egarriso: Well i'm going to.
egarriso: Be your very short introductory.
egarriso: Individual and my name is urban garrison University of Georgia, and my co host are all.
egarriso: In the oh Hello.
egarriso: are here as well, that would be Lorraine, and have a car.
egarriso: And we are really delighted that y'all are joining us and if you're in geophysical insights and applications from the mantle to the near surface, you are in the right session, if not, please say.
egarriso: We have we have some really fine presentation very diverse presentations and I think it is reflective of the.
egarriso: Of the title it's a very broad and inclusive title, but I think it captures the spirit of what we wanted to present in this session so just a few rules.
egarriso: You all know that you can share screen so there's nothing there, there is a 17 minute time limit on your presentation, you will be time by both if a car and myself i'm backup on time i'm.
egarriso: The first team on timing for the posters and the posters operate differently if you've never done one it's five minutes.
egarriso: The video runs for five minutes simultaneously with the poster and then there's a five minute Q amp a, unlike the regular presentation oral presentations which 17 minutes, plus three minutes Q amp a and.
egarriso: We will enforce that, so I would like to again say anyone who wants to participate in Q amp a.
egarriso: question in the chat and we will then take the question and presented from there and I don't think there's anything else, we need to cover if.
egarriso: Lorraine rob you think if card I miss anything.
roberthawman: sounds good to me.
egarriso: Well then.
Lorraine Wolf: I think we're ready to start.
Lorraine Wolf: 35, we have to wait till three 435.
egarriso: Okay, well, we can pinch pennies for a few minutes here anyway, are.
egarriso: You not looked at the schedule.
egarriso: Our first presentation presenter will be Laura Hannah wall from university of Georgia, this year out there.
egarriso: And she will be presenting on the structure of the list of sphere across the appalachian origin reflection profiling using earthquakes and I suspect that one of my co host is instrumental in this particular presentation.
egarriso: Since he does a lot of this so i'm eager to hear what Laura has to say about this.
egarriso: So I have two more minutes by my clock.
egarriso: The questions by anybody about anything is going to happen.
roberthawman: what's that picture behind your your head.
egarriso: Oh southern Scottish Highlands and that's a one of the monroes as they like to call their mountains, and this is the ferry mountain she hallion.
roberthawman: is great.
egarriso: I stared at it for about two weeks in 2015 when I was doing a geophysical survey of an iron age hill for.
egarriso: it's a weather vane give the top that little mob is covered with the clouds you might as well pack your gear up and head for the truck because it's going to rain.
roberthawman: You know how high the peak is.
egarriso: hey well to be in Monroe you gotta be 3000 feet, so I don't know how much over that it is.
egarriso: Again I think there's over 100 monroe's and people collect them.
egarriso: So you can spend your half your life hiking around.
egarriso: collecting the Rose.
egarriso: they're the ones that are shorter than morose have a name but I don't remember what they're called.
Lorraine Wolf: I think what.
roberthawman: Are you ready.
Lorraine Wolf: i'm ready to begin.
roberthawman: Okay, he.
roberthawman: was going to go ahead and introduce our speakers at our first presentation as.
roberthawman: Urban just pointed out, is structured to let this fear across the appalachian origin reflection profiling using earthquakes authors are Laura Hannah wall Michael kulick Rebecca Rebecca have statler and me and we'll start out with Laura.
Michael Cuilik: Thank you so much.
Michael Cuilik: Starting with since it's deployment in 2000 and for the transportable Ray has provided exciting new insights into the structure little of the sphere beneath the continental us.
Michael Cuilik: Important discoveries include the variations in thickness of the sphere and detailed structure of the let the sphere.
Michael Cuilik: sphere boundary or lamb beneath the stable interior and tectonically more active regions beneath the continental margins.
Michael Cuilik: The nature structure is giving rise to middle of the spirit discontinuities has also received growing attention.
Michael Cuilik: What the eastern passage of the ta the focus has gradually shifted from actively to forming crust in the western us to the role of upper manual processes and helping to sustain elevated typography East of the Mississippi in particular on portions of the appalachian origin.
Michael Cuilik: Recent studies have focused on long wavelength features and come to sing large volumes of the subsurface and they've also mostly focused on the analysis of S waves.
Michael Cuilik: mapping P wave reflectivity might be one way to improve resolution we've been doing some work on this using data from the sesame and transportable arrays.
Michael Cuilik: sesame was an array of 85 broadband stations noted by blue dots on the map deployed along three profiles to oriented north, south roughly perpendicular to propose allegheny and suture between.
Michael Cuilik: And a third oriented Northwest southeast perpendicular to the strike of the appalachian origin.
Michael Cuilik: Recent work with the sesame array shows P wave reflections from depths less than one kilometer to roughly 200 kilometers beneath the southern appalachians.
Michael Cuilik: Major features include mojo reflections that increase in two way time from 1010 seconds roughly 30 kilometers beneath the coastal plain so over 17 seconds, or between 55 to 60 kilometers beneath the blue Ridge mountains.
Michael Cuilik: reflections interpreted as the lamb were observed at times between 32 and 36 seconds roughly 122 135 kilometers the purpose of our current work is to extend this type of analysis to stations of the ta to trace structures westward across the transition to the continental interior.
Michael Cuilik: In particular, the goals of this work or to one map variations in the detailed structure of the cross boundary to place constraints on the likely nature of this continuity within the sub Castle with a sphere.
Michael Cuilik: Three map variations in depth and detailed structure of the lamb and for place constraints on the nature of flow and the uppermost a csv we accomplish this by examining data across three profile is Mr nw shown with red dots on the map.
Michael Cuilik: we've been experimenting with a method developed by rogue rock and Robin are basically, the idea is to use pk I kp the p way of the travels through the inner core as virtual seismic source.
Michael Cuilik: For large distances these waves arrive at the near vertical incidence Upon reflection at the free surface they travel back down into the earth, where they are reflected from various discontinuities.
Michael Cuilik: The key assumption is that the reflective passer also nearly vertical so one concrete the source and receiver points as coincidence.
Michael Cuilik: know that the surface reflection causes a reversal and polarity so reflections from interfaces with positive and peons contrast like the moto end up with negative polarities.
Michael Cuilik: So this map shows the distribution of earthquakes and the ideal distance range between 115 and 145 degrees at larger distances like 145 260 degrees other rivals, such as pk P can interfere.
Michael Cuilik: PGI kp arrives, with an incident angle of about five degrees we get even smaller angles, which means cheaper raise if we use events at distances beyond 160 degrees near the antidote of the arrays.
Michael Cuilik: Our first task is to remove the effect of the extended earthquake source time function following links done in hammer we estimate this waveform by stacking traces for stations deployed on Crystal and bedrock.
Michael Cuilik: We first align the pk I kp arrivals by cross correlation then we stack or add all the waveforms together.
Michael Cuilik: The assumption here is that the waveform associated with the source time function is common to all traces while events related to structure laterally variable, and so they cancel out, this is an example with eight stations and the stack is the last race.
Michael Cuilik: We then use this way for them to do, involve the traces here we show results for a large earthquake recorded along one of the ta profiles, the large amplitude impulsive event at zero time is the DK involved pk kp waveform it serves as a time reference for later reflections.
Michael Cuilik: So for this study we focused on 16 earthquakes in the western Pacific we use the source waveforms estimated from the sesame data to do involve seismic grams recorded by tasc.
Michael Cuilik: philosophy models for converting time to depth were derived from a combination of wide angle data using both path active and passive sources and results from co corp surveys.
Michael Cuilik: For the mantle we use results from recent tomography studies we focused our attention on three east, west profiles, these are plotted on map showing videography movie gravity anomalies generalized geology and precambrian basement.
Michael Cuilik: This figure shows the station coverage for line w for each of the 16 earthquakes analyzed the earthquakes in 2011 and early 2012 primarily hit the western half of the stations.
Michael Cuilik: And the stations in which the earthquakes hit gradually moved to the east, coinciding with the deployment of the ta cross sections for line M and our would be very similar.
Michael Cuilik: we'll start by looking at decoupled gathers from line w start here.
Michael Cuilik: And this plot, we can see reflections and the red brackets around 28 and 32 seconds roughly 100 to 114 kilometers which we interpret as led.
Michael Cuilik: In this plot some layering in the lower crust can be seen near 10 seconds about 35 kilometers and around 36 to 38 seconds roughly 130 to 135 kilometers a reflection that dips westward and maybe the lamb.
Michael Cuilik: Here we interpret the reflection at around 45 seconds roughly 157 kilometers dipping towards the West, be the lamb and the reflection around 60 seconds roughly 214 kilometers also dipping towards the West may to be layering within the stratosphere.
Michael Cuilik: On this plot we interpret the reflection and around 44 seconds again corresponding to 157 kilometers dipping to the West to be the lamb, which is consistent with the previous earthquake.
Michael Cuilik: There there's a minor prevent artifact and the negative 22 zero second window, but because of the consistency of this plot with the previous plot, we are still led to believe that the lb reflection is real.
Michael Cuilik: Here are the two previous earthquake event side by side to compare the consistency of the led.
Michael Cuilik: Here we interpret their reflections at around 20 seconds and 22 seconds or roughly 60 kilometers to be middle of the spirit discontinuities.
Michael Cuilik: The red brackets around 58 to 64 second corresponding to roughly 107 to 130 kilometers are interpreted as layering in the sphere.
Michael Cuilik: The red brackets and the pre event window that come in at an Easter dipping angle are Microsystems generated by standing waves in the ocean basin are at periods from four to eight seconds.
Michael Cuilik: Lastly, for line w their reflections at around five to eight seconds or 18 to 28 kilometers maybe a sheer zone, the reflection around 15 seconds dipping to the West, maybe the know have.
Michael Cuilik: Next, we will look at line our start here.
Michael Cuilik: For the first plot, the lowest frequency plot and negative polarity we see a clearly defined reflection, starting at roughly 10 seconds to the east.
Michael Cuilik: dipping to near 14 seconds beneath the appalachian mountains before slightly shadowing toward the interior of the continent, beneath Eastern Kentucky However, at the lower values of alpha we are unable to see much detailed structure.
Michael Cuilik: So, for the same earthquake but higher frequency, we can see the structure of the moto but now we're able to see other interesting features come into view right below the pk kp rival about one to two seconds, we are able to see the appalachian base.
Michael Cuilik: Deeper around 34 seconds or 128 kilometers were able to see what may be the lamb coming into focus on the eastern portion of the plot.
Michael Cuilik: same earthquake and same frequency here but positive polarity this plot is just a shown in large view of the appalachian based and reflection.
