. So here's the geological map of the region from the Vermont Geological Survey and USGS rocks are interested in again or the Indian River formation highlighted here by the contact and read between the Indian River
and the underlying pulled me formation.
The Indian River is part of the Norman skill group, formerly called dormant scale shale, the lower unit in that succession of faces and together the normal route makes the young the top of the locks on a succession in this region.
Study sites or sites we visited or dots in green here. I'll talk about a couple of them during the course of this talk.
The Indian River is exposed in this area and the core of a series of sin Cline's, not a lot of exposure, mostly in couple road cuts and in some ways, then you remember formation as I said as a red slate as deeply red finally laminated silty slate, with
a numerous tough beds, these sort of green layers in your Apple green layers in here.
The rocks are used still for roofing slate, as these fellows here are splitting blocks of shale or slate into roofing tiles.
And that means that these stories are some of them are still active. They've been active over substantial period of time.
Also means there are some nice exposures and some of the quarries, this is one of those stories, showing you cleavage with a red face there and its intersection with bedding and green.
These rocks are, for the most part Baron, they contain some radio Arians.
Very few body fossils really the only body fossils are the lights which we'll talk about in the mall in the moment, on some of the bedding planes you can find burrows and so it's not as if there weren't any organisms out there, but but there are no Shelly
fossils as far as what you can tell.
Grab the lights were studied by Bill Berry, 1962, he wrote a paper about conical icons in general, got by phone is there from, and the normal skill was one of the units that he talked about and and he mentioned that in Washington County.
There were black shale lenses that produced crap the lights from a couple of sites, and he said that these in fact the old enormous Gill collections produced an identical assemblage of crap the lights.
Nonetheless, he showed the normal skill is ranging from upper by cornice or sorry, upper gospel his own through the corners interval.
And so we were wanting to know exactly what the age of any river was whether it was really grace less or by cornice.
So we start off to see if we can recollect any of these homeowners, and that turns out to be difficult.
Barry reported graft lights from three sites in this region, shown here around North Granville and middle Granville and up by pulled me.
And so we went out to try to recollect him.
His locality information is not very specific. He gives you a distance and a bearing from nearby towns, and one is never really sure exactly where to start measuring from and where to wind up but for site 42 in particular, which we pursued the directions
he gives puts you in the pilot, rather than in the Indian River.
We went to check and sure enough it looks like bullet to us as well.
We did find some grab the lights but but no Indian River formations.
The other sites that he mentioned in this area are both were inquiries. And unfortunately, both of those queries have expanded considerably in the 60 years since he collected.
And so there's no opportunity there to find exactly the spots from which he collected his material.
In fact, in the looking that I did I didn't find any drop the lights in in the Indian River but but I haven't given up, we're going to do some more looking.
So for the one what we have to work with are his reported fullness and this is his list I rearranged the species by age, and the collections by member so the Indian River is at the left and not Marina in the middle and Austin Glenn pilot youngest stuff
on the right.
And there's sort of three blocks of species here I don't expect you to read the names doesn't matter of color coded the important information for you.
The things that first appear on the gospel zone are shown in beige.
That includes new graph describes the list itself the species all range into younger rocks. There aren't any species in this set of grace zone things that are restricted to the gospel zone such species do exist, but none of them are present in in his
list. What is president in his list even in the Indian River interval, are a bunch of species that first appear in the by corner zone, including come out grabbed us by cornice itself, the overlap of by coordinates and grace the list tells you that these
rocks including Indian River. Foreigners are derived from the lower part of the combat who ripped us by cortisone.
There also are dated beds, tough beds out of these rocks McDonald at all. Presented ages from several localities. One of them is this one.
McDonald's f 1450. This is Megan I on the Corey Bob taking the picture in core of a cynical I overturned leanings incline here. The upper limb is overturned.
And there's a nice ash bed, about a centimeter and a half thick, Scott primary layering in Attleboro cross cutting and age foreigner that he presents here's the middle one f 1450 small number of zircons gave them an age of 466 slightly larger collections
or columns from a band farther down the axis of this incline produced data for 64.
So one might wonder how that compares to the graph the lights.
We can look at that. Also, this is ag information from the latest geological timescale JGTS 2020, where they estimate the ages of the zones based on the cases where they have innovated grab the lights and David beds, they estimated the uncertainties in
in these things as well. So the age of the base of the by Cornerstone according to this blind fit is about 456 almost hundred and 57 million years plus or minus about point seven.
The McDonald ages you'll remember are considerably older than that right for 64 466.
So, just not within the bicarbonate zone right there's in any sense of the likely errors on these things, a possibility that these are from the same structure graphic interval.
There, six to 10 million years too old.
So what might that mean it's certainly possible that one or the other of these ages is wrong I don't think the lights are wrong but I couldn't guarantee that they're, they're properly placed given some of the problems we've had.
And you know the date rate metric date seem reasonable.
Given the chronology of the region and the data that the authors presented.
So I think it's worth at least entertaining the possibility that both ages are correct.
Right. If both ages are correct, we need to worry about a couple of things. One of them is what is the nature of the contacts.
The upper contact is not terrifically well expose these days we we didn't actually find it will expose what we were out in the field.
Louise Delano who did her, her thesis on these rocks back in 77 when the cores we're a little fresher found several sites fact she said this was the contact it was the best exposed in the area.
And she concluded that it was abrupt but conformal several author, other authors who've looked at this have concluded similar things and again the shared graph the life on between the collections report out of the Indian River and the collections report
out of the marina suggest definitional continuity or anyway. No big gap in ages.
Lower contact is certainly gravitational we found a couple of sites where you could see this. Here's one in a nice Corey rocks again overturned Indian River is below the pony here but you can see that it grades from dark pulled me to to read, Indian River
they're similar looking burrows and some are looking straight on either side of that color boundary. So apparently deposition continuity.
This suggests them that the Indian River if all these ages are correct may span 10 million years or so slow deposition.
If that's so that it must have been deposited well out of reach of large to try to live in flux from either laryngeal or the holly more town terrain.
India's complex out there that suggests that the sentiments must have been mainly dust arrived sentiments number of people who hadn't heard that the Darwinian was a cool interval, maybe even a little bit of glaciation in some parts of the world at this
time. So we might have had alien dust arrived settlements and vigorous circulation in the base in producing these red settlements that are slowly being deposited in the iconic see way.
So what might this imply then about the history of the closure of the economy the way we're going to get and take Donald at all model, we've modified it redrawn a little bit here going from the oldest to the youngest from top to bottom.
So starting slab break off any river would have been deposited in a relatively wide to connect see way isolated from settlements, perhaps captured in the subduction zone the now.
During the slab break.
While as subduction is reversed and flat slabs abduction on that closure to kind of see what might have been driven by the interaction of.
Okay, I'm going to try to restart the video.
I'm not sure exactly how much I'll be able to time where he left off tubs that it's a longer range. There we are. Placement to kind of electrons and.
Allison i think is having some issues with her connection so I'm going to quickly try to switch all the interaction between the flat flats abduction, and the overlying more down to rain, finishing up the mechanical Rajini.
Thank you for your attention.
How much of that did you miss at the end there.
Like it was the last minute or two.
Yeah, the conclusion slide basically it froze during that.
Okay, I will play the last slide basically then since we kind of had some technical issues here.
Forward.
Yeah, you know, Some parts of the world at this time. So we might have had alien dust arrive settlements and vigorous circulation in the base in producing these red settlements that are slowly being deposited in the iconic see way.
So what might this apply them about the history of the closure of the comics, the way we can again take a look at the McDonald and all model, we've modified it redrawn a little bit here going from the oldest to the youngest from top to bottom.
So starting in a during slab break off.
Indian River would have been deposited in a relatively wide to connect see way isolated from settlements, perhaps captured in subduction zone. Now, inactive subduction zone.
During the slab break off and and ignition of the animalistic Arc System that continues for a while as subduction is reversed and the arc really gets going.
And we think that art might have been shut down and rival of flat slabs abduction. We've argued in a previous paper and 2018 that closure to kind of see way might have been driven by the interaction of more town during with flat slabs abduction.
And so we show that here in this model, shifting the deposition from the Indian River settlements relatively toxic Indian River settlements to darker amount you know settlements in flux of nutrients and maybe a little offshore upwelling produced better
grappling phone is no volcanic ashes in these rocks right the flat slab produces a shutdown of magnetic activity during the initial phases of flat slabs abduction.
And that's precisely what we see it in the mount Marina there aren't any volcanic conditions.
But as the flat slide to get a metal when it comes in underneath our drone reignites magnetic Sarah, to give the Quimby and all variants we driving that terrain uplifting and driving that terrain back against the regimen.
When we closing the comic see Ray and
causing substitutes along the range and margin and placement to conduct electrons and Utica group.
So that's, that's what we think taking the Indian River ages seriously suggests that we had a relatively wide to connect see way, that was closed up by shortening of its crust.
In, as a result of interaction between the flat flaps abduction and the overlying more town terrain, finishing up the to conquer Rajini.
Thank you for your attention.
Okay, so
anyone have any questions.
I had one in the chat.
I was wondering if you knew whether Barry himself had collected the graph delights or Did someone else collect them and send them to him.
I don't know the answer to that, that's a good question he published papers from several places in the Appalachians that I think pretty clearly were sent in this particular case he has a pretty large set of collections he describes the rocks in detail
he talks about mapping the rocks and so I'm presuming he collected these himself.
He part of the trouble with this sort of collections is we don't really know from which part of the formation they occur. He talks about the gap lights occurring in 10 black shale lenses, but the rocks are so deformed there's no way of telling in any
individual spot outcrop you know whether you're at the top or the bottom or wherever you are right just somewhere in Indian River.
And so the puzzle that we're really faced by these collections is from which part of the Indian River Do they really come, and I don't know whether we can sort that out, other than by contrasting these ages as we've done here.
My assumption is that they're from high in Australia graphic interval that we're talking about their considerably younger than the ashes. That McDonald at all dated.
