William Ouimet: Hello everyone how are you.
William Ouimet: it's it's amazing i've spent so much time getting the the other digital aspects of this ready, that of course I assumed that I would be able to log on without any hassle and the two seconds I needed to this morning and, of course, that didn't work, so I apologize for that.
William Ouimet: So, because I didn't log in 20 minutes early I also didn't have the opportunity to put up that first slide that that they were recommending that presenters do so i'm going to.
William Ouimet: i'm going to go ahead and do that.
William Ouimet: yeah, I think, so I think we're ready to go right maddie and jenna like.
jrstone: yeah we're good.
William Ouimet: it's i'm a little bit flustered obviously from the from the start, but i'll do my best to kind of rebound here okay so um what I wanted to do.
William Ouimet: Let me before I go to the slides what I What I do want to do is just this is this is supposed to be, you know.
William Ouimet: A workshop short course feel were in the non virtual world we would all be in a room together and we'd have the opportunity to at least engage each.
William Ouimet: Other face to face and meeting I mean hang out and meet and do a little bit of getting to know one another Okay, so I would like to I know that it will take time, I would just like to go around the room, just so that everyone has a chance to introduce themselves.
William Ouimet: That would help me, I think, would help each other, just so that we can kind of build a Community here, because we will we will be together for some amount of time time today Okay, so what i'll do is, I will just read down the list so if you can just get in preparation, maybe unmute.
William Ouimet: And then we will go pretty quickly here but i'll call your name out so that there's no confusion about about about who's going and then Janet and I will introduce ourselves in the slides so we'll let you guys go first so maddie your first up in my list.
Margaret Thomas: I am a Margaret Thomas and Connecticut state geologist I have some experience with lidar.
Margaret Thomas: But i'm really looking forward to this class to start from soup and go to NUTS So here we are.
William Ouimet: that's great Alexander is in ski.
Alexander Zdzinski: ski in ski i'm i'm a retired geologists formerly with the Pennsylvania department of environmental protection.
Alexander Zdzinski: have only first started to encounter information about lidar and about a year or two ago so don't know much that's fine here.
William Ouimet: that's great I Denise brush it.
Denise Brushett: hi i'm at a sufficient geologists who, with the Nova Scotia geological survey and we've had been using lighter hair for around the last five six years and we've recently had a lot more data come out that i'm hoping to learn how to use better.
William Ouimet: Joe butch.
Joe Butch: Right yeah whoops i'm Joe bloggs a retired a custom Paleo wants to take your fee i'm interested in expanding my knowledge of various aspects of geology.
Nice.
William Ouimet: Robert thorson.
robertmthorson: Oh yes, well.
robertmthorson: It was about 20 years ago, I took seminars on our GIs but I never got into it enough to actually learn it.
robertmthorson: But I love lidar I don't know how to mess, with it, or do anything with it, if this gets too wonky and technical for me i'll bail probably halfway through the day but i'm gonna try, I really want to learn how to do this well.
William Ouimet: there's no space to get while getting technical because we had just too much to do so don't worry you're good.
William Ouimet: Brian oakley.
BryanOakley: Oh hi everybody i'm going to associate professor at Eastern Connecticut State University just down the road from well but i'm in my home office, not on campus today.
BryanOakley: I have some experience lidar I use it quite a bit, particularly in coastal applications and looking at bluffer ocean, but i'm looking to pick up some tips and tricks today, and particularly things to bring back to my my courses as well, so i'm looking forward to it it's great.
William Ouimet: genet Barclay.
William Ouimet: Oh you're muted, I think.
William Ouimet: Well you're not muted on on my end maybe it's all just going to go to Melissa boyd and we'll come back to Janet.
Melissa Boyd: hi my name is Melissa fine i'm a PhD student at rutgers university.
Melissa Boyd: i'm.
Melissa Boyd: Access to light our data for my fieldwork and I would just like to learn how to better use it or how to use it.
that's great.
William Ouimet: Michael.
William Ouimet: w.
Michael Wizevich: Reason it.
William Ouimet: Sorry sorry Michael.
Michael Wizevich: So, Michael is a bit i'm a professor and geological sciences at central Connecticut State University and soft rock geologists i've had a student who did a project with the drum ones in Connecticut lidar oh God let's see he just finished his PhD so that.
Michael Wizevich: Seven years ago, or so.
Michael Wizevich: So a little bit of it, but not much so i'm interested to learn more and perhaps get more students involved in projects like my excellent.
William Ouimet: Thank you, I Stephen maybe.
Stephen Mabee - MA: A Steve maybe state geologists for Massachusetts I use lidar but mostly for base maps i'd like to learn more about how to manipulate the data.
William Ouimet: that's hopefully the goal David harper.
David Harper: Oh yes, i'm retired from the New Jersey survey.
David Harper: geology luxury.
William Ouimet: agenda you good now.
William Ouimet: Barclay.
William Ouimet: Maybe.
William Ouimet: Think janet's frozen there Paul olson.
Paul Olsen: hi.
Paul Olsen: yeah i'm Paulson i'm a professor Griffin vinyl science at Columbia University in the minority earth Observatory i'm mapping triassic Jurassic basins and.
Paul Olsen: I needed and elsewhere.
Paul Olsen: And i'm usually use national map as a source of the lidar data but i'm eager to learn, better and more effective ways to use that I use it to develop hypotheses of mapping and I feel check them Nice.
William Ouimet: Roger look blue.
Roger Bloch: Block hey yeah i'm a retired oil geologist and i've used lidar kind of off and on to map.
Roger Bloch: glacial features up in new Hampshire and also kind of helped out the town mapping some old abandoned cemeteries so i'm hoping to learn some as as another gentleman said some tips and tricks.
William Ouimet: Thank you.
William Ouimet: Stephen Douglas.
stephen tzikas: gigas yes i'm an environmental engineer so lidar is new to.
David Harper: me.
stephen tzikas: So it's a continuing education topic I hope to learn something.
William Ouimet: Great Stephen nutrition bridge.
Steven Schimmrich: shim rich yes i'm i'm a.
Steven Schimmrich: Professor in stem chair at suny elster in the Hudson valley of New York and.
Steven Schimmrich: I use a little archie is 20 years ago and i've played around with Q GIs but I haven't done anything with lidar but i'm anxious to learn more about it.
William Ouimet: that's great woody Thompson.
Woody Thompson: morning everybody i'm retired from the main geological survey and now working part time for the new Hampshire survey.
Woody Thompson: i've been using lidar for years and years, my mapping work that i've been getting it pre cooked from my respective offices, so now i'm looking forward to seeing a little bit more about how it works and getting behind the scenes Nice.
William Ouimet: amanda Chen.
Amanda Chen: hi i'm amanda i'm an undergraduate student at wellesley college and i've had experience with gigi is, but I just want to learn how to use a platter gets.
William Ouimet: Great audrey a lotta.
William Ouimet: Any fallon.
Andy Fallon: morning everybody i'm going wills PhD students and the history of using lidar both as kind of an accent in the field, as well as using for base maps and desktop mapping applications so just looking forward to learn some more and yeah should be good day today.
William Ouimet: it's great audrey target.
Audrey Turcotte: hi i'm a graduate student at Boston college working with Noah cider yeah I took an awesome class as well at uconn during my undergrad um.
Audrey Turcotte: yeah my research is going to be focused on flavio GEO morphology and restoration, so I don't want too much GIs and latter experience but i'm going to definitely be using it so trying to get into it and learn as much as I can.
William Ouimet: About.
William Ouimet: Newton above.
Bob Newton: It will Bob Newton recently retired from Smith college geosciences.
Bob Newton: lidar is the best thing I love it it's like reading a good book you can't put it down.
Bob Newton: So i'm interested in learning as much as I can awesome.
William Ouimet: Tomorrow Moss.
Tamara Moss: I tomorrow Moss i'm a geologist with the government of Nova Scotia and i'm been using lighter using GEO what what is it a global map.
Tamara Moss: But, looking forward to understanding more of how I can use it to target.
William Ouimet: outcrops and glacial features.
William Ouimet: Great I am I am jumping around because the names are moving around, so I if people are trying to follow along.
William Ouimet: i'm doing the best they can hear us this evening.
Cissy Ming: Oh hey um I am a senior year sciences major at penn state, and I also recently completed GIs minor so i'd like to.
Cissy Ming: find ways to enrich my GIs skills outside of class Nice.
William Ouimet: Cora Urban Housing good.
Cora Van Hazinga: I am Cora then hasn't got i'm a Grad student at Salem State University in GIs my undergrads in geology also from Salem state, so I have dabbled in lidar before, but I look forward to getting to know more, the nuts and bolts.
William Ouimet: that's great Jason lease lease.
William Ouimet: How about JEREMY who.
Jill Mayhew: hi i'm Jill mayhew I am a geologist i've just returned from working for for eight years in Russia, when some energy projects i'm back in the States now because of coven and looking to make a change so i'm I don't know a lot about lidar but i'm here to learn.
William Ouimet: I think john brooks.
John Brooks: hi i'm john brooks i'm semi retired consulting geologists i've had the opportunity to work with lidar.
John Brooks: In.
John Brooks: fractured trace analyses for groundwater exploration and also i'm using it for a aid in my official mapping for the new Hampshire state geologists at this point, great.
William Ouimet: God disclose.
Joe Desloges: Thanks Joe to lowes Professor do morphology University of Toronto, one of our most recent projects was comparing terrestrial lidar versus drone mapping on small scale stuff the drone one out so i'm here to learn about lidar as being still a good thing to do.
William Ouimet: that's that's good john brooks that I get him.
William Ouimet: There john brooks there.
William Ouimet: About Jonathan.
William Ouimet: Goodness.
Jonathan Godinez: hello, my name is Jonathan godliness i'm from Costa Rica i'm a recently graduated in Beige color in geology and from the University of Costa Rica and never experienced later before so i'm happy to be here and learn something.
William Ouimet: that's great Julia boils.
Julia Boyles, Vermont Geological Survey: hi good morning everybody i'm really boils with the remote geological survey on the geologists pretty familiar with lidar we use it a lot for almost all of our mapping projects and i'm just really looking forward to learning more and expanding my knowledge grade.
William Ouimet: lay whoo.
Lei Wu: Hello everyone i'm geophysicist from mcgill University in Canada and and I don't have much background in later and.
Lei Wu: I look forward to their start to learn something new from this class today Nice.
William Ouimet: Lindsey spiral.
Lindsay.Spigel: hi everyone i'm Lindsay Spiegel I work at the main geological survey I conduct superficial mapping and landslide research and I love lidar.
Lindsay.Spigel: You can't conduct mapping in maine without it got too many trees.
Lindsay.Spigel: And just to put a plug in for ngs if any of you are working in maine or we now have statewide light our coverage and our data, unlike some other states is really easy to access, so if you're looking for that i'm just.
Lindsay.Spigel: I can put you in the right direction, so feel free to contact me that's great.
William Ouimet: Madison you're here.
Madison Rosen: yeah i'm here i'm i'm a Grad student at uconn and i've worked with a bunch of wider and I work at the with maddie.
Madison Rosen: Austin.
William Ouimet: marjorie's at.
marjorie.zeff: A high margin chef i'm a consulting geologist.
marjorie.zeff: With a calm, as the Philadelphia PA office we use lidar quite a bit and i'm kind of self taught and i've never had a formal presentation of it so that's why i'm taking this class today read.
William Ouimet: A lot lost track of my of my.
William Ouimet: of my name's here Rebecca candy.
Rebekah Kennedy: hi i'm a senior geoscience student at uconn right now i've taken wills class they're.
Rebekah Kennedy: going to be a master student at wesleyan next year and i've been using lidar with maddie for the state survey and also for my senior thesis project looking for outcrops.
Rebekah Kennedy: Great.
William Ouimet: inca oh yeah me.
All right.
Yinka Oyewumi: Thank you.
Yinka Oyewumi: i'm it professional from geological sciences department central Connecticut State University, I have experience with GIs and lighter and i'm here to expand my knowledge, thank you.
William Ouimet: Tyler p.
Tyler P: Hello i'm Tyler from Washington big.
Tyler P: what's it called i'm like central New York I recent graduate with my undergraduate degree in geology.
Tyler P: And i've used a little bit of GIs in various classes and lidar remote sensing.
Tyler P: But other than that i'm here just kind of learn a little bit more because i'm trying to actually start a project local park near me to sort of like mapping create some more information about it, so I figured I could use lidar or GIs to help enhance that.
William Ouimet: Great tearing.
William Ouimet: isn't very.
taryn isenburg: hi i'm Karen eisenberg I worked for maddie at the Connecticut geological survey, and I know a little bit about what are just.
William Ouimet: Great tomorrow Moss.
William Ouimet: I already went oh sorry.
William Ouimet: Richard.
William Ouimet: kutner.
William Ouimet: yeah I think Jen is your is your volume working yet or mute.
Janet Barclay: Can you hear me yeah.
William Ouimet: yeah we're good that's great.
Janet Barclay: All right, hi i'm Janet Barclay.
Janet Barclay: ecologists, with the US geological survey here in Connecticut and I have used lidar.
Janet Barclay: mostly from the DM so the process stuff so i'm interested in learning from working with the raw data as well as i'm super curious about.
Janet Barclay: interpreting the land use and superficial geology and particularly curious how much of that can be automated to do over broader a lot of my work is sort of a regional scale of groundwater, surface water interactions and so curious.
Janet Barclay: About that part of it.
William Ouimet: Well that's great so at this point I can't quite keep track of who hasn't gone, but what i'll do is, if you haven't if you haven't had a.
William Ouimet: chance to go yet maybe we'll start just after the break.
William Ouimet: we'll pick up and let the people who weren't able to introduce themselves introduce themselves the group there's also a couple people who are coming in a little bit later.
William Ouimet: So what I wanted to know just switch gears to get into the nuts and bolts of the of the short course.
William Ouimet: But it's great to see everyone here i'm so happy that there's all this interest from a variety of different backgrounds and both academic and professional and just people being curious about having heard about lidar at some point.
William Ouimet: You know that there's something for everyone in this workshop and just based on your experiences with it, you know, there may be more or less that you really take from this but but but, but when Jen and I and maddie and kind of a.
William Ouimet: kind of thought about this workshop we really just the goal here is just to kind of take this excitement that we kind of all know exists around lidar and kind of organize it around the principle of really what it's what is doing us.
William Ouimet: What it's doing to really help us better map your surface and then we're going to focus on applications of.
William Ouimet: surface mapping in a feature mapping and then we're going to and throughout the throughout the process will be getting in some some details about lidar.
William Ouimet: So i'm just going to switch over to the slides now, but before I do so, you know, I think that we have all have some degree of from film or familiarity with the zoom.
William Ouimet: platform, please feel free to unmute yourself to keep volume down in the background, that would be greatly appreciate it, it looks like everyone has it has a good handle on that so i'm just going to assume that from from this point for people know how to manage their own their own.
William Ouimet: Their own.
William Ouimet: interface for the zoom depending on what what version of zoom you have you may or may not have the ability to do reactions and thumbs up and thumbs down or raise your hand.
William Ouimet: You know I think what i'm going to do here is is there's a lot to cover and there will be times that we do have question and answer.
William Ouimet: So unless there's a pressing clarification, while we're while we're in the slides i'm just going to ask that you kind of wait till the transition period from the end of one thing to the next.
William Ouimet: To address those questions in those issues Okay, just because it's gonna be hard to manage all the raising hands the questions that are going on during it Okay, so this is last you'll see my face for the for the second i'm going to go ahead and share my screen.
William Ouimet: And let me just get the slides, slides up here okay.
William Ouimet: Okay, so can everybody.
William Ouimet: Can everybody see the slides.
William Ouimet: Are we feeling.
William Ouimet: thumbs up.
Lindsay.Spigel: Yes, but you're in presenter view.
William Ouimet: Okay, so let me just take this out.
William Ouimet: i'm should try that again because I don't I don't have a monitor hooked up right now how's that that's better.
William Ouimet: that's better okay okay great so.
William Ouimet: This is the slide that would have would have been up.
William Ouimet: You know if I had gotten i've got logging in time, but I did not so there's a note here on this first slide to please take the short survey at some point, you know i'd like kind of keeping track of where everyone is in terms of their their background coming into this particular.
William Ouimet: Short course So if you haven't done so already I think there was 40 by the last time I checked in terms of responses, I really, really appreciate it if you go ahead and.
William Ouimet: And do that Okay, and then, and then you know you've already received an email from me, you know there's some contact information on the bottom here janet's email as well.
William Ouimet: You know I hope you remember this is we're trying to be a good strong and tight Community here we're open to discussions and then feedback, please, please, please, if anything is.
William Ouimet: You have questions after the fact, or during the meeting sometime in the near future, when you want to be reminded, about something feel free to email me contact me i'm happy to help as best as best as I can okay so just just a little bit of background about me and Janet.
William Ouimet: We both managed to find a nice slide of us being in the field, and what are we doing we're both holding up digital elevation models, highlighting features to students and other participants in the in the short course.
William Ouimet: But i'm here at uconn the department geoscience but also department geography last 11 years i've been here i'm a geomorphologist.
William Ouimet: I do a lot of questions having to do a surface process human environment interactions landscape evolution tectonic to morphology I kind of worked at all kinds of spatial and temporal scales, depending on the question.
William Ouimet: And whenever you do that in knowledge of the earth's surface and detailed morphology is so crucial and so it's no surprise that the minute I even heard about lidar.
William Ouimet: In my undergrad and Grad school days I was all over it, I did whatever I could to get my hands on some of it and i've just loved seeing this kind of revolution of data access availability and our ability to.
William Ouimet: view all aspects of the system really through this lens of lidar data, so I so i'm happy to share my expertise today and get to know you some some more and then hopefully, you can see where my head's at in terms of how I use this this incredible technology.
William Ouimet: So i'm just going to stop talking for a quick second lead gen introduce herself.
jrstone: Can you hear me.
again.
jrstone: Well i've been mapping superficial geology mostly in Connecticut and on now in Massachusetts for a very long time, I think I added it up to put on the slide about 49 years.
jrstone: And all this time we've.
jrstone: we've been making sufficient geologic maps at usually a 24,000 scale and then compiling them into state state maps at 120 5000 scale.
jrstone: And we've been using topographic base maps with 10 foot contour intervals, to make to put the the geology on and that base map controls really the accuracy of where the contacts are.
jrstone: As you draw them on on a map, you have to draw to the to that base now and so that's worked pretty well and why we think we've done a really good job and mapping.
jrstone: In Connecticut and Massachusetts over those years and we've had good developed good geologic models of deposition environments and and models of how the ice retreated.
jrstone: And so we're pretty confident that we have really good maps, but just a few years back, the high resolution i'm not talking about.
jrstone: You know plain old simple lidar but the high resolution lidar that we have now has just revolutionized the the basically the base mail, so we have something that is far more accurate and far more detailed and so, while our contacts i'm of.
jrstone: Of what where there's glacial meltwater deposits, for instance, our tech are fairly right and look fine on a on a TELCO base now, but when you look at them on lidar you realize that you've got to move them.
jrstone: Just a little bit because you can see exactly where that breaking slope is and it's it's accurately placed on the earth's surface, so this slide are is truly a revolutionary technique, to be able to make much better.
jrstone: Sufficient superficial geologic maps so.
jrstone: While that's a great thing, I think, in some ways it's it's slowed us down because we we sort of feel like we have to go back and maybe draw every line over again.
jrstone: So that's what i've been doing.
jrstone: That great well.
William Ouimet: Thanks thanks Janet and really you know it's not surprising that you'll see that there's a wide range of applications of lidar and we're only going to touch on some of them today.
William Ouimet: But you know we're happy to share our expertise in that regard Okay, so I also don't want too much time to go past about doing some special thanks, so a number of my graduate students, current and past were really instrumental and.
William Ouimet: So much of the background research leading up to this workshop, and then the physical preparation for it.
William Ouimet: So I just want to do give special acknowledgement to a few folks here some which are in the room today as as participants, but it really couldn't be done without without their help.
William Ouimet: And you know what i've found amazing about.
William Ouimet: about my academic my work is that is i'm surrounded by a great community of people who are really invested in what we're doing, and in this, in this case we're invested in and making resources for the Community to benefit all, and so I really appreciate their effort here to help us.
William Ouimet: communicate and to share this knowledge with everyone so thanks again G Sam Kate and Andy.
William Ouimet: Okay, so little bit nuts and bolts, I tried to communicate in and share as many things with you up until this point and so.
William Ouimet: What I want to emphasize is that we have a schedule of events we have a lot to accomplish.
William Ouimet: we're going to do the best that we can with the time that we have we're already behind schedule, because of my staff food but also, I wanted to give time to kind of.
William Ouimet: Let everyone introduce themselves so we're going to be making our way through this this this particular schedule of events, the just was that, essentially, that we have three chunks or three sections of the workshop.
William Ouimet: First, was just talking about lidar data visualization and limitations and then, once we're kind of armed with that with that background really launched into two major efforts that.
William Ouimet: You know, myself and Janet have been part of over over our recent recent research and that's kind of mapping historic land use features and then also updating and refinement of returning geological maps.
William Ouimet: So each section has a little bit of it has some slides and some material to convey each section has an exercise or something to do.
William Ouimet: In many ways we don't have enough time to do all of these things thoroughly.
William Ouimet: we're going to do the best we can, with the time that we have, but I was, I was adamant that we get everything up on on the Google drive so that it's a resource for you, regardless of how far we make it.
William Ouimet: And so I really want want you to feel as you can use these resources moving forward, whether or not we spend the full amount of enriching time today today during during the during the event so um I guess said.
William Ouimet: there's a public Google drive folder that's companion to that, hopefully, everyone has the links and can go in there without a problem, I made it actually open to the full public so anybody with the link.
William Ouimet: You don't need a gmail account to access it hopefully if you're having issues with it, please let me know I kind of linked the the folders with.
William Ouimet: With the news, you can see the column there in the schedule that kind of highlights which folder used to be looking for which.
William Ouimet: Which part of the schedule of events that last folder was me get a little bit carried away last night, realizing that I couldn't spend time showing you pretty images of lidar all day.
William Ouimet: So I put a little folder that just kind of allowed me to pop some more interesting line our graphics I would love it if if anyone else wants to contribute just fun and interesting lighter.
William Ouimet: lighter images things that they've seen around the region or may be curious and not know for sure what it is maybe we can we can kind of crowd source of here and get some expertise from from from the group at.
William Ouimet: Large Okay, so that that's that's the that's the nuts and bolts from a schedule events, now the the nuts and bolts from a software perspective.
William Ouimet: So you know, in an ideal world, we might have been in a computer lab somewhere somewhere at a conference Center all with laptops and we'd all have access to GIs software in front of us, and I would have made that a requirement.
William Ouimet: managing this as a virtual workshop we went away from that and so what we did is we invested a lot of time and developing viewers and web Apps through our GIs online.
