WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.001 --> 00:00:10.440 Richard Esposito: Okay welcome everybody thank I want to thank everyone for attending today and I want to thank the people at GSA the southeast section for all their support on this. 2 00:00:11.400 --> 00:00:25.710 Richard Esposito: support, and I welcome everybody i'm actually sitting in a trailer right now, at a wealth site which we're drilling in Mississippi and we're going to explore the possibilities of CO2 storage, so I am Richard Esposito. 3 00:00:26.190 --> 00:00:39.420 Richard Esposito: I am a geologist I work at southern company and I manage a wide range of programs involving energy geology I work with energy storage I work with geothermal energy. 4 00:00:39.720 --> 00:00:48.660 Richard Esposito: Work with CO2 storage and geological formations and also some other really interesting things like deep well isolation of spent nuclear fuel and there's actually a. 5 00:00:48.990 --> 00:01:01.080 Richard Esposito: Section or a session coming up later this week that that's going to be involved in that, and we also have a session on CO2 geological storage, so I would encourage everyone to follow up and watch that so. 6 00:01:02.070 --> 00:01:13.590 Richard Esposito: Southern company has a very robust R amp D program for electrical utility and we're looking at a low carbon future we're looking at how we're going to be meeting greenhouse gas reduction goals in the future. 7 00:01:14.280 --> 00:01:24.150 Richard Esposito: And some of that will involve building renewables, such as solar and wind, but a lot of it may involve scrubbing existing power plants with carbon capture technologies. 8 00:01:24.480 --> 00:01:27.960 Richard Esposito: And that is a technology called carbon capture and storage. 9 00:01:28.530 --> 00:01:35.970 Richard Esposito: And so I work more on the storage side and that's the side, where, after we capture the CO2 we transport it to geological formations. 10 00:01:36.300 --> 00:01:48.180 Richard Esposito: And we inject it into these formations for long term secure geological storage now with That said, you can much imagine just like looking for oil and gas deposits there's a lot of exploration and. 11 00:01:48.570 --> 00:01:56.970 Richard Esposito: Development that goes in in looking for these formations and where these locate location of these formations are really good for CO2 storage. 12 00:01:57.210 --> 00:02:06.600 Richard Esposito: So site characterization is really important, and so today we're going to be going over a lot of discussions on site characterization like I said we're actually at a site. 13 00:02:06.900 --> 00:02:17.100 Richard Esposito: Where we just got through drilling a well when we first plan this field trip we didn't know the timing of this well we knew it was going to be being drilled right about this time but we're just finishing up the well. 14 00:02:17.640 --> 00:02:21.960 Richard Esposito: But we've done a lot of videotaping before we drill the well and during drilling of the well. 15 00:02:22.620 --> 00:02:25.470 Richard Esposito: And we've also got some folks that have done some drone video. 16 00:02:25.890 --> 00:02:39.930 Richard Esposito: Of the operation so we're going to get to look at that so with that i'm going to be turning it over and I want to talk about the program so this program that we're involved here is actually funded by the Department of Energy, I want to give a huge shout out to them. 17 00:02:40.830 --> 00:02:54.060 Richard Esposito: They fund a lot of this research and development and carbon and one of the organizations that has the cooperative agreement for one of the do we programs, which is called the carbon safe program is the southern states energy board and i'm going to be. 18 00:02:55.680 --> 00:03:03.900 Richard Esposito: Introducing right now Ben we're net he is actually with the southern states energy board he's going to say a few things about the southern states energy board what they do. 19 00:03:04.410 --> 00:03:13.770 Richard Esposito: And, and then we're going to move back along to the site operators advanced resources, international, which are the folks that are going to be drilling the well so with that i'm going to turn it over to bed. 20 00:03:18.780 --> 00:03:19.230 Richard Esposito: Okay. 21 00:03:25.980 --> 00:03:29.280 Richard Esposito: Sorry i'm trying to share screen near. 22 00:03:32.160 --> 00:03:32.550 Richard Esposito: Okay. 23 00:03:40.320 --> 00:03:42.390 Richard Esposito: Are you able to see that, without any issues. 24 00:03:46.140 --> 00:03:54.540 Richard Esposito: I mean well today i'm Dave recent Berg at advanced resources international will be speaking at length about large volume scale to storage in the southeastern us. 25 00:03:55.170 --> 00:04:06.870 Richard Esposito: As Richard said i'm with the southern states energy board who manages the cooperative agreement from the Department of Energy and assists with the daily management of the East coast project. 26 00:04:07.410 --> 00:04:16.560 Richard Esposito: briefly here the southern states energy board is an energy or excuse me it's an interstate compact organization that was created by State law and consented to by Congress. 27 00:04:17.430 --> 00:04:25.230 Richard Esposito: The energy board is made up of 16 US states and to us territories, those being Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands. 28 00:04:26.040 --> 00:04:32.820 Richard Esposito: Each jurisdiction is represented by a governor a legislator from the House in the Senate and a governor's alternate. 29 00:04:33.270 --> 00:04:42.150 Richard Esposito: The boards broad mission is to enhance the economic development and quality of life in the south, through innovations in energy and environmental policies programs and technologies. 30 00:04:42.750 --> 00:04:57.810 Richard Esposito: One of the programs we pursue this mission with is the east coast project that is ultimately funded by the Department of Energy and the Board is supported by 11 staff members who oversee and mentor manage these federally funded projects. 31 00:05:00.150 --> 00:05:06.330 Richard Esposito: Okay, so part of the southern states energy board research portfolio is the carbon management for portfolio. 32 00:05:06.690 --> 00:05:12.570 Richard Esposito: Here in this figure i'm showing the southeastern United States with the sea car breach and outlined in green. 33 00:05:12.900 --> 00:05:24.720 Richard Esposito: See carb is one of four of do e's regional carbon sequestration partnerships and i've also plotted a number of active and inactive field scale and regional studies. 34 00:05:25.140 --> 00:05:35.880 Richard Esposito: it's important to note here that a lot of these regional studies in the area have led to technology transfer and some interesting scale up for for commercial deployment in the southeast. 35 00:05:36.600 --> 00:05:44.310 Richard Esposito: If you have any questions about so in states energy board or our carbon management program I recommend that you contact us directly i've. 36 00:05:44.790 --> 00:05:51.960 Richard Esposito: put our contacts here in the bottom left hand portion of this finger or you're more than welcome to visit our site directly to. 37 00:05:52.710 --> 00:06:02.310 Richard Esposito: So with that i'm going to hand things over to Dave rustenburg who's going to talk a little bit more about the history of the project and a little bit about the geology as well, thank you. 38 00:06:08.790 --> 00:06:10.320 Richard Esposito: Alright, thanks everyone. 39 00:06:11.460 --> 00:06:16.440 Richard Esposito: happy to be participating in a GSA meeting, and I promise you will get some geology here in a moment. 40 00:06:20.280 --> 00:06:27.960 Richard Esposito: So, as I think both Ben and Richard mentioned this project, supported by the US Department of Energy through their carbon safe Program. 41 00:06:28.800 --> 00:06:37.170 Richard Esposito: And the aspiration of that program is to support commercial CO2 storage projects, obviously in the United States. 42 00:06:37.620 --> 00:06:46.380 Richard Esposito: And then they've defined commercial is projects that would would inject and safely store up to 50 million metric tons of apartment oxides. 43 00:06:46.800 --> 00:06:56.940 Richard Esposito: The big projects and ones that are that are mature enough state that they could perhaps be doing CO2 injection by as early as 2023 so in a couple of years. 44 00:06:59.430 --> 00:07:04.080 Richard Esposito: let's see yeah so the fact that there's a large project team i'll show you some of their. 45 00:07:05.610 --> 00:07:16.920 Richard Esposito: logos here in a slide or two but suffice to say that a lot of what I represented his work that was done by by a lot of great geoscientists and i'll try to mention their affiliations and needs as we move through it. 46 00:07:18.090 --> 00:07:31.020 Richard Esposito: i'm not sure how folks are able to to ask questions if you know folks from GSA want to interrupt me if there's questions if there's things that are coming up on a chat that's certainly fine but. 47 00:07:32.880 --> 00:07:47.520 Richard Esposito: Anyway, so the project egos it started in about five years ago when we were working with southern company and Mississippi power and we identified this site under and around the what was then called the capper county energy facility. 48 00:07:48.090 --> 00:08:01.410 Richard Esposito: which was a concept, then, was to do a coal gasification plant, so you take lignite gasify it in that process produces a lot of carbon dioxide in itself and then combust that gas for energy. 49 00:08:02.370 --> 00:08:12.600 Richard Esposito: So in 2017 we started this carbon safe program and drill three wells and we're really excited about what we saw and i'll show you some some of those results here. 50 00:08:13.290 --> 00:08:29.700 Richard Esposito: As we move through the presentation, but at the same time that I GCC plant make a change scope let's say and they moved to a just a natural gas combustion power plants, instead of gas and coal they're burning natural gas that's being transported to the site via pipeline and so. 51 00:08:30.870 --> 00:08:35.610 Richard Esposito: that's actually a less of a CO2 emissions source now than it was anticipated to be. 52 00:08:36.990 --> 00:08:46.560 Richard Esposito: Meanwhile we're seeing things that really excite us on the storage geology side of things, and so we're we're now we've moved into this concept of this being a regional CO2 storage hub. 53 00:08:47.010 --> 00:08:53.280 Richard Esposito: of sufficient volume that we could probably take CO2 from multiple southern company power plants is stored here. 54 00:08:54.570 --> 00:08:57.240 Richard Esposito: And we're now in Phase three of this carbon safe Program. 