But we don't really have any way to tell that I'm open to get a look at the collections themselves to tell whether or not they're correctly identified, but because of coven we haven't able to get out to California where the collections are located.
I'm going to go back out in the field the summer, try to do some more collecting see if we can get anything out of these rocks, but in our initial look we couldn't find any of these black shale lenses and aquarium and couldn't remember after ever having
seen any, so I'm a little puzzled about that.
Okay, so thanks again Chuck, and we need to move on to the next talk. If you have more questions I'm sure Chuck will be happy to answer them either just directly in the chat or later on during the day so our next talk is happening, and oxygen isotopic
composition of zircons from to a type granites about Osceola and the Conway grants White Mountain baffling New Hampshire. And this is presented by Javier Matos Mike Dre, Eric Christiansen and Stephen Nelson.
Right, Thank you
kind of share screen.
Okay, so thanks for for these, um, as you can read in the title, we're going to talk about granites, a type granite.
And let's start mentioning on talking about grants.
We know the Grammys have been classified according to their tectonic setting composition and the neurological characteristics.
And they've been divided in a I am an S types.
I'm a type granted is a term introduced by these two authors,
where they present these characteristics.
They run organic alkaline and hydrates.
They have high concentrations of river elements. They have high, a sodium, potassium silica Iran, and for him.
But on the other hand they have low contents of father medium magnesium and culture.
And in 1992 Eb divided, a tape with only two to the first group, a one is characterized for represent the differentiation of mantle derived Magnus, and the characteristic of a one that they have high now your return ratios.
We also have that a to our plus conditional granites.
The characteristic of a two is that they have lower now up to ratio than a one.
Now, There have been several.
So let's first define the in a tub Magnus is still a subject of continuous research.
The picture Genesis, can be divided in three major concepts.
The first concept that we can mention is that they come from extensive fractional crystallization from mantle the right Magnus, a second concept is that they are coming from partial melting of dry, lower crust.
And the third one, for said that they are the result of mixing the two crystal melt. And then to the right mangles. Now, understanding the pathogenesis can be a little bit complicated of a type of mine that I'm, I'm gonna want to refer previous broke
publication of the era that we working from fallen, and Alan, where they worked in some grants related to the grants that were studying. They conducted a neodymium and strontium isotopes.
And as you can see on the ride. We have these diagram of a epsilon near demon instruction, and the grants that they studied the gut values that are related to see a nice, or did they have certain mental competition.
And they evolve, increasing their content and instruction and showing certain crystal contamination.
So the characteristic of these brands, is that they have mental composition but they a simulated crossed. That's why they have the increasing content in structure.
So that creates a little bit of a questions that that we can have at the moment of study, a type granites, some of these questions can be a was the origin of the magnet that form the Conway, and the monitor like granite.
And what is the role of crystal contamination, Nate type granites now talking about the geologic setting of the era that we're starting. First we can say that the closure of a validation Gondwana form the polio.
The supercontinent Pangea 300 million years ago.
200 million years ago, Pangea started to drift apart and, as a consequence, as a result, a massive amount of the software update, and formed the central Atlantic magnetic province.
Then the energetic mathematic event brothers, news, England Siemens in the Atlantic and the one month in photonic will connect to.
So much to understand this, we have on the left, the formation of Pangea.
And on the right we have a once Pangea start to break up the formation of the central Atlantic Atlantic province where thing going on we have this this map.
And when we see all the intuitions that are in the Atlantic, and in the continent we have so many intuitions like the wind mountain fully. Now, was the White Mountain plutonium volcanic should consist of pollutants ring complexes and mechanics.
And part of the one month in Buffalo it. Sorry. The one month in Buffalo, it is a member of the wind.
Now,
we have a map where we see the location of the one month in a badly. It's located in New Hampshire.
He has about 50 to 60 kilometres long, so it's a beautiful battle it located and this is part.
We have a geologic map showing the one month in Buffalo will be intrusions that he has all the grants are no they both have the this way mountain badly.
And as you can see, the two grand is that we're starting our decoder granite and the Manohla.
Here is the Manohla no orange, and the coma granny in red. And as you can see both Greg and I are all over the Buffalo.
They are about 80% of the pathways. That's why we decided to study them because they're the most representative of this battle it. So understanding them will give us a general picture of what's going on with the battle it.
Now, some rocks to see or know more about these grants on the left we have the Mozilla has a green coloration.
And the right we have the Conway Granick, which is has like a pink, pink pill coloration.
Now, some oddities that we helped produce researches. First we want to compare the neurological whole Roger chemical characteristics of both grand X amount of Superman comic right, find their differences find their similarities and understand the true
Genesis.
We are also going to use having a man oxygen isotopes, to provide an evidence of the origin of the magnets and whether they were formed from a melting of residual lower cross, or from mantle direct magnets.
Now some methods that we're using for a obtain this electronica probe analysis in via tight and on people, XRS to obtain Paul wrong major on trace elements and isotope analysis to obtain a epsilon hardening and delta oxygen it.
As you can see here on the right we have two images, graphic images from the coma Grammy, and the nano silver, Or we can see the chickens are big and beautiful ready to be used for analysis of having an oxygen, some of the resources that we obtained.
Our first, we're going to talk about little micro probe analysis in biotech we obtained it that for both grantees the mono Zealand ran the plot in the field of eight type granites modified from Christian Center.
And as we mentioned the characteristic of a time manager they have high confidence or fire on and low continue to follow me. And as you can see both granted have that those characteristics model so that has really high content of Byron, a about 97% of
The model show that has really high content on fire on a about 97% of firearm while become a grenade has about, 85%, little bit lower, but still a lot of these rights.
Then we also have a electro microbrew analysis enough people. We only conducted in the mono Zola because we didn't find that people can we running.
of magnesium, a high conscious of silica. And here's what the monitor your blood with low context of magnesium.
We added data from Delray at all from the Sierra Nevada basil it.
These ones are I type A granites. And as you can see the difference between, I am a type grants where I type a paper on his blog with low values of magnesium, then moving on, for rogue major and trace elements and characteristic of a tag management is
that in detecting discrimination diagrams of period Sarah.
The plot in the field of within play granites. And as you can see in all four diagrams and mono so Nicola Granny, plug in the within playground it.
We also have the very elements is spider diagram where we see a negative slope given by the high contents of various elements, both granted.
We can see that the mono co lies show more differentiation, than they can make right in the diagram.
We also plotted or granted in diagrams of EV that he proposed to differentiate between a one and a two.
And as you can see both the monitors you on the camera right for a plot in the field of a one, meaning that they mantle the right line that's another characteristic of a time management is that they have similarities with ocean Allen basalt.
So they applaud in these fields, showing that they are a type, but we see a little bit of a tendency from the models, you'll have to get out of these fields.
Maybe showman certain contamination. Certain cross contamination, which is corroborated here in these diagrams that there
was to the to them they a conduit running, maybe suggesting certain person contamination seen since a two are the planet continental crust.
Now, let's talk about the isotopes of oxygen, have you.
And this is the diagram that we obtain through this analysis, we added some other elements to understand more about the mono solar Nikola running.
But first let's mentioned that mZ can come from the mantle of values of about 5.3, oxygen, so they put in this field of mental Zircon.
We added a previous work from food at all. Today work in a terrains around New England.
They conduct an analysis of popular and oxygen.
We also added data from the sediments of Latrobe at all, where they conducted analysis of oxygen, and neodymium.
We used a terrestrial a rate to convert from neodymium to having and so we can plug in these diagrams, where they plot emit the sentiments of a laptop.
And finally, we also added a data from Puerto Rico, but they only conducted oxygen.
And as we can see, they obtain at least histograms, for a bit longer they obtain a value from seats to about nine from India, the most brothers had written eight to 10.
Here's what they pulled up along with the lowest oxygen and then deal with the highest. This is supported by food at all. Without Bologna applause with the lowest values of oxygen. Now, talking about the moment you're on the comic running, we see that
they play with balance of oxygen between seven and nine.
We have seen that is you can come from the mantle, to put in this area, and the whole road in major and trace elements show these granites were classified as a word like coming from the mantle.
However, we see that the nano silica Nikola Granny, do not show those characteristics. We were expecting that they will be.
We will have values near the mantle circle, or maybe showing a little bit up show in certain a crucial contamination.
Um, however they they show that they are very contaminated that we don't see anything from the mantle.
However, in terms of having rather than our overall zero show a certain characteristics from the mantle and values that are below zero are showing certain cross contamination, or exemptions have characteristics from the mantle and a few of them, plug
in children certain cross contamination. So, we conducted analysis in sequence from core in course on dreams to understand the evolution that was going on in desert guns.
And we see that the plot in the overlapping area of Scandinavia and novel Vanya maybe suggesting that they were contaminated by these two terrains. So as we conducted analysis of problem and solving a course on rooms.
We try to see if there was a certain evolution from court dreams.
We obtain a Tuesday around when we see where we see the course and brings for both brands.
And we don't see any orientation as a growing as it comes in isotopes, we don't see our preferred orientation that they have.
And they are playing far from the mantels you come in, meaning that if they truly a one at the moment of crystallization, the magma of the forums form these grants were already contaminated by the crust.
Um, what temperatures.
Zero consideration temperature will tell tell us the temperatures of formation of these two circles. And as we can see, there between 100 degrees to 175 degrees Celsius, which are very high temperatures are characteristic of a timeless.
So, if they a one means that we don't have find characteristics of the mental, physical, but that tells us that the magma of the form designers were already contaminated by the cross.
As temperatures higher than 175.
Now, going back to our diagram where we see the model showed on the conduit running in. There's certain information that we're missing a desert comes that is considered a grabber the moment of crystallization, maybe suggest enough that they're coming
from the mantle.
So, this lead us to some conclusions. First, electronic approve analysis for both and monitors on the conduit granting suggests that these ones are a type granted, they have characteristics of a types, high contents of fire and high contents of silica
low contents Apollo media, and also whole rogue major on trace element plot these grants are within playground is a characteristics of a type. Granted, and they are classified as a one, according to EV.