William Ouimet: And this is a great new resource and it's pretty slick it's not as clunky as it used to be in terms of.
William Ouimet: Data data issues and kind of viewing issues and so these these allow us to kind of add a whole bunch of data.
William Ouimet: stream over various servers and then some nice widgets for allowing you to manipulate these these particular data sets within within the arch is online interface Okay, and so we have some setup for for for today.
William Ouimet: And I should say the links the easiest way to access the link.
William Ouimet: Is by going into the files on Google drive, but if anybody wants to kind of get ahead of me and just put the link in the chat you're welcome to do so.
William Ouimet: And that was one thing I was going to address, but if I if I got here in time so.
William Ouimet: You know, and you can open these at a time, while while i'm lecturing or in the exercises feel free to browse around and explore that's part of the beauty, the beauty of lidar exploring.
William Ouimet: letting your curiosity get the better view and finding new and interesting features and begin to understand and interpret what you're looking at.
William Ouimet: So, the main one that has to do with both modules both mapping modules is this kind of the main archie is web APP it's got a whole bunch of.
William Ouimet: base map data and some focus areas free to zoom in and focusing on I will draw your attention to those in the coming in the coming hours.
William Ouimet: The other one is we actually have a point cloud viewer so a lot, a lot of you, in your introduction wanting to know more about the data itself and how to manipulate it.
William Ouimet: That does involve software in software that we don't have time to do, step by step instructions so.
William Ouimet: We do a little bit of both I give you some resources and some tutorials that I won't have time to cover, but I also ended but.
William Ouimet: We also will play with the with the point phone so that anybody can manipulate the point, regardless of their software background Okay, because this will work today and it will allow you to manipulate some for examples of point clouds that we have.
William Ouimet: ready for that ready for you So these are the two main viewers that you'll manipulate today for the exercises but i've also wanted one to draw your attention to some some public.
William Ouimet: kind of crowd source mapping initiatives that my group has going that has to do with historic land use features.
William Ouimet: One is for stone walls and the other one is relic charcoal hearts you'll hear more about these in the upcoming.
William Ouimet: And the upcoming modules, but these are these are Community based mapping modules you can literally log on to browse around turn layers on and off and contribute your own shape files and once you do that, that becomes part of the collective Community group.
William Ouimet: New Hampshire rick chrome and has done this as well and there's a great stonewall map of the State of New Hampshire as well, so that, so there is there's no software requirement for today, you can do everything in these matters.
William Ouimet: And and but I will say there's limitations so So if you are familiar with GIs and you're used to making your own shape file saving them near computers that's not really the mode that we're using today.
William Ouimet: there's links to all places where the data, the data can be downloaded in the documentation so.
William Ouimet: You should be able to reconstruct the same exact viewers with the viewers and the file links I provide for you in the files, but that's just not the mode that we're going to use we're going to use today okay.
William Ouimet: And like I said i'm happy to entertain questions about that it's quite possible, if you don't know how to do something, and one of your software packages that we have thought of it.
William Ouimet: Somehow i'm happy to contribute and share it share that information okay all right, so that that's the background OK, so now, so now, what I want to do is, I want to launch into.
William Ouimet: Basically, an introduction to lidar and then get into those those data those data details and in our and if everything was on schedule.
William Ouimet: We done with this portion in 15 minutes that's not going to be the case we'll catch up catch up down the road okay.
William Ouimet: So, like like well I like to be motivated like we've already said, you know, we really are are very appreciative of what we're calling this lidar revolution.
William Ouimet: Where it's it's a fundamental transformation of our ability to visualize the earth's surface at at really subset said meter and sub meter resolution.
William Ouimet: And I think something i've talked about this, like the first time, you can look at a map and it comes close to what you can see, on the on the ground walking around.
William Ouimet: there's that level of morphologic kind of nuanced kind of in the data, of course, with the advantage of being able to zoom out immediately.
William Ouimet: have broader context, so you can go, you can go map kind of map scale regional scale all the way down to what is almost a kind of field field scale okay.
William Ouimet: And there's all kinds of applications, you know whether you're interested in just archaeological applications or or applications that have to do with flood mapping.
William Ouimet: Is there's a very important piece of lighter revolution there, and you also have it with natural land forms and so we're going to talk about.
William Ouimet: Land for mapping a lot today and so you'll see you'll see more of these, but this is what we mean it doesn't matter where you are on your surface, you can imagine, using lidar quite significantly.
William Ouimet: To enhance your understanding of that surface and you know it's getting close to being able to do the do similar things on other planetary box okay now it's not only a.
William Ouimet: revolution in ability to see things visualize it's also really an revolution and data access and coverage and availability and this is just one example.
William Ouimet: Of a website distributing lidar and information about lidar data sets this is open topography showing all of the US Interagency lidar inventory coverage.
William Ouimet: On the on the left and then the that data, which means usgs three def specifications in the lower right Okay, and so what you're seeing here is a mosaic.
William Ouimet: Of lidar data sets it really picks up in the last 10 years and in some places on the in the US, we have three four even five.
William Ouimet: Different lidar campaigns, particularly for areas of the coast, where we have coastal hazards and those of us not myself but researchers who have their own devices.
William Ouimet: Drug drone based lidar where that they actually deploy they can they can do drone a drone survey every week, if they want to okay and they're in there are companies that they're transforming this monitoring farm fields.
William Ouimet: Is an application that you see you see people that actually are paying for people to fly lidar consistently over their crop fields.
William Ouimet: So this is really a part of a revolution in the data is everywhere, and this in this is what you see for the coverage for for the Community and any researcher or any State Agency who wants to use potential data.
William Ouimet: For their area can can go here now, this admittedly is focused on on on North America us, in particular, but other countries.
William Ouimet: have similar have similar websites and ways to kind of access that data that it as well.
William Ouimet: Now just stepping back it's really not just a lidar revolution, it really is a revolution and high resolution typography.
William Ouimet: And there are other technologies out there, that really can do similar things so we talked about lidar.
William Ouimet: We talked about as airborne lidar acquiring doing the scanning from an airplane or a helicopter or a drone we also have terrestrial lidar, which is the server.
William Ouimet: surveying basically from a total station or a tripod type type setup and then you also have structure for motion.
William Ouimet: Which is basically a photograph symmetry particularly with drones have the ability, also to create point clouds.
William Ouimet: And so, whether you're scanning with a lighter with a laser sensor or you're actually creating point clouds from sucker promotion.
William Ouimet: You have the ability to derive a bear earth or a ground based a DM that is potentially a very, very high resolution for all kinds of surface mapping and applications and so.
William Ouimet: there's a lot of interesting geoscience applications, you see a list of them here on the right.
William Ouimet: There are numerous papers probably written on each one that you know, Google these and lidar and you will see people studying processes related to it to any one of these.
William Ouimet: These mechanisms and the change detection comes from having more than one high resolution data set, and so you can see those see those applications pretty clearly manifesting itself in the.
William Ouimet: In the literature, do we don't have time to cover all this today, we are focused largely on airborne lidar that the scanning.
William Ouimet: The development of point clouds from the bellies of airplanes and helicopters are covering larger areas.
William Ouimet: When you cover larger area you typically have a little bit lower lower point spacing and so some of these other data sets that you see out there.
William Ouimet: drone based lidar but also trust you a lighter has the has the ability to do you know hundreds of points per square meter.
William Ouimet: Or it really in that and that's a different level of data data processing and ability to image image certain things Okay, and so we're going to be we're going to kind of be largely in this airborne.
William Ouimet: airborne lidar world today, largely on the order of one to five points per square meter allowing you to make you know half to two meter dms pretty easily and pretty pretty reliably okay.
William Ouimet: But, but this is where this is where the revolution really is it's more than just lidar.
William Ouimet: In the US, this is in you hear about lidar to with self driving cars now right this technology this laser scanning is it goes beyond just applications of earth's surface processes.
William Ouimet: In mapping we don't have time to cover all that technology and i'm not intending to get into those details details today.
William Ouimet: Okay, and so pick your area i'm sure we've all seen an image like this i'll do it for Connecticut where you know we can always we always like to the way life used to be.
William Ouimet: With usgs topographic maps, you know prior to prior to the early 2000s, and then, and then the addition of lidar.
William Ouimet: Immediately allows allows you to see so much more high scale morphology and i've highlighted an area here which allows you to see a network of stone walls and building foundations that have to do with.
William Ouimet: Human modification of northeastern landscape.
William Ouimet: Over the last two or 300 years, and so we go from a hill shade lidar from the needy, which basically barely makes out that rich Maybe you can make out some some orientation of some some bedrock fractures to the ability to see as.
William Ouimet: Much margin high resolution features all roads individual boulders probably sticking out above above this above the surface okay and and just for the for the time being, if we go beyond lidar into that.
William Ouimet: Point cloud from DM stereo photo world we get even we get even higher resolution, so this is a sequence put together my Peter leach of a.
William Ouimet: cemetery in Lebanon, where where the middle is the lidar that will talk about today, the airborne lidar the typical for the region versus the kind of D and then you can generate for a cemetery.
William Ouimet: At 27 and even 10 centimeter resolution okay that kind of process only really works if there's no trees and so lighter will always have an advantage over this kind of analysis, because.
William Ouimet: The the point clouds a lot and laser scanning penetrates the tree canopy in a way that really allows us to to see that that bears bears that wouldn't happen with drone based aerial photograph imagery.
William Ouimet: In force a train okay so that's kind of where we are okay So hopefully that the revolution is clear, and there are lots of great visuals and examples of features out there.
William Ouimet: I found this this particular story map leading up to this workshop and I had to show some of the images because they're just so cool, so this is Washington state Washington state geological survey.
William Ouimet: Where they put they put a graphic designer on this, they have some beautiful images, I put a link for this.
William Ouimet: In in one of the documents and so just kind of scrolling through here, these are some landslides not too far from the also also complex from from a few years back, and so landslide mapping is a bit is a big one.
William Ouimet: For a long time fault scarves what was driving a lot of the data early on, was scanning.
William Ouimet: Basically, the eastern California shear zone out West looking for false carbs associated with defamation in the eastern California region.
William Ouimet: And so great examples of fault scarper using lidar to kind of find and recover false carps This is just one that just blows my mind this, these are lava flows.
William Ouimet: From not recent but but enough that they're actually not vegetated by by him.
William Ouimet: And covered with trees, so that you can really see that that refined morphology of these individual lobes of lava flows, you can do this for the recent eruptions in.
William Ouimet: Hawaii as well that was flown for lidar soon after soon after the eruption river processes rivers in general, so this is just the network of a braided.
William Ouimet: meandering system that has all kinds of MIT you know mid mid channel bars, but also flood flood plain channels that really are highlighting the morphology and evolution of an active record or bedrock geology, this is just a place where.
William Ouimet: Highly deformed sediments in the in the coastal sorry and the and the convergence zone of the of the Pacific Arc here.
William Ouimet: You got cooking you can map out the orientation of some of these rocks pretty pretty well just by looking at the morphology of the Rock orientation.
William Ouimet: And, of course, artificial geology and we'll touch on this of course throughout the course of today.
William Ouimet: This these are examples are from out West and they had this really nice visual of just kind of highlighting the connection between some of these classic land forms that.
William Ouimet: We literally see textbook examples of the morphology that we've been drawing in textbooks forever now beautifully expressed in the in the lidar.
William Ouimet: These examples are are from Washington state but you're going to see similar examples over the course of the today, and when we when we think about the Northeast Okay, and of course the urban, suburban.
William Ouimet: landscape as well, which is, which is a little bit of a different type of application, but still very important in terms of the data that that's acquired and shared.
William Ouimet: For these particular these particular landscapes OK, and then so that's That was all out West largely but just kind of bring it closer to home.
William Ouimet: So that the two main sections of the of the workshop today that have to do with mapping have to do with historic man use features.
William Ouimet: And so here's just another example of that connection between what is revealed underneath the forest canopy.
William Ouimet: When you can scan the landscape and penetrate the top most tree canopy and down into the earth and, of course, you see a network.
William Ouimet: of land use activities, and so I caught I, I will focus on mapping historic land use features and what I really mean by that in our stone walls and and other things that tell us where humans were.
William Ouimet: farmstead in our they were using the land for agricultural activities associated with de force the early deforestation of.
William Ouimet: This this region Okay, and of course Janet will also will spend for her segment after lunch we're really focused in on.
William Ouimet: This official geology applications and here's that here's just will show this image will talk about this image later in in in in within the connector valley kind of glacial lake bottom morphology where you see.
William Ouimet: Many, many high resolution features that that wouldn't have been known for a long time, but i've now been able to visualize that some at such greater level okay so we'll talk more about this.
William Ouimet: Over the course of over the course of today so some of the some of the big overview points I would make about lidar these aren't complicated, but I think it's important to talk about is that remember that lidar is just a snapshot in time and it's really.
William Ouimet: My students and I like to call it.
William Ouimet: A landscape palimpsest it really reflects all of the change of that land surface morphology up until the point that that lidar is required.
William Ouimet: And so, certainly if you pick areas that are actually being modified significantly by human activities, whether it's an active.
William Ouimet: marvel Korean canaan Connecticut or you know the the the highway excavation associated with route six and romantic you know some decades ago now.
William Ouimet: You see, you see those imprints and those manipulations and those modifications to the bedrock geology but also.
William Ouimet: The superficial geology reflected in the lidar Okay, and so you always need to have this lens of what am I looking at what would timescale, a modification of from all the way from the basically the initial bedrock.
William Ouimet: Through the surface of geology and Akrotiri history, all the way into the anthropogenic modifications.
William Ouimet: That begin, you know, in the Paleo time all the way through the anthropocene time and nowadays Okay, and then what example I like to show that really highlights is nicely is is from from Connecticut but here, you see.
William Ouimet: Basically, in a long gate bridge which is probably which was modified by glacial.
William Ouimet: glacial deposition in erosion that had a beautiful network of stone walls kind of built built on top of it and there's a there's a building foundation, and then you have the over print of a.
William Ouimet: Connecticut national golf course Okay, so you can see that the three very different distinct clears the layers of time.
William Ouimet: That are reflected in the lidar and depending on where you look you're going to see an overpayment of one.
William Ouimet: versus the other, so this is important because, because when we go when we start wanting to interpret what we see on the land surface, we often.
William Ouimet: We often see all of these aspects of the topography from the older all the way to more recent and so it's important to have this notion of.
William Ouimet: Of layers of time, as you look at the lidar and some features will be large enough and the morphology is significant enough that that.
William Ouimet: It won't be impacted significantly by human activity, but other features will be small enough and there'll be very sensitive.
William Ouimet: to other modifications and so there's there's always going to be this relationship between human modifications.
William Ouimet: The future you're interested in and then and then and then, when the lidar was flown Okay, so that that's just an overview point i'd like to make an emphasize early early on okay.
William Ouimet: So Okay, then we're going to switch gears now to actually thinking about the the lidar data it's downloading visualizations and limitations okay and there's a lot here.
William Ouimet: Some of you have so version of this introduction before i'm going to try to try to cover a lot of ground here, but again, focusing in getting getting to the point, really, of how we can use lidar.
William Ouimet: As matters, so how to download it and how to work with it in various GIs software packages.
William Ouimet: And then in and always to understand a little bit about the limitations which go back to understanding how the data is acquired, to begin with okay.
William Ouimet: So to to visuals here one Just to give you a sense of of this, these are a system of a scanner with with with GPS technology.
William Ouimet: And there's a lot of work that goes into accuracy issues that have to do with knowing you know base station locations, at the same time that you have very precise.
William Ouimet: understanding of where of where the scanner is on the on the on the movie airplane or helicopter and then tied into.
William Ouimet: Basically, a laser scanner on the belly on the bottom of that of that aerial device Okay, and so it's really a system, and you know we don't have time to get into all of the.
William Ouimet: The error of the error side of things, and the error analysis but that comes with the precision of GPS, in some instances when you see a root means squared error from a lot of these data sets when they get published it's really just about how good they are at.
William Ouimet: matching the true GPS of X, Y amp Z Okay, and so the end so that and again if you if you know anything about that they can't.
William Ouimet: They don't do that everywhere, they have some number of GPS points 10s to hundreds that tie in to a point cloud of billions point of billions of points and so it's always tied into those type points.
William Ouimet: Which again are put down and places where there is high accuracy of GPS right so and so that's going to be very different when we're in a dense kind of forest canopy so there's always going to be some disconnect between.
William Ouimet: The error that that the the company publishes versus the the true error of the point cloud, which has more uncertainty associated with it, OK.
William Ouimet: So the way this works, so that we're all on the same page is that we essentially have a laser scanning scanner scanner hitting all kinds of objects beneath beneath the scanner.
William Ouimet: And it's returning multiple return times laser point of points that are basically hitting everything in its path.
William Ouimet: If a bird flies in the scanner it sees the bird the tops of the trees individual.
William Ouimet: aspects of the of the vegetation a structure of branches a tree trunks all the way down to what is actually at the ground surface Okay, and so you end up with a point cloud of data, not just.
William Ouimet: A points for the for the for the ground, but you have the ability to understand and work with the rest of the of the of the point cloud if you if you so choose okay.
William Ouimet: So it really is a three dimensional cloud most typically it's collected in the near infrared part of the spectrum, which helps.
William Ouimet: When it has to do with with vegetation it's also why we find this data in the spring, apart, partly because when there's less less leaves on the tree, we can take advantage of the near infrared spectrum.
William Ouimet: to penetrate pen penetrate the tree canopy but because it's near infrared it doesn't that doesn't penetrate water, and it does not return.
William Ouimet: laser points from watermarks and so you'll always see data holes where there's water.
William Ouimet: Now there are some new lidar technologies there's green light lidar which does penetrate shallow water, and you can actually do the symmetry.
William Ouimet: of water bodies with from airborne lidar but with green light green light lidar that's not as common but you do see applications of it.
William Ouimet: In the area Okay, so the most one of the most important points, I will emphasize today is that is understanding that that that lidar data is actually a point, a point cloud.
William Ouimet: And we derive a DM from that after after a number of steps, chief among them is classifying that point cloud.
William Ouimet: and isolating the points that are defined as the ground or the bear earth as it's called Okay, and in most very, very few people.
William Ouimet: get to the level of actually manipulating that cloud and classifying the data themselves if you have some experience with terrestrial lidar.
William Ouimet: And cook it yourself, you will you will appreciate that that this idea that a lot of the time with airborne lidar it's flown by companies.
William Ouimet: With a whole number of remote sensing specialists and an algorithms at their at their ready to process and classify the point cloud very sophisticated, this is a whole kind of Rule set.
William Ouimet: That goes into how the point cloud is classified and ensuring that an accuracy issues associated with with that classification, we don't have time to go into that and I hope nobody has to get that deep.
William Ouimet: Again, if you if you've ever had to deal with your own white clouds, you will have to think about this, because you will need to classify points of some type.
William Ouimet: To be able to manipulate them, I can point you to some software packages if you're interested in that.
William Ouimet: las tools is the best one that I know of that allows you to take a point card and kind of change classification and re manipulate classifications of as part of the of the lidar processing.
William Ouimet: But from this from from the processing and the classification of the point cloud comes some number of ground classified points, and so what you see here on the lower left is an example in one area.
William Ouimet: Of a density of a dense network of points that are classified as ground.
William Ouimet: And they are not uniformly distributed and but, but what we do anyways is we interpolate a DM through all those points.
William Ouimet: At a regularly spaced cell size and so when you when whenever you've seen a one meter DM lidar DM that is coming from a point cloud.
William Ouimet: That technically has some degree of spatial variation in in point spacing and you're averaging out all of that spatial variation when you choose one cell size one meter Okay, then we then derive all of our all those great.
William Ouimet: lidar derivatives, the hillside maps the slope maps all of the other all the other.
William Ouimet: visualization that you might choose to do it to do with that come from the DM which is derived from the point cloud, so this progression is important.
William Ouimet: And you want to understand when you're looking at a hill shape that it's gone through these steps to get to that point.
William Ouimet: The how is classified possibly some issues with classification and then just what what happens to be the distribution of ground around classified points.
William Ouimet: The D and that's derived from it, and then, and then, then, then, that the derivative I call the lidar derivatives.
William Ouimet: Or the DM derivatives and that's what we mean by the hill shades the slope maps the curvature the relief maps whatever you want to make from that individual individual D.
William Ouimet: Okay, so these are just some examples of profiles and not surprisingly, depending on where you are you're going to see different different aspects in these profiles.
William Ouimet: But you can begin to see like the green those green points are the first return, and so, if you have no trees, the first return will be the tops of the tops of buildings, but in some places there's trees Overhanging building so that.
William Ouimet: The upper left it kind of house has yellow points which are secondary or secondary points that were.
William Ouimet: That hit the roof of the House after hit the tree canopy so there's there's all complicated aspects to defining those kind of intermediate points.
William Ouimet: The tops of houses, for instance, are not always the first return that is Contrast that with a valley that may have just a couple brush.
William Ouimet: Some shrubs in it versus some wider fields, and you can see the kind of like the quality of the variation in that point that really reflects what is exposed at the land surface whether it's forest or struck or fields or individual or individual.
William Ouimet: Houses what have you and you can see that in a forest can be that the last return tends to be those red, orange and yellow points.
William Ouimet: But in an open field and the bottom, the first and last return is the land surface it's the actual field field itself.
William Ouimet: just looking in 3D now it just again this sense of just these really are point clouds.
William Ouimet: And their three dimensional things and part of the exercise is to get you a little bit of experience kind of manipulating these point clouds kind of panning around and gain some perspective view here.
William Ouimet: On this particular one is also meant to highlight that you can kind of see the ground surface there, and there is some variation and your ability to visualize the ground surface that's that that's depicted in this in this.
William Ouimet: This particular point cloud the color scheme here is return, where one of the first return, and then the the reds and the fours and fives are the last are the are the fourth and fifth returns.
William Ouimet: depend on the lidar scanner and just how the technology that's at play here, you may have only a couple.
William Ouimet: Of returns, or you may have many more depend on the technology okay same thing now, but this is more, the more common way that you'll look at it, as it pertains to to making DM all the points that get defined as ground and blue versus everything that's unassigned.
William Ouimet: And everything that's that's considered water Okay, and that that and so those three main classes are what I will emphasize with the exercise kind of panning around and seeing the variation.
William Ouimet: that exists within those main to classification classification schemes okay alright, so when this data.
William Ouimet: You can use both the first return and the ground points to make surface rosters Okay, and so the most common ones that you that people make are, of course, the bear earth DM which is just the ground classified points.
William Ouimet: The other one is the first return raster which, if it's if it's all forest, it is also called the canopy model it's basically a surface or raster surface.
William Ouimet: That can be one meter resolution, just like the DM That just shows you the morphology of the top of that can't be the first return it would It would also show the tops of buildings.
William Ouimet: If there were buildings in the scene as well Okay, and so what you see on the left is the bearer vm and on the right is.