55 00:08:58.530 --> 00:09:07.590 Richard Esposito: continue to evaluate the geology of the of the site through activities, including the the well drilling that we're we're overseeing as we speak. 56 00:09:08.400 --> 00:09:14.940 Richard Esposito: But we're also bringing in the CO2 capture and transportation aspect of this, you know CO2. 57 00:09:15.330 --> 00:09:25.650 Richard Esposito: capture and storage, as you can imagine, as a kind of a whole chain process there's a place, you have to capture the CO2, you need to move it to your injection site and then inject it, and so the geology is only one component of it. 58 00:09:27.090 --> 00:09:38.220 Richard Esposito: A lot of different partners on this project you saw Ben from southern states energy board and Richard from southern company, but there's you know there's geologists from the geological survey of Alabama. 59 00:09:39.240 --> 00:09:43.950 Richard Esposito: there's geologists from uab and engineers from uab geologists from. 60 00:09:45.390 --> 00:09:55.560 Richard Esposito: Oklahoma State University oh and they're probably even missing a few, but then you add to that a lot of different engineers looking at aspects of the CO2 capture and transportation. 61 00:09:57.780 --> 00:10:08.910 Richard Esposito: So you know we're located and kind of East central Mississippi for those that are you know more surface focused geologists we're in the north central hills district of the physio graphic region. 62 00:10:09.570 --> 00:10:20.700 Richard Esposito: That box in the image on the right shows you where where where CAP or county is located in the southern edge of it, the left is an image of the IPCC plant when it was fully operational. 63 00:10:23.370 --> 00:10:25.650 Richard Esposito: So a little bit about the stratego fee at the site. 64 00:10:27.990 --> 00:10:44.910 Richard Esposito: You know just a very brief comment about CO2 storage and what kind of things you want to look for obviously you're looking for porous and permeable reservoirs you're looking to eject large volumes of fluid the subsurface let's see a tues buoyant, and so what you want to find is. 65 00:10:46.170 --> 00:10:54.930 Richard Esposito: Is is pores impermeable units that CAP rock to them so kind of similar to a conventional oil trap, so what what's being highlighted there some of those formations the policy. 66 00:10:55.830 --> 00:11:00.420 Richard Esposito: The one sheet of fredericksburg interval middle of which we've dubbed the big Fred it's a big pile of sand. 67 00:11:01.170 --> 00:11:09.540 Richard Esposito: And then, at about 3500 feet deep you've got the tuscaloosa lower tuscaloosa massive saying and then just beneath and unconformity you've got the upper most wash Fred. 68 00:11:10.380 --> 00:11:18.870 Richard Esposito: And that's called the Chancellor Sam you got two big regional unconformity, as you can see here the one at the base of the section, which is. 69 00:11:19.290 --> 00:11:28.110 Richard Esposito: moorings port that's the deepest cretaceous unit that we see here and it sits right on top of paleozoic and then you have that big unconformity there between. 70 00:11:29.310 --> 00:11:39.600 Richard Esposito: lower and upper cretaceous there at the top of the Chancellor, you got confining units in the in the form of the Marine tuscaloosa shale and then also shallower than that. 71 00:11:40.740 --> 00:11:54.510 Richard Esposito: You got the Selma group and the porters creek shale, but you also have confinement in between the storage reservoirs there's their shells in the upper part in the lower part of the watch Fred section. 72 00:12:00.240 --> 00:12:04.320 Richard Esposito: So structurally, this is a pretty interesting part of the world. 73 00:12:05.610 --> 00:12:06.870 Richard Esposito: you're kind of at the. 74 00:12:08.370 --> 00:12:18.270 Richard Esposito: at a juncture between appalachian tectonic belts, which of course are extending to the east northeast kind of bounding the south end of the the warrior basin. 75 00:12:19.140 --> 00:12:26.760 Richard Esposito: And then to the Northwest you've got the watch a tall tectonic belt and then all kind of comes together and the deep subsurface beneath kemper county. 76 00:12:28.530 --> 00:12:39.840 Richard Esposito: And if you look at that image, the middle, you can see, somewhat, but at least looks to me like appalachian you know thrust belt complex there and in the middle of the paleozoic section. 77 00:12:40.950 --> 00:12:45.270 Richard Esposito: But above that in the cretaceous and tertiary section you kind of have. 78 00:12:46.440 --> 00:12:50.970 Richard Esposito: You know railroad tracks style strutting your feet really been deformed. 79 00:12:52.380 --> 00:13:09.180 Richard Esposito: And and and you know if there's any kind of structure it's just a subtle dip to the southwest towards the Gulf beneath all this would be crystal a basement so we don't see any indications of folding or faulting in that cretaceous tertiary section again that's our storage reservoir. 80 00:13:10.620 --> 00:13:15.300 Richard Esposito: And then you do a Paleo duck section before you get down to basement crystal a basement. 81 00:13:16.830 --> 00:13:21.750 Richard Esposito: If you tie together regional well logs there are you know, a smattering of. 82 00:13:23.760 --> 00:13:29.550 Richard Esposito: logs that have been acquired across the region for wildcat oil and gas exploration, all of which were trials. 83 00:13:30.600 --> 00:13:42.240 Richard Esposito: In Todd tops in there, you see kind of that same structural story just kind of a consistent dip to the West Southwest at about less than a degree about 50 to 70 feet per mile. 84 00:13:45.030 --> 00:13:50.010 Richard Esposito: So we are in the midst of drilling the fifth of our six characterization wells. 85 00:13:51.480 --> 00:13:59.700 Richard Esposito: And we drilled three of those wells at 2017 we've at this point and acquired over 200 feet of whole core and and are. 86 00:14:00.180 --> 00:14:12.660 Richard Esposito: Trying to acquire more the last well of the planet drills would be kind of core palooza get a couple hundred feet, of course, from that one recording confining units recording reservoir and doing analysis on those for. 87 00:14:14.130 --> 00:14:24.390 Richard Esposito: You know reservoir properties that that will be important for our for our injection modeling but then also we need to do, mechanical tests on those confining units. 88 00:14:26.280 --> 00:14:27.090 Richard Esposito: me see if I can. 89 00:14:29.550 --> 00:14:39.870 Richard Esposito: You know if you can see down here to the end, the image to the bottom right that's the Marine tuscaloosa shale core there so that would that would be our primary confining you to. 90 00:14:41.370 --> 00:14:48.150 Richard Esposito: At the site and that's been slapped at a commercial core facility Houston and then image i'm a little bit of interesting. 91 00:14:49.200 --> 00:15:06.690 Richard Esposito: findings that we've had on the core as far as acquiring It is this stuff's very poorly integrated so so it doesn't hold together, particularly well, and so we found the best way to preserve that core when it's brought up onto the surface is to epoxy stabilize it. 92 00:15:08.160 --> 00:15:12.480 Richard Esposito: What you see in this sorry about that, when you see this image to the upper left. 93 00:15:13.470 --> 00:15:20.460 Richard Esposito: As a core taken from a website that was actually right there at the power plant, you can see that in the background in the foreground though you see. 94 00:15:20.820 --> 00:15:35.130 Richard Esposito: One of the sections of the core barrel like cut it up captain and then inject epoxy into the core barrel there's an inlet line and outlet line they feel the entire Angeles between the core and the core Merrill with epoxy. 95 00:15:35.940 --> 00:15:46.410 Richard Esposito: And again, that stabilizes the core and and and then they refrigerate it bring it back to the lab and it's preserved beautifully if we do that, but if we don't do that just the jarring and then. 96 00:15:47.670 --> 00:15:52.080 Richard Esposito: The rough handling Apps to core what's brought up on the surface can destabilize it considerably. 97 00:15:53.790 --> 00:16:01.710 Richard Esposito: And then the image, you see, on the bottom left is actually from from drone shot from a from a previous well, one of the 2017 wells, and you can see. 98 00:16:02.760 --> 00:16:10.800 Richard Esposito: You can see the website during active drilling operations, it looks identical if if folks have ever been on a conventional. 99 00:16:11.850 --> 00:16:19.800 Richard Esposito: convertible well drilling program for oil and gas it's almost exactly the same view that you would see there. 100 00:16:21.870 --> 00:16:26.790 Richard Esposito: And we use a lot of the same technologies actually almost all the same technologies for drilling a well. 101 00:16:28.020 --> 00:16:41.250 Richard Esposito: We just are what we really need to concentrate on we drill these wells if we're using them for for geologic testing, we want to drill a nice engage well That way we can get good log data from it. 102 00:16:42.420 --> 00:16:48.090 Richard Esposito: If we want to use that well for CO2 storage monitoring, later on, we also have to drill a nice well that's engaged. 103 00:16:49.290 --> 00:16:58.770 Richard Esposito: But answer to try to prevent wash outs, you know if you're drilling a well, and you have a certain diameter of the bit, and then you wash out some of these sandy zones. 104 00:16:59.100 --> 00:17:11.640 Richard Esposito: that's going to make it hard to get a nice cement job or up the cases and one thing that certainly requirement for CO2 storage wells be at monitoring wells or injection wells is a really high end. 105 00:17:13.050 --> 00:17:14.520 Richard Esposito: stuff cement john. 106 00:17:19.950 --> 00:17:27.750 Richard Esposito: If you talk cross section between three of the wells that that we've drilled so far, the one in the middle, which is actually from a well that was drilled into them. 107 00:17:28.830 --> 00:17:31.020 Richard Esposito: Earlier this year, to the. 108 00:17:32.250 --> 00:17:42.240 Richard Esposito: left and right on this image our belts, the southwest and northeast that were drilled in 2017 what you're seeing here is the shaded curve is a gamma Ray curve. 109 00:17:43.350 --> 00:17:59.580 Richard Esposito: So it's deflected the laugh we've kind of given lighter colors and those are indicating your sand units and then where it's where the darker shade of those are your mud stone units, this is an entirely classic section through here where we've got the storage geology. 