And then through Zuko have human oxygen isotope, we see that even though the minority on the call, we've done a blog or a classic are classified as a one.
This is not supported by zero carbon, oxygen isotopes.
We observed that the zoo comes crystallize it from magma that were already contaminated.
and they suggested as the, the potential contaminants of the models on the right, or the jury so can do alone you.
Thank you.
Thank you, Javier.
We don't have time for questions right now but if you are interested to learn more and ask a question, you're more than welcome to use the chat.
At this time, but we're going to go ahead and move on to our next talk on the schedule, which is strata graphic and structural classification of prehistoric quarries within the great Valley province of the Appalachian fold thrust belt in the New York
recess, presented by Philip porta and Margaret Brewer Laporta.
Is this okay.
Yes.
Can you see the screen.
All right. Thank you.
The wall kill river valley of the great Valley fizzy graphic province is a northeast flowing drainage which has its beginnings and Granville rocks and near Sparta New Jersey and make sense to bounce sure with the Hudson River near New Paltz through the
Martinsburg slates.
slates. The wall kill River Valley is the centerpiece of a dissertation research, which began with the
construction of a strata graphics section for for the Cambrian and Ordovician for the great Valley sequence with special I towards the diet Genesis and occurrence of nodule are embedded shirts.
Oh, real quickly, can you switch to the, the screen display so that you're actually showing the presentation. So, No. Okay.
They're not seeing the presentation. Well we're seeing the, the slides but if you click on the from current slide button there on the top left.
That way, then we can all see the full screen basically
that better.
Yes, I'm sorry.
Well this is the research area which has since expanded to the south and west, and to the north and east and to Orange County, New York, and the original thesis was to construct the first complete detailed strata graphics section for the Cambrian and
Ordovician strata the chart bearing carbonates for the great Valley sequence in northwestern New Jersey.
During that time period of the dissertation run nearly 10,000 feet of strata graphics section was constructed on a one to 98 scale
and led to the development of a compiled 3100 foot plus strata graphic composite section which is representative of the great Valley sequence in the hamburger quadrangle and contiguous quad sheets.
During that time of the along strike and across strikes photography's were were collected using a church photography and the church to ticker fi was developed by myself, and a thesis, and then handed to john Rogers in New Haven, who approved of it, and
then gave me a reference to the 1897 Hosea bridge church to Tigger fees employed for the knots group salary deposits. So I realized the church particular fees are only about 100 years old.
Either way, all the compass measurements are made on shirts that was part of the arrangement, although of course other structural data and strata graphic information was collected, where the Brunton measurements are our own chart beds.
These particular fee was somewhat refined the generalized line port and Allentown formation was broken up into distinct members, and the Stonehenge formation was separated away from the Allentown and upper Allentown formations.
I did proceed to Professor landings office.
Through Chuck for strat and for confirmation of this. And so we have a basal conglomerate at the base of the Stonehenge, and a myriad of very unique dramatic light fauna.
That characterized both members of Stonehenge also at the same time we took a close look at the Hamburg member of the leads fill or lights fill formation, and it was thought that it is in part possibly a Rome equivalent.
However, this is a somewhat refined photography generalized for the study of the charts are characterized in a column all other sentimental logical features are characterized in columns.
This is the leads fill the line port.
upper Allentown and the Stonehenge.
Rick and Bach formation of what's left of it. And the generalized a blur, which would be the base of the White Rock and Antone formations, the harmony veil member which would actually align itself with the base of the shading by the presence of certain
planets spiral gastropods.
The balanced cross sections were constructed using the church as well. And three of the five of the balance cross sections are here showing the normal faulted section, and the thrust section, and in the in the quadrangle however portions of contiguous
quadrangles were also mapped at the same time, and the study was forwarded up into Orange County, New York.
We have three very general normal faulted thrust ramp section and duplex or back thrust section with sin Cline's, open, open sin Klein parents pairs. These are the three general divisions we use for archaeological studies in describing the whereabouts
of native quarries and minds
of the leads fill formation is in itself. An Encyclopedia of charts. Enter Olympic gypsum graded presides and uncoiled remains, and hydrate cauliflower and hydrates all beautifully preserved and shirts.
Even the and hydrate fabric in the center of this particular stromatolites where the, the shirts, a car is in the crest of the wall kill member of the lead still formation and lines the base of the middle Cambrian section or the appearance of a line port
and a transgressive period associated.
The thrust ramp section includes upper Allentown, and formations and portions of the line port and the certification is largely selective, although there are some wholesale replacements and title read minds and selective replacements in various types
of stromatolites nouns. Some of the stromatolites mounds are provocative This is the week's worth road section in the hamburger quadrangle. This is one of five tremendous stromatolites nouns, which we discovered in the mid 80s, and brought Dr.
Thanks, Robert. Thanks to verify and look at the stromatolites and study them through the 80s into the 90s,
the duplex or backdrops section includes Stonehenge and the Rick and Bob formation. These sections, being more strongly tilted in places, make difficult to access.
However, we'll see that shortly. This is an example of the of some of the Stonehenge stromatolites some of the Stonehenge fauna, that we saw it and and for the study this unique fauna is given rise to over a church and courts pebble conglomerate.
And the duplex back through us section, including the employer and onto Lonnie formations. This is the base of the White Rock, and the big springs member of the formation is largely a sill create plane or restricted marine basin or marine base and open
periodically or episodically to open agitated waters. However, the face she's microfiche she's and shirts are have been determined to be those of silk rates.
There are also a variety of other other features in the big springs which make them of interest to archaeologists choir is developed in the normal faulted flat section include a handful of what we refer to as mines for in terms of the Native American
experience of these are short adults that follow chirp bearing horizons, to a point where they pinch out or face she's inches into dolomite, the surfaces of many of the beds in the nearly horizontal in the normal faulted section.
Our customers are cast elated over time, which indexes the limitations of a CT site mining technology.
However, the satellite mounds and their associated quarries crop out throughout the edge of the valley here's the black dirt section of Pine Island, New York.
And if you're standing at this particular position looking north.
You can see roughly a dozen prehistoric shirt quarries and wood lots, which represents in many respects the ecology or the ecological distribution or spatial distribution of stromatolites at that particular time period.
It's like, it is like looking at an unfolded carpet.
Within the thrust ramp section of the beautiful block Buddha nosh developed in the Antoni formation serves as an or target for the Native American Enterprise, and the Buddha and beds block Buddha's are cleaned off of their carbonate rock and separated
above and below into a trench. And then broken out using leavers wedges fashion from quarry instruments and tools derived from glacial erratic of the Shawn go meta conglomerate.
The presence of the meta conglomerate and the base of the solar and north of the wall kill River Valley is an extremely important reason as to why the mind district developed at all, is that the quarry tools and instruments for mine machinery.
supplied by the glacial effects in the valley.
This is a trench quarry. And the contact between the branch Phil member of the formation and the lower cricket swamp face she's of the Rick and Bob formation.
This is the dilation Bratcher. That is quite as a trench all the large erotics are brought here as artifacts. These are non portable anvils and impact objects used to break and lever, or wedge the shirt beds, out of position.
In this particular circumstance strata graphically and structurally.
Sometimes the evidence of the culprits are actually visible between the joint planes or bedding planes, and in this case where the Buddha and blocks have been addressed or cleaned out and scallop down, you'll notice the cusp eight surfaces, repeating
themselves. Again the limit of the court site technology, and that part of the valley.
Sometimes the will occasionally, the evidence for the quarry activity is frozen. And then the hope member of the Rick and Bach formation along the western edge of the Hamburg she impact objects of meta courtside are found leverage open or what we call
fence during some of the beds in nearly vertical stratigraphy, the orb blocks can occasionally be refitted to the shirt bed surfaces. So pristine or the quarries never attacked by the archaeological community, or even advocate nationals seen as hindrance
to development, the quarries are essentially pristine.
Unfortunately until they're discovered and then, then they're leveled or eradicated from the landscape.
So finding the instruments in place is one of the unique characteristics of the wall kill River Valley, these are general models for extraction milling processing or beneficiation of or and or refinement.
This is the result of decades of excavations and first tectonics cycle choirs and comparative studies with lower Devonian church quarries Mississippian and even Pennsylvania and age quarries in Tennessee, Kentucky, and Ohio, and from these zones we've
been able to associate the court site instrument range, which is more than 30 diagnostic courtside stone tool objects that are found here, and this is characteristic of only first tectonics cycle quarry's where the oars most complicated, where the greatest
number of generations affiliation and fabric.
The toolkit becomes an instrument kit, and the instruments are designs for means in the logical chain of operation of mythic refinement events, right down to the production of ceremonial objects which are given back into the quarry.
At the end of the quarry experience.
These I believe you're very familiar with.
These are caches that occur in close proximity to the, to the quarries, usually on Nick points of the drainage is or at the foot of Westlands of the Cambrian age radio layer right of the Gilpin falls member of the James run volcanic series Catoctin metadata
day sites Cheshire medical CT sites. A hardest and court site or chickpeas and to them in that rate southeastern Pennsylvania, the edge of the perhaps con valley of New Jersey and bush kill member of the, of the Martinsburg formation also serves as the
quarry source as a testimony to the strength of our lithium tech, or archives of raw materials for archaeological needs. We're using this particular example, this is a middling core.
It's adopted from mining terminologies, it's a large or block that never leaves the face of the mine.
Instead it's graded for suitable pieces and rolled about in the backfill and tailings until it becomes nearly oval and shape and faceted. It's a strong satellite from the wall kill member of the lights veil formation.
These are utilized flakes brought to our lab at Cenac.
The Center for the investigation of native and ancient quarry's both flakes are utilized.
They occur.
They were found four and seven kilometers from the quarry face.
Both of the flakes utilized refit to this particular query core. It's there are actually more flakes in the assemblage from other sites that fit onto the face of the quarry core.
It's the first and only time that's ever been achieved in North America, including Canada or Mexico. It's the longest and most complex refit in existence.