William Ouimet: Looking at a combination of both bear earth and the canopy model kind of super impose a nice three dimensional three dimensional sense okay So these are the two main.
William Ouimet: So, so I think I think if you want to get dig deeper and start to make your own vm These are the kinds of vm to to probably most commonly make, and if this was a ecological conference or a forest.
William Ouimet: People who are a group of foresters we might really care about the structure of that forest can be understanding that raster as a good reflection of biomass or have some.
William Ouimet: understanding of forest growth regrow a healthy for us, these are all things that you could possibly do.
William Ouimet: With those canopy models that we don't have we were not going to focus on today because we're geologists who want to know about the bear with morphology.
William Ouimet: Okay alright, so now getting into working with lidar data, so I want to emphasize, because I think that this summary is kind of where most people in this works.
William Ouimet: Where where your head is that and I want to provide some context for all three of these Okay, so the idea here is, is that you know.
William Ouimet: How do you want to work with the lidar do you want to work with the.
William Ouimet: The the raw point cloud yourself, do you want to do those three dimensional visualizations actually begin to query and understand the quality of those ground points and also make your own DNS and the kind of flexibility that comes along with making your own DNS.
William Ouimet: Do you want to work or solely work with process lidar DM tiles This is where the company that is distributing the data will also do.
William Ouimet: kind of like lidar DM processing for all all the data that they're publishing.
William Ouimet: And this often comes with hydro flattening and i'll talk about what that means and that's that's a pretty important step because hydro flattening if you are a hydrologist.
William Ouimet: or a flu geomorphologist interested in river corridors they're important implications what hydro flattening actually means and has, for your your questions.
William Ouimet: Or are you just want to stream as much data as you can as possible and use available image and map services from individual sources to really easily.
William Ouimet: easily share and map around the earth's surface okay so i'm going to cover all these in detail, so the first one make your own DNS.
William Ouimet: Okay, so this is where you go out and you download the data yourself okay and lots of different places to download the data to great kind of.
William Ouimet: US us based ones open topography, which i've already shown you but also digital coast any data set that kind of touch.
William Ouimet: The coastal realm or watersheds that that drain in the coast or state agencies such as CT ECO Emily wilson's efforts to really like I.
William Ouimet: published the full statewide data set for the state of Connecticut Okay, so this is the part of we don't really have time to cover this because.
William Ouimet: We don't have the ability to work with work with individual software packages, but the idea here is you download that the point cloud yourself.
William Ouimet: You use some software package to visualize that point cloud, you can do an Arc map and I give you instructions for how to do that in the folder.
William Ouimet: There are many other software packages surfers one that I know of that I know and i've used, but many other packages as well, some of them are free, some of them are proprietary, but there are ways to visualize that point cloud.
William Ouimet: In those same software packages is also where you would make your own DNS okay.
William Ouimet: And that's the whole point of the exercise that I make I give access to, but we don't have time to recover is if you're if you want to go from your own lidar tiles in to making your own DNS.
William Ouimet: There there's a there's a tutorial there that allows you to go through that okay all right, in the short course materials okay now because it's pretty standard in those same.
William Ouimet: interfaces where you can download the point five, you can often make your own DNA, so you can actually have digital close to make your make a DM for you, based on your premise same thing with open typography.
William Ouimet: Where you where you, you understand a little bit about how it's made and allowing you to kind of manipulate an export a certain a certain a certain certain aspect and i'll cover those important parameters.
William Ouimet: In a second okay so clearly, you have the only way you're ever going to see the point cloud data yourself is, if you go and download it yourself.
William Ouimet: And so i've done that for you, for for examples in Canada, and that is the point of the exercise that we will hopefully get too.
William Ouimet: Soon, and give you a little bit of flexibility and ability to look at a point of distribution to make to make some interpretations Okay, this is just a quick.
William Ouimet: shout out to those individual.
William Ouimet: places where you can download very easily download a point cloud data, this is digital coast, and you can see here like not all the same data is on here, that is, on is, on the other, image I showed.
William Ouimet: A here's the example for open typography kind of zooming in zooming in and the way these work and they literally you zoom in you draw your your region of interest.
William Ouimet: And it will it will allow you to which which data set do you want of because there may be more than one lidar data set.
William Ouimet: And for this my recommendation would be working very small scales, because this data gets very large very quickly, so you do not want to even you will never download the point cloud have an entire dataset.
William Ouimet: it's just too much data, which will probably get to the point of maybe a small watershed you know somewhere between five to 25 tiles is pretty manageable on most most computers, but the more the bigger the bigger you get.
William Ouimet: The bigger the file size and that you know have millions and millions of points that are that are there indeed harder to process here.
William Ouimet: So about those parameters this example i'm showing is from the digital digital coast interface when you go and download.
William Ouimet: or trying to download the data from digital coast you, you can choose to download the las file, which is the raw lidar DM.
William Ouimet: Or you can have them make the DM for you and there's two important parameters that tie in to the flexibility that I want to emphasize here.
William Ouimet: One is the grid interpolation method and then there's also cell size so cell, and this is important so size is not a given for any of these.
William Ouimet: What typically happens is based on the specifications of the ground point spacing somebody says.
William Ouimet: We believe this is this that one meter dmz a reasonable for this data set because it meets these criteria.
William Ouimet: Okay, nobody says, you have to work at a one meter DM for that data set, though.
William Ouimet: Sometimes the point cloud is better and you could even we can even work at half meter if you want it sometimes the point cloud is lower is has more very more variable and so maybe a lower resolution is is is.
William Ouimet: As relevant so here if you make your own DNS you do have more flexibility, and you can make your own you can make you can make your own you can choose your own cell size for that the export the export of the DM.
William Ouimet: The other one is the grid interpolation minute remember this always goes back to interpolating points.
William Ouimet: And there's different different ways to integrate what happens when you have 10 points within one within one meter pixel which is trying to be interpolated.
William Ouimet: There are different methods for for averaging out those statistics, whether it's minimum maximum minimum.
William Ouimet: itw or what have you, and so you can play with this and there are some reason to think minimum might be best because that takes the lowest.
William Ouimet: The lowest point within that point that one square meter because that one's most likely to be true ground where some of the ones that are slightly higher could be shrubs or things that are sticking up above the land surface.
William Ouimet: So there is a reason for some applications for fine scale feature mapping that you might want to use minimum.
William Ouimet: The minimum method, because it's getting the lowest points that are available.
William Ouimet: And again, this is when you have multiple points within one square meter or one cell size that that you choose Okay, so that that is important.
William Ouimet: than I absolutely want to make sure that's clear, so I there's two different, this is the instructions for digital coast if anybody gets to the point of doing this.
William Ouimet: In the Ark tutorial that I provide this is where you set the same parameters within within the Ark.
William Ouimet: The Ark js atmosphere okay same idea you set the cell size and you set them how it's been in an averaging averaging the points okay So what does this.
William Ouimet: So what does this, how does it relate to point space and quality, so not all our data sets are created equal.
William Ouimet: This is just one way of looking at quality, this is the same network and patchwork network of lidar campaigns, where i'm trying to show you best available or highest resolution available lidar data, and so what you see here is a blue for this tip this what's called.
William Ouimet: specification kewell to which meets the specifications of a minimum one meter D.
William Ouimet: Whereas green meets a minimum Point five D M and yellow minimum of two two meter a DM and so that that you may have heard that before que El one, two and three.
William Ouimet: That basically relates to the scanning quality of the data set and then ultimately what kind of a DM you can create from that from that data set okay.
William Ouimet: So, going back to what cell size should you choose you know basic I would at a minimum want to understand what the base specifications for the data data set are and they do vary, and they have very through the years.
William Ouimet: So that in 10 years ago the day since we're different than they are now in this kewell one, two and three.
William Ouimet: specification and now it's much more relevant to more recent data sets we actually can't go back to the innocence are acquired in the early.
William Ouimet: 2000s 10s and we can do equivalent of ul to but we don't we didn't there was the criteria didn't exist back then okay so so again, and this is again just focused on the Northeast.
William Ouimet: The New England states and New England, because that's where I spend all my time, and this is not showing where there are multiple data sets.
William Ouimet: per per campaign Okay, so what happens when you make different size dmc have the same point cloud well.
William Ouimet: You get a more or less blurry image and here's just an example, some stone walls, a road in the Foundation and what happens when you take the same point cloud.
William Ouimet: And and and interpreted different size deals from it Okay, and you can see how how this relates to the quality and this is the same image, but but showing you a little bit actually showing the point cloud.
William Ouimet: In the lower right here, so you can kind of relate.
William Ouimet: How how that how those pixels and the interpretations relate to the actual point cloud Okay, and you can see how to improve our profiles.
William Ouimet: You know the principle of smoothing averaging will apply, so that the lower resolution that you choose the more blurry but also.
William Ouimet: The more averaging out that you're doing in between pixels and therefore you're not how your edges aren't as sharp okay.
William Ouimet: But, but this this also to me emphasizes that you know the half meet the half meter DM was good enough, and you can actually see.
William Ouimet: You can see the individual seller walls essentially of that building foundation resolved, because there was no data points in the point conscious to show that OK so moving on to the second one.
William Ouimet: He basically working with process lidar tiles So this is the idea that.
William Ouimet: Many places make not don't necessarily make the lidar data, the point clouds available, but they may only make.
William Ouimet: The DM tiles they're smaller they're easier to distribute so you'll see a lot of people just sharing individual or the ability to download individual tiles this example is from CT ECO.
William Ouimet: town of mansfield or yukon is where i've downloaded all of the individual DM tiles.
William Ouimet: And i've gone I mosaic my own do okay so basically now i'm i'm working with the data that was that was a distributed i'm no longer making my own DNS but i'm going along with whatever resolution, it was made from from the process of.
William Ouimet: Publishing the data set Okay, and this, this is something that you, you might be more interested in doing.
William Ouimet: Is that covering ground now why would you why would you go ahead and do this rather than stream, the data well i'll talk about that in a second but.
William Ouimet: You do it whenever you have the data locally, you can do more analysis with it, so you have the ability to critically evaluate the topography run your own our toolbox algorithms on it.
William Ouimet: With the data only if it's hosted locally that gets much harder if you're hosting it over over the server now the most important aspect about this data is that again.
William Ouimet: Not only was the data classified, but it was also hydro flattens So this is the principle that you know they want they want the water to be flat, and they want rivers to be continuously downstream, and so what you see here are examples of.
William Ouimet: What the what the hill shades look like after they've been hydro flattened on the left.
William Ouimet: there's a river, but also there's a pond and then on the right, you see the before and after you see the DM that you would fit from the ground points, if you didn't hydro flatten versus the D and that that gets.
William Ouimet: That gets interpolated when you do hydro five, so the way to do this, is that you, you draw a Polygon around the future, and then you force that that.
William Ouimet: That Polygon to have all the same elevation so that when you interpolate it will be forced to interpolate a flat surface okay so.
William Ouimet: So these technically become digital terrain models, when you do that, so if anyone's ever been interested about what a DM versus the dt em is a DM is what you generate just from the data that you have.
William Ouimet: dt em is when you manipulate that data with with extra information and now it's a digital terrain model that incorporates the ground points but also brake lines are associating with.
William Ouimet: With water bodies, and so you can see, you know it so i'm not sure how many times have you seen images like in the lower right where you know my river looks like that, as opposed to being flat and.
William Ouimet: Imagine join a profile for that or you're thinking about river gradient if that was your DM.
William Ouimet: If that we can that's going to be an issue that's your application Okay, so that that's that's an important part of that so not much more to say about that, because that leads into the next one, which is this notion of streaming lidar mosaics via image and map services.
William Ouimet: just keep it on time here, so this is, this is what many people i'm sure have done, and this is where we take advantage of all the great work that's being done by GIs agencies around the country and the region.
William Ouimet: Where they're publishing image and map services and they're publishing these data sets so that people can use them and to stream them into whatever web or js application that they have.
William Ouimet: And there's some nuances and some differences here I don't need to go go into it too much, but not not everyone does it equally.
William Ouimet: In some people make it easy to manipulate the derivative some people some agencies, make a little bit harder and I know we have we have somebody from maine who argued about how well the.
William Ouimet: main data is viewable you know I really make a plug for all the region being very open and and and their data sharing, but sometimes you need to dig a little bit deeper and do a little bit more to get the Program.
William Ouimet: To get the variable that you want so slope, is a good example, when I like slope a lot.
William Ouimet: And for slope, you know not not all the agencies, give you slope, they give you the DM and the hill shade, but not the slope, so you need an extra step for manipulating.
William Ouimet: Those image services for for publishing that those those slope maps but here's here's one example of seven states in the region and how they are distributed data.
William Ouimet: And so many of you may have looked it looked at viewers, so this is connecticut's viewer anywhere on your on your iPhone iPad or on your laptop you can just go in.
William Ouimet: You can hit this little button in the upper left here to to access your GPS location, and it goes, and it will show you where you are, and with that hill shade.
William Ouimet: It gets so common, though, that you may have seen this and all kinds of other matters to like this is the the town of mansfield this is where I, this is my house right here are my property.
William Ouimet: This becomes this it's one of the base map players as part of some other mapping initiative so lighter is permeating.
William Ouimet: Is permeating much more than just the geoscience applications but it's becoming a standard base layer that you may you may see without even realizing that you're looking at the lidar.
William Ouimet: Okay now getting back to the region so, so this is what you're I was able to do, and we can do from all of the regions of data sources so if you go ahead and skip ahead and the workshop and go to.
William Ouimet: The original charcoal hearth mapper that's the one map right provide that has all of this data streamed in.
William Ouimet: So this, this is the one I like this one, the best because you can go anywhere in the northeast and in these six six or seven states.
William Ouimet: And browse around and look at land service morphology look at the hill shade, and in some cases, look look at the.
William Ouimet: Look at the slope map and then, but when you look at the slope map you'll see Massachusetts is one of those States that it's harder to get that slope map.
William Ouimet: Just because of how they have they have chosen to distribute their map and image an image surfaces okay.
William Ouimet: So this, this is a really fun one So if you if you want to do this, go to this viewer you can go anywhere just pan around the whole region and have access to the the slope and the hill shade for for that region okay.
William Ouimet: And this is part of the the work by my Grad student Jiangsu who's who's in attendance today.
William Ouimet: really helping me bring all this together Okay, so that that that's a little bit about map services, so those three different ways that you that you might access there's visualizations.
William Ouimet: That that are important to that important to emphasize here, we talked a lot about hill shades I like to do hill shades at two different sun angles, because I getting.
William Ouimet: Basically, from the Northeast in the southeast sorry northeast Northwest two different aquarium orthogonal.
William Ouimet: Sun angles, but there's also topographic slope, which I mentioned, but in the literature there's a lot more to people have talked about.
William Ouimet: Things like openness and sky view factor and curvature as other examples of basically manipulations of dms and there, if you look if you dig closer.
William Ouimet: they're basically derivatives of hill shaped like like sky view is like taking all eight hill shape hillside angles and averaging all of them out together.
William Ouimet: And so, basically, it gives you a sense of just how open and exposed spark vs vs closed and confined.
William Ouimet: And so there are different applications to this land, you know there's some nice papers on landslide mapping based on top graphic openness, because it really emphasizes that that type of graphic roughness aspect of it.
William Ouimet: And so, this, so I do have to size, and this is one thing one extra step that you may not have done.
William Ouimet: In your visualization of D of lidar is to this consider different hill shade angles, so this is the same scene, where the Northwest and the typical Northwest and the left and the North East on the right.
William Ouimet: And you know it takes some time getting used to it because we're so used to that Northwest orientation of sun.
William Ouimet: But you can kind of see certain features get accentuated differently, based on that son angle so that's one thing you'll see an all.
William Ouimet: On all of my web maps that we've created is that you want the ability to manipulate the slope map, but also the the two different shape shows hill street angles.
William Ouimet: And then, this is just a slightly different way in Arc you can you can things like Z factor and filtering which again is just taking the statistics of of the.
William Ouimet: Of the raster that you see in front of you whether it's a hill shade or a slope map and then just trying to accentuate those statistics in a meaningful way so.
William Ouimet: So you can kind of scale or play with the Center deviations those manipulations aren't standard, because you can usually change the parameters and art, but there are other ways to kind of highlight.
William Ouimet: And accentuate the morphologic variation that is going to be inherent to a hill shade or or slope map okay so just got coming to coming to a conclusion now.
William Ouimet: Just kind of some other cool visuals here so here's one one comparison of the same area in Massachusetts in western Massachusetts where we have both que El one.
William Ouimet: Which is the necessary Q out to and q3 data secure three is the minimum two meter resolution and que El two is the minimum one meter resolution, and you can see.
William Ouimet: The two different point clouds the hill shades that are derived from the DM it's made from those point clouds and you can kind of see not surprisingly there's essentially a blurry.
William Ouimet: blurry and effect, overall, but as you as you try to narrow in your focus certain areas that they're certain small scale features that are not even picked up and one versus the other.
William Ouimet: And so again, so how good you know so we'll talk about this today.
William Ouimet: You know how what differences two universes one meter have for mapping land form is versus what does it have for mapping stone walls.
William Ouimet: Well, the features are very different sizes so clearly it's more important for find scale feature mapping than it is for broader scale, when form land form mapping okay.
William Ouimet: example in Connecticut where we have two different lidar data sets both were.
William Ouimet: Have the equivalent of kewell to, so there are approximately one meter dmz there here's a slope map highlighting some stone walls.
William Ouimet: And some charcoal hearts, and you can kind of see it just the sharpness just how much better that that data set is on the right and again it's the same they're both kewell to.
William Ouimet: But, but if there are six years apart so slightly different scanning technology and different resulting point cloud different companies different processing algorithms.
William Ouimet: These are the kinds of variations that you might have from data set data Center data set okay.
William Ouimet: And just to kind of emphasize, you know so here this, these are charcoal heart and stone walls in a in a pretty higher higher.
William Ouimet: Higher gradient higher stoke slope landscape here's the same thing in a lower slope landscape in williamstown Massachusetts.
William Ouimet: Where again in the lower left hand corner, both you can hopefully make out some circular depressions are circular platforms that are charcoal horse.
William Ouimet: But because it's a lower slope topography, the impact of one versus two meter is more significant and it's harder to see features in the low slow portion of typography when you have when you have that.
William Ouimet: Basically variation in point cloud and point cloud space okay so i've been talking about limitations throughout just to summarize just to summarize them here.
William Ouimet: You know this will launch very soon right into the exercise to get you to think about the point cloud a little bit.
William Ouimet: But this notion that limitations and wide are not penetrating water because of the wavelength of energy that the scanners have.
William Ouimet: But just importantly the impact of vegetation and time of year, so this is just the lower part portion here is something I will emphasize this is typical point cloud spacing in Connecticut when you have mixed forest type conifers.
William Ouimet: versus deciduous trees and you can see depicted nicely just how variable those point clouds of points are as a function of the of the forest type because the forest type impacts, the point cloud and the ability to have many points on the ground surface okay and.
William Ouimet: In this is always flown in the spring, for that reason to maximize coverage of the of the ground surface and penetrate that that deciduous tree canopy.
William Ouimet: There are other sources of error that we don't really have time to talk about today, but you know if you're interested in.
William Ouimet: You know you'll see that you'll see it in some of the data set you have like lines of higher density points.
William Ouimet: And that's coming from the flight lines that the planes are flown in a certain direction and there's overlap on either side of the Cone.
William Ouimet: So there's actually pieces of very high resolution data, because you have higher point spacing where the where those overlap, but there's also issues.
William Ouimet: With co registering them and so some of the data sets will have lines that don't really make sense in the middle of the hill shade, but that it, but if you if you dig into the point cloud that's right where a seam is between two point like.
William Ouimet: To to fight lines OK, and then so just so that so i'll end with this kind of emphasis on on this kind of variation So this is the same sequence looking at variation and ground point spacing from vegetation.
William Ouimet: The Brown is the is the is the ground points and then you'll see the depiction on the arrow typography on the left.
William Ouimet: And then the resultant DM and hill shade on the right, and you can hopefully see very clearly there's that tending and that weird interpolation impact if ever you've seen this by looking at the lidar you are looking at.
William Ouimet: At very variable ground point spacing or quality variable quality and point spacing so always have that moving forward it's going to be pretty important.
William Ouimet: just another example of the same feature here's the here's looking at one tile just what kind of variation are we talking about will.
William Ouimet: Look, you know from anywhere from zero so this one was published it says, I think of one to four points per square meter nominal point spacing of point seven meters per per per point.
William Ouimet: Right, but then, when you go to calculate this in one tile you see variation of all I have to chew on average right, and so this is just reflecting flight lines and variations and.
William Ouimet: tree type but also various and water, too, because water leads to the low point spacing and when it comes to feature mapping that that variation may be pretty important and just.
William Ouimet: Imagine yourself trying to delineate where the stone walls are in this image and having the having the the underlying point cloud be so variable that that the morphology is changing.
William Ouimet: It but in the field, the features absolutely there and then ground meditation can also be an issue, so I have seen this a little bit as well to two different campaigns.
William Ouimet: Both flown in the spring, but one was a little bit more understory.
William Ouimet: vegetation than the other, a little bit more of an artifact of that basically that understory impacting the ground, the ground point.
William Ouimet: And the delineation of those ground points okay basically that these shrubs and these these bushes aren't as thick enough to really allow for.
William Ouimet: A lot of differentiation of the point cloud so you're going to see some some some some roughness that just may be related to that okay so last last overview slide here.
William Ouimet: So know the progression hopefully i've talked about it and it's very clear to everyone know how there's variations and how to work with the data.
William Ouimet: Hopefully, this has been a good overview of those different methods and those way to do that.
William Ouimet: can't emphasize enough that quality does vary in so from this point forward, I think the qr one two verses three will be something that we all get exposed to.
William Ouimet: But really what that just means it's about point spacing that has to do with a lot to let the lighter scanning.
William Ouimet: And there's can be a lot of internal variation of point spacing do a variety of factors independent what you are mapping and how high resolution you want to go.
William Ouimet: You may care more or less about that about that about that issue and then, if you ever get about to make your own DNS.
William Ouimet: You will be able to set your own your own DNS resolution Okay, so that that was about 45 minutes for the lecture part it was a lot to cover, I know, but I wanted to cover because I thought it would be a great overview.
William Ouimet: So what I want to do is switch gears so I want to where they want to do is what I would love to do is if everyone went ahead and kind of opened this point cloud or insert this this particular point cloud viewer.
William Ouimet: In started to kind of play around with it, but I also will so some people can transition to just doing that.
William Ouimet: And I think we can just transition to asking questions and discussion, right now, too, so we can kind of.
William Ouimet: achieve both this particular assignment was not the next two are more like go spend some time mapping.
William Ouimet: make some progress, get some feedback or that that's how the other to work this one's more of a of an explorer I have some prompting questions that have to do with this, so what I would do is I would open the viewer.
William Ouimet: Make sure you understand how to how to browse around and use it a little bit.