110 00:18:01.530 --> 00:18:17.520 Richard Esposito: So the policy with this formation that's at the bottom of our storage section it's a highly layered interval you've got sandstone bodies there's thing as 40 feet, some of them are multi story sounds that are amalgamated and up to 100 feet thick, this is a flu legal system. 111 00:18:19.710 --> 00:18:24.540 Richard Esposito: Safe same story in the in The Wall Street or fredericksburg in the middle part of the wash read another aggregate. 112 00:18:25.620 --> 00:18:35.610 Richard Esposito: aggregation of flew to San standard package, but here you've got you've got a lot of sandstone stacking and so you've got individual bodies are approaching. 113 00:18:36.180 --> 00:18:51.300 Richard Esposito: 100 feet and this you know this middle interval this 400 foot or so interval in the middle of the blocks or middle of the wash Fred is this, you know over 90% net sandstone lot of CO2 storage capacity there. 114 00:18:52.680 --> 00:19:03.600 Richard Esposito: And then i'm sorry presentations autoplay itself so i'm sorry slides move around a little bit, but back to this, the shallow section for storage you've got the top of the wash Fred. 115 00:19:04.830 --> 00:19:13.440 Richard Esposito: it's called the dancer saying and then directly above it you've got the lower tuscaloosa massive sin that's about 3500 feet depth. 116 00:19:14.550 --> 00:19:21.720 Richard Esposito: And, and that that together that average is about 170 feet or so and that sansom fitness. 117 00:19:23.310 --> 00:19:37.980 Richard Esposito: And so the you know the seals these these these higher gamma Ray units that you're seeing those those are you know major milestone us that can be correlated among three wells and, in fact, if you can correlate those some of those oil oil wells. 118 00:19:39.000 --> 00:19:46.650 Richard Esposito: You know we've interpreted those and then the geologists of the project team interpreted those of having high probability of regional lateral continuity. 119 00:19:49.980 --> 00:19:53.220 Richard Esposito: And price just said it earlier, but you know in CO2 storage. 120 00:19:55.950 --> 00:20:04.740 Richard Esposito: there's kind of a minimum depth caught off that you're interested in that would be oh give or take about 2500 feet feet once you're down deeper than that. 121 00:20:05.880 --> 00:20:17.370 Richard Esposito: you're going to have high enough pressure for the CO2 to be stored in a dense face the majority of the term supercritical phase when you're in a much higher storage efficiency when you're storing CO2 in the dead space. 122 00:20:18.750 --> 00:20:27.870 Richard Esposito: But you know and then there's a bit of a depth caught off such that if you drill you know if you're doing CO2 storage and your wells are 12,000 feet deep. 123 00:20:28.830 --> 00:20:38.940 Richard Esposito: that's a lot of pressure to push push against to do CO2 injection and so that storage sweet spot is probably from three or 4000 feet, deep down to about 10,000 feet theme. 124 00:20:39.420 --> 00:20:47.910 Richard Esposito: And, of course, if you're drilling shallow or wells that saving you on saving dollars a trillion costs, so we they were kind of in that storage depth sweet spot here. 125 00:20:52.050 --> 00:20:58.770 Richard Esposito: Just a couple of regional ice pack maps that we've developed from the wild data that we've acquired so far. 126 00:20:59.490 --> 00:21:15.420 Richard Esposito: matt that lowest most shale on the wash brad's that caps that palazzi formations storage because of or and all those shells units together you come up with anywhere from 150 to two over 300 feet of shale. 127 00:21:16.740 --> 00:21:27.090 Richard Esposito: rock you know it's averaging over 200 feet within our storage area which is kind of outline by the for wells that are identified in this image doesn't outline a camper county. 128 00:21:28.290 --> 00:21:31.470 Richard Esposito: So this is multi county scale mapping we've done here. 129 00:21:32.700 --> 00:21:42.270 Richard Esposito: And then the proxy formation itself if we do gross thickness map based on those as well logs both again ones that we've collected sorry and the ones that were collected prior to this. 130 00:21:45.240 --> 00:21:52.650 Richard Esposito: You know, prior to our project from wildcat well drilling, you can you see a gradual thickening of the wells to their the formation, to the south. 131 00:21:53.310 --> 00:22:05.910 Richard Esposito: And Southwest you know the policy is effectively on lapping on to that onto that paleozoic surface and so it's it's thinking was he moved to the as the movie the southwest. 132 00:22:06.930 --> 00:22:07.680 Richard Esposito: To herself. 133 00:22:11.040 --> 00:22:25.470 Richard Esposito: So just to highlight little bit of the of the studies that we've done on the confining unit's themselves and a lot of this work was led by research from Oklahoma State University so check passion and his group over there. 134 00:22:26.520 --> 00:22:32.820 Richard Esposito: did a lot of description and testing of the mud rocks and the browser wars, as part of phase two and phase three of the project. 135 00:22:34.590 --> 00:22:37.320 Richard Esposito: So first cool cool pictures that you see here the. 136 00:22:39.030 --> 00:22:43.170 Richard Esposito: slab core images so most of this system is. 137 00:22:44.310 --> 00:22:52.800 Richard Esposito: You know, is terrestrial it's flu Bo nature, about one year in when you're in the marine tuscaloosa you reach a point where you've got a pretty good that's good Lisa considerable about. 138 00:22:54.180 --> 00:23:04.290 Richard Esposito: Excuse me transgression that you actually do at least have title flat deposits in the marine toss a guy this Gray shale, and the sea shells and pinstripe bedding etc. 139 00:23:05.730 --> 00:23:17.940 Richard Esposito: When we're deeper in there, so we're within our storage reservoirs and we're looking at this MOD rocks that kind of intervene within the storage reservoirs that baffle that CO2 injection those are going to be paley assault. 140 00:23:19.350 --> 00:23:26.190 Richard Esposito: So those are the fossil paleontologist be well fossil solo so you'll see cracks you'll see burrows you'll see. 141 00:23:27.420 --> 00:23:34.080 Richard Esposito: retraces etc, and just as a general feature these. 142 00:23:35.190 --> 00:23:39.990 Richard Esposito: You know these these are really tight shales, which is to say they have very low permeability. 143 00:23:41.370 --> 00:23:48.630 Richard Esposito: they're also very soft never very pliable, and this is we're kind of in the opposite situation that one would maybe look for. 144 00:23:48.960 --> 00:23:57.360 Richard Esposito: If you are interested in tight, you know if if you were at a title or as for shale gas rounds, or where you want to see brittle rock well. 145 00:23:57.810 --> 00:24:04.350 Richard Esposito: We would rather have our sales be soft and pliable and have a high fracture pressure because we don't want a fracture them. 146 00:24:04.860 --> 00:24:12.480 Richard Esposito: And the CO2 storage project, and so I think we've got that situation here, these are very immature shells they have very high water saturation. 147 00:24:13.440 --> 00:24:21.180 Richard Esposito: And so they are again going to be unlikely to fracture and and the high water saturation to keep should keep that capillary industry pressure high. 148 00:24:23.730 --> 00:24:32.940 Richard Esposito: Oklahoma State did some some tests on some of the the shale cuttings and continue to do so on on more of the other core samples, we have a commercial laboratory going same. 149 00:24:33.510 --> 00:24:49.290 Richard Esposito: And the story so far is that this is very low permeability rock you see the result there on the bottom right of a pressure to K permeability test that OIC State did on a marine tuscaloosa sample and the interpretation, there is we're in we're in the 12 Nana darcy range. 150 00:24:50.430 --> 00:25:04.020 Richard Esposito: So these are these are as tight as a as a as a title oil shale will be, but again unlikely to fracture so we're all indications are that these are going to be really nice CAP rocks for CO2 storage. 151 00:25:07.860 --> 00:25:10.020 Richard Esposito: Alternatively, if you look at the reservoirs. 152 00:25:11.520 --> 00:25:22.680 Richard Esposito: And again it's highlighted some work that was led by state and all those CO2 injection storage reservoir so the policy, the wishy fredericksburg the. 153 00:25:23.730 --> 00:25:34.530 Richard Esposito: Answer Sam and the massive sand, you have a about 1300 feet of net sands been vertically it's it's pretty tremendous and i'll even more notable is that. 154 00:25:35.700 --> 00:25:51.540 Richard Esposito: Based on the core work that we've done the the average mean average porosity is almost 29% and the mean average permeability is is multi darcy very forest very permeable Sam. 155 00:25:52.710 --> 00:25:53.430 Richard Esposito: gets CA. 156 00:25:54.900 --> 00:26:04.410 Richard Esposito: A core description that jack's group put together on the left, these are again multi storey flew vowel sounds and so you see some of those classic. 157 00:26:05.730 --> 00:26:10.410 Richard Esposito: sedimentary structure that you would accept expect to see, there are some cross beds, we see some. 158 00:26:11.460 --> 00:26:25.440 Richard Esposito: Some pebble lag beds interspersed throughout that oftentimes at the bottom of the sands you'll see kind of a courts and shirt pebble lag that was actually really tight zones and hard to drill through zone so it's kind of an interesting. 159 00:26:27.060 --> 00:26:44.310 Richard Esposito: it's certainly an interesting system to look at and core and you know we probably expect to have these these types of lag beds act as internal baffles to CO2 injection so your CO2 plume will kind of stack on itself, as you inject it into into those types of sounds. 160 00:26:45.420 --> 00:26:52.770 Richard Esposito: So let me come back to that so you know if you had CO2 and jack says, you know, obviously this is a let's imagine we have a vertical well here. 161 00:26:53.070 --> 00:27:02.850 Richard Esposito: And you're checking CO2 into number CO2 is born like I maybe I mentioned that earlier, so you know it just like natural gas was like oil it's going to rise vertically. 