We did it again with the lights will formation once again taking a highly weathered midsection and distal face of a stemmed arcade projectile point from an open air site and then over the Mesozoic in the Piedmont and refitted it to the midsection and
base of the object which was found in a rock shelter at the crest of the Ramapo mountains, and both up pieces refitted as a late archaic diagnostic stone tool provenance to a small quarry in Monroe New York approximately 40 kilometers from the site find
what we see in general, from the valley is that the largest quarries. The big expressions motions and movements occur in the leads fill formation and the very base of the line port in settings that could be interpreted as sob collect terrains, and they
repeat themselves again in the Antone formation, as expansive movements and motions in again supertitles sob ko like sedimentary environments, only twice, between that time.
Do large scale mines appear in the wall kill River Valley industry.
Therefore the shallow is depths, and those that achieve the steepest to vertical and almost overturned. And they, that's not, it's not in this particular table, serve as the likely position strategically for the development of large scale minds.
And so, The regressive secret sequences of the sequences that seem to produce the most varied shirts, the widest varieties, and even the most closely spaced beds of church, and in some cases when the order value is lean, two or three closely spaced church
beds comprise a valuable, or, or economically suitable or
1200 quarries or more have been discovered in the great Valley sequence in the dissertation area and beyond. This does not include CT scores in the comic or medium or division radial era quarry's to the north, or the Pennsylvania Jasper districts.
This is distribution of quarries in the core of the great Valley, Hamburg quadrangle Franklin mine, new Tunis branch Ville way way on the into Pine Island.
In this section of the recess, we have defined a metal a gigantic province of sorts a, a prehistoric mind district within liars outliers trends and slices.
Thank you.
Excellent.
Thank you.
Thank you very much, Phil.
We're going to need to move on to the start of the posters here to get control back on.
So our first poster is evidence of how ultra high pressure metamorphosis in zero con from the top mount metamorphic complex of Eastern Greece, presented by Holly Harris, Liam Holgate, Emily Peterman Mike Williams and Marty Grove.
Welcome everybody. My name is Liam Holgate, and along with Holly Harris and Professor Emily Peterman from Bowden college, as well as Michael Williams from UMass Amherst and Marty growth from Stanford, Stanford University.
We have investigated zero con and how it preserves ultra high pressure anymore.
So well evidence of ultra high pressure metamorphic ism is documented by the presence of CO as I dive into Garnet over printing during explanation processes can obscure the metamorphic records so in our study we focused our attention on sir con grains
within the road of metamorphic complex in eastern Greece, studying their complex rims, to determine whether or con preserves evidence of ultra high pressure metamorphoses them.
For the purpose of this study we focused our attention on Garnet Paya night shifts from three localities, and more specifically focused on two localities that can be in Santhi regions, and then use this data to interpret what we see at the third study
locality the CD Row, row, all of which are shown on figure ones map. So first, using capital luminescent imaging we identified three distinct domains within jerk on grains and then using these identification factors we constructed classifications team
consisting of the magnetic core, which is shown in gray throughout our figures on this poster, as well as a transition zone, shown in red, and metamorphic ram domain shown in blue.
In addition to using CL imaging we also use laser ablation split stream data or last data and shrimp RG data to gather geo chronological and geochemical data about the Zurich on game grains and question.
The results of laser ablation true and true data are shown in figure. Five with each spot. Rep. Each Kimmy and Xanthan respectively represented in their own rare earth element spectrum, charts, and we related our findings to Roberto from 2017, who showed,
who researched metamorphosis and zircons and showed Garnet stable tendencies for their con rims, as they formed metamorphic Lee.
So more specifically to we then focused our attention on with our rare earth element data will be collected on the YVGD ratio of each distinct domain and what we found is that while the core region exhibits a fairly consistent high YBGD ratio and the
ram region exhibits that consistent low ratio, the transition region is highly variable and exhibit said the highest YEGD ratio.
The highest YEGD ratio. Yeah. So, one of the main things that we looked at for viewing the transition zone as different and distinctly different from cores and the names, is the lack of a you anomaly, an EU negatives Europium anomaly negative.
You negative anomaly in both, both both transition zones have this and now the EU negative in zero con is typically associated with Garnet, so we've interpreted this to mean that there's a possibility these transition zones are formed from Garnet in Zurich
in Zurich on reacting at ultra high pressure metamorphic depths because we know the Garnet stable rims related to melting from higher depths upon estimation of a block of rock will yield more of the rim type rare film and concentrations shown in the blue
regions.
So, while many questions still persist.
Regarding ultra high pressure metamorphosis. Our work has further eliminated the complex dynamics of this abduction and explanation processes. So the next steps of this project will include the investigations of the processes that occurred to produce
this transition zone that we've identified as markedly different from the core and rim domains, and then to see if this transition zone exists in Zurich on grains within other ultra high pressure drains.
Thank you so much. Thank you.
Okay, any questions I know I saw at least one of the authors was here.
Both of them are
any questions for Liam or Holly.
Hey Holly Liam This is Greg.
What I don't see in your poster and you didn't mention the ages, what did you get for differences in the ages between the cores and the rims.
Yeah, this is this is something that we saw across and to be honest we did this in the fall, so I don't remember off the top of my head what the variability of the ages or, but our cores were very very variable so we had going back to almost 2 billion
years and then coming up, much more recently to like 500 million years or so, and then, Holly I don't know if you remember specifically but I believe from the Kimmy spot we had the ages of the rooms around 145 million years ago 250 million years ago.
And then we'd have to check again on the what the trend of the rim ages were there as well.
Thanks. Yeah, it was about 145 to 150 for, for most of the Rams and then there was some variability within transition zones and it was hard because we'd be we're taking really microscopic data points that sometimes overlapped with the rim or sometimes
it overlap with the core and that would skew the age to be much older. For example, so
we have time for one more question.
Okay. If not, I'll move on to the next poster here. One second.
So our next poster is Garnet nuclear overstepping, a potential mechanism for fluid production within the seismic a seismic transition and seduction zones, and it's presented by Geneva yo Adrian Castro, Matt cone and Frank spear.
Hi everyone, I'm Geneva and today I'll be talking about Garnet negotiation overstepping as a potential mechanism for food production within the seismic a seismic transition and subduction zones in a subduction zone dehydration reactions release water
into the mental that can be to blow defamation and seismic events, the seismic events usually a correct shallow depth of less than 40 kilometers above what is known as the seismic a seismic transition, which is the area of the mentor Dr defamation starts
to occur.
The seismic a seismic transition or set occurs at 12 to 18 kilowatts of pressure, which can range from 37 to 55 kilometers of depth, assuming 3.1 kilometers per kilo bar has the set a depth of 100 kilometers or greater, the breakdown of sir but a nice
mantle leads to partial melt. This process is illustrated by the top panel of figure one from content at all 2016.
Recently a physical research harbor has observed seismic events occur in depth within or below the set. If we look at the middle panel from figure one, notice that on the tomography cross section of a part of the Northern Chilean subduction zone.
The bps ratio is high at this intermediate region adept the 40 to 80 kilometers, which is where we would normally expect more information to occur.
The high company vs ratio at this depth implies the existence of an enigmatic in situ process, potentially, the role of thermodynamic disequilibrium. So, in our study, we use current negotiation, as a proxy for water production and subduction zone and
examine how overstepping the garden can affect PT conditions of food production during subduction traditional equilibrium thermodynamic modeling assumes the minimal barriers to nuclear fission, which means that minerals are expected to nuclear IP is the
grad, we use the maximum driving force method for the spirit patents in 2017 to overstep the guard at ISO grad, the maximum driving force method assumes that minerals need to overcome significant kinetic barriers to negotiation, temperature and or pressure
overstepping up the ISO grad, the energy required to overstep these barriers is known as the reaction affinity for our study, we assumed a 700 joules per mole auction reaction affinity for garden new creation.
We use the latest version of the gifts program and employed maximum driving force for moving to constrain content new creation along an average PT path pd 15 from Tennyson Berlin at all 2015 on a political sentiment bull composition for to thermodynamic
data sets spec 14 and HP 11, the PT pads used are based on laptop geo terms, we created mineral establish diagrams, also known as pseudo sections of our two datasets, assuming the maximum driving force model, the garden.
Instagram is represented as the solid purple line with 300 and $700 per block chain reaction affinity is labeled and displayed by the dashed lines.
The orange arrow represents your average pd 15 PT path, and the red arrow represents a hot PT path, both from Penny Sunderland, the shaded gray box represents a range of sizes of a seismic transition zone pressures compiled from global samples.
The stars are where the PT path intersect the reaction infinity, showing where we expect it to nuclear assuming these affinities along the Piney 15 path for the HP 11 data set.
Notice that granted only nucleus within the site at a 700 joules per mil oxygen reaction infinity, whereas for the spectators that Garnet nucleus within this that even at equilibrium conditions.
This implies that HP 11 require significantly more overstepping for granite new creation related fluid production with the MTF model.
This leads us to our fluid evolution graphs, these graphs show food production along the PD 15 PT path with the equilibrium model and blue and the MDF model and block the set is shown again with the gray box.
This back results for the MTF model show that food production is punctuated by 0.36 gram increase at Garnett nucleus nation conditions at 14.5 kilowatt hours of pressure or 45 kilometers of depth, assuming a 3.1 kilometers per kilowatt hour.
The food production for the MDF model with the HP 11 data set is negligible.
Three or four or the mineral evolution figures is included for you to see which minerals are involved in Garnet forming dehydration reactions.
Overall, our results show that any conclusions drawn about the potential effects of MDF Garnett new creation on subduction zone digitalization are entirely dependent on the thermodynamic data set used as illustrated by our mats and food evolution figures
modeling with spec suggests that current new creation can occur within the set, even without overstepping, and that a significant amount of fluid can be produced at a relatively constrained depth, which has implications for us laptop reality.
Modeling with hp 11 suggest that significant overstepping would have to occur for gun it to nuclear within the set.