Michael Cuilik: Again same earthquake, but even higher frequency, as we increase the frequency range of the pot we begin to reveal structure beneath the interpreted lamb which we propose to be learning within the Assam sphere around 44 and 53 seconds or 165 and 200 kilometers.
Michael Cuilik: For the next earthquake, we see a clear reflection between 12 to 15 seconds or 45 to 56 kilometers which, again we interpret as the mo consistent with line w and the sesame data.
Michael Cuilik: know the reflection dips westward bottoms out beneath the higher elevations of the appalachian mountains shall is briefly then begins to dip again toward the continental interior.
Michael Cuilik: Here at a higher frequency, for the same event, we see a shallow reflection interpreted as the only based on to the West, which moves eastward up to into the Cincinnati arch.
Michael Cuilik: And then dips down further use word into the application and based on moving deeper starting around 220 kilometers to the east and dipping inward slightly towards continental interior, we can see this phenomena of layering in these things come through at higher frequencies.
Michael Cuilik: From this next earthquake, we are unable to parse out a clear mojo or led signal, however, we do get very clear imaging of the same shallow structures, I previously mentioned the Illinois basin Cincinnati arch and appalachian basin.
Michael Cuilik: As well as at least three reflections within the csv are likely to be more wearing these are at 4852 and 56 seconds or 180 195 and 210 kilometers respectively.
Michael Cuilik: The last earthquake analyze for this line covers more of the continental interior from southern indiana too far Western was very.
Michael Cuilik: It was relatively noisy at depth but produced some shallow reflections about two seconds that coincide with the ozark plateau region.
Michael Cuilik: This relatively flat sequence corresponds to the base of the St Francis while volcanic terrain that underlies the base of the cardinal carbonate group that has those are aquifer.
Michael Cuilik: So next we're going to look at line m, which is start here.
Michael Cuilik: So this is a positive polarity plot where you can see a middle of the sphere discontinuity at about 20 seconds, as well as the lamb at about 36 seconds.
Michael Cuilik: there's also layering in the Center sphere between 40 and 60 seconds, and there are some minor artifacts in the negative 20 to zero second window but due to the consistency of this plot with records of other earthquakes, we believe the lamb reflection to be correct.
Michael Cuilik: So this is also a positive polarity plot where you can see the mojo at about 16 seconds and the lamb at about 36 seconds, which is consistent with the previous plot.
Michael Cuilik: The wavelengths marked as noise our artifacts generated by interference with the free surface multiple of the direct P way of arrival.
Michael Cuilik: So this is a negative polarity plot where you can see the mojo at about 15 seconds, which is consistent with the previous plot the lamb is not clearly defined but there's also a middle of the sphere discontinuity at about 28 seconds.
Michael Cuilik: And lastly, this is a positive polarity plot, or you can see the middle crust right after the PTA kp arrival at about six seconds.
Michael Cuilik: The stations cross the mid-continent gravity high the gravity highs belief, to mark elite precambrian rift filled with me fake intrusions and lava flows, the polarity of the reflection indicates a negative impedance contrast, so this may mark the base of a mythic body.
Michael Cuilik: To summarize reviews pk I kp as a virtual source to generate reflections with depths, ranging from 2.4 kilometers in the upper crust to roughly 200 kilometers in the upper mansell.
Michael Cuilik: We interpret coherent energy at times 32 to 45 seconds or depths increasing westward from 100 to 170 kilometers as reflections from the base of the with the sphere.
Michael Cuilik: Later reflections are interpreted as layering within the ascend sphere, possibly generated by dragging deuce flow.
Michael Cuilik: And we're getting recognizable and useful signal levels from single earthquakes, without stacking traces for multiple events.
Michael Cuilik: For future work, we want to expand the analysis of ta data to include additional east, west profiles incorporate additional earthquakes and stack trace that traces for multiple earthquakes, to boost signal levels.
Michael Cuilik: This work is supported by grants or Chevron and the National Science Foundation and thank you very much for listening.
roberthawman: So thank you do we have questions.
Lorraine Wolf: I have a question, so I was going to ask you about why you didn't stack different earthquakes.
Lorraine Wolf: Along the same line is that something that you still are planning to do before you finish your work or.
Lorraine Wolf: Somebody to take that on.
Michael Cuilik: Yes, well, we absolutely want to step them we basically honestly just ran out of time, but we did find really useful signals from single earthquakes which was really promising so to stack earthquakes in the future is is a plan to do we do have a plan to do so.
Lorraine Wolf: And to do that well you line them up on the ti K, the pk I kp arrival yes.
David's iPad (4): I have a question why do you think the mojo is not more distinguishable on virtually all of the plots.
Michael Cuilik: and take this one it's mainly because the these boundaries are are not.
Michael Cuilik: sharp contacts they're more laird laird contacts, so we kind of expect to see that.
Michael Cuilik: Multiple multiple cycles.
Michael Cuilik: coming through and, hopefully, as we begin to stack these data that they may becomes a little bit more clear.
Michael Cuilik: But it is it's.
Michael Cuilik: Something that we've been able to parse out these signals just from single earthquakes to to reasonable confidence level.
roberthawman: Michael may I add something to that.
Yes.
roberthawman: Also, each earthquake generates really different frequencies and some just to have seemed to have a better remote more appropriate frequency content to catch that.
roberthawman: interface, but again as Michael pointed out, we expect these images to focus better and better, as we start to stack the signals we certainly saw that, in the recent paper by the rail and adele.
roberthawman: To me it's reassuring, you can see him without stalking.
Lorraine Wolf: I just want to make a logistical comment, if you, we have a lot of people here, so we can't get everybody on the screen So if you want to ask a question just put it in the chat to just say you want to ask a question and we'll focus in on you.
Lorraine Wolf: There any further questions for the speaker.
roberthawman: Already ahead of schedule.
Lorraine Wolf: yeah we have one and a half, more minutes.
David's iPad (4): not get asked one more question how well did the tour corp data correlate to the ta data, it will be able to do that.
Welcome
roberthawman: Michael can I jump in.
Michael Cuilik: yeah I.
Michael Cuilik: didn't really go through where the.
Michael Cuilik: Cocoa really line w would be correlated with coke or lines.
Michael Cuilik: But they they are kind of perpendicular to each other.
roberthawman: And Sam and we did the comparison with the results from the sesame array and the recent paper you found pretty good.
roberthawman: correspondence between moto times in the coastal plain actually the tk kp tend to be a little bit shallower.
roberthawman: But then those co corp lines, the ICO lines as well, never did succeed in imaging the mojo beneath the higher elevations.
roberthawman: And so those pk I kp generated reflections were really as far as I can tell, they were the first few wave reflections that were observed beneath those high elevation so, and if you look at that now one slide that they showed it's I think it's a pretty convincing signal.
roberthawman: And I think the advantage, there is the lower frequency content of the of the earthquakes.
Lorraine Wolf: Think we're ready to move to the next gen.
Okay.
roberthawman: Our next presentation is entitled tectonics structure of East Antarctica from full waveform ambient noise tomography by a she's kumar samantha Hansen and Erica emory and hashish will be our speaker.
Ashish Kumar: Who Hello everyone, my name is ashish i'm a master student in the department of geological sciences and the University of Alabama So may I share my screen.
Ashish Kumar: So today i'm going to talk about the tectonic structures in eastern Africa, which I have been doing from flew away from me noise demography method.
Ashish Kumar: The outline of the presentation is i'm going to start with a brief introduction about the structures in East Antarctica.
Ashish Kumar: Then i'll talk about the origin and evolution of these structures, further to investigate these structures, what data and methods, I have used i'll discuss this further their users, which I have got using the full pay, I mean noise tomography method, and then the conclusion of this presentation.
Ashish Kumar: So more than 95% surface in Antarctica is covered by thick ice sheets given a remote location and harsh climate conditions Antarctica is one of the least explored continents on the surface of the earth.
Ashish Kumar: In East Antarctica there are various significant geological structures such as transantarctic mountains will subglacial base in gamburtsev appalachian mountains and aurora as a glacial pace, so today i'm going to talk about these four structures so transantarctic mountains.
Ashish Kumar: lies in the Center of the Antarctica and separate West and East Antarctica it is nearly 3500 kilometer long and reaches up to four kilometers in elevation.
Ashish Kumar: Will subglacial based in lies in the handle and of transantarctic mountains and it's the largest subglacial basin in eastern article, it is 1400 meter long and 600 meter wide.
Ashish Kumar: gambit six appalachian mountains lies in the Center of the eastern article and it's bedrock elevation is nearly 2500 meters.
Ashish Kumar: And the last one is an older simulation basin, which lies perpendicular to the eastern coast of the continent and is nearly 1000 kilometer long.
Ashish Kumar: So previous studies have proposed different origin models for these structures, but these origin models are inconsistent with each other so to further investigate these structures and going to.
Ashish Kumar: have used a.
Ashish Kumar: Seismic data from different temporary and permanent networks in East Antarctica.
Ashish Kumar: And I have so i'll discuss my readers.
Ashish Kumar: So now i'm going to talk about the different origin models of the structures so, starting with the transantarctic mountains so.
Ashish Kumar: The one model for the origin of the transatlantic mountain is the flagship model of origin, so this model suggests that the origin of the transantarctic mounted is associated with the affliction of Eastern article, it was fair.
Ashish Kumar: and reflection of the eastern Arctic little sphere is caused by different factors such as the end load.
Ashish Kumar: I slowed that is present on the top of the little sphere, and that is on the most important factor is the thermal load that is associated with the presence of a West Antarctic risk system, we need the Western article is Australia and the descent of the eastern article torture.
Ashish Kumar: The next model is the crystal isostatic model, so this model suggest than the origin of the transantarctic mountain is associated with the thick crust that is present beneath the mountain system and suppose and supports the high typography of the prompts and dotting mountains.
Ashish Kumar: Later study which came up suggest that the origin of the transantarctic mountain is associated with the multiple factors which includes the lecture of the eastern typically for sphere as well as a tick crust which is present beneath the origin many the transcendental mountains.
Ashish Kumar: The wills simulation based in which is present in in the hinterland of the constant Arctic mountain has also multiple of.
Ashish Kumar: Origin models which are inconsistent with the one on the an early study in 1970s, characterized the word submission based in as an interpreter threatening based in that's been associated with the pre existing structures in eastern article later I study.
Ashish Kumar: Using gravity and maintain data.
Ashish Kumar: listed that will submission based in his form by the rift systems during other separation of final are doing something separation of East and Africa with.
Ashish Kumar: India and Australia and due to the crystal thickening there is a depression zone and that led to the formation of will substantial basis.
Ashish Kumar: However, another model that is the actual model of origin suggest that works, based in as fun as an outer low in conjunction with the.
Ashish Kumar: upliftment of the transantarctic mountain associated with the affliction of Eastern tactically towards fair.