William Ouimet: And then begin to explore the three different.
William Ouimet: The three different areas that I shared to you, and then I think, on the second page of the instructions in the folder.
William Ouimet: have some have some prompt questions and they basically are those are my take home points.
William Ouimet: And they do tie really nicely into what I just talked about so it's this part is like take some time to play with the data to explore it to kind of kind of solidify your understanding of the of the point cloud and how it might relate to making.
William Ouimet: Making the items Okay, so if you're looking for this link go into the go into the files so in folder to there's a there's an exercise and instructions both PDF and document go ahead and open that open that up and on file copy this link in.
William Ouimet: This is the beauty, I really hope this works.
William Ouimet: we've tested this out, I had colleagues from around the country tested it out last night it's it's amazing how how good this is i'm really hoping hoping it will work well for us today okay so i'm going to stop talking there for a minute take a breather.
William Ouimet: What I want to do is, if you don't if you don't want to be bothered and you just want to play go ahead and turn your volume down or even unmute yourself.
William Ouimet: If you want to ask a question i'm going to i'm going to stop sharing.
William Ouimet: And i'm going to go to the chat.
William Ouimet: And so yeah so good, so people are chatting, which is good, I haven't seen any of that, so I would go ahead and raise your hand and or ask a question in the dialog box.
William Ouimet: If you if you have questions or discussion points about the lectures otherwise maybe we can have a dig into didn't dig into the assignment a little bit.
William Ouimet: And one thing I did not mention is that we did not, we did not use breakout rooms for this kind of stuff because they were too hard to manage.
William Ouimet: So what I would prefer you to do is just manage your volume and you're muting to your desirability So if you want to.
William Ouimet: play and have the volume, on the whole time and just listen to what everyone's talking about that's fine if you don't want to be distracted.
William Ouimet: By minutia that someone might be asking about go ahead and mute yourself and then i'll put i'll put i'll put a chat or it'll be clear when we're on to the next, the next segment.
William Ouimet: Okay, so and again we're a little behind schedule, but maybe I want to get going at at 11 and for the next part.
William Ouimet: And so, so this but 21 minutes for for a little bit of exploration of these point clouds again there's nothing, do you don't have to hand anything in.
William Ouimet: But I do want you to spend some time to kind of appreciate these point clouds a little bit, but.
William Ouimet: So is the lecture available in the course content that lecture is available in the course content, you should see a PDF and folder number two.
William Ouimet: Okay, so i'll just stop giving overview stuff now questions or comments are are welcome, either by raising your hand or chatting in and i'll let you guys explore the viewer Thank you very much.
William Ouimet: yeah maddie said it's also being recorded that's great, so this is it's an archive of of what.
William Ouimet: So i'm gonna i'm gonna go in and i'm going to turn my I mean i'd be looking directly at the screen now coming up my monitors to the left here but.
William Ouimet: I am here.
William Ouimet: So please do ask questions I know this is the hard part about this virtual format usually we're walking around the room, we can chat we can we can help each other it's a little bit trickier in this virtual format, but I do want to do the best that we can with the time that we have.
William Ouimet: So i'm going to end the show there.
Paul Olsen: I have a quick question.
William Ouimet: yeah who's this.
William Ouimet: wholesome PayPal.
Paul Olsen: So i'm i'm in the viewer.
Paul Olsen: Yet short court point cloud viewer and i'm looking at the rocky Hill and coin.
Paul Olsen: And so i'm curious, can you change the direction of the hillside chaining.
William Ouimet: Okay, so.
William Ouimet: Okay, so which which which viewer are you in.
Paul Olsen: northeast GSA 21 2021 lidar short course slash private.
William Ouimet: Space you're in the main web map Okay, so at so in the layers on the Left yeah.
William Ouimet: I give you both dms for the state of Connecticut there's so in the in the layers there should be a northeast Northwest look at our he'll shade and ne ne liner hill street you can't dynamic.
Paul Olsen: I see Northwest but i'm not seeing north east.
William Ouimet: Let me just let me just go.
Paul Olsen: I can share my on maybe I can't share my screen.
William Ouimet: Let me just go man, so the nom nom doing the managed 1000 different files, at a time.
Paul Olsen: yeah I know.
William Ouimet: So you are in your ear actually in the main, the main, the main one right.
Paul Olsen: Right, so should I go to the one that that matty just sent.
William Ouimet: Well, the one I just said is is the is the point cloud viewer which is that's typically a 3D web web APP the other one of your talk you're referring to is, it is a 2d want.
Paul Olsen: To do is just to do yeah yeah.
William Ouimet: So, again I don't.
William Ouimet: i'm sure people will start we'll start complaining about how slow or fast, it is i'm not sure how it is for everyone.
Paul Olsen: fast enough, I mean it takes a little while to come to full resolution but it's okay.
William Ouimet: And yeah and I didn't I didn't mention this, but we all have.
William Ouimet: That that map is all individual to us, we can banner pan around, but we are all accessing the same data so technically somewhere somebody processing the data over server quite quite fast okay so yeah so if, when I see the Northeast GSA 2021 letter short course may map away may web underneath.
name.
Paul Olsen: Sorry.
Paul Olsen: i'm not seeing the main.
Paul Olsen: main anything.
Paul Olsen: I went to the link that was in your.
Paul Olsen: text.
William Ouimet: i'll copy the one i'm in.
Paul Olsen: Right now, so that you okay thanks.
Paul Olsen: just put it in the chat.
William Ouimet: Right, so this is the one just state of Connecticut it has the coterie geology the bedrock geology the hill shade the slope map the strike in depth and and the slope so.
Paul Olsen: Nothing is showing up.
William Ouimet: yeah it takes it from for me it took a second for this to load.
Paul Olsen: No i'm not i'm not getting any anything that no link in the chat or anything.
William Ouimet: Oh, because I did the thing that they told me not to do I someone direct messaged me.
Paul Olsen: So I had your direct messages back I get yeah.
Paul Olsen: yeah everyone everyone yeah yeah yeah perfect, thank you, thank you.
Paul Olsen: Okay.
William Ouimet: i'll take a second to go back back through the questions I don't know if there if there were many other questions.
Paul Olsen: haha.
William Ouimet: So Thor asked me what a tile is so that that's just the it's arbitrary length usually one kilometer one kilometer Thor that is basically file management length, so that they can distribute.
Paul Olsen: yeah there we go.
William Ouimet: per share and share.
William Ouimet: files that not too large, of a size and so when you go download raw data you download tiles of a DM or tiles and hill shade that are basically a one kilometer one kilometer extent and no larger.
Paul Olsen: So this looks a bit more, and I use the national makola and the hillside they have something called hillside stretched.
Paul Olsen: What did what do they mean by stretch i've never understood that.
William Ouimet: So basically stretching is a principle of essentially taking the statistics in the raster at hand and basically manipulating how you go from color ramp.
William Ouimet: To to value Okay, so in a hill shade, for instance there's a lot of Gray muted values so most of the values are kind of in a mid range Gray.
William Ouimet: So you don't have a lot of white and you don't have a lot of Gray, for the Gray scale, so what you do is you basically fit a nominal.
William Ouimet: Typically, just fit like a bell curve, to the data and then you you stretch the variation for one Center be plus or minus one standard deviation to the full range of the color and.
William Ouimet: So you go from a muted Gray, to a true white white white to black.
William Ouimet: is basically stretching so.
Paul Olsen: So I understand you're stretching the gamut yep.
William Ouimet: And this is this is super frustrating, because there are a lot of defaults that are built into a lot of a lot of GIs software like a DM, for instance.
William Ouimet: Like I I my nitpick is that it always comes in maximum and minimum sorry sorry it always comes in standard deviation and it makes makes the highest points look like mountains like like tops when they're really not.
Paul Olsen: Is that why, when I go from if i'm in one one pay one view in.
Paul Olsen: The national map and then move lateral.
Paul Olsen: It gives me a slightly different range.
Paul Olsen: yeah because the standard deviation for that entire data set.
William Ouimet: Well that's so that that's that's dynamic display that that's more dynamic thing that's taking the statistics that's only visible in.
Paul Olsen: Right.
William Ouimet: So so so if the statistics are set by the whole roster it will never change right, but if the statistics are changed by the current display extent.
William Ouimet: The colors can change, and so, for this for our map or our main web map we do we do typography that way as you zoom in on typography the DM colors change so that you can see that the maximum minimum is specified according to the maximum and minimum in the actual.
William Ouimet: accent.
Paul Olsen: So that means when I do what I am talking too much, but what I do when I make a map and I take different segments off the national national map and I try to composite them into a on top of quadrangle maps yeah the range is slightly different from your.
Paul Olsen: place.
Paul Olsen: from place to place and makes it.
Paul Olsen: Okay i'll shut up now so other people.
William Ouimet: know these are good points, because the other thing that's also frustrating is that when when somebody publishes the hill shade.
William Ouimet: Sometimes there there's a locked in stretching that you can't change, and there are parts of the stretching that I don't like because it over shades the darker areas.
William Ouimet: And that's because that particular stretch was was almost went too much the other way right and so so having the ability in Arc map or some jazz effort to manipulate the stretch is probably ideal.
William Ouimet: But the trade off is that you can cover a lot of ground with the stream and the stream data.
Paul Olsen: So the Connecticut lidar hillside north east.
Paul Olsen: that's it.
Oh.
William Ouimet: No.
Paul Olsen: It isn't mine oh wait, I know I have the elevator nevermind.
Paul Olsen: yeah turned off salvation.
William Ouimet: So Steve s has a cartoon up so, can you explain what you have Steve.
Steve S: Can you hear me.
Steve S: Yes, okay.
Steve S: So.
Steve S: yeah so when you click on the link that's in the chat.
yeah.
Steve S: So oh.
Steve S: Okay.
Steve S: All of a sudden, that is showing right or no.
Paul Olsen: wait long enough Steve.
Steve S: Oh man, I mean i'm it's clicking around I mean I could do with zoom in and out and it was just yeah that's.
William Ouimet: Usually usually this there are there are some loading times depends on your Internet connection, to be honest, things that we can't I can't I can't control for it at this many users.
Steve S: And then there's also just like.
William Ouimet: Sometimes it comes in, initially it takes some time to load, but the once it's once it's loaded, then you can manipulate it far better.
Steve S: So yeah I didn't say it was loading or anything so.
Steve S: Okay, so I zoom in and there's there's not much number get resolution is it just when you zoom and does it have to load that particular area.
William Ouimet: yeah so I, so I, so I what I would do is that I had collapsed, one of the areas to open on the areas and let's say for the ashford area and then click on that little icon next to all cloud, and that was zoom to that focus area and then that then just wait for that to load in and then.
William Ouimet: Once it loads in you'll have more, the more the ability to manipulate that particular point cloud.
William Ouimet: And I just got a thumbs up for people who are having relative success with this or.
Steve S: So, which one which we have all kinds of ground points you're saying which one we should keep.
William Ouimet: It just doesn't matter they're both the same as I can extend So if you zoom to either one of those extents it'll bring you into the like the focus area of that particular one.
William Ouimet: So i'm getting lots of thumbs up, which is good.
William Ouimet: A week ago, I had no I had no hope that we were going to as a group, be able to manipulate point clouds together.
William Ouimet: In the because they said it's such a powerful way to visualize the point cloud so i'm so happy that we were able to do it and it's actually working.
William Ouimet: And I, we have to thank the the html rgs online Community for making these widgets and these these web methods available and then my student juyuan for spending all the time getting it a troubleshooting it with me so.
William Ouimet: i'm sure the question will come up well, can I get my own mind our point cloud data into this and we can handle that offline and depends, how much programming.
William Ouimet: Or you need to you need to under you need to be able to use rts online, and so you need to get data into our GIs online, so you need an account.
William Ouimet: If you're at a university, like you, can you can you can host that data, so there is ways to use this as your primary viewer if you do not want to use Arc but if, but if you have that ability, you probably have the ability to work with Arc map and have your own data.
online.
Andy Fallon: It will, I have a quick question just about the.
William Ouimet: Andy how are you.
Andy Fallon: i'm good about the point assignment so like right when it's when it's assigned as ground or water or unassigned.
Andy Fallon: yeah right and one of your slides you have you know kind of points showing as it's going down through a tree canopy right there's multiple points depending on where it's hitting branches or otherwise.
Andy Fallon: is basically everything in between that's not assigned as great as ground or water unassigned regardless of elevation differences.
William Ouimet: Correct correct.
William Ouimet: With the exception of errors like if a bird flew under they probably process that stuff out.
William Ouimet: And so there may it's they've probably done some other filtering and processing to get things like once they have a good sense of the canopy making they can model it if they're points that are above the canopy.
William Ouimet: they'll actually exclude them so there's a lot of processing and.
William Ouimet: and classification and manipulation That just goes into making the cloud whether and then whether its first returner last return, but when it comes to these final products, yes, everything everything it's not ground or water is on the site.
William Ouimet: And there's one.
William Ouimet: there's one more class to that there's one called rail, which I didn't have time enough to figure out but I assume that's kind of infrastructure stuff that's over bridges and stuff like that that actually are other things that need to be processed out.
Andy Fallon: So when they're making like a digital canopy model, you know they then sub selecting within that unassigned so that it's specifically like you know the tops of the trees.
William Ouimet: If it's fixed for that one you do first return yeah so to make a canopy model you do first return.
William Ouimet: Okay, and if it's all forest and it is a, it is a canopy model, by definition, but if it's mixed forest field or building it's technically a first return model.
William Ouimet: Which is canopy where there are trees, but it's not canopy where they are, whether or not I actually don't know what it's called I think it's called dts when it's when it's when it's away from away from the canopy so.
Andy Fallon: cool Thank you.
William Ouimet: So I was able to log, so I think again.
William Ouimet: feel free to chime in.
William Ouimet: yeah I may I may push I may push the next lecture till about 911 10 just to get more people time to play because I really don't want to be sitting here talking all day all morning I want Janet to move on to get some time.
William Ouimet: I hope this has been useful to sorry i'm not getting much feedback thumbs up means everything's going well, so I appreciate that.
William Ouimet: So Questions or just data play or any kind of questions about what we've what we've talked about so far i'm happy to entertain.
William Ouimet: It we can go hold off on the feature the feature in the land, the land form parts until those sections, but anything data related or.
William Ouimet: Data streaming or this particular viewer wouldn't be much, much appreciated Okay, but john brooks asked how do you use point cloud images as a screening tool for data manipulation and final interpolation so Jackie explained a little bit better.
John Brooks: Jones there yeah well when I look at the point cloud images.
John Brooks: I think I understand what i'm seeing, but what would be the next step, obviously, there are some of the areas that you have that have very little tree cover some that have a lot of tree cover.
John Brooks: But if you're if you're if you're working on a large data set, you know how do you make decisions about how many classifications according to have, I assume, have a different number of classifications for areas that are really basically terrorists to start with, and then you have.
John Brooks: More classifications, when you.
John Brooks: Have deciduous and evergreen trees.
William Ouimet: Well, I mean, I think that.
William Ouimet: You know the ability to be able to see the point cloud.
John Brooks: Important in your final data manipulation.
William Ouimet: Correct so at a very at a very minimum, what I would want to emphasize is it's like having an extra layer of information that goes along with your interpretation interpretation right so knowing that point cloud.
William Ouimet: And how it varies and how your feature may be related to that right, and certainly confirmation that a an area has very, very dense point cloud.
William Ouimet: Is is great to know and give you confidence that you that you can make an interpretation interpretation but inversely, if you didn't have high coverage.
William Ouimet: You would be confident you could question an interpolation so So yes, very advanced people could actually take a point cloud even a classified Point five.
William Ouimet: And then, like crop out the area of a field, knowing that the field has very dense very dense points, make a very, very high resolution topography map and then do something with it, you know map.
William Ouimet: Crop crop erosion or modifications that that scale right and that would be different than then cropping out or isolating lower resolution parts and making different resolutions.
William Ouimet: You know I don't know many people that do that, but I would just emphasize the connection and always having the resource at your fingertips, if you need it.
William Ouimet: To critically evaluate the point does it does that help I mean I don't think I would go and and heavily manipulate things I would make the DM I would make this the hill shade, just like you're just like you're viewing.
William Ouimet: But I would I would certainly appreciate the connection between the ground point quality and the.
William Ouimet: And ultimately, the hill shade, which is in real estate is will influence your internal inter interpolate interpretation sorry so much your interpretation is based on what you're seeing with your eyes would that he'll share.
John Brooks: That.
John Brooks: That makes a lot of sense so it's kind of just a question i'm.
John Brooks: Evaluating kind of I don't want to say garbage that.
John Brooks: The quality of data in in the end impacts, how much interpretation you can do.
William Ouimet: yeah, and I mean I think general practices for all of this kind of mapping is to have companion data as much as you can so having the air photo at your disposal is huge.
William Ouimet: Right, you can toggle that's it that's a swimming pool that's not that's not some archaeological feature right or or stuff like that and that's where it gets pretty.
William Ouimet: It gets pretty important and then so that the point cloud is just another layer of information which is related to what you already have but it allows you to more.
William Ouimet: High resolution spatial query And what about the quality, so I have a question here from.
William Ouimet: I think, Melissa know.
William Ouimet: Alright, so what is the white thing above the water.
William Ouimet: So what is the white thing above the water.
William Ouimet: So do you mean in the air photo or the point cloud.
William Ouimet: This is for on.
William Ouimet: Andrea.
William Ouimet: So while.
It.
William Ouimet: right there good answer Korea that's good.
William Ouimet: Christine had so we have a ground based ladder unit, a new mass right Christine and we're wondering if.
William Ouimet: That sort of thing with these data crap outputs.
William Ouimet: Right, so I don't even want to get into terrestrial lidar scanning and and I don't have a unit, and I have not played with them as much I have colleagues who who've spent a lot of time.
William Ouimet: Doing point cloud analysis with terrestrial and and they have there's a whole suite of pluses and minuses and strengths and weaknesses, the bottom line is is it it's very, very frustrating to process process and vegetation out.
William Ouimet: And so you end up doing things like selecting different parts of the point cloud.
William Ouimet: Making the three three dimensional surface excluding the vegetation and then using that three dimensional surface, which is defined by the non vegetation to then rule out the vegetation right does that make sense, Christine.
Christine Hatch: yeah I think that's what we want to do, because ultimately what we're trying to look at is some really small scale land surface change.
Christine Hatch: Due to some manipulations with a restoration, and so the only way to do that will be to subtract the vegetation, otherwise the vegetation will look like the change we're trying to map.
Christine Hatch: yeah and so.
William Ouimet: I don't do all terrestrial units also take photos to.
Christine Hatch: They can.
William Ouimet: They can yeah so like so so I have so Evan to chair, who was in fragment elegance group up at up at Dartmouth, he spent three years.
William Ouimet: terrestrial lidar scanning like cut banks after I read and he he would talk about it he's done so much of it, and he ended up just focusing, where it was all rock and not all this meditation much better data.
William Ouimet: And much easier, so the minute, you have to entertain cloud new classifying vegetation or or logs or whatever it is within the.
William Ouimet: it's headaches and processing power so so you know if we if you're sat down with a beer, with him, he probably tell you, you know, make sure you really it.
William Ouimet: It always goes back to research design, can you design it differently to really isolate anticipate the processing errors that you're going to have down the road.
Christine Hatch: Maybe Another question is, would it be easier to.
Christine Hatch: Just grab the DNS that we can pull off the drone footage.
Christine Hatch: is not just a better data set and easier one rather than a point cloud.
William Ouimet: Well right so so so he's he's also had using the airborne lidar so some other data set to help you define the surface.
William Ouimet: That, then, let you exclude points so So what we didn't get into point cloud.
William Ouimet: Class classifying but that's what all these people are doing they're like defining surfaces rooftops roads buildings.
William Ouimet: tops of in the air, using those surfaces defined by the point five to then filter out noise right so so.
William Ouimet: Whether it's birds, or just just just just false points whatever so there's a lot of that like internal definition of points it's fitting surfaces and then using those to exclude points to ultimately to ultimately.
William Ouimet: classify which then goes into the point five so yeah so I mean I don't have all the answers on that one that front i'm really curious I we haven't invested in the unit, yet, but there are some groups Dartmouth, a good one, but also i'm.
William Ouimet: The group at indiana Brian the 90s, and he has a postdoc there they they have a drone base lidar and trust Yolanda they're doing, they were doing a lot of scanning they have a whole program there of this so so um I I someday i'll get into that that level but i'm not there yet.
William Ouimet: So a couple people here are talking about the slow connection i'm sorry about that I knew it was going to happen, I knew there'd be probably a 75% success rate here.
William Ouimet: But this is part of this is as to remember the end that the resource is now available to you.
William Ouimet: Whether you can finish it and accomplish what you need to accomplish right now faced in during the workshop time or whether you finished it later today or come back to it, some other day, the resources there for you Okay, and so I just hope that those Internet issues can resolve themselves.
William Ouimet: But um you know anybody in this virtual world can can attest to.
William Ouimet: weirdly consistent at times in the weirdly variable connection speeds and impacts because of it, so.
William Ouimet: So any other any other questions it's getting so it's 1102, so I think I think I think we we did.
William Ouimet: So we were supposed to have an official break in here too, so I guess we're if anybody i'll just start talking again for the next segment at 1110 so keep working keep asking questions or use it as a break, so that we can begin begin again at.
William Ouimet: At 11 so i'm good.
William Ouimet: comes up I like the thumbs up.
John Brooks: Well, this is this is john brooks again, I think, looking at the Connecticut data set and kind of clicking off on the superficial geology map over the edm data.
William Ouimet: So you so you're on the main the main web may not be.
John Brooks: The main main Connecticut.
John Brooks: That was sent out and and.
John Brooks: One thing i've been puzzling with in my use God DNA or lidar data for surface or geology is that.
John Brooks: It can be very, very difficult to delineate contacts deposits, because of you know, post glacial erosion, basically, in large part.
John Brooks: But when i'm looking at the context here overlaid on the on the lidar data.
John Brooks: i'm wondering if what i'm looking out for this artificial geology is the older superficial geology that hasn't been rectified using lidar data because there seemed to be areas that don't make sense now they look like they're till within this the you know, like deposits and I chatted.
John Brooks: you're probably going to talk about this later, but.
jrstone: yeah definitely will we'll talk about that this afternoon, but you are looking at the in the Connecticut Connecticut paternity geology that was published in 2005 before we had lidar.
jrstone: that's why things don't look quite right.
jrstone: And we need to map the wall over again.
John Brooks: And in your attempts to do that have you found that the lidar had a has has.
John Brooks: is helpful.
jrstone: Oh yeah it's.
jrstone: it's incredible if if you need to.
jrstone: Wait until the tell the high resolution lidar shows up I so you have to be zoomed in fairly closely on that view or before you start to see the the really good resolution lidar.