Future which includes running models with the manganese absent HP lab and data set, finishing Garnett fraction needed for modeling for HBO oven and modeling along different representative PT pads for both this clinic sentiment, as well as for a hydrogen
mid ocean rich basalt competition.
Okay, so thank you for the to the authors.
Any questions. So there was a question asking.
Could you elaborate about why you chose to assume a 700 jewel promote reaction affinity for Garnet nuclear.
Yeah, sure. So, there's no like general consensus in the literature about how much affinity it takes for going into nuclear. And so, in spirit patents in 2017, I think they use a $300 from oxygen, a reaction affinity.
Reaction infinity, and so for hours on the bad that shows lines for both 300 700 and then future work is to include a 1000 reaction infinity, and we just chose 700 as sort of an intermediate reaction affinity.
Um, yeah I want to add to that it's it's intermediate between what they chose and also what we found in our work, and the Greeks of glades, which showed for some samples reaction affinities of over killer drool.
Okay. There's another question in the chat have. Do you have a preferred thermodynamic data set that you would use.
Um, I don't think so I mean like, I think, based on our results.
We like the like the results we see like different differing like less likely to production.
Depending on the, on the data set used I think one of them might be like better just for our like assumptions and what we want to see but as of now there's not one that we prefer.
I would add to that and say that we did some preliminary modeling and the. If you are interested in really nailing down the conditions of garment new collision.
Using the full eminence EKF mash plus or minus titanium whatever in HP 11 gives you a really low PT IC grad because that special team in reaction is really low.
So if you're interested in overstepping kind of things.
You know there is something weird going on with the special team react and member reaction, and it's relevant.
Any other questions still have time for a couple more questions.
I want to point out that you need is an undergrad, and she said all this in her senior year at Wellesley you know during our crazy pandemic times. So, great job.
Absolutely.
Okay well wait one or two more minutes before I load up the next poster here. And like I said, if there are still more questions you can feel free to ask them at this time.
Okay, well go ahead and start with the next talk here.
This is on Petra graphic analysis of the West rock so implications for in placement history and cell thickness by Jessica Palooza Allison Charney and Randy Stein and
Patrick graphic analysis of West rock so implications for in placement history and self thickness by Jessica Peluso Allison Charney and Randolph Steinman represented by the Geological Sciences Department at cc Su and deep in Hartford, Connecticut.
Introduction West rock cell is a database intrusion along the western edge of the Mesozoic Hartford basin.
It includes New Haven our coast and is thought to be contemporaneous with the target basalt, it's assumed the magma and treated horizontally leader fault movements tilted at approximately 25 degrees east, west rock strike is nearly north south.
Although no empirical studies have actually been conducted several researchers have suggested that the thickness of West rock bridge is the currently exposed release relief of the cell.
215 to 350 feet.
To test this assumption we measure diabetes screen sizes of plateau place incline Oh pyrrhic seen along the exposed strike of the cell, as well as at different strata graphic levels, our premises is that when they sell in truth cold country rock, it's
expected to cool from both contacts towards the center, meaning from the top downwards and from the bottom upwards.
According to base a cooling laws. This means that a so we'll have the final screen sizes along the cooling margins, and the courses screen sizes in the center.
This may also include crystal segregation sheets.
Therefore, if nearly most of Western rock is intact, the top surface will be composed of finest screen sizes grain size will then increase to a maximum, medium or course at some depth below the surface somewhere, 125 to 175 feet down grain size will then
decrease back to find very fine sizes as depth increases to the Bazell contact.
We analyze samples collected along the western face at different elevations, each representing a different height within the intrusion.
Additionally we described 11 course from the Connecticut do t repository facility drilled at the present day upper surface. These have a penetrate of depth of 42 over 350 feet.
Results samples from outcrops exposed at the top of the soul consists of medium to course screen sizes and at least one segregation sheet here, coarse grained Kleiner piercing applied to places range from 1.5 to two millimeters.
Pearson reaches eight millimeters in length, measurements of minerals and drill core b1 oA are consistent with outcrop exposures. Maximum green size which is 2.5.
millimeters is reached 75 feet below the surface.
Additionally minerals in the segregation sheet are up to 10 millimeters long samples from outcrops expose on the western face below the top of the soil consist of medium green sizes point five to 1.5 millimeters measurements of minerals and drill Corby
you want to wait systematically decrease with depth, after 75 feet below surface level grain sizes become fine, very fine, and then nearly glassy at the end of the drills core 352.6 feet below the surface.
However, the base of the intrusion was not penetrated.
In conclusion, we believe that the souls presentation surfaces not the original intrusive India's contact, and that today's surface, originally crystallized closer to the middle of the cell in support of this we find there are no fine grained sizes anywhere
near the surface that would constitute an upper cooling contact. Where's the lower contact is at least 50 feet thick.
The core screen sizes in the near surface from the core logs and high elevation outcrops do not reflect a quickly cooled upper contact. We believe erosion has removed a significant amount of material, hundreds of feet.
We used it measurements ranging from 15 to 40 degrees. We took approximately 50 striking measurements, along the intrusion to constrain the original thickness of the cell.
We calculate the original thickness of the cell could have ranged from 775 feet to 1100 feet thick.
We would like to thank Luke are now in the Connecticut do t core repository facility in Colchester for Connecticut, for their help with the samples.
Thank you very much.
Do we have any questions.
I believe just Pluto is here, so you can feel free to ask her questions.
Hi, This is Mike direct, I have a quick question.
You mentioned that the so might be creative with the towel cop assault.
Are there any analyses of the cell that would allow us to correlate the two.
Yes, there are we, Um, we actually had them in a poster. Two years ago, all the chemical analyses. Okay.
Thanks.
Leon, go ahead.
Hi, nice work just thank you and I've really enjoyed the other previous posters as well. I'm just I was wondering when you count estimated the truth thickness from the dip were exactly how you did that.
how did you estimate the amount of eroded material.
Um, so we did do a series of cross section drawings and we it really was more of an estimation, our initial the initial thicknesses were also estimates that 215 to about 350, so that there really is a large error margin in this but we drew cross sections,
and we simply just because there is no exposed cold margin on the top we said okay, must be at least this thick on top of the stigmas it already is.
think that is probably not as precise as you wanted but it's Hey work.
I use that trigonometry, all the time to estimate things like that it's a really good ballpark method. Thank you. Thank you.
Questions one is how sure are you that the cereal was intruded as one single pulse of magma, and then sat there.
Number two, do you have differences in the grain sizes of female liquid sites I guess we're pleasure closing period scene, and where they always in the same ratio everywhere you found them and equal in size.
Two questions. So our relative fino Krista abundance. There definitely are more on that top the top margin, which is what we're calling the middle of the sale.
So there are definitely more, you know Chris there as opposed to the bottom of the sale, your first question I'm going to deflect back to dr charming.
That's more of her, her expertise.
Um, it's that's a really interesting question because whenever we see target mag most or related time timeframe mag most, we usually do see two pulses, and there is a picture published from West rock.
Maybe 5060 years ago, that makes it appear that there was a separate intrusion on down in the south end. So you would think there would be two pulses of magnetism.
Interesting that they have a live 11 drill core samples that should have penetrated that margin. Um, but we didn't see any evidence for it.
So it's not to say that there isn't two pulses. It's possible there was we actually expected to hopefully see the difference between the first and second one, but there was no clear evidence for it.
and in the work we did
was appearing seen in the same size, and the same, and wherever you found them where they equal size.
Um, we started working on that last March.
As you can probably imagine that didn't go so well after March we didn't get as much time to, to put in as we had hoped because of the pandemic but I'm
looking back to the the measurements that we were taking
The place was pretty uniform, but the pure scene was more variable.
So in some, some of the areas, you'd have larger pyrrhic scenes than than others but the pleasure play seemed pretty uniform
to do any bit of competition studies, particularly through the cell. Check project place composition changes pure exceeds.
I missed the first part of your question Can you say that again. Are you are you planning or have you done any liberal compositional examinations micro work on any of the Beatles vertically through.
That would be great. I'd love, I'd love some money for funding.
interesting study though.
Thank you.
Alright, so I believe rocky has has left us for a moment and it's my turn to take over and move on to the next poster.
It is the geochemistry and Petra genesis of a ban Mesozoic dikes by Eric Eisner and Martin Ross.
Also dp dp is out there.
Also, okay.
I don't know how I missed that apologize.
Hello, Greg.
I'm trying to bring up the poster, I had two seconds ago.
I can screen share the video if needed as well.
Can you see it.
Yep. Okay.
geochemistry in Petra genesis of Cape in Massachusetts.
With with somebody else be able to share it real quick. Yep, I have it locally if you want me to screen share that.
Okay, let me thank you, I appreciate it. Sure.
me one second.
Everybody have that.
Yes we do. Go ahead.
Eric you're gonna have to share your computer sound.
Oh, you got it.
One second year.
You might have to on share screen and then when you click on it at the bottom there's a little box to check to them share the sound bad Patrick genesis of keep in Massachusetts Mesozoic dykes, do you have that investigate you got it on the North East
trending sampled from Cape in in the major and trace element geochemistry.
Rick dykes sampled from Cape and in the major and trace element geochemistry. The purpose of the study was to constrain the conditions of formation and in placement of the dikes. The magnetic activity in this area is represented by the coastal New England province, older White Mountain
province, older wait Mountain Province in the central Atlantic magnetic province, which contains the eastern North American province as well, the cape and platonic complex is 385 square kilometers and includes the four and Massachusetts towns of Gloucester,
Essex Manchester by the Sea in Rockport.
The principal rock of the area, keep in granite is an unfolding rated medium to course green rock that has an age of 425 million years.
The granites of the area are fresh, but have experienced some surface weathering. There is evidence of hydrothermal alteration in there is no evidence of regional metamorphic ism.
The complex isn't treated by several hundred dollar right right and physic dykes dollar rights are by far the most abundant type type, accounting for approximately 70 to 75% of the dykes.
This study focuses on those North East trending dykes.