Ashish Kumar: Now now about the gamber six appalachian mountains, it is situated in the Center of the Center Center of the eastern article towards fair are and not a significant research has been done in this area, but in early 2000.
Ashish Kumar: And study using gravity data suggested that the initial uplift of the gamber six appalachian mountains are associated with the thick route.
Ashish Kumar: That are that spawned during the initial continental collision but later during the resting associated with the final separation of eastern Africa with India and Australia.
Ashish Kumar: caused the flank that supported the final uplift of the gambler simulation mountain and additional uplift has been caused you to the polar new to the ice and.
Ashish Kumar: subglacial it wasn't.
Ashish Kumar: Our recent seismic studies suggest that the gamble six appalachian mountain or underlain by take little sphere and the little sphere are associated with.
Ashish Kumar: precambrian period and it's been not affected by the later subduction or lyft associated tectonic activities So these are demographic studies suggest that.
Ashish Kumar: The gamber six appalachian mountains have are associated with thick crust that suggests that supports the high typography and there is no role of lift mechanism in the upliftment of the gamblers of circulation mountains.
Ashish Kumar: For the aurora basing which lies are the eastern coast of the Antarctica.
Ashish Kumar: Are not associated with much studies, so we do not have significant models that suggests the origin of the as.
Ashish Kumar: glacial pace, and most of the demographic models suggest fast our Crystal and Upper mental are velocities in this region, however, there is a model which came up in 2013 are suggested slow velocities we need the aurora base in and here on the figure in the right side, you can see.
Ashish Kumar: The black.
Ashish Kumar: oval shaped box in circles, the slow velocity and families that have been observed any the arrest of glacial pace and.
Ashish Kumar: So to further investigate these structures and.
Ashish Kumar: about the origin and tectonic evolution so i'm I am you i've used ambient noise data from the at three different.
Ashish Kumar: stations associated with different temporary and permanent networks, I have.
Ashish Kumar: filtered these data into different.
Ashish Kumar: frequencies frequency bands that range from 15 to 340 seconds, you can see, the number of data in each frequency are a period ranges so the number of data in a shorter period band is more in comparison to the long period band.
Ashish Kumar: After that we have.
Ashish Kumar: The speakers shows the propagation of the synthetic Bay phones in this in this study reason we have the starting model that comprises of.
Ashish Kumar: crystal layers from the smarter and Upper mental layers from the candidate model.
Ashish Kumar: So for any tomography study we need two important things that are the real data and the synthetic and the synthetic waveforms and the we have got the data from the ambient noise.
Ashish Kumar: From the different seismic stations and well as we had before we have done simulations of the synthetic waveforms.
Ashish Kumar: And for that we have compared both the real data and the sensitive waveforms to compute the Cross core relation, efficient and the face daily, so the figure shows an example of the comparison of the real data with the synthetic wave forms.
Ashish Kumar: Of the figure on the left, shows the special distribution of the empirical Greens functions that is computed our data in the study region.
Ashish Kumar: And the right figure on the right, shows the sensitivity, Colonel.
Ashish Kumar: Of the data in this table reason, so the spatial distribution of the data is pretty good, however, due to the lack of seismic stations along the eastern coast of the continent we do the coverage of the coverage of this especially coverage is.
Ashish Kumar: competitively less in comparison to the central portion of this 30 reasons.
Ashish Kumar: As our so after the inversion we have got the final model in the form of Shelby velocity a structure and.
Ashish Kumar: In East Antarctica so this figure shows the isotopic share with us today structure perturbations in relation to the starting model in East and Africa at selected mental depth, so we have i've shown the shelbyville steel structure at four deaths that are.
Ashish Kumar: into 47 kilometers so this model suggest significant our.
Ashish Kumar: structures, we need the proposed our.
Ashish Kumar: instructors that are gamburtsev circulation mountains transantarctic mountains with subglacial base in an arrow circulation basis.
Ashish Kumar: So, if you look at the transantarctic mountains, we observed slow mental our velocities at all depths they suggest that the slow middle velocity are associated with the thermal anomalies that are due to the presence of.
Ashish Kumar: West and our hot hot excellent atmospheric material due to the due to the presence of West Antarctic drip system.
Ashish Kumar: We can observe that gamburtsev simulation mountains are associate are underlined by fast velocities So if you observe the color bar here the red color.
Ashish Kumar: are associated with the slow velocities and nuclear are associated with the fast velocities so cumbersome simulation mountains are associated with fast velocity is that signify.
Ashish Kumar: Take our and cold little sphere beneath the gamburtsev appalachian mountains, if we look at the Wilson glacial pace in the also observed the fast.
Ashish Kumar: velocities been in the works of glacial pace in that suggests represents of thick and cold ethos fair similar to the.
Ashish Kumar: Central East and Article it was featured in the region of a rural simulation based in we observed slow velocity and emily's that extend to nearly 250 kilometers depth that suggests the presence of.
Ashish Kumar: Slow velocities that may be associated with the rise of hot esoteric material associated with the live system that created during the final separation of Eastern article with India and Australian Australia.
Ashish Kumar: So, on the basis of.
Ashish Kumar: The results from the demographic model.
Ashish Kumar: My conclusion about the structures are.
Ashish Kumar: The origin of transantarctic mountains are associated with the reflection of the East and Arctic a little sphere that are supported by the.
Ashish Kumar: End load, as well as the thermal load associated with the vest and Arctic refuge system, the origin of the will subglacial pacing is also associated with the reflection of the.
Ashish Kumar: Eastern tactically thoughts were and originated in conjunction with the uplift of the transantarctic mountains.
Ashish Kumar: The origin of gamma six appalachian mountains are associated with the presence of thick little sphere, and therefore I suggest that the thick grass beneath the gas explosion mountain supports the high typography.
Ashish Kumar: And we do not observe any significant evidence of lifting beneath the campus of simulation mountains, so we do not suggest that there, there is any road of.
Ashish Kumar: Lifting in the upliftment of the gamber six appalachian mountains.
Ashish Kumar: So, of the presence of slow velocity and emily's meaning the earth and glacial pace in suggest that there might be the hot astronauts.
Ashish Kumar: astronauts phallic material and the upper mental reason that came up during that came up due to the presence of rift system.
Ashish Kumar: That form during the final separation of Eastern article with Australia, so I suggested already our presence of origin of Revelation basing is associated with the lymph system that form during the final separation of Eastern.
Ashish Kumar: So for this research, I would like to thank my advisor Dr Sam Hansen and other committee members, and also, I would like to thank the Department of geological sciences University of Alabama and National Science Foundation for the financial support of the project.
Ashish Kumar: Thank you so much, I would like to take any quick questions.
Lorraine Wolf: you're muted.
rob.
roberthawman: I had a brief question can you go back to one of your slides.
Yes.
roberthawman: It was the one year the beginning, showing the proposed model for the formation of the Is it the the birds F mountains.
Ashish Kumar: This one.
roberthawman: yeah okay yeah there's a lot of interesting stuff going on in there.
roberthawman: Well, could you could you repeat what you said about that.
roberthawman: about each stage yeah.
Ashish Kumar: So this study was conducted in early to 2027 so this model suggest the upliftment of Denver since appalachian mountains and different stages so during the.
Ashish Kumar: During the during the initial continental collisions or you can say the formation of super continents and the separation of supercontinent.
Ashish Kumar: Initial take root form beneath the cameras of simulation mountains that form the initial high topography of nearly you can say one kilometer after that are.
Ashish Kumar: During the Ross origami there was a subduction between the eastern and western going to one, but there was no significant effect of that on the.
Ashish Kumar: topography of the gamber since appalachian mountains later during the end of the Jurassic period, or when there was a final separation of Eastern article with India and Australia that formed the rift system and, at the end of the day, if you can see, there is a flank.
Ashish Kumar: Here, that that.
Ashish Kumar: So that Lang Lang system cause the final upliftment of the gamber six appalachian mountain and and after the.
Ashish Kumar: After the glassy legislation period that started doing the 24 million years ago the flu wheel and glacial a nose and provided.
Ashish Kumar: provided more you can say provide more isostatic support to form the latest latest typography so that we observed now.
roberthawman: So in.
roberthawman: In a panel be on by the time you have that erosion, the root itself is fairly dense and then in panel see I think I remember how this works, then you're actually reheating the route and that helps that makes it more buoyant that contributes to the uplift in addition to the lifting.
roberthawman: So you sort of have two things going on there.
roberthawman: And then penalty that's really an interesting way to create typography you know you're rolling out these valleys so you're decreasing the average elevation but.
roberthawman: In response to erosion of that material it's being uplifted and so you're actually the elevation of into individual pieces increasing, even as the average elevation is decreasing so it's kind of a neat way to explain, you know higher leaf in some of these very old mountain ranges.
Ashish Kumar: yeah so inbound to be basically due to the erosion in some portion there is a decrease decrease in the topography, but.
Ashish Kumar: The point where there is a maximum he knows and due to the that creates the crystal isostatic effects from the from the bottom and that.
Ashish Kumar: isostatic effect for the for the cause don't implement in the topography.
roberthawman: Right and and reheating the root, which was originally fairly dense that and that allows that uplift to happen it just doesn't sit there the mantle it actually is buoyant and as your road stuff on top it rises again.
Ashish Kumar: yeah so.
Ashish Kumar: You know when the when the drifting happened it caused the mechanical unloading of the hospital in some portion due to be there was a foundation of flag at the other end and that caused the for the upliftment of the mountain during the night Eastern topic articulate system.
roberthawman: Right, so you sort of have it to two mechanisms going on at the same time reheating and then that outflank up with.
roberthawman: that's really interesting.
To.
roberthawman: um I guess we're ready for the next Paper next presentation, and this is entitled appalachian basin analogs as a tool for understanding the geology of the Bering sea shelf.
roberthawman: The authors are Gustavo martin's frank atkinson and Stig morton knutson and our speaker will be Gustavo martin's.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: Can you guys hear me.