162 00:27:03.420 --> 00:27:15.990 Richard Esposito: Until it reaches an impermeable layer and so these these lag beds, such as they are will probably act as internal battles and so that CO2 is unlikely to be injected into the reservoir and immediately migrate, all the way up. 163 00:27:16.620 --> 00:27:26.730 Richard Esposito: it's going to hit these battles and that's going to force it to to spread out laterally and you can imagine if it does that it's actually going to ultimately if you looked at a map view occupy. 164 00:27:27.240 --> 00:27:40.530 Richard Esposito: A smaller area, then, if there was no baffles nothing present to prevent migration until it in a CAP rock your see you to just go up and then straight out and you'd have a really wide but thin plume that's what we consider we would consider a low. 165 00:27:41.040 --> 00:27:50.790 Richard Esposito: Efficiency CO2 injection because we're going to have to monitor a huge area with less CO2 concentration and then, then, if we can stack the CO2 plan. 166 00:27:55.530 --> 00:27:57.210 Richard Esposito: So hydro geologically. 167 00:27:58.290 --> 00:28:03.660 Richard Esposito: it's it's there's there's there are some differences between the the injection reservoirs. 168 00:28:05.220 --> 00:28:17.070 Richard Esposito: As I this cartoon cross section that was trawling by a geological survey Alabama goes from you know kind of northeast Alabama or some of these applications units out rob. 169 00:28:18.150 --> 00:28:27.150 Richard Esposito: The Southwest and imagine our our our it says plant location and imagine this CO2 storage project occurring down here on the western part of this cross section. 170 00:28:29.190 --> 00:28:40.050 Richard Esposito: Again, these these lower cretaceous units, the policy in the wash read they on lap on that paleozoic unconformity or sub mesozoic unconformity there, so their sub cropping. 171 00:28:41.160 --> 00:28:48.270 Richard Esposito: And so it's effectively a stagnant ground the Hydra geologic situation there, and so those units, based on the water. 172 00:28:50.760 --> 00:28:59.010 Richard Esposito: The water testing that we've done they have at 200,000 milligrams per liter poor poor water so definitely not an underground source of drinking water. 173 00:29:00.780 --> 00:29:14.760 Richard Esposito: Now the tuscaloosa the lower tuscaloosa as you might imagine our crops near tuscaloosa Alabama to the Northeast and so you do have some interface with with shallower groundwater and so. 174 00:29:15.540 --> 00:29:32.010 Richard Esposito: We had to carefully consider whether or not that's a potential storage reservoir and the fluid samples that we've taken to this point, show that it has 20,000 milligrams per liter of TTS total dissolved solids so it's it's screening as a. 175 00:29:33.480 --> 00:29:40.050 Richard Esposito: As a potential storage reservoir However, it is going to grade into a ground up underground source of drinking water. 176 00:29:41.190 --> 00:29:42.990 Richard Esposito: So the EPA has rules for. 177 00:29:44.070 --> 00:29:50.010 Richard Esposito: You know what they consider of underground source of drinking water and that that's cut off is 10,000 milligrams per liter. 178 00:29:52.080 --> 00:30:01.830 Richard Esposito: So, so that that reservoir is gonna have to be carefully considered as whether it's a candidate for CO2 storage, whereas the wash friend biloxi are, without a doubt, good candidates for storage. 179 00:30:02.880 --> 00:30:18.840 Richard Esposito: it's a bit of an unknown actually at this point what are the USD w's directly below the site probably this utah an upper tuscaloosa some of those sounds will have less than or equal to 10,000 milligrams per liter PDS. 180 00:30:19.980 --> 00:30:22.470 Richard Esposito: My folks from spectrum environmental you'll hear from. 181 00:30:23.640 --> 00:30:32.460 Richard Esposito: Here from Ryan here in a little bit and i'll talk about the drone footage that they've gathered for us to show some of the well drilling operations but they're also drilling. 182 00:30:33.030 --> 00:30:41.970 Richard Esposito: US dw characterization well to help us determine that the nature and characteristics of the underground source of drinking water at the wealth site. 183 00:30:43.680 --> 00:30:55.200 Richard Esposito: Natural drinking water sources are up in this shallower section and Joe Cox that's also where the the calls occur that were the source of late night for the IPCC plan. 184 00:30:56.550 --> 00:31:03.060 Richard Esposito: And again between actual sources of active, you know well, groundwater extraction. 185 00:31:04.170 --> 00:31:11.910 Richard Esposito: And these deeper reservoirs is this huge section of porter's creek clay and Selma group and that's his that's his title rock is you're going to find. 186 00:31:16.140 --> 00:31:16.710 Richard Esposito: So. 187 00:31:17.790 --> 00:31:26.640 Richard Esposito: You know, as I mentioned early on the project was initially conceived as kind of being a single source that being. 188 00:31:27.720 --> 00:31:35.490 Richard Esposito: The the camper county energy facility that's now been renamed plant ratcliffe take CO2 from that an objective here. 189 00:31:36.840 --> 00:31:49.440 Richard Esposito: But you know plant plant reckless CO2 emissions are are less than less than what we originally anticipated them to be now originally when they were doing that late night. 190 00:31:50.010 --> 00:32:02.220 Richard Esposito: gasification this was going to be three or 4 million metric tons per year of CO2 emissions to capture and storage, as a natural gas plan it's seven or 800,000 tons per year. 191 00:32:03.420 --> 00:32:19.500 Richard Esposito: This site, we think can can hold potentially up to a giga tops 1000 megatons thousand million metric tons of CO2 and so it's considerably larger than the plant ratcliffe will put out in the next 30 years so we've kind of been. 192 00:32:21.300 --> 00:32:26.010 Richard Esposito: shifting our focus into the idea that maybe this could act as a regional CO2 storage hub. 193 00:32:27.300 --> 00:32:33.330 Richard Esposito: You know, and we can take CO2 from perhaps plant Miller, which is in the warrior base in the northern Alabama. 194 00:32:34.860 --> 00:32:44.280 Richard Esposito: Obviously that's a sedimentary basins, there are rocks there that could potentially you know stores to in some of those paleozoic SUP in that basin. 195 00:32:44.850 --> 00:32:58.770 Richard Esposito: But generally speaking, those are much tighter rocks than, then what we've got once we're down in the cretaceous units on the Gulf coast so and Miller is a big CO2 source you've got that one's putting out currently. 196 00:32:59.790 --> 00:33:06.990 Richard Esposito: Was 20 million metric tons of CO2 per year I also i'm sorry this slide shows me a little haywire I think. 197 00:33:08.250 --> 00:33:11.040 Richard Esposito: um and then also you got plant Daniel to the. 198 00:33:12.210 --> 00:33:24.720 Richard Esposito: The cell that that because i'm plant miller's right now that big coal units operating it that's why produces so much CO2 Daniels got coal units and natural gas units and. 199 00:33:26.190 --> 00:33:34.230 Richard Esposito: You can transport that CO2 up to our storage site so you're talking and it all together over 20 million metric tons per year. 200 00:33:35.820 --> 00:33:46.800 Richard Esposito: And we've been doing modeling studies to see what what that might look like if one did a multi well CO2 injection program using all of that CO2 and injecting it here. 201 00:33:48.090 --> 00:33:49.320 Richard Esposito: At the Eco site. 202 00:33:50.610 --> 00:34:05.670 Richard Esposito: stacking the CO2 as I was mentioning your previous slides into those three storage, though, and so that the conceptual modeling i'm showing from the bottom you've got 21 injection wells each into those three reservoirs. 203 00:34:06.570 --> 00:34:09.090 Richard Esposito: up with a plume that's 50,000. 204 00:34:11.370 --> 00:34:12.990 Richard Esposito: that's certainly going to sound like. 205 00:34:14.310 --> 00:34:15.570 Richard Esposito: A very large. 206 00:34:17.070 --> 00:34:35.700 Richard Esposito: plume a plume size and it is without a doubt, but that's not too far off of what what you'll see when people model other CO2 injection projects but they're not modeling 670 million metric tons so it's actually a pretty concentrated CO2 storage project from that perspective. 207 00:34:40.680 --> 00:34:45.780 Richard Esposito: So last big picture slide about where we are on call checks so again this. 208 00:34:47.250 --> 00:34:48.540 Richard Esposito: Was God, they have. 209 00:34:49.950 --> 00:34:54.990 Richard Esposito: 14 hear more of up next and then that reservoir properties. 210 00:34:57.690 --> 00:35:04.590 Richard Esposito: there's low permeability ceiling strata, both in between and above this storage zones that that we think will provide excellent. 211 00:35:08.040 --> 00:35:10.770 Richard Esposito: there's a stack storage potential. 212 00:35:12.120 --> 00:35:16.890 Richard Esposito: camper, as I mentioned, you know you got three different reservoir to stack up the storage and so. 213 00:35:17.220 --> 00:35:26.490 Richard Esposito: Our modeling suggest you could accept 700 almost 700 million metric tons of CO2 or more over 30 year ejection project. 214 00:35:28.530 --> 00:35:38.670 Richard Esposito: So our goals here for the for the remainder of this phase of the project, which goes for another two and a half to three years are that characterization of the underground sources of drinking water. 215 00:35:40.230 --> 00:35:42.210 Richard Esposito: The acquisition of surface seismic. 216 00:35:44.670 --> 00:35:55.380 Richard Esposito: Data set, and this is we're going to do a series of 2d lines something 7080 miles of line miles of 2d seismic I showed you that seismic image from. 217 00:35:57.240 --> 00:36:03.720 Richard Esposito: Earlier in the presentation that will actually comes from you know some some exploratory seismic work that was done. 218 00:36:04.380 --> 00:36:20.640 Richard Esposito: In the 1980s and so we're going to tie our new seismic into that kind of confirm what we what we think we know about the structural geology out here, which is that probably for lodging GSA folks is really boring structural geology but for us it's what we like to see which is no fault. 219 00:36:21.870 --> 00:36:24.960 Richard Esposito: Really, no structure to speak of other than again a pretty. 220 00:36:26.400 --> 00:36:31.170 Richard Esposito: Normal thumb down to the Gulf dip have a less than a degree. 221 00:36:32.910 --> 00:36:43.290 Richard Esposito: there's a big milestone at the end of the stage of the project, and that is to apply for an acquire an EPA regulated CO2 storage permit. 222 00:36:45.000 --> 00:36:46.410 Richard Esposito: So oh about. 