The dates are a phonetic, or micro portrait of to find green poor Florida with you being classified as for for Eric Green sizes vary between dykes with most being categorized as fine to me ingrained in thin section micro Faena Chris phases are commonly
pleasure place, pure exceed, we're all being pure axion fino Chris may appear as pink to light purple due to the higher concentrations of titanium.
The alteration of the pure accidents is considered due to the alteration. This occurs during late magnetic stages, due to the increase of water.
The equitable present in the Mesozoic KPN dykes his horn blend.
Major and trace element data were obtained for 28 days, using energy disperse of X ray fluorescence wavelength disperse of X ray fluorescence and instrumental neutron activation analysis chemically the decks can be divided into two groups silica under
saturated in silica saturated to silica over saturated. During fractional crystallization the under saturated Magnus would ultimately crystallized definitely and while the saturated magma would crystallize courts trace element data demonstrates that all
have been impure axion fraction nation was important in that minor pledges place fraction nation or accumulation occurred.
being impure axion fraction nation was important in that minor pelagic place fraction nation or accumulation occurred thermodynamic modeling using model of Lee at all, shows that the cape and date melt formed over a wide range of temperatures pressures
and depths thermodynamic modeling using pay leg shows that the temperature is at the time of intrusion, we're on the order of 1200 degrees Celsius, and that all have been, and or pleasure place, where the liquid is phases.
The composition of the Mesozoic cape and dikes very significantly, on the basis of major and trace element chemistry.
They are established trends in nickel, cobalt in chromium elemental data that indicates similarities between the different types, controlee, there are distinct patterns and scandium, and titanium dioxide elemental data that differentiate the two types
of dikes.
Furthermore, the Mesozoic cape index are chemically different on the basis of thorium. A Terbium versus Nairobi and Terbium in the atrium Nairobi versus a Terbium tantalum from the other igneous activity of the same age in New England and eastern Canada.
This indicates that the Mesozoic keep index originated from their own unique magma source. This inference suggests that the Mesozoic keep in dikes may not belong to the CNE camp or OWM provinces.
In conclusion, on standard elemental discriminate diagrams the cape in dykes show characteristics of both oil in a more.
This supports the inference that the date chemistry is distinctly different from that of other Mesozoic dikes and intrusions in New England, in that the dikes which arrived from a distinct subcontinental with those fearing source, reverse modeling indicates
that the cape in Dec Magnus formed over a wide range of temperatures and pressures, which are typical but interpolate magnetism.
Thank you, Eric. Does anybody have any questions.
I missed the estimate of their age,
I believe, I might have to defer to dr Ross on that. I know the granites in the area around 425 million years old.
There's
200 226 feel like you're a child what what northeast threading dieted Gloucester, that's a little hard but he also.
pass a parking lot. He also. There's a.
That's about as far as actually states on the bestest like tech so it's it's the old, the Northeast tread the cross cutting relationships, a few ages, or updates to the south, I have a few, the Boston area is that our business like for the Northeast trend
so we feel pretty comfortable with. That is such an older adult all that Kathy.
Does this like just because they're treading Dorothy's.
The factors is like, east, west traffic ideal that probably probably cuts the Bedford.
Yeah. The problem with the dice is, as you know, Greg is a New England areas we just don't have good agents for most of them.
Wasn't stuff you could really date, the best I could tennis the top 4030 died whole rock dates.
just better than what we used to have.
Oh I thought possible they're there. They Paleozoic.
I don't think so unlikely.
The next round of the same composition. To solve the same trends. I think it's the same swore
are very similar. God said composition is basically as the cape at this is like ducks.
Let's cut it the democratic builder. Other prototype rocks themselves so i think i think it's a continuous on South saves or the question that I'm interested in what Greg thinks about the CLA
extension if it's not part of the CIA.
What do you think of the idea of the separate bag resources that they are being part of thing that is they're not isolated they have to be an event.
And the event,
or have other other features related to it that you could identify.
Not drifting or protons or something.
I mean, we started out in the presumption is going to be CNE dykes, but then once we put the whole chemical picture together they don't fit with the see any or anything else for that matter.
So they are distinct chemically now whether or not they're formed in a similar event with different sources.
You know it's a different, different question.
All right, thank you guys. I believe it's time to move on to our next poster.
So that is the geo chemical and Petra graphic characterization of the Piedmont granites and Lima pa by Susan Ma, Shane score, and Ryan Kerrigan.
Hello, my name is Susan Ma.
We are students from the University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown. We did our study on geochemical and Petra graphic characterization of Piedmont
France in Lima Pennsylvania. This is located approximately 20 miles outside of West Philadelphia
through studying random samples were able to develop a bed.
Anybody has a better interconnect connection than myself and would like to jump in, just let me know your understanding of the origin of in placement.
Now, to the best of our knowledge these have not created these have not been previously characterized.
There are varying theories as to how these rocks were,
which can be better depicted in figure one. We believe that these could have occurred.
We can share the video on our part before, during, or after the two car garage me.
And we believe that it has to do with our magnetism, and the slept elimination and break off which you can be.
Alright.
Thanks guys.
Need to share the computer audio.
to the best of our knowledge base have not created these have not been created.
Know work, because I was on mute. Yeah, it's working now. Yeah.
Just start from the beginning.
We are students from the University of Pittsburgh at Johnston. We did our study on geochemical and Petra graphic characterization of PR grants and Lima Pennsylvania.
This is located approximately 20 miles outside of West Philadelphia through studying renege samples were able to develop a better understanding of the origin of in placement.
Now, to the best of our knowledge these have not created these have not been previously characterized.
There are varying theories as to how these rocks were in place, which can be better depicted in figure one.
We believe that these could have occurred before, during, or after the two car garage money. And we believe that it has to do with our magnetism, and the slab elimination and break off which you can, which can be seen here.
Due to time constraints we don't have time to go through all of them. However, those are essentially what we believed. So samples that were collected were sent out to be turned into thin sections and also be tested for major and trace elements.
Here is a map of the approximate study location, as well as showing the orientation of the two bodies which are approximately two miles apart.
Over here there are the samples that we collected, as well as they approximate location of where we collected them samples 1315 and 11 are shown with their corresponding since section, the composition of the samples were courts felt sparkling to play
sports bar corn blend and other accessory minerals sample 11 showed a pragmatic texture as well as had micros samples 13 and 15 did not have Michaels however they did show accumulate texture.
CIPW normalization calculations were compared on in IUSIUGS diagram. In order to compare them relative to one another as well as to the Springfield granted direct samples were higher in alkali felt spar, and they also show to be determined to be a monster
granite, or courts Monza night
samples were put on three different calculators, in order to to ensure accuracy and their error showed within a 0.7%.
And now we're going to go to Shane for the rest of the poster.
So after recalculated the CIPWCIPW normalization, we then plotted our samples on trace element diagrams. And as you can see here and figure for a this is a rare earth element diagram that is normalized to contract and figure for be is a spider diagram
that is normalized to the throne of mantle.
And as you can see the solid green line is the average of frenetic llama romantic body samples and this excludes the pigment CITIC samples because that would be an outlier.
You can also see see the shaded green area, which is the standard one standard deviation away from the average Lonergan inequality samples, and the black line is represents the Springfield granted rights.
And as you look at these samples you can see a negative slope, which represents a enrich source through crystallization of the rocks and you can also see that there is a correlation between the liner Britannic body in the spring for granted diet right.
And as we go up to the top right of the poster, you can see that we put we plotted on we've lost our rocks on Petra genetics, it's just discrimination diagrams and basically these diagrams are plots of trace elements against each other to determine
origin origins of rocks, as you as you can see and five a.
Most of the llama frenetic body samples plot within the post collision grants along with the spring for granted die right. And you can see that there is also two samples that plot with in the volcanic island arc section, and those like I said or the paramedic
paramedic samples so they are the outliers, and then same thing with five B and five C's, most of the llama samples plot in the within plate grants.
And so we basically we believe that there is some sort of correlation between the Springfield and and the llama granted quality based on these diagrams.
So in conclusion, the dramatic body ranges and textures from Hewlett to pragmatic with compositions ranging from Monza granite to Monza night and cumulus and alkali rich magnetites.
Also the trace element diagram suggests a relationship with nearby Springfield granted dire right as I, as I said before, and finally the discrimination diagrams support a within plate or postcolonial origin, that is possibly related to the sin Hall and
others group number four, that occurred during post tectonics Lauren extension in the region.
And there is our references and acknowledgments and thank you for your time.
That was quick.
All right. Thank you Susan and Shane.
If anybody has any questions we do have a couple of minutes for questions, um, there is a cancellation. Later on in the program so we, if we go a couple minutes over it's not a big deal.
Yeah. Hey, Ryan I just own you guys Nice job, and.
So, there is an age for the Springfield this, it's just published in an abstract. And also, we dated, we intended to date the Avondale just up the tracks from that big Clark there and look at the liner graphic, and we ended up.
Apparently dating a sample of the granite must have been, you know, like a diet or something for the granite. And so that also came in it for 21 story and
I think that number I saw was like for 23 was, was the number I saw for the Springfield but that wasn't the Becker thesis from Virginia Tech. Right. Yeah.
Hi, if I could jump in with a quick question. Really nice work Thank you It's nice to see someone working on the line back because it is an interesting Carnatic body and more alkaline long long long like decades ago, when I was at Penn we did collect
some samples just as a class project, and looked at them and I was wondering if you saw any client or seen in any of the thin sections because that's one thing I remember from that project that was unusual.
Thank you.
Um, when we were studying and we didn't see any final Pearson, we might have overlooked it we didn't get to spend too much time on this in sections due to covert restrictions.
But we, we didn't see any. Essentially,
It could just be a sampling issue to, you know, a different face she's of the body. So, thanks.
Thank you.
All right, thank you. We don't have any more questions, we can move on.
The next poster is spatial and strata graphic characterization of paleo fluid chemistry, and the sample actual Appalachian Valley and rich province. During the Allegheny Rajini by Mark Evans.
I believe Mark said he will share his poster.
Whoops, let's try this.
You guys here.