William Ouimet: yeah and that's something that we don't we don't change that that's because to access the data we have to make the distributor has has established pure middle viewing viewing resolutions, so you do have to wait, unfortunately, having to wait to reload.
William Ouimet: So a couple people have asked me about the slides everything I will show and and Janet we have in in the folders there is a file called the slides.
William Ouimet: i've put mine as a PDF so far, not as a PowerPoint i'm happy to share the PowerPoint as well, so that people in their classes can use this data if they would like to but people who are asking about the lecture material, it is, it is in there.
William Ouimet: I just so basically it's all based on the on on the folder so I put there's there's two folders so far for what we've covered the introduction, but also the point cloud and data stuff I put the slides for everything I just went through is in folder one.
William Ouimet: And the slides i'm about to go through will be in folder three and the slides for janet's portion will be in folder for.
Paul Olsen: I raised my hand.
William Ouimet: hey Bob.
Paul Olsen: I wanted to mention that one of my experiences with overlaying the digital geological maps.
Paul Olsen: going all the way from the like the state.
Paul Olsen: State geological maps that you get through national map that are all supposed to be rationalized but aren't quite to each other.
Paul Olsen: The there are two issues that are in play there there's one the original that the accuracy of the original geological map.
Paul Olsen: And then there's the accuracy or fidelity of the digitized geological map to the original and my biggest problem is going with the fidelity of the digital.
Paul Olsen: version to the original geological map so there's sometimes wildly off, I mean they can be off, you can see contacts beautifully in the dms and then geological maps off by you know what amounts to 2030 4050 hundred 200 meters.
Paul Olsen: And it's so so I don't take it they're difficult to do to us that way that the geological maps Connecticut ones are good or very good.
Paul Olsen: Some others like Pennsylvania have some real issues.
William Ouimet: yeah and in our our web map viewer we of course don't have the one to 24 geological maps, we only have the statewide.
William Ouimet: Well, I figured it's technically one to 25,000 right, I think the what the day we have, but we do have that the striking dip measurements that we that maddie and tear and help me help us get into the viewer.
William Ouimet: And, of course, those are point locations that were either.
William Ouimet: Somebody put that on a map it or maybe with a GPS, who knows right and then, then you have some of the issues that have to do with.
William Ouimet: That come along with ultimately putting a point on the map, when you, it is a pretty precise location, because it is a measurement right.
William Ouimet: And how the and I haven't looked closely to see how how often that strike and dip measurement, for instance, lies within what clearly is smooth glacial till as opposed to what looks like a boulder he cliffy outcrop.
No.
jrstone: it's definitely i've looked at that well and.
jrstone: yeah it's definite that those outcrops are not where the outcrop is they're probably you know.
jrstone: Within a.
jrstone: quarter of a mile.
jrstone: don't think that you're going to go to that spot and see necessarily an alcohol.
William Ouimet: yeah that's good.
Margaret Thomas: Oh, if I could chime in here for a matter of perspective, you have to consider what the digital data represents, and so, for those structural symbols all the strike in depth measurements.
Margaret Thomas: Or the trend and plans measurements, those are from the clouds.
Margaret Thomas: So they're not GPS coordinates.
Margaret Thomas: it's not something they're more someone was standing on an outcrop taking a measurement and putting it into a data set so you know it's old style so it's it's digitized from the older maps.
jrstone: it's very useful information, though, in terms of understanding what where you see the rock.
jrstone: morphology this strike rages within the.
jrstone: In the lidar you seal it so beautifully and then it's nice to turn on those things on and and look at it, regionally in a you know zoomed out way and see that those the direction of the strike bridges you're seeing is reflected in the data.
Paul Olsen: It didn't know.
jrstone: Well yeah because maybe that but you know that measurement was a you know was one little tiny fold in.
jrstone: In well.
Paul Olsen: The outcrop working I just did a bunch of math in.
Paul Olsen: Massachusetts and what I learned right away, is that the quadrangle maps that were done on the fit in the 50s and early 60s, you can tell when the geologists fail percent their compass proper declination.
Paul Olsen: because all the all of the strikes are cranked over the same to grow them out versus what you can clearly see an oil.
yeah.
Paul Olsen: And what are you going to do, I mean you everyone makes mistakes and in those days, it was really hard to check with I doing everything.
William Ouimet: Okay, everyone there.
William Ouimet: So i'm going to we're going to hopefully.
William Ouimet: That was fun hopefully the viewers working for most of you, I should have mentioned this, to please get feedback if something.
William Ouimet: is found a typo or something wasn't quite working for you i'm happy to receive the feedback, because I think we will use these resources moving forward.
William Ouimet: So if you have this and just notes down and have some feedback for us that we greatly appreciate it Okay, so now we're going to transition into.
William Ouimet: The part of the workshop where we do to two main modules before and after lunch that have to do with land surface mapping okay.
William Ouimet: And so, both of them come with some some some lecture slides and then both of them come with an exercise that we hope you will try to perform said mapping exercise.
William Ouimet: to convey that you've learned it a little bit and then maybe even contribute.
William Ouimet: Some data Center to the regional to the regional effort to map these some of these features so i'm going to go ahead and turn my slides back on i'm going to.
William Ouimet: disconnect from my monitor that didn't work last time and i'm going to share, I think I think it's good so go back to mute.
William Ouimet: keep talking to each other in the chat if you want I won't really see anything until until I stopped lecturing and we'll have a similar period of like question answer work on exams exams exercises.
William Ouimet: In the coming in the coming minutes this particular segment, I believe, supposed to go to 1230 for lunches that can somebody double check that on the schedule Janet.
William Ouimet: Is it safe havens can even see its profits as well we well, we want to do lunch, and so I think we said lunch at 1230 or so.
Andy Fallon: yeah that's right well 1230.
William Ouimet: And so I don't know how we are in terms of we're a little behind, but I don't i'll probably go quicker through the slides so there's more time for the mapping exercise so enough talking more doing alright so just go over to the PowerPoint slide and share.
William Ouimet: Alright, so my back in presenter mode where you can see the slides.
William Ouimet: Okay, so clearly, I am a GMO followed issues interesting all kinds of applications of live lidar I love the discussions we're having about about mapping, I became particularly involved in this, because i'm interested in essentially studying.
William Ouimet: Basically, the anthropocene or human impacts on landscapes and so what I realized about New England I grew up here, I was very well aware of this is that the ability of the lidar to actually reveal this this network of stone walls in historical archaeology that really speaks to.
William Ouimet: The early anthropocene or late Holocene where we start to see if you modify the land surface in this region Okay, and so this is the appreciation of.
William Ouimet: piercing and below the fan forest canopy and seen that configuration of stone walls and features that really reflect how people mostly.
William Ouimet: Europeans in the post settlement period are using the landscape clearing trees for various activities Okay, and so that's that's where this this this module is really focused in on.
William Ouimet: I am i'm a field geologists i'm very interested in all kinds of field based questions impacts on soils.
William Ouimet: legacy sediment transport and storage and deposition in floodplains and reservoirs and I see all this lidar work as kind of the background GEO spatial analysis that's required to really understand.
William Ouimet: That human impact Okay, so this is a broad topic so this lidar has revolutionized the field of archaeology.
William Ouimet: very significantly and so there's been a lot of press on this there's been a lot of great examples out there of.
William Ouimet: Basically, the cool things that lidar is revealing in the archaeological realm and some of you may have seen this before, but this is the the work that was done.
William Ouimet: In the Central America region for mapping beneath you know beneath the jungle canopy to really to really reveal the intricacies of the Mayan city so it's not so much these.
William Ouimet: These mega mega areas where there's lots of buildings people knew were these were but the what the lidar is revealing is like.
William Ouimet: The dense network of smaller villages and roads and pathways that really reflect the overall Inpatient imprint of the Mayan civilization on on this particular region okay.
William Ouimet: And so, absolutely you know this whole notion of archaeology piercing a piercing beneath the forest canopy and you know really detecting subtle changes.
William Ouimet: In the possibility of talking very subtle changes has really transformed that that world.
William Ouimet: And so we got on this early So the first paper that we published on this was was 2014 where we just said hey look at all the cool historical archaeological features that we can see in the lidar.
William Ouimet: And this this came from just the first time I could get my hands on on lidar for the region, you know I you know a little bit.
William Ouimet: You know bits and D, I think I was teaching up in amherst college when the town of amherst acquired the fort river watershed.
William Ouimet: An Eminence brooke area for their own purposes.
William Ouimet: got my hands on that in the hill slopes literally stone walls so i've always been looking out for this so there's lots of features that are associated with this so in the.
William Ouimet: In the paper we end up just kind of highlighting and focusing how we're using lidar to really reveal.
William Ouimet: This kind of archaeological historic archaeological landscape and you begin to be able to map it out and really understand the configuration of these of these polygons that are historic historic.
William Ouimet: fields for various agricultural and pastoral activities but it's not just of course the individual stone walls it's it's also building foundations and other roads and aspects of the occupation of the land surface.
William Ouimet: And the modification over some you know 10s to hundreds of years because of course the story that we that we know it well well published by.
William Ouimet: Dr thorson books is this notion of the growth of a stone wall as the till begins to be cleared and new stones emerge from the from the soil, because it's.
William Ouimet: it's exposed to greater for a freeze thaw cycles, so these these walls really grow it's the it's the initial clearing, plus the modification of the land surface through time and the growth of those walls.
William Ouimet: as a function of how long these farmstead you're actually being active and, in some cases 200 250 years and other cases much shorter.
William Ouimet: So lots of cool and interesting intricate details about the arrangement of farmstead this was I would kind of chose the most irregularly looking at regular Polygon looking areas to kind of highlight.
William Ouimet: This notion of the irregularity, of the way that people broke up and broke up the land surface delineated fields and boundaries and whether it was property boundaries or individual field boundaries or.
William Ouimet: pens for individual livestock or even cemeteries you'll see that all reflected in this kind of network of stone walls and configuration of these.
William Ouimet: Of these features and so lots of lots of great examples, we obviously.
William Ouimet: have not gone in the field and confirmed everywhere we've mapped, but it is such a fundamental aspect of this landscape, particularly that glacially.
William Ouimet: The glacial till dominated landscape of the of the western and northern Western Eastern Connecticut but also the tilt until domain of.
William Ouimet: The northeast in general you're going to see this connection I need these linear features.
William Ouimet: That are are well expressed, and we see, we see a good expressions of it in and poor expressions and i'll talk about those limitations in the coming.
William Ouimet: In the coming slides but there's a whole host of other features as well that are also can allow some nuance to this this period of time and foundations are one of them.
William Ouimet: These are a little bit more sensitive archaeologically so i'm working with the state archaeologists and some groups of archaeologists in the in the region to really understand how to best distribute this data so.
William Ouimet: We don't necessarily want to make these foundations vulnerable to looting into people going and taking.
William Ouimet: Our cultural artifacts from them so you'll notice that we're not systematically mapping foundations.
William Ouimet: In our matters we're sticking to like the kind of the landscape features that allow us to really kind of reconstruct that the historical and use activity, rather than the individual.
William Ouimet: The individual structures so but but there's and then related to that there's old roads, and you can see some of the stone walls in this this particular road very well built built up.
William Ouimet: largely due to the repeated use and development of that road for many years, this particular area was in use in 1934, and so this probably has a history of 200 plus years of activity.
William Ouimet: And you can see, this network of roads and walls and foundations and there's actually a cemetery at this location is as well okay.
William Ouimet: Some other more nuanced things like corner piles, so this is where we have as as the fields are used into the 20th century, you can see here in the imagery on the lower left.
William Ouimet: You know the the the additional activity of mechanized farming allowed for smaller and smaller stones to be to be more of a nuisance and so.
William Ouimet: corner piles often reflect a certain period of agricultural activity that relates to the later phase prior to complete abandonment.
William Ouimet: When you have more early 20th century farming activity on the on field that probably was a farm field.
William Ouimet: For the previous 100 150 years so again a circular pile of stones in the corner of stonewall line field that kind of owes us to this legacy of land use, but also time because it's a very specific portion of this of this lance history.
William Ouimet: earthen dams and mills there's lots there's lots of these there's lots of evidence and features of.
William Ouimet: features damage damage in our waterways, I forgot to include a picture of beaver dams there's actually a beaver dam at this site that's that's damming up in the upper right but that also looks like a feature that kind of blocks and dams waterways.
William Ouimet: But a beaver dam is characters to be more more more accurate and curved whereas these earth and earth and mill earth and damn and mill structures are very.
William Ouimet: Very straight and then again these preceded the 20th century features which tend to be still blocking rivers today, and even the army corps structures of the 30s and 40s and 50s.
William Ouimet: Which on the flood control structures, those are much more massive and much more easier easier to delineate so again a certain time period of a few modification related to.
William Ouimet: Basically, engineering our waterways to generate hydro power for various various industries okay.
William Ouimet: All well reflected sometimes tied nicely into a foundation a mill adjacent to uh to to these earth and earth and structures okay.
William Ouimet: The other feature that we didn't actually catch in time for the 2014 paper which I will talk about at length today are where we call charcoal hearts.
William Ouimet: same thing as people refer to as a charcoal Mounds before we call them relic charcoal Horace because it's really that it's it's the remnant of the process of making the platform and the charcoal remains and that's a little bit different than the mound of charcoal.
William Ouimet: persisted in the landscape So these are these are circular platforms that were basically places where local callers were harvesting the local hardwood to make to make charcoal.
William Ouimet: For a variety of industries, chief among them the iron industry and Northwest Connecticut but in other places that had ironworks other need for fuel.
William Ouimet: They would have generated that fueled by way of the local forest and so they would have wholesale cleared cleared forest for the production of charcoal leaves a very characteristic land form.
William Ouimet: These anthropogenic land forms and these charcoal hearth platforms that are very easy to pick out pick out in the in the lidar.
William Ouimet: Okay, so armed with those two with all of those features really but really focusing in on those two you know the stone walls in the charcoal hearth.
William Ouimet: platforms, you know i've been really focusing a large on this kind of historic land use initiative documented all of these historical and news features, so that we can.
William Ouimet: know precisely what kinds of historic activity was occurring agricultural activities paschal activities or just kind of.
William Ouimet: Deforestation for for charcoal production and there's implications for how much soil modification, you might expect.
William Ouimet: Based on those different types of land forms soil erosion and the generation of legacy sediments so on and so forth, so so So for me the questions that I have about really querying.
William Ouimet: This this case study of human impact in the northeast really begins with knowing the imprint of that activity which all comes from lidar and our ability to see these features.
William Ouimet: Within within these these dmz and these these raster products Okay, and so I do see these as direct markers of historic land use practices.
William Ouimet: sparklehorse in general, this was an industry brought over from Europe that had been going on for 500 years prior.
William Ouimet: So we really have the the need and desire for this particular skill, which didn't exist in this landscape prior to that really imprinting itself on this landscape, particularly in areas where that fuel source.
William Ouimet: What was needed, and so again just to kind of put some context on on this is that we all, we all, we all kind of know about this in the northeast but really studying.
William Ouimet: This this kind of this wholesale deforestation associated with a population population growth in the post settlement period.
William Ouimet: leading to land being cleared for cultivated purposes, but also for pastoral activities, reaching a peak land clearing somewhere in the middle of the 19th century.
William Ouimet: it's a little bit different depending on where you look more specifically, and then you have a period of kind of abandonment and reforestation beginning.
William Ouimet: It towards the end of the 20 of the 19th century, and certainly into the 20th century Okay, and so so we're really lidar is doing is because we can penetrate the forest canopy and.
William Ouimet: Because the forest are still there, these areas are not have been.
William Ouimet: significantly developed since we're really ability we're really studying this this time period of.
William Ouimet: The forest work cleared, they were used, and now they've been they've been re i've been reestablished in the lighter is so good and penetrating that force can be in really reconstructing.
William Ouimet: In examining that that activity Okay, the charcoal hearth one is not as well known, but you can do a similar plot, as you can for the land use the land clearing what you see here and black.
William Ouimet: projected against the Connecticut land land land cover curve is the number of I have active iron furnaces and Northwest Connecticut and certainly right in that.
William Ouimet: You have a peak iron industry and fitness activity associated with peak land clearing and that's probably when in Connecticut we had peak land clearing associated with.
William Ouimet: agricultural activities and peak land clearing associated with basically a timber harvesting for charcoal production okay.
William Ouimet: And I don't know how many people are familiar with this part of connecticut's history.
William Ouimet: But it's a really it's a really rich and interesting one, and I think the lidar is really illuminating really nicely.
William Ouimet: Just the that particular impact, whereas the stone wall has been an iconic land form in the northeast for quite some time, the charcoal hearth platform I would hope is becoming an.
William Ouimet: A nice iconic platform land form that really speaks to this this particular type of land use activity.
William Ouimet: And that that really was revealed from lidar, this is one of these curiosities What are those features, not knowing what they are.
William Ouimet: And then someone and then seeing know potter give a northeast GSA poster on it, I believe in 2012 maybe 11 and they were he was beginning to find some of these features in Pennsylvania, and then putting the two two and two together and then.
William Ouimet: Basically, going wholesale on that for the Northeast as well.
William Ouimet: it's broader than norm it's probably the Northwest Connecticut it's all over the Northeast, and this is an industry that is that is widespread and growing and significance in terms of its ability to map the spatial variation.
William Ouimet: Okay, so what we've been doing we've been using all of these great lidar data sets and the derivative topographic variables from them slope hill shade.
William Ouimet: To basically map all of these features as best as we can stone walls and charcoal horse being the two that I will focus on.
William Ouimet: focus on today, and then we'll get a little bit of experience with in the homework so homework assignment in the the workshop the workshop assignment.
William Ouimet: And so, largely this is, you know as in most things, when you first begin we get an Arc.
William Ouimet: You know we're just digitizing we're on we're interpreting and digitizing so it's learning how to interpret and then and then connecting that with the ability to to digitize on screen and so.
William Ouimet: that's what you have here but it's more than that we've moved on to the development of of deep learning and automated extraction algorithms i'll show you some of those results as well.
William Ouimet: As as kind of beyond the scope of this workshop really but really where the science is currently about how we are actually choosing to go about extracting and mapping these particular resources.
William Ouimet: So just to show you the progress you know I had some students through the years have been really focused at the town level.
William Ouimet: And we do this, we try to complete one full town, so that we can compare the data we get for some walls with other with other geographic and demographic data for that particular town.
William Ouimet: there's really no it's working at the town level is arbitrary we we will we'd like to map everywhere, but it just when when you don't set a boundary it's harder to link that with other information.
William Ouimet: I don't have on here that all the new Hampshire data that's been mapped by to the new Hampshire.
William Ouimet: map or This is all the data that my as of today, you know year and a half ago, all the data that various students that I and i've had.
William Ouimet: kind of mapping out where those were the distribution of these these stone walls are.
William Ouimet: And so that the so the dream scenario would have the whole region mapped out and the ability to critically, evaluate and quantify spatial distribution in related to other other aspects, so there's lots of questions.
William Ouimet: We published papers on on this and some relationships to surface the geology, for instance, and the orientation of stone walls relative to the the glacial.
William Ouimet: The orientation of the glacial scouring you know I put reference to some of those publications in in the documentation for.
William Ouimet: module three or section three I encourage you to go look at those i'm happy to talk more about those with anybody who anybody who's interested.
William Ouimet: But just what the data looks like a little bit you know getting a little bit closer look at different towns where where we we can confidently feel that with you have been systematically map.
William Ouimet: And so you know, there you know what number how accurate, you know I would you know because stone walls are always preserved through time you know somewhere between 80 to 90% of the stone walls that were probably here.
William Ouimet: are being asked by these by these particular these methods and you can see, Nice spatial variation and and places where you have you know ash ashford and goshen astra nice for are pretty what did for Eastern Connecticut.
William Ouimet: relative to some of the other towns and they were historically relative some of the other towns in the region nice a nice example of this kind of in central Massachusetts to kind of on either sides of the Connecticut river Valley.
William Ouimet: Significant variation and the density and then the wall length and areas basically all into the ruggedness of these towns, basically, you know the the farmland.
William Ouimet: was selected and they were looking for smoother glacial terrain, but the drum wins rather than the more rugged wooded areas to build to clear land for a significant.
William Ouimet: Long term fields and other activities, so you can see a nice relationship between the historical historical documents.
William Ouimet: yeah here's just a plug for the North, the stonewall map or so rick talked to us early on, he loved our work that we were publishing and.
William Ouimet: He got ahead of us in terms of publishing the first kind of public public stonewall mapper so and he's had a lot of people and new Hampshire working with him to kind of map out the entire state of new Hampshire and so.
William Ouimet: it's great to see and i'll expose you to our Members who are trying to do the same thing, and hopefully someday collectively in a cloud based sense will have a very large region.
William Ouimet: Of the Northeast map for these particular and these particular features switching gears to the charcoal hearts, so this has been this has been a little bit different the way we're covering ground each of these kind of.
William Ouimet: data sets here reflect just different places that we're finding.
William Ouimet: Historical historical charcoal activity, not surprisingly there's a nice relationship between these cluster areas and what areas where there is historic iron industry or iron works.
William Ouimet: or some some some place where there was early early processing of iron ore that was required, and so you needed a high high high amount of fuel for that and charcoal became the local fuel.
William Ouimet: And so you so you So these are areas, we have not been systematic and not in all of New England in any way.
William Ouimet: But we're beginning to cover in the special distribution of this particular feature throughout the throughout the Connecticut and we've mapped over 30,000 of them.
William Ouimet: Today, and again, these are these are fun undergrad projects that first year students get to learn lidar they get to learn a little bit of a history, a little bit about lidar data mapping and they get to contribute to these these regional data sets.
William Ouimet: about these historical archaeological features and then we're building we're building these regional data sets that can be analyzed for other things to.
William Ouimet: Where we are doing a lot of fieldwork a lot of soil analysis and soil work has also been done on law, the Allies sites.
William Ouimet: I, this was the this was the first systematic area that we put we published really kind of honing in on the the iron industry in Northwest Connecticut tied into some very important in historic individual iron furnaces and you can see the blue here.
William Ouimet: Basically, reflecting all these individual charcoal hearts and just a nice historic air photo historic photo on the left just showing like a field completely denuded.
William Ouimet: or top down in terms of his trees cut into five cut into four four foot boards, essentially, and this is where it needs to those boards gets piled up and put into the into the.
William Ouimet: into the individual charcoal hearts Okay, and so the most the most systematic that we've been.
William Ouimet: In these Berkshire county in Connecticut, my group has maps systematically and then Columbia county was mapped by a gentleman Conrad bespoke a company that is out in Dutch in that part of.
William Ouimet: And that part of New York and so these are places where we can be pretty confident about our the systematic nature that we've mapped these features and then of course the interesting spatial patterns emerge.
William Ouimet: The dominance of the Northwest corner iron corridor but but, again, and then that continuing into the berkshires and even into Vermont.
William Ouimet: But then interesting pockets of this activity this denser network in other parts of the state, the area near the middlesex hartford tall county area.