223 00:36:48.480 --> 00:36:51.240 Richard Esposito: I guess over 10 years ago EPA came out with. 224 00:36:52.950 --> 00:37:01.140 Richard Esposito: A new classification of underground injection the troll wells call classics and those governed CO2 storage wells. 225 00:37:01.920 --> 00:37:10.800 Richard Esposito: And now, there are only two to class six wells active in the country, those are up in the Illinois basin the Illinois decatur project, you can even Google that. 226 00:37:11.280 --> 00:37:22.890 Richard Esposito: it's a really interesting project in that case there that cassie he has been captured from a be ethanol plant that Archer Daniels Midland operates on storage in the mouth Simon formation. 227 00:37:25.350 --> 00:37:31.050 Richard Esposito: And then there's been a handful of other classics permits that have been issued on the Illinois basin, interestingly, at this point. 228 00:37:32.700 --> 00:37:36.420 Richard Esposito: But, but the historically they've taken a long time to issue. 229 00:37:37.800 --> 00:37:39.420 Richard Esposito: And so EPA is. 230 00:37:40.740 --> 00:37:49.560 Richard Esposito: You know, trying to get to the point where they're able to issue port permits, you know, assuming that they're good, high quality submissions. 231 00:37:50.850 --> 00:37:56.100 Richard Esposito: more rapidly than they were in the past and and at the same time there's a big. 232 00:37:57.450 --> 00:38:04.920 Richard Esposito: Interest in CO2 storage there's a recently enhanced tax credit for CO2 storage from. 233 00:38:06.300 --> 00:38:11.190 Richard Esposito: Middle and large sized projects it's called the section 45 Q tax credit. 234 00:38:12.330 --> 00:38:24.810 Richard Esposito: And, and what it is, is that you can get up to $50 per ton of CO2 storage you get demonstrate long term safe CO2 stick permanent CO2 storage. 235 00:38:27.870 --> 00:38:43.470 Richard Esposito: And so to get that you're probably gonna need a class six permit if you're if you're injecting into sailing reservoirs and so there's a big backlog of classics permits being put together goodness is that's a lot of lot of work for geologists and engineers to do to put those together. 236 00:38:44.910 --> 00:39:02.070 Richard Esposito: You know, there are a lot, but I think it's safe to say, this will have to be reviewed and and stamped by professional geologists in almost every case, and so you know for folks out there, that are not sure what to think about the entire CCS business or. 237 00:39:03.240 --> 00:39:10.470 Richard Esposito: or where geologist fits in you know in this this expert will call it exploration for storage prospects and permitting. 238 00:39:11.460 --> 00:39:22.080 Richard Esposito: it's very tried and true geology and the background that you folks have if they're structural or sedimentary geologists, particularly those that may have a little bit of petroleum geology. 239 00:39:22.560 --> 00:39:34.590 Richard Esposito: background, it can segue pretty easily into this so i'd encourage you all to look into the CCS business, as it were, look up presentations follow on in the. 240 00:39:35.880 --> 00:39:52.920 Richard Esposito: In the CCS section I think part of the meeting here GSA i'm sure will continue to to support you know CCS in their set and their meetings a PG American association petroleum geologist is starting to really do the same thing so. 241 00:39:54.060 --> 00:39:56.970 Richard Esposito: This is a great time to get interested in this topic. 242 00:39:58.230 --> 00:40:05.310 Richard Esposito: Though I, the last thing that we're doing now is as part of this phase, the project, as I mentioned really early on that. 243 00:40:07.170 --> 00:40:16.740 Richard Esposito: This phase of the project, where we're looking at the entire integrated business model, so the capture of the CO2 transporter the CO2 and storage of the CO2. 244 00:40:17.610 --> 00:40:31.500 Richard Esposito: And I know we're all geologists we could care less about the capturing and CO2 because that's some chemical engineers job that's actually the costliest and probably the biggest technological hurdle that has to be overcome, for this whole process if you had to. 245 00:40:32.820 --> 00:40:35.760 Richard Esposito: If someone said, you know how much the CO2 storage costs. 246 00:40:37.560 --> 00:40:47.100 Richard Esposito: You know, letting suffice to say it's 70% or maybe considerably more of it is in the capturing of the CO2 and compressing it it's that it's in that dense phase. 247 00:40:48.270 --> 00:40:59.310 Richard Esposito: You know, maybe 10% or more of it 10 20% of it is in the transportation in the last 10% of it or last name is on the storage side of it, so the big costs. 248 00:41:00.210 --> 00:41:11.970 Richard Esposito: Are on the the capture side unless they're selling the transport side, so all that stuff has to go on in the background, while, while the rest of us are interested in the storage side of it in the geology side of it. 249 00:41:15.150 --> 00:41:25.830 Richard Esposito: So i'm going to do now is kind of segue over into some some images of the the drilling operations for the well that we're at the site have now, so this well as the. 250 00:41:26.760 --> 00:41:34.500 Richard Esposito: Mississippi power company oh one dash one well the one one just as an indication of where it's located which which township it's in. 251 00:41:35.580 --> 00:41:38.070 Richard Esposito: And this well as a strata graphic test well. 252 00:41:39.510 --> 00:41:54.390 Richard Esposito: So what that means is this well has been at this point drilled we gather geologic data from it and then it's been plugged with cement plugs and has been abandoned so it's it's a strat test. 253 00:41:55.470 --> 00:42:04.710 Richard Esposito: Previous wells of you drilled as part of this project, were we were there, the primary goal was it was always been the gather geologic data for for storage characterization. 254 00:42:05.550 --> 00:42:17.190 Richard Esposito: But some of those we lacked in us in a State, such that they could they could potentially act as monitoring wells in the future for CO2 storage and the big difference would be that, as well as have. 255 00:42:18.810 --> 00:42:26.130 Richard Esposito: Have casing that was installed yes metal casing install all the way to their total depth and that casing was cemented in place. 256 00:42:27.060 --> 00:42:38.160 Richard Esposito: that's not the case with this as well, so you can obviously drill more strategy graphic test wells for the for the same amount of money as a few monitoring wells because you're save yourself a lot of. 257 00:42:39.570 --> 00:42:43.110 Richard Esposito: A lot of time and effort not case in them so where it made sense we kept them. 258 00:42:44.190 --> 00:42:55.200 Richard Esposito: As potential monitoring wells, and where where we just wanted to gather data for for locations that are kind of on the outside of the potential storage field, which is what this one is they made sense as a drill them and abandonment. 259 00:42:58.110 --> 00:43:13.200 Richard Esposito: So, as you can imagine, you know you need a an acre more of location to do a deep well drilling project and so some images here are showing up the initial well site clearing. 260 00:43:14.280 --> 00:43:21.360 Richard Esposito: The octave imagine that not only do you need about an acre of well site, but it needs to be flat, but a large size through rate on to it. 261 00:43:21.900 --> 00:43:36.360 Richard Esposito: And so, even in parts, the world that we don't consider particularly hilly even though we're in the hilly district of Mississippi a lot of dirt work has to happen before we drill wells So these are just some images of early on, where their grading the location. 262 00:43:38.250 --> 00:43:44.520 Richard Esposito: image of the bottom here they put them at this point they flipboard mats down when we walk outside on a walk outside her a minute. 263 00:43:45.660 --> 00:43:57.990 Richard Esposito: But don't drop the laptop hopefully they'll see the world the site and the more mats are still on there and that that's kind of requirement if you're drilling in the southeast, particularly in the winter and early spring. 264 00:43:58.650 --> 00:44:14.640 Richard Esposito: When it rains it pours here when it rains it pours it gets really muddy gumbo, as they say, and it's impossible to work out here so that's just a something we need to deal with we're drilling deep wells with heavy equipment out here in the wet season, which is most of the year. 265 00:44:15.750 --> 00:44:21.720 Richard Esposito: This image down here at the bottom it's up with a call sputtering it's a relatively small size rig and. 266 00:44:22.350 --> 00:44:34.830 Richard Esposito: When you drill a well, even if you don't plan to use it for for long term monitoring your there's a couple of strings of case in that you're always going to have to install the first what's called the conductor casing your conductor pipe. 267 00:44:36.240 --> 00:44:45.360 Richard Esposito: Now these are really small rig to install that and that that's usually 16 to 20 inches or so in diameter and that's really just to to hold back the. 268 00:44:46.770 --> 00:44:54.480 Richard Esposito: You know the really soft sediment them I sloughing on your well, while you're drilling and so that's that's actually some conductor pipe being installed and they'll you know. 269 00:44:54.780 --> 00:45:03.150 Richard Esposito: they'll drill that to 6080 to 100 feet deep till they start to get to the rock and they know they've put that in place Doug route that. 270 00:45:05.580 --> 00:45:09.870 Richard Esposito: When they do drill out of that you'll you'll be required by the state. 271 00:45:11.220 --> 00:45:28.320 Richard Esposito: In all cases, to to install what they call surface casing or ground water protection casing so you'll have to put in some antenna cases during that content prevents underground sources of drinking water, so this well does have a does have a surface case extreme events and in place. 272 00:45:32.340 --> 00:45:34.890 Richard Esposito: But here's what the site looks like i'm looking down the. 273 00:45:36.120 --> 00:45:50.430 Richard Esposito: Road during active well drilling operations you'll see some spectacular drone footage here just in in a little bit of what it looks like when you know when we were doing the cementing a while, but this is during the drilling operations. 274 00:45:51.600 --> 00:45:54.450 Richard Esposito: You can see kind of in the foreground here's the budget drill pipe. 275 00:45:56.010 --> 00:46:00.450 Richard Esposito: So if anyone's ever not been on any kind of well site, if you can imagine it. 276 00:46:00.840 --> 00:46:09.210 Richard Esposito: you're you've got your drill bit that's going down down underground and then you've got this rigid drill pipe that's that's um that's what holding that bit and rotating to do the drilling. 