Fluid chemistry in the central Appalachian Valley and rich province area that we're looking at here is in the central Appalachians in the Pennsylvania salient extending from the anthracite belt on the east down through the central Pennsylvania area, and
then into Maryland, and for West Virginia, West Virginia, the strata graphic sequence is well exposed on the ground surface all the way from the upper Cambrian, all the way through the Pennsylvania.
And we have fluid inclusion Microsoft geometry data from almost every single strata graphic level in the distribution of those over 300 locations to show on the map to the right.
We use fluid inclusion microphone geometry to determine the traveling conditions of a fluid inclusions, and also their chemistry or using the freezing point depression of the fluids, we can basically determined fluid salinity.
That was trapped during the time period when these mineral things such as quartz and calcite were formed.
Now the regional data, provide an interesting perspective on the distribution of the fluids celebrities by each stroke graphic horizon. And you can see that in the seven maps that are shown here on the right well look at the first five and then the second
to the second last two in the upper Devonian for example and into the Catskill Mississippi and Pocono formation. The information, and the earlier formations.
They all seem to have a similar pattern of relatively high celebrities within the vicinity of the curvature of the Pennsylvania savings, and then lower celebrities in the anthracite belt and then down into the area of Maryland, and West Virginia, the
Marcellus and Hamilton formations. On the other hand, have a little bit of a more chaotic distribution in terms of celebrities but they're much higher greater than 28% sodium chloride equivalent celebrities in the eastern part of the valley in the region,
Now, the carbonate section there the upper slower in the lower Devonian carbonate sequence as a regionally consistent salinity of about 20% to 25% salinity, and it does not vary significantly, all the way from the area of the anthracite belt, all the
way in the southern West Virginia.
The upper or position to lowered slurring plastic rock sequence. On the other hand, as a very high salinity area up in Pennsylvania, but then as you go down into West Virginia, Maryland, the celebrities drop off a little bit less than 20%.
We see similar patterns in the camera or division carpet next sequence where we have relatively high salinity is greater than 28%. In the Pennsylvania sailing area and down into West Virginia.
But we have a vast area where we have very basic data.
So the east. However, the solidity seem to drop off.
Now what's interesting is that these different strata graphic levels of solidity defined a paleo Hydra strategic earthy.
And today in modern day is a shown here, we see that the modern Brian's also show similar hydrostatic earthy of relatively lower celebrities.
Upper Devonian Mississippi in Pennsylvania and plastic units, and then also much higher celebrities in the carpet sequences as we saw before.
So in summary, we basically have some of the conclusions. First of all fluid inclusion salinity and the central Appalachians basically has a well defined paleo high dress, particularly in the salinity very spatially within dizziness, as well as strata
graphically with up to a 15 way percent variation regionally.
In general, lower splintered is in the middle funding through Upper Mississippi and rocks.
And then, especially in the area of anthracite does the endowment to West Virginia. On the other hand, the carbonates have a much higher soon, and also all of these different celebrities in this hybrid photography seem to mimic the modern day.
Thank you.
All right. Thank you, Mark. We have time for questions.
which has question.
Bob.
If I remember correctly, the Selena salt formation is Korean and underlies Pennsylvania.
But since out and maybe disappears to south.
And I think I remember that somebody said that the full thrust, the fold. For us Bell evolves from folding Pennsylvania to thrusting to the south, because the Selena thins out goes to zero so now I'm wondering if the folding is probably Allegheny and
so the courts veins are probably Allegheny and then So does that mean that any little fluids, access the saliva, and move and got salty, as they moved around.
And would that explain any of your distributions. It certainly could I mean the slide assault section is the middle salary and roughly and it extends all the way from New York State down through Pennsylvania and probably even into the area of Northern
West Virginia.
We don't really have evidence for this line of being present in the valley and rich province though, I mean, it may have been to a degree, but you're right, some of that dissolution of that salt might be contributing to the really high celebrities within
that middle lower Devonian Syrian section. But also, we could have some of that salt brine basically escaping through fracture sets and fault sequences into some other strata graphic unit so that's certainly a possibility.
In fact, that was one of the things I was going to bring up was that there could be both a lateral and a strata graphic communication of fluids.
That's it. In I like that idea there.
cool. Yeah, we also see these kinds of hydro stir Tigger fees in work that we've done in the Sierra Madre of Mexico. Sierra Madre Oregon towel and also up in the sawtooth range in Montana so we can do this basically discern paleo hydrostatic Murphy's
fluid inclusions, and then many ways they mimic modern hydro stratigraphy to
long did it take you to collect and measure the, not just me, it's lots of undergrads
took a long time. Yes.
That was my question to so wondering, by long how many years was about 10 years worth of data so far.
Are there any other questions.
If not, we can move on to our next poster, which is the spatial and strata graphic character. Oh, we just finished that fracture mineralization and paleo fluid history of the Marcellus Shale West Virginia, Appalachian plateau.
And that's by Joshua coke and Mark Evans.
Oh, everyone. My name is Chuck, and I'm going to be presenting to you today, the fractional mineralization and Kelly of fluid history of the Marcellus Shale.
So we're going to start off investigating the helium flute history.
We examined mineral filled fractures from our course in the eastern Appalachian plateau of West Virginia.
These fixed section core samples.
They provide physical descriptors of generalization.
Most of the vein sets were sabbatical and bedding parallel along a national on the groups on the veins are mostly blocky to elongated block account site as well there was fibrous calcite uncommon blocky fibers and bladed very can be found in the west
10 in West Virginia six groups from my samples. There was also uncommon pyrite that was also found in the golf and Armstrong samples.
So some examples. We had mostly like these right here the blockage else a transition fibers calcite.
But there was also brown inclusions found amongst the vein sets bitumen throughout, some evidence dissolution as well.
So fluid inclusion fluid inclusion micro monetary was conducted on those core samples, we wanted to look at the compensate composition of the fluid inclusions, as well as the fluid trapping conditions.
With that we did the maximum burial death by putting pressure and homogenization temperatures and calculating maximum overburden.
In this study, all the fluid inclusions observed were methane and higher hydrocarbons, like effing the butane contain, you know, etc.
These inclusions are first version to create a vapor bubble, then warmed up when the vapor bubble modularizes.
That is the modernization temperature.
When that inclusion of modularizes to a liquid. That means that it is shrinking, and occasionally to a paper, which is expanding that indicates that the track liquid.
We're near their critical points.
There were several inclusions homogenize at temperatures lower than the critical point of methane, which indicates beer methane, possibly with some co2, but those can be used to determine the trapping pressures.
So, all the corners contain similar thermal maturity, with single phase inclusions.
Like I said before, mostly be methane and, you know, higher hydrocarbons.
There were some uncommon method conclusions as well.
Methane inclusions as well. The bed parallel vein orientations, found in all the course suggested high for fluid pressure at or near lifted static
in the West Virginia, and Armstrong samples. Both of them were calculated out to have a maximum burial death around 3.2 kilometers 2.3 on the high end, we hit a maximum of around 6.8, but I had only found a couple samples that load.
Lower freezing numbers like that so we would definitely need more data to confirm that.
But, you know, based on the maximum calculated variable depth of 3.2 to 4.3 kilometers.
We took the depth of the Marcellus formation, which for where it's at now is about 2.3 kilometers.
And the estimated thickness of satanic premium. That could have been there, and a road, it would be around 0.9 and two kilometers. So yeah, that's pretty much what we had found out.
Thank you.
Okay, thank you, Joshua, if there are any questions we'll open it up to some questions.
And again the next talk was canceled so we have until 450.
You mentioned that you were looking at higher hard hydrocarbons, and identifying them as butane and methane and so forth. How did you identify those specifically
jumping on this really can't identify them specifically. All we know is that if the homogenization temperature of the hydrocarbon inclusions is higher than minus 82 degrees.
That requires that other hydrocarbons be present.
So many of the inclusions in fact most of the inclusions modernized somewhere in the range of about minus, you know, 20 degrees all the way down to minus, 80, and those that have the higher hydrocarbons and anything that have lower homogenization temperatures
would be more closely to peer methane, or methane plus co2.
Okay. Yeah, I was just wondering if he used ROM on or something like that to identify them.
That would be nice. It would be another one of those if we had the equipment. Yes.
So the assumption here is that
the fluid inclusions were set at maximum burial and maximum temperature.
Yes, that's the assumption is that they were trapped earlier they would like cracker. We re, re equilibrate correct, and regionally we see similar results so I mean, these were basically in the same ballpark as everything else in the Appalachian plateau.
We don't think there's been a whole lot of uplift since then, or any more, much, much deeper burial than that so I think they're pretty much, you know, in good shape that give us good numbers.
I just have a general question mark your Marcellus samples of Marcella samples up by the anthracite belt. Yes.
Close to there. Yeah, we do.
The closest ones I have from there are about, 20 kilometers northwest 2030 kilometers northwest so we actually have a lot of data from the anthracite belt.
No, I mean just tons of data so I mean we actually have Marcellus right outside the anthracite belt too, but not from deep corps but from surface outcrops.
So, if you need data, let me know.
Now I've always wondered, you know, some people have hot fluids, going through the anthracite Quinn says a region for the amortization, right, I've often wondered like what the thermal maturity of the Marcellus close to it is if you have if the Pennsylvania
is hotter and the Marcellus is cooler, or
because the regional maps I've seen like on the internet reflectance suggest that, but it's not dumb clear. Well, I had a couple students do some work.
A couple years ago that was just to the south of the anthracite belt.
Literally, on the southern border of the anthracite belt. And they were getting burial burial.
Sin tectonic burrito values.
In other words, you know, subtracting what the normal stratigraphy would be through the Mississippian, and then everything above it would be syntax tonic, those numbers were coming in somewhere between seven to 10 kilometers.
And so, those I think are good numbers there, they're based on both aqueous inclusions but also methane and co2 inclusions. So there, there's basic basically two lines of evidence pointing to the same number.
So water water rocks have been eroded away. Right.
So what's your future research going to do fill in the area or march down south or I'm, I'm in the process of writing like a half a dozen papers right now.