William Ouimet: Now there's a Colchester ironworks that we're pretty sure was the main the main player, for all the activity that was.
William Ouimet: In that in that part of the state, when I don't haven't done enough research yet to know where.
William Ouimet: Where the iron was coming for the processing in Colchester was it a local bog iron or they actually.
William Ouimet: was their local iron ore that without that led to that to that particular industry.
William Ouimet: So again, all questions emerging based on this curious land form that we then start to systematically map throughout the region, and again a little differently than, then the region that is the.
William Ouimet: The stonewall extent so super super happy to happy to see that okay so then so then getting into the nitty gritty a little bit.
William Ouimet: The details of the mapping and where we are with the mapping, so what what that's the background and there's a lot more there a lot more analysis that are in some publications i'm happy to talk more about the analysis that comes from this.
William Ouimet: And there'll be future work coming out.
William Ouimet: But I do want to provide more visuals for just examples of in the lidar because what I want to gear up towards is giving you your own piece of lidar typography and just having you have when you have fun map out.
William Ouimet: map out some of the historical features that you see there and then and then to kind of.
William Ouimet: be able to understand where they are, how they're mapped and you know what what resolution their best viewed at so on and so on and so forth okay.
William Ouimet: So, essentially, these are the these are typically on screen and digital digitalization efforts, where you're you know you're always coupling it with other information, like the air photo.
William Ouimet: But you have some lidar derivative slope hill shade, and then you basically on screen digitalization the image on the lower left just shows you like the the vertices and the starting and ending points.
William Ouimet: of individual lines, so you know you do want to zoom in to a reasonable extent less than 123 thousand usually to have a good view of the landscape, to be able to actually visualize and put a line on the map okay.
William Ouimet: And I should say to that we often talk about these deficits as lidar derived data, we do not go and field check all of them.
William Ouimet: So they're not perfect representations of space, but but we've you know we're beginning to query and and analyze the quality of that data from and how various from from individual user individual user.
William Ouimet: there's always limitations again if you can take nothing from my previous part of a lecture is take that notion of lidar quality ultimately gives rise and and temporal.
William Ouimet: timestamp to ultimately give rise to reasons that features may or may not be there, or may or may not be visible right, so we always have point spacing vegetation time have a spring issue that ultimately.
William Ouimet: gives us the point cloud, which gives us the DM and the hill shade that we use to do this mapping, we also have just changed through times this examples and Lebanon shows pretty nicely some walls that were in the aerial imagery and 34 but then were removed to make larger farm fields.
William Ouimet: later on in the 20th century, so sometimes the walls that removed.
William Ouimet: Because of evolving agricultural practices so so like we always talk about our ladder based.
William Ouimet: stone wall maps and charts there a minimum we do the best that we can we try to map only the features that are pretty clear.
William Ouimet: And so we tried not not to map features if they're not clear, so so we so there's a there's a.
William Ouimet: We may, under map and there's a lower limit to what we can actually capture and then there's the idea that the future maybe obscured by more recent activity, and this is a good example so.
William Ouimet: So and suburban areas and more developed areas are and another good example part of them, the lidar point cloud exercise if you zoomed into the hartford one.
William Ouimet: You can see what it looks like in a suburban area and, like there's so much modification to the land surface sidewalks roads how's the houses that those tend to tend to.
William Ouimet: tend to dominate the lidar signature and you can't see features that may that may be there as well, such as such as a stone wall so.
William Ouimet: So so dense conifer forest types or areas in heavy urban, suburban areas are always going to be harder harder to map because it's going to be harder to differentiate the future from other from other aspects okay.
William Ouimet: Just some field map, so we So there are a clear distinction, so when you go out and field, and I know that Thor.
William Ouimet: Robert thorson is working on a paper of stone wall classification.
William Ouimet: That really allows us to differentiate these more subtle kind of stone stone bands or low walls to what you might call double or broad walls in the lower images and so then there's a spectrum of.
William Ouimet: Quality and classification and these walls How does that relate to lidar right and we certainly We certainly know that we're doing a really good job of.
William Ouimet: delineating in deciduous forests these really broad very clear single double and broad walls that stand out.
William Ouimet: Above above the above the forest canopy they may be somewhere between 40 centimeters and a meter and a half wide somewhere between me height, and you know mid chest height okay.
William Ouimet: Those are going to be pretty easy easily viewable, particularly in the in the latter derivatives, but you do have these sunless.
William Ouimet: More low walls which may which may have been used for not as long time, but that do still have expressions but they're harder to see right so there's always a Gray area and what what what's well expressed in the light versus what is not.
William Ouimet: And again when I say well expressed, I really mean it at the, this is the meter to five meter.
William Ouimet: pixel size right really find scale differentiation in that in that in that kind of lower lower resolution area.
William Ouimet: So a higher resolution that sense okay so so that that that's pretty clear that becomes apparent when you spend a lot of time.
William Ouimet: walking some of these forest where you know, there are these stone walls and the lidar but you may see more in the field, because there's more because the cell walls as well.
William Ouimet: Because the land was used for that activity and you end up seeing the clear walls and the subtle smaller smaller walls and this one, this is just an example of how this plays out in terms of mapping exercise.
William Ouimet: here's This is my house area and kind of mansfield where you have the slope APP and the hill shade in the upper and the upper panels and then.
William Ouimet: US kind of delineating some of these clear and more subtle features.
William Ouimet: With two different polygons just are two different colors the red being the clear walls in the blue being the subtler and subtler feature so sometimes you might want to.
William Ouimet: denote how clear are certain you are in your ability to map these.
William Ouimet: These individual features, so this is this, so this is what, so this is kind of what we're hoping that you'll do and the exercise.
William Ouimet: As matt the stone walls, in addition to mapping the charcoal hearts and you'll have some experience looking at it some lidar derivatives.
William Ouimet: In that context So where are we going with this so i've got two students working on lidar mapping of stone walls in general.
William Ouimet: And we're kind of doing two things one is we're like having a whole bunch of users map the same the same image, so that almost like this, like.
William Ouimet: cognitive experiment of different users different expertise levels how often do we recognize the same feature, and what percentage of the walls.
William Ouimet: Are we are we all mapping and how does that relate to kind of feel verified stone walls.
William Ouimet: And then we have G one do you want to work with with deep learning taking the same area and applying different deep learning algorithms.
William Ouimet: That are based off different combinations of the of the raster hill shape of the roster data sets the hill shades and the slope maps.
William Ouimet: To kind of kind of play that off so that so this This is like ongoing work where hope we're working this up towards publication, but again, it really addresses two things.
William Ouimet: You know that had to do with the overall practice of mapping stone walls and then and then how that plays out.
William Ouimet: And you'll notice when I when I compare like the field verified to the.
William Ouimet: To the one in the middle, like we you know we combine all for users, we pretty much get everything right.
William Ouimet: But some of those users over map and the map features that aren't really stovall so there's a sweet spot in there, that really reflects kind of the average user versus the knowledgeable user versus that the novice.
William Ouimet: But I should emphasize like I got all the time I I let undergrads very, very basic introduction and they're mapping stone walls within 20 minutes.
William Ouimet: And they're putting lines and it's pretty clear to them, particularly in the forest and terrain worth deciduous it's harder, of course, where you get intersection of.
William Ouimet: Active fields and urban areas and roads in general, so this is this is something I always just kind of reflects the kind of the state of the art in terms of where we are with this particular feature.
William Ouimet: This is the same thing applied over a towns, this is like a wives, the blue is our hand digitized for Cornwall.
William Ouimet: And then two different attempts at the map so G one is literally were discussing and processing this data right now.
William Ouimet: But, at first glance, you should be impressed I hope of just how good at these algorithms are picking out these walls and these features.
William Ouimet: In the in the lighter and the tends to be a lot of false positives right where the model thinks that there's some walls that I that that either are there.
William Ouimet: That we didn't we didn't actually map with our approach or are actually not not not not there, so so stay tuned for that, but it does reflect kind of the latest.
William Ouimet: latest work that we're doing to really analyze and produce these these maps of historic features okay and and the poster about the the user.
William Ouimet: The post we so we have a session that GSA a Thor is leading it i'm kind of co chair, but it's basically it's about the stone walls in the region and there's a bunch of this work being presented.
William Ouimet: In that session it's Monday morning, I believe, and then God will present some more deep learning john will present some of the user stuff and then i'll present.
William Ouimet: And Thor will present some of the stonewall classification and some of the field studies that we're doing to calibrate between between the two, so if you're more interested in seeing more with the group is doing.
William Ouimet: Please, please, please tune in Monday morning for the next part of GSA.
William Ouimet: Next week Okay, and then just moving on to charcoal horse which other feature that people have less experience with usually, when they we've made we begin this process.
William Ouimet: This is just again a summary slide that shows that progression from from 19th century feature to 20th century morphology to how its seen in the lidar to.
William Ouimet: In the point cloud how its seen in the hill shade that's derived and hill shade and slope maps that are derived from the DM which are derived from.
William Ouimet: From the point cloud Okay, and so these are really and again there's a note here that that can't see right now, but you know when you go in the field and look at these the average diameter is somewhere between nine.
William Ouimet: To 15 meters sometimes they're larger sometimes they're a little smaller, but it really puts that in that sweet spot for a feature is big enough.
William Ouimet: To clearly be seen in the wider but maybe with with with low quality lidar might not be as good see.
William Ouimet: largely because it's a it's a more single isolated feature rather the along along broad wall okay oh.
William Ouimet: Okay um so just just some some images of how this plays out with the lidar data, so you know the stone walls are really good.
William Ouimet: The hill shades in many ways preferred for stonewall mapping is slow map, it is if you're used to looking at slope Apps can can accentuate what you see in the hill shades.
William Ouimet: In many ways, it's more true representation of the more of the morphology that's actually expressed in the liner.
William Ouimet: But the charcoal hearts, in general, the platforms are much better expressed in slope maps then actually heal shade So here we advocate kind of switching over to thinking about slope maps, as opposed to heal shades.
William Ouimet: For mapping and individuals charcoal horse because it just it's a feature that that's accentuated better.
William Ouimet: When you can see that deviation is flat platform, from whatever background topography is adjacent to it, and again this is well expressed.
William Ouimet: Here there's really nice and intricate differences between the two, we have we have we have what we call.
William Ouimet: charcoal hearts on kind of steeper terrain vs vs flat terrain and they tend to be a circular ditches on flatter trust.
William Ouimet: versus kind of platforms cut out of a clear hill slope, in the case of be on a slope so there's Nice.
William Ouimet: enter your kind of differences, the ditch around them relates to the callers digging up the soil around it to cover the charcoal while they're harvesting it and actually.
William Ouimet: Burning it so it's actually you need they need some of that soil and then it gets accentuated by.
William Ouimet: The degradation of the of the Platform after after its abandoned so again so to Nice examples of the different morphology that kind of reflect.
William Ouimet: The terrain, that the charcoal hearth is is built is built in so again just did just a lot more visuals not don't need to linger.
William Ouimet: This particular area we've done a significant amount of fieldwork kind of critically evaluating the soils that are that are expressed in these different types.
William Ouimet: of individual charcoal heart sometimes their stone walls, too, so the terrain is not entirely given over to one type of land use activity so you'll see a combination of charcoal activity.
William Ouimet: In areas that are at also have stone walls and activity of historic agriculture, agriculture, in addition to that process.
William Ouimet: And again they're they're often very well expressed on steep slopes and they're easy to differentiate from neighboring topography, when they are on on in steeper terrain.
William Ouimet: And, and they were also you can begin to see some of the trails and roads and there's a really nice kind of cultural story here of like.
William Ouimet: Sometimes you know you're hiking the appalachian trail, and you go right over a charcoal hearth and that that's because the charcoal and the appalachian trail was put on an old.
William Ouimet: trail that had that was put there for by the call years when when this activity was it was it was occurring, and so you can sometimes even seen reconstruct.
William Ouimet: The paths and the modes of transport in the charcoal from these these kind of temporary earth instructors all the way down to where they're headed.
William Ouimet: just another example of some of these features, whether they're.
William Ouimet: Pretty dense pretty kind of dominate most of the typography here and then contrast that to some examples in eastern Connecticut.
William Ouimet: Where they're kind of more isolated and they're not as regularly spaced and it's kind of more randomly randomly spaced throughout throughout the landscape so so understanding that behavior.
William Ouimet: dense dense charcoal terrain versus more isolated charcoal terrain, there are nuances to this and we're going to expose you in the exercise to it to a dense nutrient dense area.
William Ouimet: Interesting differences around the region, you know, sometimes i'm really steep terrain that look more like a teardrop shape.
William Ouimet: As opposed to a circular sometimes they're concentrate at the base of a slope, so you can imagine, clearing the trees on the slope.
William Ouimet: Getting the wind down to the base of the slope and then processing processing the charcoal kind of right right right near that you know that the edge of that.
William Ouimet: So it's just nice examples of that variation and then and then also kind of speaking more broadly we haven't done as much mapping in Vermont but we're we're beginning to end, so in Vermont.
William Ouimet: there's some indication that a lot of these a lot bigger and so you know, one of the important aspects here is that there were cultural differences between.
William Ouimet: This process and there's different expertise is across the region, and so there is some indication that that the the style and the size kind of owes to expertise and also.
William Ouimet: Because it's it's harder to make the bigger charcoal balance because it's more dangerous right, so it takes more expertise and practice to do them so maybe there's there's a nuance of cultural.
William Ouimet: and historical artifact of that process kind of preserve, even in the side when you go up to Vermont will also gets interesting is that.
William Ouimet: You know vermont's known for for all, for all its line in stone kills as well, so I should have clarified this when i'm when i'm talking about are essentially earthen kills.
William Ouimet: That are temporary features on hill slopes that are only used for a couple times right the contrast is to process and make charcoal and kill.
William Ouimet: and have more control because it's a stone and or in brick structure and so sometimes this process of charcoal and was absolutely occurring say in Vermont but it wasn't me occurring through a process of of.
William Ouimet: Temporary earth and kills it was processing through stone and brick brick kiln so so.
William Ouimet: People Victor Ronaldo Orlando worked on this in the 90s really I slit in nicely beautiful examples of these he didn't have lidar and so now we can add lidar and his approach, and so, so the image on the left is this in the middle of a forest two miles away from any road.
William Ouimet: and beautiful stack of what must be permanent stone brick kilns that were that were there at the time for processing widespread amounts of.
William Ouimet: Forest hardwood into charcoal to be processed locally locally at the site and then ultimately brought to where it where it was needed it was needed next.
William Ouimet: And so, those are those are well, those are will express as well we're also doing we're also doing some automated extraction with charcoal horse some papers and some master's thesis and work that's being done.
William Ouimet: In that regard, using remote sensing techniques that have to do with object object identification, you can imagine, these are so.
William Ouimet: individually and circular and they're so deep they said they deviate so clearly from neighboring typography.
William Ouimet: That extraction algorithms are usually pretty good at picking them out, particularly when you're on steeper and steeper terrain okay so um that that's you know I could keep going on, but I actually didn't take the whole time, which is good, so what I want to do now is transition.
William Ouimet: For the first to the first mapping exercise okay so based on what we had what i've given you as an overview you're going to go into.
William Ouimet: The homework three for homework folder sorry I keep saying homework because i'm teaching these classes right now.
William Ouimet: But the Google drive folder number three which has which pertains to the first mapping exercise, which is mapping historical features Okay, and so you are given this as your base map.
William Ouimet: In your gut in your goal over some period of time, maybe is to is to produce a map of these features, now the one nuance to this is that.
William Ouimet: We recognized early on Janet and I did that, for these not being exercises we can't have you map directly in our.
William Ouimet: And so we are where we were doing for both exercises, we are giving you the base map.
William Ouimet: or number of base maps, because we give you a slow down for you to the hill shade, we give you an error photo we give you the typography OK.
William Ouimet: And then, and then we we advocate bringing those into bringing those into somebody like illustrator or PowerPoint and then just be getting this just begin to annotate with with points in lines that reflect different colors and reflect different features.
William Ouimet: And again, the learning objective here is more to kind of begin the process of of interpreting that, based on what you've learned interpreting.
William Ouimet: The land form and then and then putting an object on the map that delineates a boundary in the case of.
William Ouimet: or a deposit in the case of superficial mapping or a line or a Polygon or a feature in the case of historic historic mapping.
William Ouimet: Okay, so that that's that's the objective and and maybe it's it's hopefully it's pretty straight straightforward and clear, but it is.
William Ouimet: Your opportunity to kind of discover for yourself where these features are in this particular this particular image, and so I do give you.
William Ouimet: The hill hill street map and the slope map because, as I just mentioned there's different strengths and weaknesses to those two data sets for mapping historical historical features.
William Ouimet: Okay, so i'm just gonna i'm going to stop sharing for a second and i'm just going to go back out to the web meeting here Okay, so in the folder okay so just just a little bit of note about this.
William Ouimet: If you'll notice that if you go to the exercise instructions.
William Ouimet: What we what we hope, people are doing at this point in the workshop is that there are they are aware of the Web map viewers.
William Ouimet: you've seen the one for the lidar but this, we also have one for the state.
William Ouimet: We actually draw boxes around the focus areas for both mapping exercise, and so you can see those very well expressed, hopefully in in the main web web map or so let me put another link to it right here so that it's that that we're i'm referring to the same thing to everybody.
William Ouimet: So explain in the chat to everybody.
William Ouimet: Close I don't need that reminder i'm just gonna, this is the, this is the main web map i'm referring to.
William Ouimet: If you haven't done so already you can you can see we've delineated some focus areas for both the historic feature mapping and also the official mapping exercise.
William Ouimet: So you do not you it's possible to just do the mapping with bait the base maps we provide we hope.
William Ouimet: That you also use the Web map zoom in you can you can zoom in more you can pan around you can get a little bit more perspective, you can get a different zoom scale than we provide so we really do hope that.
William Ouimet: Both of these exercises are done in companion, with the Web APP So you can see, the other resources available to you in the Web map.
William Ouimet: But, ultimately, the goal is to map outside of the Web map and that's because it's not easy to make and save lines and polygons in the web, the Web map viewer now.
William Ouimet: And i'm perfectly aware that some of you are capable of doing this kind of editing directly in Arc and so, if you if you could go to Arc right now, you could go do that but it's probably going to take too long to get set up with that so so here's the goal.
William Ouimet: I actually have there's actually two goals for this this homework assignment.
William Ouimet: I keep saying homework, I apologize.
William Ouimet: I we want everyone to spend 2020 minutes or so trying to annotate that image with different land forms that reflect historic land use OK.
William Ouimet: And then, but what I also do is you'll notice that the end of that I give you links to the public domain Community matters.
William Ouimet: That for both the charcoal hearts and the stone walls Okay, so what I want you to leave this exercise with is is two things one.
William Ouimet: Experience trying to do some of this mapping what it looks like because solidifying your understanding of what these features look like in lidar and putting some points in lines confidently on on on a map and then to recognizing that once you are aware of how these features look.
William Ouimet: To the degree that you want to you have the ability, now, to contribute to this new these regional datasets I mean anybody can go on and anytime today, tomorrow will.
William Ouimet: contribute data to these public mapper so ideally if there's enough time I would love for you to do the mapping exercise or attempted or started.
William Ouimet: And also spend a little bit of time trying to go to the online mapper and like add add one add one data point to the to the Community.
William Ouimet: And then know that that this point forward, you can always go and do and do more of that community based based mapping.
William Ouimet: Because it's really both that i'm trying to emphasize in this in this particular in this particular segment.
William Ouimet: Okay, so it's 12 I think we said we were break for lunch around 1230 but, given the delay why don't we just push that to the 12 and 1240 or so so for the next 40 minutes.
William Ouimet: let's do the same, that we just did a little bit of question and discussion to those who want but transitioning to to the formal mapping exercise.
William Ouimet: I didn't put this down I would love it if i'm going to go put a folder up online I would love it if you feel comfortable just popping up your map.
William Ouimet: To the Community to so I can see some see some examples of completed maps from from from the people in the audience it we will you will use the data largely to just track, you know where people are.
William Ouimet: With this kind of an introduction, there is an answer key and we can show that answer key later.
William Ouimet: it's in the folder you can go look, if you want to look early on, you can try not to for for the learning objective but but go ahead and try this out.
William Ouimet: And again, we sorry we're sorry that we can't make the onscreen digitization work within the GIs interface it's part of the virtual environment.
William Ouimet: But I think you you you if you work in illustrator or in PowerPoint you can immediately say what you do and not lose track of anything.
William Ouimet: So that's what I would encourage you to do and I, and I think for this exercise, I give you at least three prompts for features to map.
William Ouimet: But there's there's two optional prompts if you are sorry to optional prompts if you if you choose to do so okay so again.
William Ouimet: there's a companion document and exercise, you can look through it, it basically I gave you I just gave you the summary.
William Ouimet: But again, so we're going to stop assuming there's no broader questions just about details on that.
William Ouimet: will give rise to this kind of work period where people can kind of come and go, as they please.
William Ouimet: And I would love it I would love it if if people can accomplish those two objectives over the course of the next half hour to 40 minutes so again, you leave with a experience of doing both okay that's my overall.
William Ouimet: That that's why my overall goal okay.
William Ouimet: Alright, so we'll stop there, and hopefully everything's a self explanatory in terms of the folder and the files and in terms of where to go next alright.
William Ouimet: Thanks everyone.
William Ouimet: i'm gonna mute myself, I had to take a quick phone call related stuff at home.
William Ouimet: so beautiful covert example the truck won't start my wife can pick up my son at school, so.
William Ouimet: i'm here okay so um let's um.
William Ouimet: let's enter this exercise period so again same as last time, those who are curious when asked questions go ahead right away.
William Ouimet: dig into the exercise a little bit ask questions again, hopefully, everything is self explanatory and you find what you need to do to do the exercise, and I look forward to getting your feedback about how it's going.
William Ouimet: Good we're all busy I like it.
William Ouimet: hey Janet.
jrstone: Yes.
i'm done.
William Ouimet: I plowed through all those slides.
jrstone: So that was good um, are there any of the charcoal horse in this exercise area.
jrstone: Absolutely oh i've never seen one of those before I want to find one.
William Ouimet: Well, I go to the slope map the slopes much more.
William Ouimet: Okay, much more clear in terms of again small circular anomalies.
William Ouimet: And in relation to background slope typography.
Woody Thompson: well.
Woody Thompson: Yes, I got a question for you, but to trickle horse.
William Ouimet: hey what are you doing.
Woody Thompson: Good six years ago I worked with Janet and other people on the official state map of Connecticut and I was compiling and mapping in the.
Woody Thompson: housatonic valley region, including the northwestern part of the state where there are lots of trickle horse yeah and, of course, there was no lidar back then, so I was using a.
Woody Thompson: black and white leaf off air photos and in the hardwood for us round Sharon and cat in that area, I saw some of these hearts I didn't know what they were at that time they were simply black dots on the air photos but what was also curious about them was that around each heart site.