277 00:46:09.600 --> 00:46:19.950 Richard Esposito: And so, you know as you're moving down the well, you have to keep making up more and more drill pipe fittings as you move down in our case, you had to make that make up 5700 feet worth of those. 278 00:46:20.880 --> 00:46:35.280 Richard Esposito: Then we'll say 30 foot or so drill pipe fittings together that's what keeps the drill crew busy 24 hours a day is putting that drill pipe together when they trip out of the whole take every well every other one apart, they stack it up on the. 279 00:46:36.810 --> 00:46:44.310 Richard Esposito: On the Derek and when you when you see the drone footage you be able to see what it looks like when they stack all the drill pipe vertically Derek what they're pulling out of the whole. 280 00:46:46.500 --> 00:46:54.510 Richard Esposito: bunch of crew trailers etc over here in this one of the far rights, in fact, the one that we're we're we're hosting this this field trip from as we speak. 281 00:46:55.860 --> 00:46:58.650 Richard Esposito: But typically if you're going deep well drilling you'll have. 282 00:46:59.940 --> 00:47:07.050 Richard Esposito: you'll have your drilling crew living out here and you'll have two shifts working, each with a 12 hour shift, and you know this is there's. 283 00:47:08.220 --> 00:47:23.520 Richard Esposito: No plus or minus five or so folks on each shift, and you know again when they're off shift there they're living out here, because often well sites are in fairly remote location, then it just doesn't make sense for them to be commuting back and forth for hotels. 284 00:47:24.630 --> 00:47:29.130 Richard Esposito: And, in particular during coven times it's actually considerably safer to have folks. 285 00:47:30.300 --> 00:47:36.690 Richard Esposito: More or less will say in a bubble here and apart, if you will, on location and not driving back and forth or hotels, or anything like that. 286 00:47:39.750 --> 00:47:44.970 Richard Esposito: You know drilling chemicals are over here on the left, so you know when you drill a well. 287 00:47:46.050 --> 00:48:01.410 Richard Esposito: That same drill pipe you're actually sending mud drilling mud down that it blasts out of some some jets there at the drill bit, which is, which is rotating and then on the outside of the drill pipe you're lifting that mud up and all the rock cuttings are coming up along with it. 288 00:48:02.430 --> 00:48:12.870 Richard Esposito: And you want to keep you know particular properties of the mud, so that it holds the reservoir back on hold sorry holds the rock face back and you drill a nice clean well. 289 00:48:13.170 --> 00:48:19.980 Richard Esposito: And you're officially living lifting those rock cuttings out of the well That way, you can you can continue to penetrate but um. 290 00:48:21.090 --> 00:48:26.550 Richard Esposito: And so, those with those chemicals are foreign when when we share the drone footage you be able to see some of the. 291 00:48:28.830 --> 00:48:40.770 Richard Esposito: The infrastructure, the background or they're doing this mud circulation is what they call closed loop drilling process so that you're sending them down the hall it's lifting that same the cuttings back out of the hole. 292 00:48:42.030 --> 00:48:52.260 Richard Esposito: And then, this process that occurs at the background here you're taking this cuttings this rock chips out of it you're making sure that the mud is still on the right condition that you wanted to the right. 293 00:48:52.590 --> 00:48:59.340 Richard Esposito: Technology and the right chemistry and then sending that same same fluid back down the well that's why they call it a closed loop system, so it. 294 00:48:59.640 --> 00:49:09.600 Richard Esposito: uses less fluid and it gets away without having to have a big reserve pawn and things like that, on the site to handle this fluid so it's a cleaner location. 295 00:49:13.980 --> 00:49:20.130 Richard Esposito: drilling a deep well like this as a 24 seven operation nights weekends rain shine you name it. 296 00:49:21.390 --> 00:49:27.210 Richard Esposito: You know there's thunderstorms if there's lightning they obviously will pause drilling about anything sort of that. 297 00:49:27.660 --> 00:49:35.550 Richard Esposito: they're continuing operations so just just an images of some different weather situations that one of the problem looks like they're spraying system moving through. 298 00:49:36.450 --> 00:49:45.480 Richard Esposito: If you all are in the southeastern GSA so you know that it rains a lot in the southeast and so these guys are unfortunately having to work out in the rain. 299 00:49:46.050 --> 00:50:03.480 Richard Esposito: quite a bit, and then the image, the bottom, of course, is probably nice weather but nighttime thrilling, and so they have a lot of light plants etc out here, so they can operate safely at night and again with with multiple shifts of drillers they can be operating this 24 hours a day. 300 00:50:06.990 --> 00:50:16.530 Richard Esposito: Okay, so geologists folks that are that are asleep, you could wake yourself up if you didn't really care about what a while site looks like from drilling here's some rocks. 301 00:50:16.980 --> 00:50:25.230 Richard Esposito: Or at least some heat up pieces of water ah nice rocks so the so we have a well side geologists crew out here. 302 00:50:25.950 --> 00:50:36.150 Richard Esposito: Whenever we're drilling deep well sometimes they'll call mud loggers there's what they're doing is collecting samples of this drill cuttings as they're being circulated out of the well. 303 00:50:36.720 --> 00:50:53.250 Richard Esposito: And describing them for us and telling us you know here here's what rock type we're drilling through and and then we we compare that to well logs and data from all set wells and say Oh, I think we're in the lower tuscaloosa Oh, I think we're we're you know we're not. 304 00:50:54.270 --> 00:51:02.850 Richard Esposito: Where we think we are, which is worrisome but firstly hasn't happened on this well so they're giving us a little logic description of what they're seeing coming out from the underground. 305 00:51:04.230 --> 00:51:09.660 Richard Esposito: And so here's some of the the cutting samples, these are approximately every 20 feet. 306 00:51:11.490 --> 00:51:13.770 Richard Esposito: And so, these are the last samples that were taken. 307 00:51:15.270 --> 00:51:22.410 Richard Esposito: From this well and so those are and that this the risk of the giving everyone a whiplash let me scroll back here. 308 00:51:23.670 --> 00:51:25.020 Richard Esposito: To the column. 309 00:51:26.340 --> 00:51:39.480 Richard Esposito: Those last samples are from this these paley's it says it says pottsville that they are in fact warrior basin paleozoic said they might be a pottsville equivalent but suffice to say their ratios, and the reason that we're not exactly sure if they're. 310 00:51:41.700 --> 00:51:53.520 Richard Esposito: If they're warrior base in paley's Alex wash tall paleozoic says, you know there's not really anything diagnostic that we've seen on the cottage or anything like that to tell us one from the other but suffice to say. 311 00:51:54.090 --> 00:52:00.120 Richard Esposito: They are brittle Gray too dark Gray shales i'm sorry i'm scrolling through this again. 312 00:52:01.050 --> 00:52:07.020 Richard Esposito: That tell us that we're out of the storage reservoir so once we drill all about 60 or 80 feet, through these. 313 00:52:07.530 --> 00:52:19.740 Richard Esposito: that's where we're reaching told that, for the well, and the reason we drill down into these little ways that way when we use our well logging tools and that way we can love it and those are course have you know they'll have. 314 00:52:20.910 --> 00:52:30.360 Richard Esposito: rods at the bottom of them to make sure that they get to the bottom of the hole and make sure that we can log all the way across our infection also has a drone with it a little bit of rat hole below our transport. 315 00:52:30.870 --> 00:52:41.280 Richard Esposito: But here you'll see some of those some of those nice biloxi sand stones, you know it just aggregates obviously as it's coming up out of the well because, again, these are very soft. 316 00:52:41.730 --> 00:52:56.220 Richard Esposito: fully integrated Sam so it looks like saying when they're bringing it up and occasionally you'll see some of these chevallier zones, these are probably your upper palazzi read shales red and brown shells and then up here you're in this. 317 00:52:57.540 --> 00:53:03.840 Richard Esposito: And this might be what sheet or friends or expired, really, really, really clean flew bial sands up here shallower in the section. 318 00:53:05.700 --> 00:53:16.260 Richard Esposito: that's what the monologue trailer looks like case anyone thinks it looks like a glamorous gig that obviously is also working 24 hour shifts you'll have daytime loggers and nighttime loggers. 319 00:53:17.520 --> 00:53:18.750 Richard Esposito: And and and. 320 00:53:20.280 --> 00:53:31.740 Richard Esposito: If this was a conventional oil and gas well drilling project, not only are they looking at little ufology but they're looking for indications hydrocarbon and see see the black light there they'll look under the. 321 00:53:32.250 --> 00:53:36.840 Richard Esposito: Block like to see if they see any fluorescence which would indicate, obviously in a while show. 322 00:53:38.550 --> 00:53:53.490 Richard Esposito: And then run and they'll have a gas chromatograph and you can barely maybe see that here you've got the gas coming out about boiling through here and going into the chromatograph and it's it's not only telling you how much gas is coming out of the well with usually they'll have. 323 00:53:54.660 --> 00:54:03.060 Richard Esposito: With the with the gc on there they'll tell you a little bit of you know what see one through six plus but the proportions, the different hydrocarbons are coming out of there. 324 00:54:04.080 --> 00:54:14.310 Richard Esposito: we're not looking for hydrocarbons, here we haven't really found any, which is, I think, to be expected you you don't really have a good source rock you don't have a mature so restaurant let's try that again. 325 00:54:16.320 --> 00:54:25.770 Richard Esposito: In the in that cretaceous tertiary section this stuff's has never been buried deep enough to degenerate hydrocarbons, even those. 