Lorraine Wolf: Yes, we can hear you, you can share your screen.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: Okay.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: alrighty.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: may start.
roberthawman: you're good.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: Okay, so thanks for the invitation, my name is Christina machines, I am a PhD candidate at the University of Kentucky and i'm going to present this work entitled appalachian base and analogs as a tool for understanding the job of the berenson shelf.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: This is part of my PhD research which still like on a very initial moment, and it has be supervised by Dr frank edinson here in Kentucky and it received funding and external cooperation for the Norwegian petroleum Directorate represented by doctors two more minutes.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: So this work is based on the following hypothesis that the tectonic strategic of the appalachian Beijing in the Jason instructor Tony cares.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: is very similar to the upper paleozoic to me the mesozoic tectonics photography they read in one of the Baron see shelf.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: Hence the appalachian succession can be used as a large scale text on a certain graphic analog to that succession of the variances shelf.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: As a fun fact I formulated this hypothesis, while helping undergrad students with field work in Kentucky and took it to the university and they liked it does.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: highlighting the importance of investing field workforce and the important hypothesis, such as this, is that it can be used to understand frontier areas, it provides international cooperation and, of course, academic originality in the application.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: But you may be thinking, why do you use the appalachian area to compare with an air like the parents see shelf, which is located liking, the Arctic and things like that.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: yeah it's very surprising, but actually you would all be very surprised on how similar they can actually be an even people which doesn't have.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: geologic earth sciences background have been noticing this thing's believe or not.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: So, for instance, this is a random you know Internet for and I thought was very interesting that the person asks it is just me or are the URLs in Russia and, by the way the Barrett C sharp is inserted in the relevant setting.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: In the appalachian mountains, they were strangely similar so we don't really need to go through this but it's just to show that the similarities can be caught, even by people without the background like.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: as basic as these observations, can be like because of their age, they are heavily eroded and not particularly high topping up out around 2000 meters.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: as basic as as basic as this is it's a valid observation, so if we go to the study area more detail in here we have the Bering sea shelf, which is this very scary like area and the Eric has it in its margins, the countries of Norway here Russia.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: The North Atlantic in the Arctic Ocean, which should be around here, and although the shelf is mostly underwater it outcrops at svalbard which sparked Norway.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: And friends heels of land in know via zoom archipelagos which are part of rush.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: And even though there has been a lot of mean a lot of mineral resources and hydrocarbon exploration in this shelf.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: The geologists still largely unknown because it's very complicated the geographical position makes exploration very challenging.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: and lack of there, especially on the Russian side of the shelf, which is here can be quite a problem, so this is the importance of using analogs because it may help mitigating for this things.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: So, if we look at the structural framework of the variances shelf, here we can see that, besides it.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: decides the shelf being bordered by the countries and different oceans, it also boarded at this mar box margin by organic related lens in this case the your alliance with go from here, all the way to the south.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: And we can see that, next to this organic related lands we see very large and deep data centers some of them elongated some of them not really.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: And as we go West, we see that it becomes a puzzle of intricate tonic basins and platforms and even though we have not many Lena means being shown here, this is because this figure is oversimplified.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: Because the history and tectonic events in the shelf is very, very complex, so in this figure, which is also very complex but i'm going to summarize it very quickly.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: We see some of the main events that were responsible for the creation of what the variances shelf is today.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: And we can see that some of the important ones, is that the basement was consolidated in neoproterozoic cambrian during the so called team in an origin.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: And it managed to consolidate half of the shelf, which is this, but if you go to the Western side you'll have Caledonian basements instead.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: And, although we have the euro lights going on here this Araceli didn't manage to consolidate the basement of itself in the Bering sea shelf nevertheless is one.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: If not, the most important or rg for this tectonics critical from the shelf and we can also see the several micro continents and you know Siberia has extended be around here and the show how complex the evolution of this error really was.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: When we look at the appalachian area we see somehow similar features, we see large chronic areas there is a margin were several origin is you know.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: persistently happened let's say there is that the creation of along the Center which the fall and Beijing and as we go West we have this deep circling trucker tonic basis and if.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: let's say, generally speaking, you will consider the watchtower mountains, maybe to some extent part of the appalachian erogenous, then we can also think on a matter of this several.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: basis and platforms towards the West, so when we put this to heirs, together, we can see actually what it seems to be eye catching similarity so.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: We have.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: Large crotona area large credit tonic area, we have a margin, where origins happen, the same thing here.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: We have huge epicenters adjacent to it the same here and we have a mosaic of patients and platforms, the same way as in here.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: But can we observe this in cross section in perhaps in a more like middle range scale so let's try, if we look at this section of the appalachians.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: And this section of the barons issue of, we can see first looking at the appalachian area that we have an urgent built.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: For lambasting abodes the Cincinnati arch in the adjacent intercut tonic Illinois basin, which is the dinar base, moreover, we can see the progress.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: of a series of strata graphic packages which eventually overfill the Beijing and pro greats into the interconnect tonic base.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: When we compare with the variances shelf, we have very similar geometries and elements, so we have an origin, we have a foreign Beijing what it appears to be a boat and we have an instructor to Beijing and.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: So, because of the similarities it's very desirable to apply the appalachian Beijing models as an unlocked the Baron see shelf because.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: Many of them are based in later satiric why wine, the bear and see, although they have their share of little static graphic models.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: They are mostly based in geophysics like size and friends, therefore, any type of contribution.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: of little study graphic contribution can be helped any one of them, that has been very successful in the IT successful in the air pollution, air is the text of phase model.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: In which it represents the strategy graphic response of a for us for lens threat the graphic response after an origin posts.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: In this cycle can be larger explained by Quinlan belmont 1984 the neocon model which says that if we apply the informational load the crust will.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: Actually respond in the form and this this information or load advances towards the Creator, the for land and the integrator tonic Beijing May.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: interfere with each other and eventually made merge, or in other words yo if this happens, literally just from here can come to hear.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: Usually the psychos marked by a base on conformity black shadows, which marks that the formation of loading flourished like segments with marks the loading type relaxation and equilibrium of the origin.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: And more last type segments, which marks the unloading type relaxation in heavy rotation of the origin.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: And this section section in the appalachians shows the cycles very well in which will have based on confined to black shapes flesh molars.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: Based on conformed to black shoes fish fish molars in this represents tech two phases, or in other words, take on tectonics photographic responses to our agenda posts.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: And they open that I just mentioned, if you look at this blue shaded here represents the migration of the utica show from the four lanes to the intricate tonic basie.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: And it's intensified by the young game of the base of unconformity and the young, of the black shapes and this is very important if we're talking about patrol and geology play mapping play fairway mapping and things like that.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: But does this exist in the Bering sea shelf so in here we have what is called a random succession, this is pre reading this is related to the open of the Atlantic and actually we do.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: This section represents this line here this little line and, if you look at eastern areas of the section, we see a typical for land like succession with based on conformity black shales flourish and molars and eventually.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: The the base of unconfirmed young's, and so the black shales and all the foreign succession migrate toward westward areas.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: and eventually the blade the succession is kept by up upper unconformity, then we have again black shares flourish molars unconformity.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: course classics but then you may be asking where's the black shadows here then wire name these attacks have face.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: This is because this is analogous to delegate and urging and, if you look at the succession of the appalachian Beijing you see that there is no black shells why.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: Because this represents content content collision in this in the case of the variances shelf is the coalition of Siberia with body.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: And why this is named your alien in Novi assembly innovation, this is because, as they rarely in closed from South to North, we have the main organic events at the south, which are the reading, but the final events happened only here in the Novi examiner and that's why November Novi ISM.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: If we compare, for instance, with a succession of the appalachian area, we see that Cindy very similar because, once we have the foreign Beijing being in.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: i'm sorry, once we have the foreign Beijing appearing here, then we have an enrichment in black shelves, we see all the several legal tech two phases black shadows flourish molars and so on, representing origin poses.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: and eventually when we reach here we have the URL again and collision and that's why the absence of black shales does marketing content content collusion collision.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: In this chart here, which is currently the the chart adopted by the Norwegian patrolling Directorate, which should be this pink line here.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: We see that it's although very simple and clean chart and one can make all sorts of discussions and conclusions of great.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: It shows perfectly and clearly one of the pitfalls in a work in this area, because the chart neglect the eastern air.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: And by neglecting the eastern area and taken away the organic influence special once you reduce the scale of your study you're risking.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: misinterpreting like specially petroleum systems and patrolling place which may be dependent on what is happening here.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: But sometimes we actually don't have a choice because if you don't have data for instance from the Russian side.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: They don't have data from the Russian side, what can you do so, one options of solutions, for that would be applying an analog a large scale analog like the appalachian base, because then this would give you the big figure, the big picture, without much dependence on this side let's see.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: And once we look at the full chart of the Bering sea shelf, which represents this North and area line here this South central area in this South and most.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: line, so we have the North and section here the south central section here in the south or most section here.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: We can see that this tech two phases are identified across the whole shelf, but you may ask Oh well, but I don't see this orange and black tech two phases in here.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: This is because, as our you read in or origin was closing from South to North, as I mentioned before we have the main or a gigantic events happening from South to North.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: But eventually when they are localized innovators and, as I mentioned here, it affects the central area, the North and there's but not the South and most errors or at least not significantly.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: And therefore, this shows how the tech to face model in the appalachian days and used as an analog to the variances shelf.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: allows us us to predict and make make all kinds of interpretations of tectonic timing of strata graphic response and, consequently, the distribution of the tron systems petroleum place.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: That room system elements in all kinds of things so as conclusion, we could say that analogs between the appalachian area in the Baron seashells exists on a large scale.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: Visa graphic to structure in medium scale strata graphic levels both areas reflects tectonic responses to the closure of an ocean.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: Involving first subduction type erogenous followed by a final political event in both areas this photography reflects cyclic responses detected isn't as unconfirmed bound technically sucks so thank you very much and questions, if I can answer them.
Lorraine Wolf: Questions for speaker.
roberthawman: You had just one kind of question you had pointed out the similarities between the year olds in the appalachians and one other important similarity is that both.
roberthawman: The year olds and the Western most part of the appalachians the blue Ridge province anyway i've experienced very limited extension and that explains the persistence of that crystal route.
roberthawman: The route beneath the Euros is actually kind of interesting it's offset from the highest elevations, though, as opposed to the appalachians for the two are pretty much coincidence, but the similarities are pretty interesting.
Lorraine Wolf: The questions we still have a couple of minutes.
Arthur Merschat: I have a question acoustic so do the Euros also or not, the euros, but the Bering sea bass and does it also have the appalachians you were looking at our technical phases it's actually three different Roger Nice.
Arthur Merschat: We do the vibrancy do you also see need multiple Roger needs, or is it a neoproterozoic.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: Okay, the problem with the Baron say shelf, is that you have several origin is happening different areas of the shelf, like, for instance.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: You have the rail and in the East and the Caledonia let's say in the West, so when you're analyzing this several like origin is energetic events that happened there.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: One needs to be very careful in order to pick up the right one and understanding how the provenance of the resulting tectonic certificate will look and especially because you may have chronic influence as well.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: And this is actually one of the main challenges they are very important, because once they do size and analysis.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: Many of these nuances like these unconformity is and these things are below the size and resolution.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: And that's why by using the text of phases and go into the outcrop areas, it may be possible to identify this at outcrop level and then from there, we can transfer like to the size and in the end, we will be able to recognize this one or more events.