Woody Thompson: There was a radiating spider web of what look like trails where they may have brought would end to be earned.
Woody Thompson: and eventually someone told me what these hearts were, but I still don't know what these radio features might be and I don't see him on the lidar they may be very shallow not much relief, but I was just wondering if you'd see any of those on one or another kind of imagery.
William Ouimet: So um I think that there's there there's two ways looking at this, the lidar is absolutely revealing the most common morphology right.
William Ouimet: Which and I kind of described the two types, but there are interesting feet, there are interested aspects to some.
William Ouimet: You know, there are some that are actually the mound is still there, because they never they never burned charcoal says a couple of places where that that that it actually is still a mound.
William Ouimet: And then there's also the ones that have been reconstructed and some of the State parks and state areas, they often have trails around them, they often have ditches around them, they often they can have actual.
William Ouimet: occupation sites small foundations were collars are actually living.
William Ouimet: While they're doing that, while they're doing that probation sometimes they're building it sometimes it's semi permanent sometimes or small farms, the small small um.
William Ouimet: You know, somewhat small gardens so there's a lot of interesting aspects to the the, the more the morphology right adjacent to them, I would love to find the exact example you're referring to.
William Ouimet: You know.
William Ouimet: That can imagine.
William Ouimet: I would imagine, is it a perfectly circular rating and thing or just in general trails emanating.
William Ouimet: You know I absolutely see trails coming and going and migrating through this what I call lent charcoal terrain.
Woody Thompson: A.
Woody Thompson: Straight linear features, ranging from the burning sites and i'll go back through my field maps and notes and and see if I can pinpoint where some of them were then we can look at the awesome photography the old era photos whatever to see if we might make them show up.
William Ouimet: That would be awesome I would love to see this variations I love I love you know where this product is taking me again it's a perfect expression, and what we mean this workshop some of that wasn't even on my radar and that was all over my radar what we can see in lidar.
Woody Thompson: that's this is really sorry, who was there was a talk on.
Woody Thompson: This subject at northeast GSA a couple years ago what had been one of your students I don't know what was the young lady give a really good talk or poster session on the horse.
William Ouimet: yeah that was that it's probably Kate Johnson, who was my my PhD student and she she was a historical archaeologists to so she had a lot of interest in historical site a science, so I would say to me that.
William Ouimet: You know the question of the impact on forest and vegetative like there, there are plenty of papers that do talk about.
William Ouimet: decreased moisture because these are these are layered charcoal deposits, so the inability to drain water well so high higher higher soil moisture content and then too much charcoal to allow.
William Ouimet: Sustained vegetative growth so that, so there is interesting hints to suggest that there is an impact on the local.
William Ouimet: vegetation it but it's not widespread and it's not like you walk up to every one of these, and you see no trees, or no shrubs.
William Ouimet: Sometimes, sometimes there's no differentiation in the forest sometimes there is so I would also be if there's clear examples of them.
William Ouimet: have them impacting the forest enough that you can see it in the imagery i'd love to see that as well, and maybe we can reconstruct where that where that is based on on your old field your field notes that would be great yeah.
Woody Thompson: Okay, good thanks yep.
William Ouimet: So Alan asked is the base map, do you reference, unfortunately, it is, it is not it's an export from Arc.
William Ouimet: But the the, the best way to kind of combine it with geographic information is just it's just because zoom in on that same focus area in the arc map and that that gives you some notion of.
William Ouimet: Space relative to other areas where you, we are you thinking of just bringing it into our because our you asked.
Alan Benimoff: yeah yeah yes, I was thinking about that.
William Ouimet: That would have been a good thing if I made like a geo PDF or something like that you could have opened it in in software and open it in directly in Arc I should have thought of that.
Alan Benimoff: Okay it's fine, but thank you anyway.
William Ouimet: We still got 46 people, this is good, I haven't lost anyone yet.
William Ouimet: jenna I don't know if you've got those emails but a couple people have been coming and going because they had classes or other things that they.
William Ouimet: yeah you know I think Susanna o'connell had to get a coven shot today.
William Ouimet: So she was like oh that's good take precedent over this, but yet.
jrstone: So yeah my second one on.
jrstone: On Friday, so.
William Ouimet: that's great that's great.
William Ouimet: And then Paulson says that you'd love to do the assignment but he's got some other stuff to do so, I knew that was gonna happen to is however much and how many of you can actually do the exercise, it would be great.
William Ouimet: I we.
William Ouimet: it's a matter of time and focus and vironment.
Paul Olsen: My GSA presentation yeah.
William Ouimet: No it's understanding.
Margaret Thomas: Well, to.
Paul Olsen: Trust finite time.
William Ouimet: Sorry doors.
Now.
William Ouimet: What about you go.
Margaret Thomas: Now I just had a quick question.
Margaret Thomas: To the algorithms get tripped up by differentiating between stone walls and fences because there's a lot of linear features that I would tag as a stone wall, but then, when you toggle on the imagery you realize it's a fence line.
William Ouimet: Right, so a lot of what my group is been doing or slowly exploring is like the nuances of the mapping process and all the things that can go wrong, even when you're digitizing by hand right you too close to an active field.
William Ouimet: Like sometimes I just had the edge of a field transitioning to to forest will appear as a linear feature where there's no wall at all.
William Ouimet: So you know I think the answer is that the algorithms are going to be good at delineating linear features that are equivalent to the type of linear features that are.
William Ouimet: Are in the training module so what you'll notice about deep learning is that's all about how you train it right, so you give it like imagine just giving it 1000 different examples of what a wall looks like.
William Ouimet: right and it will it'll it'll basically returns a map which gives you the likelihood of pixels in that unknown matching what is what it's been trained to believe is a stone wall okay.
William Ouimet: And so, so if if enough of your training is perfect and maybe maybe there's ways around the more nuanced.
William Ouimet: linear linear features, but the long and short of it is these approaches will always have false positives and but but they're surprisingly good at mapping, the ones that we think are there.
William Ouimet: And and and and then you know with a remote sensing an exercise like that it's often comes in the post processing and, ultimately, what you're trying to get out of.
William Ouimet: Of the analysis right if the goal is to get 80% of what's there then man that's a really quick way to do it, but if your goal is to be 99% accurate you're never going to get to that point right.
William Ouimet: So there is a trade off in that in that and and and you'll you'll see that all over the machine and deep learning.
William Ouimet: A landscape is it just like how well you training it and then where do you want to apply it right, so I think with with john and I are like starting to think about.
William Ouimet: Like yeah we want to start mapping wholesale areas with a deep learning algorithm but we're not going to map we're going to exclude.
William Ouimet: anything near near buildings and roads and impervious surfaces and we're going to we're going to exclude conifer for us we're going to focus it on deciduous forests types.
William Ouimet: And maybe will it will even exclude the boundaries of modern farmland right which could also delineate other other linear features as well, so.
William Ouimet: So maybe the model will be really good at mapping in widespread deciduous forests but but never really be that good at mapping in.
William Ouimet: The more complicated areas to map, but those are those areas are hard to map with your I just as they are hard to map with.
William Ouimet: With a model, the example i'm giving everyone for the exercise is definitely in the middle of a forest.
William Ouimet: No, no real impact of any other any other human modification, although there is some what I what I would call kind of the the rocky bump bedrock the bedrock terrain, which is bumpier and therefore it's harder to delineate features, where the typography is more variable so.
William Ouimet: yeah you don't you know how it is maddie like.
William Ouimet: These machine algorithms are gonna be great but they're never gonna be perfect so you're always gonna have to wait way how much you want to rely on them.
William Ouimet: Like it's all over the earth sciences, in this day did or earth earth and earth data in informatics is it's the discipline that's being called is that taking advantage of machines to do a lot of work for you, but not not you know not 100% of it so.
Margaret Thomas: yeah it's hard to characterize everything that you can see from your own experience you're you're trying to build the experience of the algorithm.
Margaret Thomas: To make as many matches as possible but.
William Ouimet: So can I get a thumbs up for anyone who has successfully put a stone wall or a taco hard on their map.
William Ouimet: Good some thumbs good I like it, I like it.
William Ouimet: I didn't I think that's so cool I can just I can count the thumbs as they go up that's good.
Nick Hastings: It will I did that, for a little while, and then I went over to a place where I know there are because there's a color exhibit in rockland preserve in northern Madison near the Durham border.
Nick Hastings: Nice and just compared the what i'm used to looking at it in in some of the layers versus the slope and boy did they pop out.
William Ouimet: yep yeah the Madison area is interesting, I think I.
William Ouimet: I, we have not met that are you should go ahead and map it on the on the public mapper and get them up there it'd be really good to get those up there.
Nick Hastings: yeah they actually have.
Nick Hastings: They actually have like a reconstructed.
Nick Hastings: charcoal you know mound, but you can add around the forested area that we're all the hiking trails are, and I can see at least you know 10 or 12.
William Ouimet: that's great that's great and when and where there's some there's usually more and then, when you begin to kind of equitable your eyes to the process that sounds great.
William Ouimet: that's super cool I love that there's that I hear about these things happening in the state and it's there's really a lot going on on the charcoal industry as well known.
William Ouimet: it's a great lectures there's great field work good good to feel the exhibits.
William Ouimet: Somehow I just want to connect all this lidar work that we're doing to that, sooner rather than later, we haven't published we're getting the public's but it's not necessarily connected in that public Community sense cool thanks so much Nick.
William Ouimet: So, Alexander says i'm trying to download images from PDF files.
William Ouimet: john brooks said click open.
William Ouimet: yeah baby where to go john.
William Ouimet: that's great What did you map in john what Program.
John Brooks: I just put things in PowerPoint cool.
William Ouimet: So Alex are you still having problems downloading anything Alex that true.
Alexander Zdzinski: Yes.
Alexander Zdzinski: And the thing that I try to do what I have the PDF open book won't save a the graphic files right don't see it, maybe i'm not familiar enough with the interface of the PDF.
Alexander Zdzinski: But.
William Ouimet: I mean, I think the way to do it is bring it bring it bring the PDF do you have the PDF on a PowerPoint slide.
Alexander Zdzinski: Oh, all I haven't saved to my hard drive as a folder but it when I tried with the PowerPoint up.
Alexander Zdzinski: looked like graphic images, but i'm not sure how.
William Ouimet: I mean, I think I understand you correctly, I think the goal is.
William Ouimet: We if you have a blank PowerPoint slide open, you know you can you can go to your folder show where the file is in the fall in this drag that file with the PDF into the on the PowerPoint slide and it should copy in.
Alexander Zdzinski: Okay i'll try that.
William Ouimet: And then, once it's there the idea would just be the annotate above it when.
William Ouimet: With.
William Ouimet: Images like lines lines and dots.
William Ouimet: As anyone so so Nick are you on the public mapper right now.
Nick Hastings: No, I was just actually looking at the.
Nick Hastings: I was looking at the the short course main web APP that you put up and just zeroed in on where I knew it was good.
William Ouimet: That sounds great.
William Ouimet: hey Paul your hand is still raised, I know that you have you would love to ask questions but.
William Ouimet: I think that's from like two hours ago.
Paul Olsen: was my hand raised just a crap.
William Ouimet: If you go.
William Ouimet: There you go well, I knew it was from earlier it's been up there, the whole time but like when you raise your hand you're on the top of the list everything seems like.
Paul Olsen: that's because I was a second person online.
yeah.
William Ouimet: Oh well, that's cool.
Paul Olsen: i've been I have a project with the Pennsylvania state survey.
Nice.
Paul Olsen: A mapping to get his bird basin, it was the triassic basin, which is always been basically unknown territory for me.
Paul Olsen: i've ignored it almost my whole life you've not been all over the rest of the triassic basins, and the reason is because nothing fit into any.
Paul Olsen: Anything I mean I know anything you found was just kind of a floater had no strategic thing and nothing except you might you might know if you're in the gettysburg shale or the new Oxford formation or diabetes, this is not useful, so I.
Paul Olsen: But I took a look at y&r.
Paul Olsen: Oh, my God the strategic three was louder.
Paul Olsen: than the diet.
Paul Olsen: You could see it so clearly that literally in 30 seconds I knew where I was trying to graphically and virtually the holidays, and so I asked the strip is the apartment building a natural resources, you know, can we have a project here.
Paul Olsen: Use the lidar to do.
Paul Olsen: A straw man hypothesis, and then we go out and we test the hypothesis, by taking a couple of strategic Paleo next Annapolis and comparing it to the Newark basin section, which we know in great detail because it's been poured in its entirety.
Paul Olsen: And that test the correlation you know, only a few spots.
Paul Olsen: and
Paul Olsen: it's a test going to start in the spring, very shortly actually and i'm all vaccinated.
Paul Olsen: So i'm ready to go.
Paul Olsen: Nice hopefully not, in fact, many people in my travels of that.
The science behind that is.
Paul Olsen: That still unknown so.
William Ouimet: Alex you good now.
Alexander Zdzinski: Sorry.
William Ouimet: Are you good Alex.
Alexander Zdzinski: No i'm not getting anywhere with the the I mean that stress, I tried plenty on the slide it doesn't i'd, be it doesn't seem to accept it as a like a graphic mm hmm.
Alexander Zdzinski: I it may just be I don't know enough about PowerPoint or I don't know enough about how to handle pdfs.
Alexander Zdzinski: You.
William Ouimet: want me to try to and upload it as a.
William Ouimet: As an image file instead.
John Brooks: yeah well I couldn't I couldn't drag the PDF and apart quiet, I did a screen on prod pad, and so I think it does have to be some type of cake bake.
William Ouimet: Okay, so i'll give you.
William Ouimet: That hold on i'll put.
William Ouimet: i'll put.
William Ouimet: i'll put non PDF images up right now.
Tyler P: If you have Microsoft edge as a Internet browser you can open it in the PDF in Microsoft edge and it has a little drop feature, you can use.
Okay.
Alexander Zdzinski: I may try either another more.
William Ouimet: Dan and have you found any chocolate hearts.
Maybe.
jrstone: i'm not trying to draw them because i'm in the in the online viewer but I there's like on the North side of us.
William Ouimet: So so for the.
William Ouimet: For the online viewers, you want to be zoomed in enough that you know 123 hundred maybe in the lower left you that far.
William Ouimet: yeah yeah.
William Ouimet: So in the in the black box focus area for the homework, as well as how about go to the box to the north, the high density charcoal heart area.
William Ouimet: If you really want to see them.
William Ouimet: And then yeah so basically on on the the whole when the whole Eastern fourth of the image has a bunch of the assignment and also the.
William Ouimet: The Western kind of West South Western portion on the on the hill there, so what I find so interesting Janet about like your eyes versus mine is that, like you probably How often do you you you work do you zoom into that scale.
jrstone: This is like this, all the.
jrstone: Time all the time, but I tend to not see the human made.
jrstone: features, I mean I just screen them.
jrstone: i've never looked for these before.
jrstone: I can see so stone walls yeah.
jrstone: I mean those, of course, but i've never looked for these other things I would probably think they were boulders or something.
William Ouimet: yeah right right.
Well that's good.
William Ouimet: Well, you can always check the homework key if you want.
jrstone: I haven't tried to.
jrstone: go into the folder because i'm afraid i'll get lost with my screens but.
William Ouimet: Alright, so i'm going to put the to.
William Ouimet: hold on i'm going to try to put the both.
William Ouimet: The Non.
William Ouimet: Alex i'm putting them up right now.
Alexander Zdzinski: Okay.
William Ouimet: Alright, so I just so there should be a file of the right now, that is, the historic feature mapping hills hill shape map based PNG, which is an image file.
William Ouimet: Okay, and i'll do the same for the slope map, because you want probably want the slope map for that as well.
William Ouimet: see if that will will go in okay.
William Ouimet: success.
Alexander Zdzinski: i'm trying to find the files.
Alexander Zdzinski: Are they under that.
William Ouimet: So they're in folder.
William Ouimet: Short course folder three historic land use features.
William Ouimet: OK, and then they are the names all look familiar so there's historic feature mapping hill shade map face, both as a PDF and a PNG.
Alexander Zdzinski: Okay i'm not seeing any anything that says PNG all lives near pdfs.
William Ouimet: Just refresh the.
Alexander Zdzinski: screen, I see something has a has an icon not familiar with, let me try that.
Alexander Zdzinski: Okay, see.
William Ouimet: it's funny I I always do pdfs directly into my PowerPoint and maybe some of the new my computer so.
jrstone: I think older versions of PowerPoint didn't let you use pdfs.
William Ouimet: yeah it's an adobe vs Microsoft.
yeah.
See.
Alexander Zdzinski: Okay, I can save a PDF on God trying.
Alexander Zdzinski: i'll see if I can get into the.
William Ouimet: thumbs up or thumbs down has who has it has anybody looked at the public webmasters yet.
William Ouimet: We got one.
William Ouimet: Alright, so big picture here Janet it's 1230.
William Ouimet: We had originally said 1230 from lunch I just I just pushed it back to 1240 or so so pretty soon you wanted to tell everyone come back for 115.
jrstone: Your that's fine with me.
William Ouimet: And that extends so that we had that little that little FLEX time at the end of the day.
William Ouimet: that's supposed to be in the 230 to three 315 window, so I think 15 minutes whoa whoa I think we were booked until for as far as GSA is concerned, I didn't schedule so for so we could say 138 people want a little more extra time or we should we, how do you feel about that.
jrstone: Whatever you think i'm i'm.
William Ouimet: Well let's just say one let's.
William Ouimet: Just do 115 so that we can maybe get back to keep it close to three 315 or so.
William Ouimet: i'm not sure how the energy level will be if you know you know whether it was will linger later because people a lot of questions or not so we'll see so.
William Ouimet: Those of you who are listening.
William Ouimet: So I think what we'll do is.
William Ouimet: The next module will begin at 115.
William Ouimet: I would love for people to finish up.
William Ouimet: Trying what they're currently trying and then maybe get at least a couple people trying those those public matters, but I understand that everyone's got busy schedules when they want to break early for lunch that's fine by us to.
William Ouimet: But the idea would be to be back on maybe you leave your resume open I assume you can come in and out as you want to.
William Ouimet: But if you stay in then you'll know where things stand as a group, otherwise just log back in and make sure you're here by 115 we will, we will not begin the next module to 115.
William Ouimet: I will certainly stay on the whole time probably my lunch was muted, but if anyone does want to stay on ask questions or get feedback on the mapping.
William Ouimet: And what i'll do Janet when we start at 115 i'll just show the answer key to put a cap on that first part and then we'll and then we'll switch right over to you.
jrstone: Okay okay so um.
jrstone: Do you want.
jrstone: I have to share my screen right what when we come back on it 115 yep.
William Ouimet: You should be you should be able to open your PowerPoint I can help you.
jrstone: Well, my powerpoints already open, but I, I will just need to click that share screen button right.
William Ouimet: yep yeah and you'll notice there's a share screen and then one of the options under share screen is the actual Microsoft software icon you want to you can literally share the program and so not actually see like yeah that's The easiest way to do it.
William Ouimet: And once you do that it shares.
jrstone: I mean, I share that.
jrstone: Can you see my screen.
William Ouimet: Right, I have you started sharing it.
jrstone: Well, I clicked it, so I can see what we're showing up, but no I.
William Ouimet: Jen it's not a Co host that's not that's not right.
jrstone: I click share screen and I can pick my PowerPoint do you want me to do that or no.
William Ouimet: that's good I do that it seems simple let you.
jrstone: And then I can click share yep.
William Ouimet: You got it.
jrstone: Okay, so, but then I i'm using two screens so.
William Ouimet: now try the presenter mode is just see what then we'll know which screen is active.
William Ouimet: It just start the slideshow.
William Ouimet: That you're good yeah that's so you know you see a bunch of people, and then you see your slides right.
jrstone: I have, I have the presenter mode and one screen and.
jrstone: A of what people are supposed to see, on the other, I need to switch, I think, be Can you see my, what do you see do you see.
William Ouimet: where we are.
jrstone: right side cut off.
jrstone: or.
William Ouimet: Or do you see the full well, technically speaking, I do see like that there is a little bit of shrinkage.
William Ouimet: I like the usgs symbols cut up.
jrstone: So that that.
William Ouimet: Well that's presenter mode so that that shows that, I mean you could present an either, but to get full screen, you probably wanted don't want to do that.
jrstone: Now, but what are you seeing now you are you, you say you're seeing my right hand screen, which has got a problem with it because it cuts things off.
William Ouimet: No i'm now seeing the presenter mode, which has the main slide and the next slide.
jrstone: Okay, so I can't do that then.
William Ouimet: yeah yeah so you either so one idea is, are you on a computer than just a secondary monitor that can just be unplugged from your laptop.
William Ouimet: yep well I just do what I did is I just unplugged it for when I was giving the presentation and so I only had one screen and so that said and I that also was good, because then I was looking at the camera when.
jrstone: I was presenting yeah well so that's why I was hoping that I could keep the.
jrstone: Have the the viewer mode showing up on my my computer that has a camera but it's it's not switching I guess when I when I change it.
William Ouimet: yeah i'm trying to think what's the best way to do that now it's even more shrunk it's weird like I can't see any of the usgs symbol right now.
Paul Olsen: And if I can jump in it's off do you often have you have two monitors, you have your computer screen, monitor and then you have a separate monitor.
Paul Olsen: So right yes.
Paul Olsen: Okay, so you have to go down, where it says to them to the video symbol and look at.
Paul Olsen: might have to check see it says select cat if you if you go to the carrot it'll say select a camera.
Paul Olsen: If you have a separate you have a separate camera than one on your computer.
jrstone: No it's on the computer.
Paul Olsen: So you can't wait a little happen is, if you I found I didn't figure out a way to have presenter view show up off my main computer what usually happens is the presenter view or show my main computer screen and then the projected image like what will show up on the on my monitor.
Paul Olsen: which for me is fine, because I have a separate camera on top of my monitor, but you don't you want to look at your screen right.
jrstone: Well, I just want to show the slide so that's not partly cut off because my my separate monitor is.
jrstone: Not for some reason it's not it's cutting off part of the slide see I see.
Paul Olsen: I see, so I see that.
that's really interesting.
Paul Olsen: In PowerPoint you can see the whole screen, the whole slide.
jrstone: I see the whole slide in the presenter view where i've got the next slide showing up to.
jrstone: But, so I thought that if I.
jrstone: Was showing the putting the.
jrstone: The the what the view of what the viewers supposed to see on my.
jrstone: Computer slide, which also has a computer window, which has the the camera also that.
Paul Olsen: It would work, but you have in your view, a picture of the little box of yourself.
Paul Olsen: In other words, yes.
Paul Olsen: Okay, so, if you look to your left to that image you'll see a little double white line.
Paul Olsen: You have that I find that if I move that it changes the size of the screen that's that takes the taken up by your presentation and if you have the same thing, since you're sharing a screen that might change the aspect ratio.