326 00:54:27.750 --> 00:54:39.780 Richard Esposito: little bits of organic carbon better, for example, the numbering tuscaloosa ubc Papa gas once you get down to the paleozoic but not enough to excite one to think of this as a potential hydrocarbon producing region. 327 00:54:42.930 --> 00:54:52.350 Richard Esposito: The image of the rights kind of grainy it's because it's taken at night, this is up a wireline tool being lowered into the well it's kind of an old you know, oil and gas. 328 00:54:53.430 --> 00:55:02.280 Richard Esposito: ISM which invariably adds up true that logging never occurs during daylight hours certainly cementing never occurs, or any of the field activities that are really. 329 00:55:02.640 --> 00:55:09.840 Richard Esposito: Important or interesting never occurred a time that is convenient if they do occur in the day time it's always raining foul weather so. 330 00:55:10.920 --> 00:55:14.790 Richard Esposito: When we were doing the wireline logging on this well, it was it was, I think all at night. 331 00:55:17.160 --> 00:55:17.580 um. 332 00:55:18.630 --> 00:55:32.880 Richard Esposito: So yeah last slide i'll show is is for this part of the presentation is that you know this well will be permanently plugged in abandoned, so there they'll send a series of cement blogs as they've moved out of the well. 333 00:55:33.990 --> 00:55:41.070 Richard Esposito: And then, once they break down, which is unfortunately what they're doing now, when I say unfortunately because, not a particularly excited. 334 00:55:41.640 --> 00:55:50.070 Richard Esposito: To be hosting virtual field trip once they're fully rigged down they'll they'll set up the last summit plug from about 50 feet down. 335 00:55:50.940 --> 00:56:01.950 Richard Esposito: Up to ground surface they'll cut the casing off remember that does have the surface casing and the conductor type below ground surface and then and then bury it and so there'll be really no indication. 336 00:56:02.910 --> 00:56:10.620 Richard Esposito: That there was ever a well drill here once we reclaim the site once once we replanted new obviously enable this sport mats off replanted. 337 00:56:11.760 --> 00:56:20.910 Richard Esposito: However, if this well was cat as a as a monetary well, so this isn't the most obtrusive looking thing this is, this is an image of. 338 00:56:21.810 --> 00:56:32.730 Richard Esposito: One of the wells that was drilling 2017 that we kept in a condition that it can act as a CEO to monitoring, well, so we got the little well at on that and actually put a dog little dog run on it. 339 00:56:33.210 --> 00:56:43.200 Richard Esposito: Which is what this chain link fences with some some bollards around it and you know it, in this case, this location, we didn't use board mats we use. 340 00:56:44.520 --> 00:56:53.820 Richard Esposito: What we put a gravel based below so you end up with a small gravel field you just need to keep enough of a. 341 00:56:54.990 --> 00:57:03.540 Richard Esposito: Of a flat, you know firm enough surface that you could bring logging tools out to the site and this relatively small well so. 342 00:57:04.320 --> 00:57:17.010 Richard Esposito: You know if if you if you try to imagine your head, what is the CO2 storage field look like you mentioned 20 wells, you know, plus you know, maybe 20 more monitoring wells, what is this going to look like the surface of Mars now it's going to be. 343 00:57:17.640 --> 00:57:25.260 Richard Esposito: You know, there will be if this was an injection well you'd have pipe coming out of the ground relatively close to it with the CO2 and then going down the wellhead. 344 00:57:27.090 --> 00:57:27.720 Richard Esposito: Most. 345 00:57:29.070 --> 00:57:34.140 Richard Esposito: else is underground as far as the the surface, the surface CO2 infrastructure. 346 00:57:35.100 --> 00:57:40.110 Richard Esposito: If there's if there's booster pumps and things like that those will probably be over at the power plants site. 347 00:57:40.680 --> 00:57:56.040 Richard Esposito: And then the monitoring wells really look a lot like this, so it's actually pretty on a truce of thing to have a if one lived over a CO2 storage site I don't think they're they're ever going to really get any impact from it visually or any other. 348 00:57:59.400 --> 00:58:02.370 Richard Esposito: So now's the time of the presentation, where i'm going to. 349 00:58:03.570 --> 00:58:16.110 Richard Esposito: Show you guys what things look like outside and so we'll see how this works Richard insisted on this, because we all drove down here, and so we want to show everyone evidence that damn it we did make it out in the field, and we want to show you what it looks like. 350 00:58:18.540 --> 00:58:21.630 Richard Esposito: So let me get mass up. 351 00:58:23.460 --> 00:58:25.410 Richard Esposito: You want to hold it out alright so. 352 00:58:26.490 --> 00:58:28.470 Richard Esposito: We got to geologist trying to do this. 353 00:58:29.880 --> 00:58:30.600 Richard Esposito: project will see. 354 00:58:43.800 --> 00:58:46.620 Richard Esposito: Alright, so you barely see my as. 355 00:58:47.730 --> 00:58:48.960 Richard Esposito: You can see up there, the. 356 00:58:50.130 --> 00:58:54.990 Richard Esposito: Real REG it said that the Derek of the throw rug it's still it's still sat up. 357 00:58:56.250 --> 00:59:06.330 Richard Esposito: Probably later this afternoon, this evening, nothing lower down because we've ever done really well gather the data that we need we effectively done a fan. 358 00:59:07.920 --> 00:59:09.720 Richard Esposito: Last surface. 359 00:59:12.420 --> 00:59:12.960 Richard Esposito: The surface. 360 00:59:25.170 --> 00:59:36.900 Richard Esposito: On these these sites original one school ever this might look like we didn't have that that's that's firmed up a little bit, but if you can imagine if Rachel over there, you can somebody passing lanes and all. 361 00:59:37.920 --> 00:59:40.380 Richard Esposito: These board mats are kind of a necessity. 362 00:59:41.400 --> 00:59:41.760 Richard Esposito: Given. 363 00:59:44.310 --> 00:59:46.080 Richard Esposito: See that's the patient. 364 00:59:48.390 --> 00:59:51.150 Richard Esposito: Do that yeah no no that's perfect. 365 00:59:57.870 --> 01:00:02.310 Richard Esposito: So it's not showing this out here, well, I was it was really small. 366 01:00:03.450 --> 01:00:06.630 Richard Esposito: So I stopped the presentation so i'm not sure if there's a way to make. 367 01:00:07.710 --> 01:00:11.760 Richard Esposito: It make it bigger and fit full screen, maybe folks you're not. 368 01:00:14.250 --> 01:00:15.870 Richard Esposito: A GSA could do that the. 369 01:00:17.160 --> 01:00:22.560 Richard Esposito: spotlight for real let's try that all right sorry about that again hot wallet this. 370 01:00:24.030 --> 01:00:25.590 Richard Esposito: Anyway, I guess that's the. 371 01:00:27.090 --> 01:00:31.920 Richard Esposito: Beauty 17 wtf the thrilling company that we use to the contract is thrilled as well. 372 01:00:33.120 --> 01:00:41.640 Richard Esposito: This will be the one dash one well so on the fifth while that we build this bar and this bar graph well feature total depth 5007. 373 01:00:43.860 --> 01:00:51.840 Richard Esposito: This is the same drill rick you would use to grow and oil and gas exploration well same same same hands, that you would use out here to do it. 374 01:00:52.920 --> 01:00:59.370 Richard Esposito: Some of the geologic testing that we do is a little bit different than what they would be doing a lot of early analysis thrown. 375 01:01:01.500 --> 01:01:02.760 Richard Esposito: board minutes yeah. 376 01:01:04.950 --> 01:01:20.430 Richard Esposito: We talked about this before use the word maps that higher acre size, location, Richard shown Now this is this would be the sandy money, I asked that we'd be dealing with if we didn't have the board mats out here do we dare go try to look at the robot. 377 01:01:21.810 --> 01:01:22.200 Richard Esposito: That will. 378 01:01:25.830 --> 01:01:26.340 Richard Esposito: So. 379 01:01:31.320 --> 01:01:39.060 Richard Esposito: Actually slightly kind of interesting what they're bringing around here as for folks that have either been working on gas site. 380 01:01:39.840 --> 01:01:48.030 Richard Esposito: Or maybe Fred another key part of horizon blow out when they had issues with a law firm vendor that's part of the guys lowering. 381 01:01:48.780 --> 01:01:56.880 Richard Esposito: That list over there as part of the flop prevention system, so any deep value drill CO2 storage prospecting well. 382 01:01:57.300 --> 01:02:06.030 Richard Esposito: or no gas for the older far that that block prevention system, and so what that guy could do them all sudden, we had a big pressure is rams can smash the drill. 383 01:02:07.020 --> 01:02:23.010 Richard Esposito: Those are the the blind land over there that again hydroponically absolutely smashed well, so the same safety procedures that we have in place for oil and gas on, even if we don't expect to see it, you have to have in place are going to food storage was. 384 01:02:25.980 --> 01:02:35.010 Richard Esposito: Going back in and look around alright so we're gonna go back inside now and the books expected, let me show you some students nearly the throne. 385 01:02:42.540 --> 01:02:57.570 Richard Esposito: So next we want to introduce the folks from spectrum environmental i'll let will let them introduce themselves and they came out and they really interesting neat application of using a drone to actually. 386 01:02:58.710 --> 01:03:02.640 Richard Esposito: Film the site and we're going to show you some video footage is from that. 387 01:03:10.530 --> 01:03:14.190 Richard Esposito: Okay, everyone i'm Ryan, Catherine was spectrum. 388 01:03:15.990 --> 01:03:30.510 Richard Esposito: And as Richard and Dave have already said, we were able to help with this presentation about providing some drone footage which data is pulling off right here and it's not sharing it's a disturbing okay so we're sharing it here shortly yeah. 389 01:03:35.670 --> 01:03:39.540 Richard Esposito: So now's push this agenda, hopefully, everyone can see that. 390 01:03:46.440 --> 01:03:54.540 Richard Esposito: Now this this footage was taken with a dji maverick drone with a 4k camera. 391 01:03:56.520 --> 01:04:21.900 Richard Esposito: April hide, who is also here with us she's our drone operator spectrum, we think this is a good way for not only provide convenience but also safety as people are trying to observe social distancing right now and and other things that this hopefully provides another aspect of this. 392 01:04:23.280 --> 01:04:27.720 Richard Esposito: field trip that's you guys can see exactly what's kind of going on here. 393 01:04:30.750 --> 01:04:31.260 Richard Esposito: Here we have. 394 01:04:33.300 --> 01:04:35.160 Richard Esposito: You can see the squad large operation. 