Gustavo De Aguiar Martins: In a more precise way.
Lorraine Wolf: And you any other quick questions for speaker.
Lorraine Wolf: Okay, I guess we'll move on to our last speaker rock.
Okay.
roberthawman: Our last talk for this part of this session is seismic faces for how geophysics helps shape submerged Paleo landscape studies, the Gulf of Mexico.
roberthawman: And this is being presented by urban garrison.
Lorraine Wolf: you're muted still.
egarriso: Okay.
Lorraine Wolf: Can you share your screen.
No.
egarriso: And I mean that sincerely, I cannot share my screen.
Lorraine Wolf: here.
Lorraine Wolf: You don't see a green share screen on the bottom of your.
egarriso: zoom no no it's me Lorraine something's happened to my computer.
egarriso: And i'm doing my best to see if I can get something working here hang on never fear will get this thing.
egarriso: I think i've mastered it okay everybody i'm sorry for the.
egarriso: delay.
egarriso: Alright, how we doing everybody see that.
egarriso: Good good all right, I apologize i'm urban garrison and university of Georgia, and I just wanted to preface this by saying we're going to leave the realm of seconds and go to the realm of milliseconds because.
egarriso: This is more shallow geophysics than it is deep to physics and I, let me say first that I am a do archaeologist who uses geophysics to scan for evidence of both humans and.
egarriso: GEO biology so and I work on the outer continental shelf so i'm more marine than I am anything else, and this presentation is more a critique of methodology than it is a.
egarriso: Promotion of any kind of technology, this is a review more than it is anything else but i'd like to give you some background, as to how the outer continental shelf has been studied over the last 40 years and what we have learned from our mistakes and our.
egarriso: Use of.
egarriso: geophysical techniques on the outer continental shelf so.
egarriso: let's see if I can get this thing rolling.
egarriso: Alright, so.
egarriso: i'm going to talk about seismic faces, which is a very well known concept in geology where we use seismic data, basically, in an effort to create a methodological analog between the geophysical and the geology.
egarriso: And this is sometimes called the geophysical sleight of hand, but when you don't have any geological data.
egarriso: to back it up you better stick with what you've got, which is that you have physical data and on the outer continental shelf, we have lot more do physical data than we have geological data.
egarriso: So this presentation i'm really going to look at the efficacy of the approach and just to review how it has shaped in the search and characterization of submerged prehistoric landscapes so and and any cultural or paleontological resources there upon.
egarriso: So.
egarriso: The sea floor in the Gulf of Mexico and on their other shells hides evidence of prehistoric land forms because why well sea level is a transient thing, and it has submerged what basically our coaster planes and these coastal planes have been submerged for been exposed for millennia.
egarriso: In the area where I study, mostly in the door divide.
egarriso: The so called down or continental shelf was exposed for almost 30 millennia from 38,000 years up to four 4000 years ago, so it was more dry land that it was see in the late pies to see, so the outer continental shelf with the Gulf of Mexico shares the same kind of history, so.
egarriso: archaeological and paleontological sites associated with these.
egarriso: Ground land forms generally do not have enough vertical dimension or acoustical contrast that they can be really differentiated from naturally occurring sediment biological sequences even with the best high resolution seismic profilers a just don't jump out at the data so.
egarriso: We then have approach the actual the problem using physical sampling of these land forms and attempts to characterize them.
egarriso: And I say has this been done, yes, it has been done twice in two major studies, one in the middle 1980s and then again another in the early 2000s, these are the only two, I would say, large scale big science kinds of studies on the continental shelf aimed at this particular objective so.
egarriso: Ah let's look at just one and I call this the CEI study it's the coastal environment Inc a large environmental firm.
egarriso: based in baton rouge and the principal investigator of the study which was of the drone Paleo Sabine river was a uga graduate by the name of Dr Charles Pearson and Charlie as he's known has shared a lot of this data with me and I want to give him a shout out before I go any further.
egarriso: Must the.
egarriso: The mat the two geophysical methods of choice for the saving study was a 3.5 kilo hertz bottom profile or, which is the instrument of choice on most of these continental shelf.
egarriso: Studies, they also use the nori model 140 pinger which gives you a little bit more depth and a little less resolution, if you look at this slide and you're basically looking at the pinger data, and you can see, on the right, it gives you a very detailed.
egarriso: sequence of sedimentary strata that border the saving river here, and then you leave up on to some buried terraces and that again he have another side channel which would a tributary which probably communicated with the saving somewhere down here, so you have and then.
egarriso: What you have, then, are the actual physical sampling of these straighter using viper course so i'm.
egarriso: In in this we're really trying to determine what the seismic facie really are.
egarriso: And the don't go into the.
egarriso: Secret sequence to trigger fee history there but there's a good there's a good strong geological history in translating what we see in these size maker pinger records into something that is geological and then the proof of the pudding is to sample lows.
egarriso: straight up and see exactly what they mean well this is how you symbolism you use fiber coring are you can use piston coring, but you have to have a long reach to get to some of these.
egarriso: straight up, and this is the ones that CEI used, and they were able to extract 10 meter plus course which were then.
egarriso: evaluated in a standard format, where you would then study the susceptibility you would then take pollen samples, you will take you would study the mineralogy of the deposits and make a.
egarriso: You know, a synthesis of this and say Okay, this is what the straighter look like.
egarriso: So.
egarriso: unconformity is form due to transgressions and regressions, we know that and it erodes land surfaces that may.
egarriso: be of interest to us in terms of pre history, so the conundrum is it's better to bury these surfaces and then to have them exposed on the sea floor where you have dynamic.
egarriso: Events going on all the time, but if you bury the things, then you have to rely on geophysics to detect them and then you have to sample them using settlement coring is one of the techniques so.
egarriso: shallow seismic profiling, followed by settlement coring has been the protocol of choice, it has been the ruling paradigm, if you will, since the 1980s.
egarriso: And I wanted to quote them manda Evans, who did the 2014 study and it's a long quote but bear with me.
egarriso: On the outer on the Gulf of Mexico northwestern outer continental show only two previous studies have been conducted for archaeological testing of submerged landscape and that would be CEI and then Evans herself.
egarriso: In these two studies have come combine number 106 sentiment cores, ranging from six to 12 meters in length.
egarriso: And sample on a 10 centimeter split basis the they represent a surface area of point eight square meters of the outer continental so you know.
egarriso: So if you translated that into the modern cultural resource management world where most evaluation of land forms and landscapes is done with simple shovel test.
egarriso: And you say, well, the average several test is covers so much point 07 square meters, if you take the hundred and six sediment course you've done about the equivalent of 12 shovel task now, this is going to get even more interesting because.
egarriso: When we think about ground routing seismic faces that's why model much of an area that's not much of a sample.
egarriso: And in today's world we have the our British colleagues and and in Europe, they are using the same seismic faces methodology to study a very.
egarriso: important area in the southern dorsey which is called dog or lamb, which again like our continental shelf was exposed for millennia, and on that on those landscapes were both animals and humans so.
egarriso: they're using dredging they're using bottom grounds but they're using sediment coring, just as we did.
egarriso: Now.
egarriso: what's The upshot of all.
egarriso: we've applied the tech the methodology.
egarriso: emmons and Keith are very negative about the results on our continental shelf, they said after four decades of regulatory compliance serving assessments.
egarriso: Know definity prehistoric archaeological sites have been no man being identified on the outer continent so i'm not totally in agreement with Evans and key I think the results of the CEI studied demonstrated that they could detect.
egarriso: What are anthropogenic deposits within these within at least two sites that they sample so Okay, so you get to archaeological sites out of 40 years of work.
egarriso: So.
egarriso: Our ground testing of seismic faces has then been very, very limited, and we have been we've had to maintain our continued reliance.
egarriso: On the conceptual using of seismic face each interpret congenital geophysical record and therefore guide our studies are hope for studies of Barry landscapes and potentially any prehistoric evidence of humans or animals on those landscapes So in conclusion.
egarriso: I just wanted to point out that use of this conceptual method has been has really shaped our studies of the submerged pre history of the otter continental show.
egarriso: And I do agree with one thing that amanda Evans and her colleague Keith said that the northwestern Gulf of Mexico ocs contains about 38,000,660 hundred thousand 700 acres.
egarriso: or a little over 15 million hectares that's a huge area and I pointed out that the physical sampling of this huge area amounts to about point eight square meters in area so.
egarriso: What we as archaeologist and paleontologist who studied the Marine.
egarriso: We are left with volumes of these seismic records thanks to what amanda has called thousand miles valuable later.
egarriso: And from those records, we have we have had to construct seismic bases as a heuristic to construct buried submerged landscapes we've had to that's all we've gone.
egarriso: to thank you.
egarriso: How are we doing on time.
roberthawman: we're doing really well any questions.
roberthawman: hey I got a question.
egarriso: sure.
roberthawman: So if you compare this to work on land.
roberthawman: In your experience in the southeast.
roberthawman: Would you characterize archaeological sites has been highly localized or pretty much a uniform across the landscape.
egarriso: Pretty localized I think one one thing I didn't highlight was.
egarriso: What are easy to see in seismic data are buried river valleys and strange and that's what the coastal environment study demonstrated they focused on these.
egarriso: river valleys and terraces knowing full well that you would find the highest probability of any kind of prehistoric occupation on those don't go looking in the.
egarriso: deal go don't go looking outside the valley so much as inside the valleys, or at least on the near the floodplain So yes, they're highly localized.
roberthawman: Right, but if you're if you conduct this kind of study on land what percentage of a given river valley would yield archaeological data or artifacts.
roberthawman: mean are you looking at a vanishingly small.
egarriso: Actually, not.
egarriso: My timer.
egarriso: Actually, not the prevalence of of archaeological materials up and down a river valley is pretty.
egarriso: Almost.
egarriso: I wouldn't say evenly distributed, but I would not, if I walked a kilometer along the accounting, for instance, and I couldn't find something i'd be surprised.
egarriso: They really were magnets for.
egarriso: Human and animals to gather courses water, and so I think what's happened over the thousands and thousands of years, you know sites weren't reoccupy but the the River valley itself was reoccupied.
roberthawman: But if you poke holes every kilometer What would the chances be of actually recovering anything.
egarriso: vanishingly small, because then you're going to have to say, look you're going to have to punch holes about every 10 meters or least every 30 meters to have any luck at all for instance Okay, let me give an example.
egarriso: Most prehistoric archaeological sites in the southeast are about 30 meters across that's that's early say eight 9000 years ago, and if you were sampling on a 30 meter interval.
egarriso: He might just miss those things, so you do have to close down your sampling interval.
egarriso: to at least 510 meters to have any shot at all of locating these things.
egarriso: Good question, though, thank you.