Paul Olsen: So go general mode.
William Ouimet: So Janet yeah.
jrstone: Do you what are you seeing now well.
William Ouimet: Now we see that the the main slide and the next slide next to it.
jrstone: Okay, so it's my my monitor.
jrstone: that's plugged into the computer is only show no matter whether I switch it for myself or not.
jrstone: it's just showing showing the.
William Ouimet: Agenda up top it says display settings can you just switch the screens quickly.
jrstone: that's what i've done several times now, so now i'm switching and again.
William Ouimet: Have a duplicate.
William Ouimet: Have you tried duplicate or you just switching.
jrstone: Now I didn't know what you will admit.
William Ouimet: I mean that puts the same thing on each screen.
William Ouimet: Okay, just try that for just try that for a second.
jrstone: Okay.
William Ouimet: Well, that that's perfect.
jrstone: yeah.
jrstone: that's good you're not seeing the little pictures of me too.
William Ouimet: Yes, no, no, no, no, I I see the full screen the full slide no cropping and I see you, which is great.
William Ouimet: Okay we're good we're good we got it.
jrstone: Okay, so.
William Ouimet: yep awesome awesome.
jrstone: said I don't have the.
William Ouimet: Oh, you.
jrstone: Have that little menu, where you can where the tools are to change the slides and zoom in and stuff i'm not seeing that.
William Ouimet: Right, so you want to be able to zoom in.
jrstone: I would like to be able to zoom in.
jrstone: But I don't know.
jrstone: Maybe it's not it's just not gonna.
William Ouimet: What happens if you while you're presenting if you if you touch the slide does the zoom in option become an option.
William Ouimet: Right click it or touch it.
jrstone: Can you see my.
William Ouimet: cursor yep I can, Sir, Sir, sir.
jrstone: See all slides pointer options.
William Ouimet: What a screen option.
jrstone: Black screen white screen or cho taskbar.
William Ouimet: If you got to move your mouse to the lower left is that does the zoom options become no.
William Ouimet: No.
William Ouimet: interesting.
William Ouimet: zoom in button there, but I don't think that does what we want to do right because you want to be more dynamic.
jrstone: Oh, maybe I.
William Ouimet: Oh baby.
jrstone: I think that works, how do I get out now.
jrstone: Oh, it just you just click it it goes back.
William Ouimet: out that's great so you right click when you want to zoom hit the zoom in gives you a box.
William Ouimet: pop in.
William Ouimet: Good that's good right yep.
jrstone: that's good all right.
jrstone: Okay, so I know I need to and share right right.
William Ouimet: And is that, as far as soon as you want to go or did you want to.
jrstone: sell yeah no that's fine that's all I could do.
jrstone: Before so okay.
jrstone: um.
jrstone: New share pause here.
William Ouimet: yeah stop sharing if you bring your put your cursor to the top.
William Ouimet: It should just say.
jrstone: I see new share and resume share.
William Ouimet: yeah now you stop you stop the present visitation.
William Ouimet: Just click on that green that that the green or red the top and there should be.
William Ouimet: an option on the left.
jrstone: Stop share okay there it is alright.
So.
William Ouimet: Okay, everyone it's a.
William Ouimet: Like I said.
William Ouimet: I think the plan is the plan is we're going to resume at.
William Ouimet: Okay, just by just by a show of a thumbs up how many have you managed to start a map and put dots or lines on it thumbs up or down.
William Ouimet: I actually put a folder within the store if anyone wants to upload their map there quick screenshot that the more than happy to i'd love to kind of keep keep track of it or even posted in the in the chat either way it's fine by me.
William Ouimet: As anybody managed to open the public Community mapper and put a line or a.on the map that that is a stone wall or a charcoal hearth.
William Ouimet: No thumbs.
William Ouimet: All right, that's okay.
William Ouimet: You promised me, you will right.
William Ouimet: Okay, so at this point it's 1240.
William Ouimet: It we're technically in lunch break if anyone wants to I will eat I will stay on he all.
William Ouimet: He did my food, but if there's any questions or other things, if you want to talk about feel free to stay on otherwise log off and log back on and beyond by 115 for Janet Janet will begin her slides soon after 115 Okay, have a good lunch everybody.
William Ouimet: Oh you're muted.
William Ouimet: Everybody hear me so.
William Ouimet: Okay we're back post lunch.
William Ouimet: We have one.
William Ouimet: main section of the workshop to go and that's the transition to superficial mapping.
William Ouimet: And Janet will lead on those on those lecture slides in one bit, but just to put a nice conclusion on the previous portion in the last mapping exercise i'm just going to go ahead and share briefly.
William Ouimet: Share screen.
William Ouimet: Okay, so so we left off just thinking about this was the example terrain, which is all all completely forced it today forgot to mention that.
William Ouimet: But it has some nice expression of historic land use features, this was the hill shade, and this was the slope map and do a do a combination of both and looking closely.
William Ouimet: You might have produced a map that looks something like this, where the red lines are stone walls, the blue are charcoal charcoal hearts and then I actually went ahead and I added the.
William Ouimet: Building foundations, or some kind of structures and then the the the old road and some indication of trail.
William Ouimet: The trail that's running on the North Eastern portion of this map is the appalachian trail actually it goes right through this portion this portion of typography.
William Ouimet: So again, the the images I show, I was able to see from some of you were really illustrative that you can kind of see that I just pop back and forth between the two maps, you can see, when it comes to the charcoal Horace the blue dots that they're almost always nice anomalies.
William Ouimet: In the slope value, and of course the stone wall, so the the linear features, mostly down in the the valleys where it's was was used for that particular type of a store managers activity so.
William Ouimet: There was some time to ask questions, but we can, if there's a lingering aspects to this story mapping, please do let me know and we can.
William Ouimet: And when we wrap up if there's any lingering questions, please go ahead and ask them, the last thing i'll just say that I mentioned, is that if you do get around to trying the cloud based webmasters.
William Ouimet: By now you're a little bit more familiar with the interfaces of some of these web Apps.
William Ouimet: The idea is to go in, they have similar layers as the other ones, but these actually let you map individual features on your own, and then the minute you do that you put your name down your email address.
William Ouimet: And it gets part of the cloud and it saved in the server and it allows you to contribute directly to the.
William Ouimet: To to the process of collecting these features, there are a set of instructions within the folder folder three that speak to how to use these if you are interested, but, from this point forward, please consider yourself.
William Ouimet: Trained or at least aware of these these.
William Ouimet: These resources, and I would really look forward to anyone, contributing to the degree that they want.
William Ouimet: Okay, so i'll just go ahead and end there i'll stop share Janet and assuming we're all good to go will start next section.
jrstone: Okay i'm going to attempt to share my screen with you.
let's see I can't even there.
William Ouimet: Are the duplicate after it shares, I think, is the key.
Oh.
jrstone: OK OK i'm having click share screen yet.
jrstone: Oh, I see there's two.
jrstone: can pick two different screens here.
William Ouimet: All right, we're getting close.
jrstone: Can you see anything yet.
William Ouimet: I see this day click on presenter mode I do see I do see PowerPoint.
jrstone: I.
jrstone: Use presenter mode.
William Ouimet: Sorry it's just start the slideshow.
jrstone: Oh okay.
jrstone: Okay.
jrstone: Are you seeing the whole slide or.
William Ouimet: No, it did you click from beginning to end, and you started officially.
jrstone: I did click.
jrstone: I did click from beginning yes.
William Ouimet: And we're still seeing the I still see the the whole program just try it again, maybe.
that's weird.
William Ouimet: How about the button in the bottom that's next to the slider the zoom slider.
William Ouimet: and lower right that but right there's also goes to presenter mode.
jrstone: You know.
jrstone: I.
jrstone: I have that on again, so I see two different screens.
jrstone: Maybe if I switch the screens.
William Ouimet: or go up to the top and the zoo that duplicate option again.
jrstone: Where was that.
William Ouimet: In the op.
William Ouimet: When you had the display settings.
William Ouimet: On the top of the screen.
William Ouimet: Maybe.
William Ouimet: From.
William Ouimet: But outside outside of just go to the top just put your cursor to the top of the screen and see if you see options for the sharing.
jrstone: yeah.
William Ouimet: We just had this a second ago.
What I know.
William Ouimet: Maybe something's not working as you should be.
William Ouimet: jumping to the actual slideshow.
jrstone: Well, I am on my screen i'm on i'm on the slideshow.
William Ouimet: So cancel close close the one that the one that shows yeah see there's like to open or something like that.
jrstone: Interesting sharing his stopped.
jrstone: Okay.
William Ouimet: We just had this.
William Ouimet: Okay, those of you.
William Ouimet: Just work through this.
jrstone: I know when I tried to keep it open up through the whole thing, but my my whole screen system change, so I don't know what happened.
jrstone: I mean I wasn't getting first I wasn't getting, though.
jrstone: The zoom tools and then.
William Ouimet: Okay let's try again maybe second time's a charm.
jrstone: Okay i'm seeing two screens with two different views are you seeing any well probably not sharing anymore.
William Ouimet: I see you.
jrstone: Okay, so so now, I do not see any um.
jrstone: I don't see any zoom tools.
jrstone: So I can't share my screen.
William Ouimet: Okay.
jrstone: here's the here okay share screen.
William Ouimet: And just share that program that I.
William Ouimet: tried to traveling PowerPoint not click the screen.
William Ouimet: Right now try to start the presentation again.
William Ouimet: Oh, there we go.
jrstone: we're good, are you seeing the whole slide.
William Ouimet: We are, and we are ready okay.
jrstone: sorry about that.
jrstone: Okay.
jrstone: Okay, so.
Basically.
jrstone: i'm for official mapping in.
jrstone: Connecticut and in Massachusetts, we have to published quick ternary geologic maps are sufficient geologic maps the one from Connecticut was published back in 2005 and it's um it's what you see when you.
jrstone: Go on, to these online viewers it's what's in the viewer that we've been talking about this morning, so.
jrstone: This this map has been out for a while and it was of course the mapping was done before we had any lidar and.
jrstone: The base map to which is the units are mapped is is the 24,000 scale 10 foot contour interval interval telegraphic maps, even though the map this published paper map is you know at 120 5000 scale the mapping was done and and digitized at 24,000 scale.
jrstone: In Massachusetts.
jrstone: And we've recently published in 2019 so official materials, a map of Massachusetts Massachusetts, this is not.
jrstone: It doesn't contain the word ternary geologic units yet those are we're still working on, but the materials.
jrstone: map is available online, either as a GIs database or as pdfs of each quad 199 quadrangles at.
jrstone: The 24,000 scale So these are we consider pretty good superficial geologic maps for the seats of of.
jrstone: Connecticut Massachusetts in they're available online at the addresses you see on the slides so we're going to start with an example area in Massachusetts, this is the Mount toby quadrangle.
jrstone: and
jrstone: Then this is showing the entire quadrangle, and these are the kinds of units that are mapped in Massachusetts we have areas of let's actually i'm going to zoom into a closer smaller area.
jrstone: These are the units that have been mapped.
jrstone: Again, using the 10 full contour interval what you see as a base map here.
jrstone: Not not lidar.
jrstone: So we're we're in Massachusetts we map the bedrock air better outcrop areas that includes both actual outcrop in the solid red and areas of of closely spaced out crops or shallow bedrock that can be seen in the typography in in the red colors there and.
jrstone: also affected areas predominantly dumped drawn lines, and of course the thin till areas which are shown over the entire area even underneath the glacier melt water deposits.
jrstone: So the glacial meltwater deposits in Massachusetts are at the moment are simply shown, is whether they're coarse grained units in the orange or fine grain units in the blue that is sands and grapples versus silt in clays and and the the.
jrstone: GIs layers are in layers like that, so that the post glacial deposits, the younger deposits are actually sitting on top of the equation meltwater deposits, so we have early post glacial units like sand or sand dunes and alluvial fans.
jrstone: And then the modern post glacial units floodplains and swamps and, of course, artificial phil.
jrstone: So this geology, as I said, was has been mapped on the.
jrstone: 10 foot continental topographic maps and we now have.
jrstone: lidar which is.
jrstone: Give showing us a whole new view of what's what's actually out there.
jrstone: And the the DM allows us to see the altitude, as can be seen on this graph now, but in much greater detail.
jrstone: So i'm going to go through the unit's map units that we have mapped.
jrstone: Talking about how how you can see what what the aspects of the units are that help you help you mount them so bedrock.
jrstone: outcrop areas are generally, but not always found in at higher altitudes within within any particular area there characterized by steep slopes and irregular typography and commonly linear ridges.
jrstone: And a lot of times, as you can see right right here in the.
jrstone: mount toby area and Massachusetts you can see, the structure of the bedrock in.
jrstone: In the lidar much, much more than you can in the total graphic now.
jrstone: So in this particular place area we're in a place where we have the eastern border fault of the mesozoic base and cutting right through the area there.
jrstone: And so over here we have plenty of self at fictious metamorphic rocks and over here we have the mountain toby conglomerate and the other sedimentary units.
jrstone: Of the of the base and.
jrstone: that's much more much clearer in the in the lidar the difference between the morphology you're seeing in the metamorphic rocks versus in the sedimentary rocks if we zoom in a little bit here on the Mount toby area, we can see the dip slopes, and the layering in.
jrstone: The amount tell me conglomerate.
jrstone: But we can also see, I think, if you look closely a difference in texture and the unit that's running through they are just like that, and that is the deerfield the salt deerfield basalt unit that's in that.
jrstone: That section there so.
jrstone: I think that's truly remarkable what how much more more, you can see in the in about the structure and the and the characteristic of the bedroom but i'm not going to dwell on that because i'm talking about mostly about superficial mapping here.
jrstone: So will will continue to one with.
jrstone: Some epic tale deposits.
jrstone: On these deposits occur typically in drumline land forms and on the Northwest sides of of bedrock hills.
jrstone: Their cat is characterized by smooth topography, with a general generally within North Northwest to South South south east trend, and in some places like here the drone ones are form the the highest hills in the area and they sit on on top of lower line bedrock So you can see, in.
jrstone: pointing to the screen with you can see that.
jrstone: You can see the red unit in there, showing the.
jrstone: The shallow bedrock so here with the the DM turned on, you can see that the higher the higher hills here are the drone ones they stand up above the underlying bedroom.
jrstone: So in this area of East brookfield.
jrstone: Massachusetts this what you see on this screen is the map extent of.
jrstone: bedrock in the red line pattern and drawn lines or victorville in the green polygons.
jrstone: This is what the person who map this quadrangle considered to be safe in terms of mapping drone ones.
jrstone: But focus is where we bring the lidar in two areas.
jrstone: Areas Can you see my cursor.
Paul Olsen: Yes, yes.
jrstone: i'm in areas like here and here and over here on which were not mapped as the till or drone ones.
jrstone: That you're where they mapped as.
jrstone: As bedrock hills, but in the topography, it just wasn't clear enough to say that this for sure this is thick till, but when we bring in the lidar, we can see that there's a lot more thick tail in there in here than what what was previously mapped.
jrstone: So this is the new extent of mapping till after using the lidar.
jrstone: Okay, so we're moving a little bit farther South here in this is an East furred Connecticut where this is the Rogers bedrock mouth, that is shown in colors.
jrstone: And the strike and dip symbols which are part of that Rogers bedrock map and so you see that their bed the bedrock here is a strong Northwest striking trend.
jrstone: And it is clearly over.
jrstone: printed by.
jrstone: North did I say Northwest sorry the Northeast trend and it's over printed by drama typography which is trending on Northwest southeast so let's zoom into a.
jrstone: Smaller area.
jrstone: And we see the strong strike ridges and beautiful.
jrstone: Cross cutting fractures several sets of cross cutting fractures cutting through those northeast striking.
jrstone: strike ridges and we see the drum the smooth topography of the Germans standing above so.
jrstone: In Connecticut we have not mapped the shallow bedrock areas it's a job that's needs to be done.
jrstone: And I think it can be very well done using lidar.
jrstone: i've gone ahead and done in this small area.
jrstone: And so, if we take that out of the picture we have what we have left is is the thicker thicker till areas, this first unit, you see.
jrstone: showing up here is what was mapped as thick tail and notice that now that i've drawn the bedrock areas from the lidar in here those two are are.
jrstone: contradicting each other's each other and that, in this case, we need to have less thick till then, then what was previously mount when we looked at the lidar so this new unit is.
jrstone: Is the thick till.
jrstone: That I would map now using just the lot using the lidar information.
jrstone: And then there's some glacial meltwater deposits in there also shown in.
William Ouimet: That purple.
jrstone: colored unit.
jrstone: So let's move on to.
jrstone: Talking about the glacial meltwater deposits.
jrstone: and
jrstone: This is a delta be with a beautiful top set for us at contact of glacial lake hitchcock.
jrstone: They shall melt water deposits are characterized by flat top to gently sloping surfaces, which are locally interrupted by depressions that.
jrstone: are caused by melting of buried ice blocks meltwater deposits on typically occur at specific altitudes within within any one area as there because there are levels were controlled by particular temporary.
jrstone: glacial lakes or fluid different fluidly old base level, so they occur, so the altitude of the deposit is important, and when you're trying to mount them, this is the.
jrstone: lat long plane delta is we're back in the Mount toby quadrangle and Massachusetts have long plane delta classic land form that was built in into delta was built into glacial lake hitchcock which was at an altitude of 90 meters out in front of the delta here, and then in the out.
jrstone: In front of the Delta, we have like bottom services which are labeled as lb here and that those are are basically at about 30 meters and altitude hundred keep melted.
jrstone: To the next slide is a a photo from the long plane delta shown beautifully the tops it for set context, this is sit gravelly top set beds overlying sandy for set beds and the top set for set contact, of course, marks the level of the glacial lake into which the delta was built.
jrstone: And then.
jrstone: out in front in an exposure and exposures, we would, if we dug into the lake bottom, we would see the bar silt in clays.
jrstone: So basically again, I think you know we have mapped the glacial meltwater deposits in Connecticut and Massachusetts very well at 24,000 scale using 10 for content for content contour inch from.
jrstone: TELCO maps spot and regional deposition of models, but when we bring when we.
jrstone: Have have gotten a lidar what we've found is that there are many places where not only do the context, need to be moved slightly and their location.
jrstone: more accurately depicted, but there are also many places where there are small deposits up in the uplands especially which were the meltwater deposits of sand and gravel has not been mapped at all and we'll zoom into one area here up in the northern part of the templeton quadrangle.
jrstone: So this is a topographic map and what units were map there.
jrstone: previously.
jrstone: And we're focus on the.
jrstone: This area, right here, as we bring the lidar and.
jrstone: And notice it wow isn't that an ester I see there.
jrstone: And it's just popping right out which, whereas in the typography you couldn't see it at all.
jrstone: And so.
jrstone: The yellow line to delineates an area that I would see as a small, I stand upon deposits that deposit, this is a North sloping Valley, with a small stream going to the millers river here.
jrstone: and
jrstone: Santa gravel was deposited in that valley here's the unit shown as the ice margin retreated northward from the drainage divide and small little poundings developed.
jrstone: spilling across the drainage divided first and then have that a 965 foot spillway and then across the side of the valley into slightly lower levels.
jrstone: So the Oscar there's is what kind of makes your I.
jrstone: jump to this being.
jrstone: A glacier meltwater deposit that had not previously been mount.
jrstone: And this is kind of interesting because, if we go a little farther so we were just down here looking if we go farther north, we can see it actually continues for several miles, more to the north standing above the glacial.
jrstone: This is glacial lake denison deposits here in the lighter yellow color that are.
jrstone: are below their services are below the esper which stands above so the esper is older and associated with.
The.
jrstone: The part of it, we saw the southern part of it in that purple color deposit to the self.
jrstone: And again there that's just showing it more highlight with the color so this asked if we didn't want to spend the time to go farther North from here, but I, you can also trace this.
jrstone: This asked her up over the upland till upland and back down into another valley for six six and a half or so miles to the north.
jrstone: And it it it, I presume continue may continue in new Hampshire but I don't have like our figure out there, so.
jrstone: It may well be there, so that's kind of cool it's reminiscent of the hundred mile long asperger's that have been found in maine and we didn't know, we had them in Massachusetts.
jrstone: So we were moving down here here down to to Connecticut again, this is the Essex quadrangle.
jrstone: Where there is a.
jrstone: An area where I found an unmapped glacial meltwater deposit in this small tributary Valley.
jrstone: comes the lidar and you can see that there's something that appears asked her like, although it may be eroded by post glacial erosion on on northeast side there but.
jrstone: This will the tm and.
jrstone: Please zoom in a little bit, you can see the.
jrstone: kettle looking typography there and and.
jrstone: asked her Ridge.
jrstone: There and farther north, the same valley so as a result of of using the lidar i've mapped the home other unit in here slightly older than the deposits down in the valley.
jrstone: To the north northeast of this valley and.
jrstone: Okay that's that area here's another example in the deep river quadrangle.
jrstone: Units you're seeing now, or what is on the published map in the in this area here.
jrstone: there's nothing now for a glacial meltwater deposit.
jrstone: And here's the lidar and we want to be looking in here and in here.
jrstone: First, I have some bedrock in here i've mapped all in this view, everything that I think I can say is probably shallow bedrock.
jrstone: zoom in a little bit.
jrstone: There you see this.
jrstone: looks like maybe a cuddled body of sand gravel there and Esther like feature.
jrstone: So I have mapped another small I stand pond deposit with a feeder escort.
jrstone: And here's a view.
jrstone: I went on a hike in in the coc upon state forest and found that that Ridge, which we saw on the lidar, and indeed it is there's till here in the.
jrstone: Lower part of the of the photo, but this is a sanding sand and gravel rich nika didn't have time to dig any holes but there's a go for hole where you can see some cobbles coming up so.
jrstone: Okay, so there are places nearly everywhere, when I look scrolls on these viewers through Connecticut Massachusetts I can find small areas of meltwater deposits that needs to be mapped.
jrstone: So we'll move on to post glacial deposits.
jrstone: The these are generally characterized by flatlining surfaces and in low lying areas along rivers and streams and in upland basins.
jrstone: And that original scarf that marks the edge of the floodplain is very distinct on lidar images and it's not not distinct on tend to it content will come to rentable topographic maps.
jrstone: So this is an example in along the scan tick river.
jrstone: In.
jrstone: I think this is East Windsor Connecticut.
jrstone: These are the units as mapped.
jrstone: On the published map.
jrstone: So we have some stream terraces in the orange and.
jrstone: lake bottom glacial lake hitchcock like bottom sediments in the Green and there's a beautiful little Jerome one in the middle there and then the floodplain oblivion and yellow so here's the lidar.
jrstone: pale shade and then put some color on it.
jrstone: And you can see that the that scarf of the floodplain is very, very visible.
jrstone: And could easily be delineated using this lidar here's the mapped.
jrstone: luteal unit, and you can see that in many places like here and.
jrstone: Here, and here pretty much everywhere that line needs to be.