395 01:04:37.050 --> 01:04:49.410 Richard Esposito: And this is a was taken yesterday pre recorded as of right now they're still disassembling the whole operation so Luckily, we were able to get here yesterday, while things are still. 396 01:04:50.520 --> 01:04:53.490 Richard Esposito: up and about and get some good footage. 397 01:04:55.200 --> 01:05:04.410 Richard Esposito: As Dave mentioned earlier spectrum is also be participating in the assistance of the USD wl hopefully we can. 398 01:05:05.760 --> 01:05:10.830 Richard Esposito: assist in the gathering of that baseline geochemical data in order to. 399 01:05:12.060 --> 01:05:15.240 Richard Esposito: Ensure that we're protecting the underground sources, the drinking water. 400 01:05:20.100 --> 01:05:35.130 Richard Esposito: project as well, for those of us for those of you don't know who spectrum is we are a environmental consulting group located in alabaster Alabama we also have offices in nashville and vote bill. 401 01:05:36.300 --> 01:05:46.350 Richard Esposito: we're very thankful for everyone involved, and especially for allowing us to participate with That being said, i'll give it back to Richard and let him take over here. 402 01:05:48.450 --> 01:05:54.450 Richard Esposito: Dave is going to come back to give a little more tutorial on the drilling out from. 403 01:05:55.500 --> 01:05:56.340 Richard Esposito: yeah let me i'm. 404 01:05:57.900 --> 01:06:07.800 Richard Esposito: Building my way back in here just to so as Ryan mentioned April took this this footage yesterday, while we were. 405 01:06:09.630 --> 01:06:16.740 Richard Esposito: While they were cementing the well and stop pause it here in a moment just to show off a little bit of what what you're seeing. 406 01:06:18.060 --> 01:06:27.690 Richard Esposito: So these trucks, the they got these they call teardrops in on those are the cement trucks there mixing up the samantha they're using upon the well and these, and you know injecting them into the. 407 01:06:28.740 --> 01:06:35.940 Richard Esposito: End of the well and they think these plugs are said that you know from 4000 to 2000 feet and adapt to. 408 01:06:37.140 --> 01:06:47.640 Richard Esposito: Your settings plugs to to seal off potential storage wars, you have to set plugs to to protect underground sources, drinking water and eventually they'll set that that surface plug. 409 01:06:49.560 --> 01:06:52.680 Richard Esposito: Let me see what else we have we can have a little bit more. 410 01:06:56.130 --> 01:07:00.900 Richard Esposito: When we look at the other side of the rig maybe we'll see a little bit of that that mud system. 411 01:07:06.120 --> 01:07:06.660 Richard Esposito: alright. 412 01:07:08.370 --> 01:07:09.300 Richard Esposito: This whole. 413 01:07:11.160 --> 01:07:17.640 Richard Esposito: All this stuff in the back, is where the mud is getting recycled to drill a well there's a lot to it. 414 01:07:19.320 --> 01:07:27.510 Richard Esposito: So you know the the mud, and the cuttings are coming out of here on you can't really see it very well in this image, but there's what they call shale shaker right there. 415 01:07:28.440 --> 01:07:39.090 Richard Esposito: right there is there's these screens and all the mud and gunk and cuttings or get poured out on there and it's shaking and that's why it's called shaker and all the mud is dripping down through it. 416 01:07:39.660 --> 01:07:51.780 Richard Esposito: And it gets recycled through it gets remixed and recycle through this whole train here, and then the cuttings themselves they're collected here and eventually end up in a in the storage base and over here. 417 01:07:52.920 --> 01:08:02.370 Richard Esposito: And so the onsite geologists the mud loggers they're coming in and taking that there's this cutting samples right off the shaker screen there. 418 01:08:03.330 --> 01:08:15.480 Richard Esposito: So that's right there so again, our operations are over there actually they pulled off the cuttings this was the, this is the tank they were being collected and you can even see someone that's starting to clean out those tanks. 419 01:08:16.530 --> 01:08:25.470 Richard Esposito: This is that drill piping stacked up so you can imagine, this is Oh, they have is how long speech drop George typically. 420 01:08:26.220 --> 01:08:36.000 Richard Esposito: it's usually going to do so it's somewhere between 25 to 30 Okay, so thank you, so this is maybe 60 feet or so of us two sections of drill pie put together. 421 01:08:36.540 --> 01:08:51.540 Richard Esposito: So you can imagine, this is a natural pipe if you if you lower one piece down screwed an excellent and they called making a pipe and lowered it in that's bleeding out a mile worth of pipe all stacked up together, which is a which is pretty pretty incredible to me. 422 01:08:52.650 --> 01:08:54.510 Richard Esposito: When they lay down the drill pipe they. 423 01:08:55.740 --> 01:09:02.550 Richard Esposito: or corky pull it out of the well it gets lowered on this, the catwalk there and then they'll roll it on to these. 424 01:09:04.770 --> 01:09:07.560 Richard Esposito: These support beans here and that's where they live, it off. 425 01:09:08.640 --> 01:09:18.150 Richard Esposito: So that's just a little bit of what's going on in the background of this image again, you know wt is a contractor that's drilling the wells for us. 426 01:09:19.620 --> 01:09:27.930 Richard Esposito: If I was drilling oil and gas well in the region, I would use the same drillers and use a lot of the same approach that we're doing in this, so you know I just. 427 01:09:29.490 --> 01:09:39.840 Richard Esposito: there's a lot of different ways is geologists to come into the CC us business I think if you're a structural geologists sedimentary geologist geochemistry geochemists because you are going to have to study. 428 01:09:41.070 --> 01:09:50.610 Richard Esposito: And and predict CO2 interaction with with groundwater and with you know with the mineralogy that's part of your permitting process is to be able to model that. 429 01:09:52.650 --> 01:09:59.070 Richard Esposito: You know Ryan and April or with spectrum there environmental geologists so there's certainly a big role for them. 430 01:09:59.760 --> 01:10:09.090 Richard Esposito: So you know, again, I just want to mention that again if this the first time you've seen anything related to carbon capture and utilization storage. 431 01:10:09.810 --> 01:10:17.700 Richard Esposito: As a geologist that doesn't mean that you know you're you're behind the eight ball, this is a kind of an emerging field and. 432 01:10:18.540 --> 01:10:28.560 Richard Esposito: And you know more than you think you know about CO2 storage geology if you kind of just think about it for a little while, so I just encourage people to read up on it, studying and I think I think opportunities are going to keep. 433 01:10:29.430 --> 01:10:33.810 Richard Esposito: keep growing in that field so that's my little spiel before i'll turn it over to Richard. 434 01:10:34.920 --> 01:10:36.840 Richard Esposito: To I think open up for questions. 435 01:10:37.950 --> 01:10:43.650 Richard Esposito: So let me stop this and say Thank you everyone very much i'm happy to answer questions. 436 01:10:43.950 --> 01:10:53.460 Richard Esposito: yeah so we've had some time for some Q amp a and those would be in the chat box, if you want to submit some questions also I wanted to recognize lauren. 437 01:10:53.880 --> 01:11:04.080 Richard Esposito: beckenham at auburn university, who is actually the Co Chair of the field if she wasn't able to make it here she's back in the office but lauren is a good example of when Jay. 438 01:11:04.710 --> 01:11:12.150 Richard Esposito: Dave was saying a geochemist Warren has done a lot of work on these projects at looking at the reactions of the CO2 and the reservoirs and. 439 01:11:12.390 --> 01:11:23.040 Richard Esposito: mineralization reactions and how the trapping mechanisms are going to be moving forward, as you inject CO2 into these reservoirs so let's go to the chat I see that we have a few questions. 440 01:11:25.980 --> 01:11:29.010 Richard Esposito: let's see well, I thought we had some questions. 441 01:11:30.180 --> 01:11:38.010 Richard Esposito: yeah so no actually we don't have any questions so if people want to submit some questions we're more than happy to take questions at this time. 442 01:11:39.420 --> 01:11:53.160 Richard Esposito: And, and like Dave said we we would have liked to been had active drilling going on the timing of this just fell to where they were rigging down the drill rig at this point so we were hoping to actually show. 443 01:11:53.640 --> 01:12:02.790 Richard Esposito: You know the the drilling process, but you know we couldn't we couldn't plan that out, but, but at least the drill rig was here, and it was up and they able to get a look at it. 444 01:12:08.580 --> 01:12:11.400 Richard Esposito: So i'm encouraging people to send in questions and. 445 01:12:17.190 --> 01:12:30.750 Richard Esposito: Well, so if we don't have any questions I guess we'll we'll conclude the field trip early I wanted to also apologize, I know some of you had some problems getting on, there was some glitches in the system and hopefully they'll work that out. 446 01:12:31.230 --> 01:12:42.600 Richard Esposito: i'm going to talk to GSA and hopefully we'll be able to post the field trip, so that everyone can see it from from the entirety so with that I appreciate everybody. 447 01:12:43.260 --> 01:13:00.420 Richard Esposito: Participating today, and I hope this was an educational event, and please feel free to reach out if you have any further questions regarding carbon storage to me or Dave the folks at IRI are the folks that we've been using for all of our projects, so you can contact them directly. 448 01:13:01.770 --> 01:13:04.560 Richard Esposito: You know, and in the future, maybe we'll have more events like this and. 449 01:13:05.010 --> 01:13:22.000 Richard Esposito: Honestly, if code wasn't going on and we were a little closer to auburn we would have offered for people to come to the site and firsthand so let's see the drilling opportunities so thanks everyone for joining and have a good have a good rest of the week, thank you. Richard Esposito: Honestly, if code wasn't going on and we were a little closer to auburn we would have offered for people to come to the site and firsthand so let's see the drilling opportunities so thanks everyone for joining and have a good have a good rest of the week, thank you.