David's iPad (4): yeah this is Dave russ with usgs and if memory high if memory serves, and I might be a little fuzzy here it's been a while.
David's iPad (4): I believe some of our folks that have woods hole doing kind of a combination that the metric surveying high resolution multi beam and even seafloor photography that we have seen.
David's iPad (4): A few times archaeological features on the slope off the Atlantic seaboard as well as in Lake Michigan and I don't know the rest, I don't know the references anymore off the top, but I believe i've been told this by my Center director up there.
egarriso: i'm not totally familiar with what what holds up to, but I do know what's going on in the lakes and that would be john o'shea's work and lake huron and.
egarriso: john's got a really great area to work he doesn't have a lot of sediment and the the features that he is looking at our basically.
egarriso: prehistoric.
egarriso: shelters.
egarriso: or blinds that were used by caribou hunters and they also these caribou hunters would line up low rock walls for.
egarriso: to drive the caribou along obviously caribou don't know how to step over a low rockwall very well, but these have been demonstrated by that work and it's really been easy to want not easy, but he wants, you know what you're looking at you certainly can see them.
egarriso: I don't know what what's old is doing and I Maybe I should.
Lorraine Wolf: Other questions for the speaker.
egarriso: Thank you guys.
Lorraine Wolf: Okay um we have a 10 minute break session scheduled, but we i'd like first to open up the floor to any speaker or any.
Lorraine Wolf: attendee that would like to ask any of our speakers any further questions that you didn't get a chance to to ask, and if not, you can meet us back here at 305 So if you have to go get your cup your afternoon cup of coffee.
Lorraine Wolf: I guarantee you won't need it because the talks that are coming up are going to be so exciting but.
Lorraine Wolf: Anyway, you're welcome to ask further questions or.
Lorraine Wolf: Or take a break and we'll meet again at 305.
Steve Godfrey: Can you hear me.
Lorraine Wolf: Yes, we can hear you.
Steve Godfrey: I am curious in your work if you've looked at, not just tributaries but the confluence of tributaries which would seem to.
Steve Godfrey: Be more likely to prove a gathering spot for people, animals, etc.
Steve Godfrey: I don't know, again, I will be data reliant you know, can you even find an area to identify those things that have you focused on not just tributaries but confluence isn't tributaries at all.
egarriso: yeah so that's that's a good point the the confluence areas tend to have a higher concentration of.
egarriso: sites and and.
egarriso: I didn't I didn't point that out, but we tried to do that one of the problems we've had with our data and we've been running some bottom data on the Atlantic Shell is.
egarriso: We have so many conferences.
egarriso: Which is surprising you don't see that many on the Gulf shelf, as you do, on the least in Georgia, we have a.
egarriso: We have a whole very active tributary system mastering system that you can't seem to go anywhere can't run a line without running across several.
egarriso: channels and that I have found a couple of conferences.
So.
Steve Godfrey: I suppose another problem too, and you look at a modern analogy for things to get tossed along our rivers, sadly, in modern times or or durable things.
Steve Godfrey: plastics metals things that are going to go away right i'm not sure what exactly you look for you mentioned exotic shells etc of it must be terribly difficult, just as nice things a lesser or reducing environment or something or simply going to decompose all right.
egarriso: I didn't show any of our fines and i'm i'm sorry that I didn't that we only had 17 minutes but we've we've found we found quite a few fossil.
egarriso: And we found some work fossils which.
egarriso: Is is interesting than a basically a stone in bone world out there.
egarriso: And, of course, the first thing I learned, when I was in Grad school is that organics don't survive on the in the marine environment so.
egarriso: One of my students picked up a piece of wood and asked if she should bag it and I thought, no, no, no, you know bag that it's just it's recent we took it back and we gave just out of just out of fun, we gave it to her as people to to run through it and.
egarriso: I had to eat my words, the thing was 48,000 years old.
egarriso: And it was not a species that's indigenous to the area in the southeast now it's only found in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean.
Steve Godfrey: Honestly, it strikes me as amazing define anything just going on with five records on that lot of spacing it's truly be better miss, even if you have suspicions of a civilization.
egarriso: I agree wholeheartedly i'm not, I think the we were.
egarriso: fiber core is worthy.
egarriso: we're suggesting and we've used them.
egarriso: i'm not a big fan of them hi i'm trying to develop a new protocol that nsf thankfully has funded, but the pandemic has been slowed us down on applying we're using scour features on the continental show up to see if they can't do the digging for us.
roberthawman: Or, and I suggest we go ahead and take at least a five minute break.
Lorraine Wolf: If the car, could you put up the screensaver again, please, yes, well, we take a break.
Lorraine Wolf: Or is it still wrong but.
Iftekhar Alam: i'm going to do the four dot poster poster.
Lorraine Wolf: Okay, so it's still wrong you're ready to start them, I just want to remind everybody if you have a question to ask you can just put in the chat that you have a question and we'll make sure that we unmute you.
Lorraine Wolf: Otherwise let's go ahead and start.
roberthawman: Okay, our next presentation is entitled interpretation of Lehman some faults your somerville South Carolina USA using lidar data.
roberthawman: implications for the cause of the 1886 charleston South Carolina earthquake new authors are Ronald marple and James heard and rattle marple will be giving the presentation.
ronmarple: Okay, can everyone hear me.
Lorraine Wolf: We can hear you, you can share your screen.
ronmarple: Alright, so this topics basically.
ronmarple: Nothing another investigation of the 1886 charleston South Carolina earthquake which has been calls, which has been so elusive.
ronmarple: Just a brief background, it was the largest Eastern us earthquake historically magnitude estimates 6.9 7.3 Kurt on August 31 late at night killed over 100 deaths.
ronmarple: caused a lot of liquefaction especially 10 blows.
ronmarple: Many hypotheses of alluded to earlier, but still the causes known thought to have been at least two faults that ruptured the initial main shock was the largest for about eight minutes later by.
ronmarple: A less powerful shock talk to be from south of summer Western charleston.
ronmarple: Use location of the study study area and volunteers also saw schools and felt over a very large area.
ronmarple: Some background on the area somerville up here in the upper left charleston to be off the image diagram to the right the Gray up here the Gray area up here in the upper left is the area that's top of graphically elevated well known.
ronmarple: The instrument we recorded micro seismicity shown below the small black box.
ronmarple: Some of the interpretive map faults shown as these black lines, most notably the Woodstock fault part of these calls fault system somerville fault here perfect fault McConville fault.
ronmarple: And the charleston folk.
ronmarple: One other.
ronmarple: Item esteem domes several domes have been mapped in the area.
ronmarple: geologic setting in the coastal plain where it's underlined by very fixed sediments up to a calendar thick as you approach to coast, which is probably it's probably the biggest reason why.
ronmarple: The cause of the earthquake has been so elusive false.
ronmarple: gretel falls down in the Christian basement.
ronmarple: Thought to not talk too brittle a break, to the surface.
ronmarple: Okay, as far as a lot our data was uploaded from the south cloud and part of natural resources, resolutions okay about three meters.
ronmarple: And hero other crammers that we used illumination angle it we very the illumination angle, depending on what what the orientation of the future was that we're trying.
ronmarple: To studying.
ronmarple: Here is a lot our image over the summer hilarious to somerville.
ronmarple: The star here level w that's the Woodstock epicenter northwest of charleston, which is where the main shock 1986 thought to have.
ronmarple: originated, and then the star down in the lower left labeled ours, the Rentals epicenter from which the later smaller shock occurred about eight minutes after the main shock.
ronmarple: Few things I want to mention here in terms of GEO morphology well so lidar we're here we're looking at simply changes in elevation if you look at the bar scale here on the right, the areas up here in the Northwest white and red that these are the higher areas and total graphically.
ronmarple: See one thing that's very interesting right off the BAT is a feature here which.
ronmarple: it's a scarf, we know that there's a somerville shrine scarpa previously interpreted here.
ronmarple: But one interesting thing from just this one image this scarf appears to continue on further east than the.
ronmarple: Area of powertrain to the north, and so that was something I investigated further.
ronmarple: When skip to the next line here i'm showing co core system, a client from Shelton others 1983.
ronmarple: showing a fault structure.
ronmarple: Where this scar trend crosses the profile it the the profile says my profile does show.
ronmarple: gentle up to the north, displacement, which is consistent with this feature, so there may be a fault extending across.
ronmarple: This area.
ronmarple: Okay Moving on now next briefly take a look at describe something along the.
ronmarple: river so, be they actually river valley generally the valley walls are sinusitis but in the area of seismicity today.
ronmarple: it's been noted that the north wall is fairly linear this geologic map over here on the right from whims and lemon 1984.
ronmarple: can't see it because of.
ronmarple: injuries.
ronmarple: So this photo in the leftist from dutton at night.
ronmarple: And it's taught to have been taken in this area and long here.
ronmarple: Is a outcrop of Ashley is a legacy thing.
ronmarple: outcrop.
ronmarple: That is absent from the opposite side of the valley warm so let's talk that.
ronmarple: This linear segment of the wall of the valley wall is structurally controlled and that this formation may have been uplifted and exposed.
ronmarple: Okay next now i'm going to start talking about the deer park claimant which may be of the greatest significance can't really see the minimum at this scale.
ronmarple: But at this scale between the arrows label dp lb kirkland Lindemann you do, there is a very subtle lineaments across here that crosses.
ronmarple: The goose creek swamp in the blue house swamp shown down in the location now.
ronmarple: it's a very gentle depression now show without and i'll show that in the next line down in the lower left and location map couple of significant things well here's the.
ronmarple: Estimated epicenter location for the main shot as to that is the location where Congressional defamation along the South Carolina railroad reverse direction flipped.
ronmarple: Here and that's very near where this lemon crosses so one described in dutton.
ronmarple: 89.
ronmarple: that's where Earl sloan noted that the train in this area.
ronmarple: Was deformed forming what appeared to be like wave like undulations in the train thought to have them from the earthquake few days prior.
ronmarple: And here are those profiles derived from the lidar data profiles three through six here.
ronmarple: And you can tell, by looking at these vertical scale here.
ronmarple: The depression here is very gentle and you would never say this with anything but lidar, so there is a very gentle depression going along here.
ronmarple: Which is suggestive of increased erosion another thing to note is along the Atlantic work crosses the valley walls, you have increased erosion along the small streams.
ronmarple: Another suggestion of increased erosion, possibly due to a fault over here to the left, we do have a little stream a linear stream valley along the line in.
ronmarple: Here in the lower right is the intensity curve derived for this location as to showing the reversal of the Congressional direction from opposite sides of this point as to okay moving eastward along this this east, west trend where they might, and this is an east, west training lemon.
ronmarple: very unusual terrain feature in train like this the coastal plain it's very unusual for things fault related to last very long because of the erosion, but here we have a nearly rectangular depression.