But once all that's done.
My next thing is to go down. I've worked everywhere from the anthracite belt through Pennsylvania through Eastern West Virginia. And the next thing to do is March South word from about the Stanton Virginia area south down towards white Sulphur Springs.
So I want to get an origin wide model.
I also want to thank you Mark for all the work you put in for this meeting you know and the disappointment of not having an in person it's like everything on the website has your name attached to it.
So, yeah. Well thank you, I appreciate that
It's been an experience. I said on Twitter that I'm glad this is a zoom meeting so we can at least see each other's faces or know each other are here which is, you know, much better than like national or annual a GSA where it's so big you can't see people.
Right. And you know, that was one of the things I really insisted on was this be actually an in person meeting as best as we could do, rather than having everything recorded.
Right.
You know I just didn't didn't want to do that.
But I think this has worked out very nicely.
Definitely.
All right, well I'm going to sign off here and let Allison take over.
All right, thank you Mark we still do have a couple of minutes before the next and last poster.
I would suppose that if our authors are here, and ready we could, we could move on, unless anybody was opposed to it.
Rocky What do you think, Would you be able to play it for me.
Yeah, I think we can go ahead and do the last presentation here so give me one quick second.
All right, well you load that it is the fabric analysis and Marla night in the norm burger share some system.
Free ports how well area in Southern Maine, by Jenna, all the Sarah, Gary solar and Paul Toma sack.
Okay, here we go.
Hi everyone, my name is Jenna baldisserri, and I'm going to be presenting fabric analysis and violence in the norm Vegas shows on system Freeport harps while area Southern Maine.
My work elaborates on a smaller component of a much larger multidisciplinary study of norm Vega shares on system Island I my work focuses on documenting across strike fully ation intensity and how this has demonstrated at different field areas along and
In this map, we can see the extent of the norm mega shares on system and where my field area extends along the shares on itself also president is the boundary of capacities field area, and an important component of our research is how field samples differ
Penske found Garnett with inclusion trails and her skin
and bones while my samples had no garnets at all.
But field areas.
I apologize for the lagging is here, hold on
just a very fully aided Kordofan spastic textures. This demonstrates how rocks and field areas adjacent to each other, can differ so extensively.
My area of study is localized in Freeport and top him mean an important component was analyzing the different mineral and fully ation textures between field areas, A, B and C, because of their relative positions on the norm biggest years on system metamorphic
mineral fabrics are defined by strongly aligned fine to medium grains matrix grains
The record, Blake shaped ellipse Lloyd's we utilize the inverse surfer wheeled document met matrix fabrics from three out of my five total fear field areas and analyzed 16 sections in total to give fabric ellipses of both litigation parallel and perpendicular
to the affiliation, micro analysis focused on the documentation of micro tectonic fabrics, specifically the shape geometry and orientation of the matrix fabrics.
The Surfer wheel allowed me to record each grain boundary of specific minerals at each 10 degree rotation fewest intersections are along fabric major axes and most along the minor axes.
Count ratio determines the fabric ellipse. aspect ratio which we will see later in the A, B and C field stations.
Here Field Station, a delineation parallel on top and delineation perpendicular on the bottom, the green fabric ellipses shows an accurate and consistent green shape and access attitude for each of the three stations station a demonstrates a clearly more
intensely nation parallel affiliation. And this is also a consistent factor among all three fields stations Field Station A is the closest to the interior of the norm biggest fear zone system to pics many examples of deformed to place and little to no
by a tight fully infield station be contrary to a samples from this field station art depicting a very intense by a titan horn blend fully ation with defined obligate fabrics court screen ellipse wide is consistent with a.
And with station be being the farthest from the norm mega shares own system itself, and a their fabrics are and mineral composition is different to an interesting extent.
Field Station a is much farther north and remains along strike with a NB samples from see preserve the same consistent courts green ellipse or it as a and b, which is important to note, all three stations and all six samples contained consistent grain
shapes and attitudes, even across Drake as well as along the strike.
The Surfer data and count ratio among all six samples and the three fields stations have complex strain histories while preserving consistent green shapes.
The along strike analysis of stations and be demonstrated clear fabric difference as well as the different performative properties and examples. This shows different information intensity.
Thank you.
Okay, do we have any questions.
I had one just based on the first location map of Maine.
You call up north in Maine the Central Maine basin.
Here's own system.
Central Maine belt belt, but you call it a share zone system up there.
Yeah, so the sheer zone is going perpendicular to the Central Maine belt.
And what I hadn't heard that terminology before.
So I defer the question to my co author, you want to hear from him.
Hello, Dr. So are you.
Good. You're asking about the Central Maine belt right yes the sheer zone system. Yeah, it's been called many names before but that entire yellow region is really a system of pretty much north east, south was trending downs of year that pretty much an
estimate was the whole length.
length. Its origin parallel. Okay.
I'll check that out.
Any other questions.
Do you have a sense for any change in temperature of information from your three stations.
Um, I can see that they're deformed differently, according to all three areas but as far as temperature.
We didn't really do a lot of work on that but
yeah so the textures are the same.
Can I ask a question.
Yes.
Yeah.
I thank you very much I think it's a very nice presentation I think the
the explanation that I, I'm not familiar with that, that spinning thing and so I think it's a nice, nice way to document the strain that. And my question is getting at.
My question is getting at. I think the point is to try to look at the intensity across the zone.
And, and a couple of times you were talking about
some localities being closer to the center of the zone and others being farther away. How do you know where the center of this zone is.
So, all three of the samples on the bottom, we're in like the transitional zone of this year's on but if you look at the map on the top.
The sheer zone is in the midpoint of that dotted line.
That's to the left of my area of study so.
All three of the samples had consistent information just because they were along the transitional zone but the actual shares on itself is. Yeah, thank you.
Is the dotted line to the left of the area of study. Yes.
Yeah.
So,
so, or I can see on the screen to the right, there's your so your study or is outlined by that green boundary.
Yeah, where the cursor is not my fingers point not not managing the cursor yeah I'm trying to outline it, but yeah so it's in the shadow them anyway I see the word Brunswick.
So between the word Brunswick and the word Freeport, there's a dashed line that looks like that was drawn before your study.
It seems to me, you might want to be drawing the boundaries of the sheer zone, after you do your study, so you don't you want to determine where the intensity of the information is, and then you draw the boundaries of the shares own after you side where
the, where the information is more intense.
Yeah, that makes a lot of sense. I mean, it kind of worked out just because a and be we're across the transitional zone so I guess you can kind of see the difference information a little bit even though they were pretty consistent.
But I will keep that in mind. Thank you, that is that is a good point.
Another comment I have I think this was a question.
It's sneaky because it's a comment with a question embedded in it.
Not sure what the question first comment.
So, intensity of defamation. Have you talked about some rocks have gone it in them and some rocks don't so not all rocks are the same.
And so, there are some geologic maps in this region that show quite a bit of lift a lot of variation in in units that have been mapped.
And so I guess the question then is, is the intensity, how much of the variability in intensity is related to partitioning of information among various rock types, as opposed to distance you know distance away from a central part of a shear zone or, you
know, It's not a homogeneous defamation.
Yeah, so I mean, all three of them were pretty consistent in their defamation I mean, before I even did any of this work I kind of thought that it would be much more distinct just the intensity, like the difference of the intensity.
But it was pretty consistent all around and I was even thinking about maybe, you know, what if we did a rock that was like closer to the actual sharing zone itself instead of a transitional zone and I kind of thought to myself how it would be different.
And
I don't know when I look at amb. Those are the two that I go back to a lot and look at and I'm just because they're both across the transition zone and I kind of think to myself, initially that I would predict they would be a lot different, but they're
actually very much the same so.
Good, I'm glad you're thinking, because I am too, I don't, I don't know, I don't, I don't know, it's, it's not a simple area. Thank you.
Thank you.
Any other questions or comments.
I might have one question.
I'm kind of intrigued by this the spinning wheel also which is kind of a new method to me too so it kind of assumes that the SIP grains are a lines that they represent the stream and see if you have the crystallization going on.
Well, do you think it works.
Um, so the fabric if it were to like re crystallize and be not have the same like green ellipse. So I just want you're asking.
Yeah, like if, if you start cheering things, you get some brainstorming and the preferred orientation. And then it's on the courts really crystallized and it will happen again.
Like it will be doing the defamation. We crystallizing recovery process, as as the forming, which is really tricky. Yeah.
So the fabric of website is,
is what documents the screen itself so in the bottom right, you can see the, the courts of upside.
And, you know, if, if you were to kind of infer that there would be more sharing the you know the surfer wheel when you count the intersections of the grains, how it would differentiate if there was more strain it'd be interesting to find out.
But as far as like the left side goes and how it'd be different strain wise.
I think the, you know, the linear variation of the graph and all the points I counted I think it'd be a little different, it's.
Yeah, there's like less consistency in the minerals of all three of the samples.
It's almost like a minimum of three and I think in the end.
This because the that's, that's something that kind of surprised me is the courts a website it's not a very well it is very strong but just the shape of the ellipse words and how they differ was very interesting to find.
Okay, thank you.
Thank you.
Okay, well, we don't have any final questions, I want to thank all of the presenters, on behalf of myself and Allison.
I was really impressed with everybody, and I hope you guys have enjoyed this virtual meeting as much as I have.
Yes, I can say thank you for great session.
Absolutely.
So, Hopefully we will be meeting in person next March.
I know I certainly look forward to even just being able to get out in the field with groups of students again.
It's, it's been rough. I'm sure for everybody.
I like jeans common there everybody on the organizing committee still visit over.
Thanks. Thank you. Organizing Committee.
Yep. Thanks to all the organizers, which multiple people have pointed out over the day.
So I would encourage you to go to any of the remaining talks that are in some of the other sessions that are still running for a little bit longer.
And if not, I hope you enjoy the rest of your semester since we're probably most of us are dealing with the last month and a half or two.
So, thanks everybody.
All right. Thank you. Goodbye.