ronmarple: Along the trend of the layman suggesting possibly increased erosion along this train along brown zone.
ronmarple: This map in the upper left is from whims illuminati three just further emphasizes the presence of this strange looking depression along the trend of the.
ronmarple: Leading up.
ronmarple: OK now i'm going to talk about the woods.
ronmarple: Middleton place layman or I call it now the fault, because one of the seismic lines that crosses it in this area, shows shows Bolton.
ronmarple: So here is an enlarged area recall arise.
ronmarple: Ashley river is over here to near the edge of the image, so you can see some very linear.
ronmarple: subtle depressions that cuts through a low lying hill lines up with a tributary of scrape segments on tributary of the ash river and the next slide.
ronmarple: Okay, these on the left here, these are photos taking approximately at this location showing a very.
ronmarple: shallow basically a linear puddles like not not even ankle deep I walked along it was so shallow even it looks deeper than it really is the photo below was taken later in August last year.
ronmarple: And the photo and the law right is looking along the lineage and or the linear depression and that really emphasizes how subtle this feature ISM, and so this time of year it's very difficult to see features like FIS.
ronmarple: All right, in here's a portion of usgs line se 10 acquired a long time ago by Hamilton is was from Hamilton and others at three.
ronmarple: acquired over this part of the limit here shows.
ronmarple: A fault longest part of the lineage.
ronmarple: Next i'm going to talk about one more lineaments which I think is related to the charleston fault.
ronmarple: it's a well known, the trust and faults actually well known fault, but for years the exact surface location was really not known, but I think now.
ronmarple: This is.
ronmarple: revealing worthy trusted fault probably outcrops based on the linear drainage here okay so here's a close close up of that between the arrows here in here ch il that stands for cancer he'll lineaments.
ronmarple: And it's actually two different drainage is with a drainage divide here's very, very intriguing that you have to.
ronmarple: drainage is pointing in the same direction training opposite directions, but as makes me curious, I suspect that this may have once been continuous drainage network there's a linear here, called the.
ronmarple: mount holly many men and right at that intersection is where this area high area occurs along this swamp show that in the next slide here here's the Mount mount holly linear men and the general trend of the.
ronmarple: cantor hill lineaments, and this is the areas shown by this highly exaggerated profile.
ronmarple: On this profile one other thing that's interesting is is convex up shape suggesting that this area has been gently uplifted perhaps due to movement on this fall here professional information there.
ronmarple: And this is the summary map showing those lidar lineaments showing read verses faults previously matt faults, such as the Woodstock farm shawn black.
ronmarple: So.
ronmarple: The interesting observation about this is most of these lineaments occur on East of the what i've interpreted in the past as a gentle band in the Woodstock fold.
ronmarple: And this as misty as well as located just what the highest concentration of seismicity is called concentrated here East of the band, and the Woodstock phone.
ronmarple: And one other thing the domes.
ronmarple: There is a correlation with between the domes and they interpreted false suggesting that there, there is broader defamation occurring along these some of these false.
ronmarple: So in conclusion.
ronmarple: found that latter is an extremely valuable new tool for interpreting very slow neo tectonic activity in eastern us, especially in the coastal plain, the main shock of the 1886 earthquake.
ronmarple: As like as likely occurred along some natural strengths with fault, represented by the deer park planning recent says misty and meaning of the smaller faults concentrated, as I said before, along in northeast of that bend in the east coast false to system locally, known as list of fault.
ronmarple: And there were other many of the other faults lineaments interpreted.
ronmarple: Any questions.
Lorraine Wolf: OK questions for speaker.
Lorraine Wolf: And the audience, thank you for your talk.
Lorraine Wolf: Okay there's a talk there's a.
Lorraine Wolf: there's a question from mark Carter any plans to trench a few of those lineaments.
ronmarple: Thanks to coven no.
ronmarple: But that would be a nice thing to do, across the Middle place.
Lorraine Wolf: I have a quick question for you on that those photographs you showed of the depression.
Lorraine Wolf: Where water filled and then, I guess, do you have any suggestion from that that there is there's activity there that there's an active fault it's you know.
ronmarple: So then, other than that.
ronmarple: Let me further described that feature, as I said it it from from the photo it looks like you, it looks like a ditch it looks.
ronmarple: impressive, but then, when you walk across it it's like this thing's only it was so you know that what time of the year it's so wet lot of rain only not even ankle deep, and so I literally walked along most of the length of that thing in my.
ronmarple: boots.
ronmarple: So, other than that it's linear few hundred meters and length surprisingly linear The other thing I tried to roll out.
ronmarple: Was the possibility that maybe the prior owner West fake or timber West tobacco timber company had maybe tried to drain that area, but it.
ronmarple: It was so shallow depression in the August, she could hardly identify so to me it's it seems like a very natural feature and then.
ronmarple: Along the boot heel lineaments years years ago when I was a master student fair, we saw something like that across a beam field during that same time in a year like January, February, where there was a very gentle depression with water standing in so probably represents.
ronmarple: erosion along on a fault plane be my best gas.
Lorraine Wolf: i'm sorry, did you hear anything I said.
Lorraine Wolf: I said, there are a couple of questions in the chat RON you can take a look and.
Lorraine Wolf: And yeah and maybe we can answer them in the break, but I think we need to move on to the next talk.
roberthawman: Okay, our next presentation is entitled using electrical resistance tomography and sentiment analysis to understand the influence of sediment properties and barman of deposition on the surface expression of earthquake induced liquefaction the authors are can grubin.
roberthawman: Rain Wolf.
roberthawman: or tisha total stephanie Rogers Stephen Matthews and can will be giving us the presentation.
Can Guven: Thank you for your kind introduction and like to share my screen in a second.
Can Guven: Is it clear to see my screen.
roberthawman: looks good.
Can Guven: Okay, great.
Can Guven: So thanks for the introduction again good and good morning everyone good afternoon everyone, and my name is john Goodman.
Can Guven: And today, I will be explaining my study about investigating the relationship of the carrier liquefaction deposits, to the to the mentor architecture at a site in the new matter of seismic zones.
Can Guven: And i'm joining here from our university department of Sciences, before I begin I begin my presentation, I would like to acknowledge the contributions of the study Dr Lorraine wall Dr marcia total Dr Stephen Rogers and Stefan methods.
Can Guven: My study aside is located in the new madness is mixed on within the real foot rift which is balanced by the Western margin and Eastern margin faults.
Can Guven: And the missing and imagine savings on has experienced at least three major earthquake earthquake events and the epicenter of the night at 11 1112 earthquakes are identified with the red the yellow stars on the map.
Can Guven: The financing in a marriage license or we need the past paleozoic sentiments of the misspelled payment and the thickness a condition of the of the sediments reach out to take a limiter takes and the major earthquake caused.
Can Guven: The formation of earthquake in this direction features almost on the entire region.
Can Guven: The earth goodness the factual features are shown with the red or pink area in the map as it's in the.
Can Guven: study of the earth in industry, professional features have provided estimates of reoccurrence of large earthquakes in the region.
Can Guven: But how the earth, how are the perfect in this liquefaction features farm that's great place great secret loading on sediments during an earthquake.
Can Guven: Water saturated pad constantly the sediments or rearrange dreaming leading up to pressure buildup increase feel pressure may result in our workflow of the settlements and leading to the formation of the infection features such as sense like census and sample.
Can Guven: So our city area which is shown with the red box and then in the map.
Can Guven: is located near the city of black via.
Can Guven: The studies are is located close to the periscope buyer, which is the distributor of the Mississippi river the site was chosen, because there are sent blows are at the surface, with integrate indication of.
Can Guven: Of the samples are prehistoric.
Can Guven: Then the samples on the satellite image in our investigated, it is not it that they show engineer.
Can Guven: They are associated a show with the arrows here, they should.
Can Guven: also be noted that the periods, not from the periods studies on the payments with by that the study area is composed of Filial said, the most of the famous quote by and this.
Can Guven: These Informations bring up the question that what are the factors in Philadelphia in environments that control the location of the liquefaction deposits.
Can Guven: We in the hypothesized that the surface expression of the samples at the site was controlled by these traditional for the rest of the month that associated with the periscope buyer.
Can Guven: And they inherited physical properties, such as a texture and permit with the next I will talk about the methods that will test this hypothesis.
Can Guven: First, research, the surface expression of the liquefaction features, the walk on the north, south ditch at a site that crosses the name.
Can Guven: Of the samples that exam I have the exposures after the actual pictures then be Doc small test pilots to optimize the location of the beach exposures to be locked.
Can Guven: So here is the location of the northern and southern ditch exposures teach exposures confirm that the presence of the samples identified on the satellite imagery.
Can Guven: also be set to 94 meter long electrical resistance with the profile perpendicular to the alignment of the samples to emulate relationship of the liquefaction features, the affiliate the positional units.
Can Guven: Finally, be collected so samples.
Can Guven: With an auger along the electrical receptivity demographic profile and determine their texture with hydro metal metal.
Can Guven: I would like to start the results and discussion section with the northern exposure.
Can Guven: The Northern beaches exposure composed of two sample of the positional units suggesting to expand this is the sandbox prescott's the beer domenicali silt the soil and setbacks, the powers to the south, suggesting.
Can Guven: The source of the source and.
Can Guven: Suddenly exposure is also composed of two sample of the positional units, the setback cross cuts the buried soils and deep tours to the south, so this time decoders does not digesting the location of the source set.
Can Guven: These logs this to the logs from these two locations develop that relationship of the liquefaction features, to the hospital what's the sample of embodied exposures very predominantly predominantly self the soil and the samples are limited by clouds on on top.
Can Guven: Also, predominantly self the soil work cross car by the setbacks on two exposures.
Can Guven: With this information, we suggest that.
Can Guven: samples formed by the same earthquake events.
Can Guven: But.
Can Guven: What had what was happening beneath the bridge soil and various a source and how our affiliates are the most oriented to be able to answer this questions, I would like to introduce electrical is typically tomography profile.
Can Guven: So, first I would like to explain the axis of the lexical is the profiles on the top of the top.
Can Guven: Top access shows the distance on the electrical is the proposed in meters, the last why access shows a depth of the profile and meters as well.
Can Guven: And the legend shows the relativity values violate the law rest values are represented, with the color colors the highest values are represented, with the warm or cold.
Can Guven: The resistive the survey indicates that the fine grain units.
Can Guven: presented with the low resistance values while evergreen size increases the risk of values are increasing.
Can Guven: Highness derivative values tours to the bottom of the of the profile I interpreted as a brady's team deposits of the Mississippi.
Can Guven: And just on the radius soon deposit to this to the south of the profile the highest area here as representing the point part deposits of the time Scott by.
Can Guven: In the middle section here middle to the lower risk the values are interpreted as the bonding channel fill the pauses of the periscope by.
Can Guven: And will.
Can Guven: tend to love racist the areas on top.
Can Guven: Are the lead deposits of depends, but by and large, is the area here is the background deposits of the back of the Mississippi river to confirm the interpretation of electrical resistance profile be collected so seminars with a with an hour of the one meter that.
Can Guven: So I will like to show the locations of dog or samples relative to the electrical receptivity proper the first location is from the 14 meter the second one is from the 54 meter and the less location is from 80 meter of the active profile, the first sample.
Can Guven: started samples from the first location our samples samples, and they are pretty send it with with sent sent extra the samples from the next location, which is the bondage and opal deposits.
Can Guven: Have silty clay clay texture samples from the final location which corresponds to levy deposits have similar silty clay clay texture but they have more subcontract.
Can Guven: The texture result of this location, the final location are similar with the sample from the presentation, but they have higher SIP content and also they have different elliptical is 30 yeah yes.
Can Guven: Also, detection results of this study are similar with the period sparked by God and others in 1999 that took place on periscope by.
Can Guven: According to the results they abandoned channel natural, so I think we are going to according to the ears of the barn Channel and the levy deposits have silty critical a texture and the levy deposits of the famous quote by various the point bar deposits here.
Can Guven: So the results of test today are important for myself, because they form the basis of interpretation of the sub sub routine it's.
Can Guven: suggested here in the elliptical existing tomography profile, as I go back to interpretation of electrical is typically tomography profile, the law of receptivity national levy deposits.
Can Guven: cause an increase in pour water pressure during some promotion and may have allowed the pressure build up so.
Can Guven: It may have build up of the field plateau pressure during the election process, the samples of the surface, are connected to the concave down areas of the point bar started ready stream and appoint bar deposits.
Can Guven: The look of actual features with our position along the margins of their bond and channel identified in the political reasons safety profile.
Can Guven: So to conclude the exposures electrical resistance at tomography.
Can Guven: And the auger soil samples provide a board context for the entire for relationship, also the protection feature singing the beach exposures.
Can Guven: To the sedimentary rock sedimentary architecture, the electrical rest of data and the strike and deep angles, of the sandbox from the last exposure confirm that the look affection features found along the margins of the abandoned channel just identified on this satellite imagery.
Can Guven: Fine grain deposits, possibly levy back swamp because acted as a guitar or confining layer contributing to the increase the pressure during cyclic shaking increase food pressure feel pressure resolving an upper floor of the liquified sent.
Can Guven: In class contact between the find grace and the course great pauses may have guided the flow of the escape influence to do is send influencing the placement of.
Can Guven: The sent directly dates and this formation of the samples, so the result of the study controversy understanding the factors that lineal environments that control the location of to look affection deposits.
Can Guven: And may have how predict the beach environments are most vulnerable to look at patching during an earthquake.
Can Guven: So here, this is with that and I conclude my my presentation.
Can Guven: Thank you for the time and i'm ready for their questions.
Lorraine Wolf: Okay, other questions for john on his research.
roberthawman: I got a question john I thought that was a really interesting presentation very interesting results, I do have a question about the reasons to be tomography analysis.
roberthawman: Have you tried any numerical modeling tests like checkerboard tests to evaluate the resolving power of your surface resisted it profiling.
Can Guven: yeah currently working on identifying I mean the identified the units and we try to identify the hydro, the conductivity of them and we try to create a create a model that will show us the.
Can Guven: The propagation of the hedge on cartoon conductivity so that we may ended up having the locations of where can be where can we where can we see the.
Can Guven: pressure can be built up, so this is what we are currently working on, we have not finalized anything for numerical modeling.
roberthawman: guess what I had in mind was.
roberthawman: A purely numerical model that it's consists of alternating high and low resisted the squares and then you would run a some fedak.
roberthawman: raises the profile over that and invert that synthetic data, and that gives you an idea of in principle, how much detail, you can resolve in the sub service, you could start with.
roberthawman: Big squares rectangles and then decrease those in size and see at what point they start to blur together and then that would give you an idea of three liability.
roberthawman: of different features in your model, especially as you go deeper probably the lateral resolution is is you know being degraded that also give you an idea of what the vertical resolution is, and that would give you added confidence in your in your results.
Can Guven: Thank you, thank you, Dr harmon unless for the suggestion.
Lorraine Wolf: Other questions for john.
Can Guven: So i'm reading a question from the chat and the question is, what is your evidence for Brady so.
Can Guven: We take a look at the periods studies conducted on the periscope bio and the most important.
Can Guven: The study was from the grid journey and the candles took place in 1997 and 1999 and they are, they have modeled.
Can Guven: Some parts of the of the periscope by you and they suggested that the periscope by your lies on the Mississippi river valley and then this and that part of the mystery, while a composite the bread soon deposits and also the brand is Cindy partners have.
Can Guven: So various teams have lower seniority and higher gradient so they have coarser grains than the point part of pauses and which are.
Can Guven: In our lives, because this is typically tomography show that very soon deposits have the highest risk devalues in the profile, so this is, those are the my my interpretation of the bricks in deposits.
Lorraine Wolf: You have a question about the.
Lorraine Wolf: date or after the earthquake event the radio metric date.
Can Guven: yeah we come back to it so sample from day.
Can Guven: notice.
Can Guven: The exposure and it was dated to 420 a minimum of age and also but it's the minimum is like it's just been it the the soil sample so I cannot give you the exact day, so we need more data to to to interpret the pH and also, if you look at the soul development signs of the of the.
Can Guven: samples, we are sitting at development of Australian ballet so according to the pure studies that the term for the development of the southern Malay.
Can Guven: Is around Hundred Years 2000 years, so I fear concerning the age, maybe this samples suggesting the 9900 pneumatic events, so this is my interpretation for the for the timing of events.
Lorraine Wolf: You have another question asking what type of electro Ray did you use for your tomography.
Can Guven: A V used dipole dipole or a configuration because dipole dipole a configuration is good for imaging.
Can Guven: imaging the lateral continuity of the of the features, we are seeing substance.
Lorraine Wolf: And what was your evidence for both sand blows occurring during the same event so big.
Can Guven: They cross Cup, by the same Barry channel Sorry, I am very safe the soil and they are limited by the same Plaza and I also I collect the soil samples from each location and they show the similar to nothing.
Can Guven: Soil development, so I also, if I take a look at.
Can Guven: The different the border between the same below their position units there's no sort of devil often so suggesting that they made a suggestion that they are longs to they belong to the same earthquake event.
Lorraine Wolf: I think I skipped one question from urban did you.
Lorraine Wolf: want to ask it I think we've got about one more minute.
egarriso: No, I was going to ask a follow on question about.
Okay.
egarriso: The.
egarriso: Full disclosure I got my PhD at the University of Missouri I know the new Madrid backwards and forwards, out of soccer fan.
egarriso: That there were so many earthquakes.
egarriso: In that.
egarriso: time period.
egarriso: I I would almost suggests that that whole portion of the valley was one big sandbox.
Can Guven: yeah we also collect their services or samples from different locations and what it was like he collected random samples and the sample surface or samples from just above the radisson closer and be expected to have.
Can Guven: More send content on from the samples on the sample but in one location it's just pretty close to the dispensary.
Can Guven: periscope by you, you got the so very collected sample they all they all have equal send them all, I guess, as we are getting closer to the any the valley or active channel.
Can Guven: Not certainly composed of the same, but if the stage, I guess, for me, it's hard to distinguish I mean you can get out the RT profile or or.
Can Guven: Any other indication it's so hard to distinguish the samples from affiliate deposits, I guess, I don't know make it more difficult, like evidence.
Lorraine Wolf: And I think we need to move to our next talk.
Lorraine Wolf: Make Thank you john.
roberthawman: Thank you for all the question OK, the next talk is application that really way of inversion for avoid detection using multi channel analysis, the surface, wave and version for a messy or msw by Lindsay Nicola and if the car alarm and Lindsay will give the talk.
Lindsey Riikola: Hello everyone.
Lindsey Riikola: Can everyone see this okay.
Lindsey Riikola: Okay, so my name is Lindsay Nicola and I am a senior at the University of Tennessee and knock.
Lorraine Wolf: you're freezing Lindsay.
Oh.
Lindsey Riikola: Okay, am I okay now.
Lorraine Wolf: You are no, I want to close any other applications.
Lorraine Wolf: That you have running.
Lorraine Wolf: You better start again.
Lindsey Riikola: i'm sorry about that.
Lindsey Riikola: Okay, can you still see my screen.
No.
Oh.
Lorraine Wolf: yeah your screen was Okay, it was just the are you were freezing.
Lorraine Wolf: Oh OK, now we can say it.
Lindsey Riikola: Okay, thank you.
Lindsey Riikola: So yes, my presentation is over the following, as I had just said i'm sorry about that air.
Lindsey Riikola: So the first objective is to understand the techniques and processes of shallow subsurface investigation for avoid detection using him as w and the second objective is to investigate the nature of the sheer way velocity changes across a void and unconsolidated settlements.
Lindsey Riikola: And I will be going over the location and geology the survey methods and data acquisition, as well as the results and a discussion.
Lindsey Riikola: So this study site is located at the main campus of Oklahoma State University in pain county Oklahoma.
Lindsey Riikola: This county generally has a flatline surface of coronary sediments over Pennsylvania and permian age rock.
Lindsey Riikola: In the surface geology of the surrounding areas have alternating beds of mud stone sandstone and carbonates as for the list of the top part of the study site it varies from unsaturated to partially saturated sandy clay, where the anomalies or pipes are located.
Lindsey Riikola: So this site has likely experienced some backfilling an excavation due to construction because of the location being in the Center of campus.
Lindsey Riikola: And the deeper geology remains unexplored in this study as the depth of the investigation only extends a few meters from the ground surface and several pipes were laid below the ground surface at different depths for various purposes such as water lines sewage lines and storm sewers.
Lindsey Riikola: So this seismic data was gathered along a 57 meter long to the profile, which was oriented north to south over a storm drainage pipe and a water pipe which are orthogonal to the orientation.
Lindsey Riikola: And this figure to the right, you can see that the White line is the 2d profile and the blue line is the storm drainage pipe.
Lindsey Riikola: And the yellow line is the water pipe and below the text here there's another figure which displays the Cross section, which shows the relative positions of the anomalies and also the storm drainage pipe is one meter in diameter all the water pipe is point eight meters in diameter.
Lindsey Riikola: This data was obtained and split spread geometry, and in all there were 48 geophones which were placed at one meter intervals and the shot interval is being at three meters.
Lindsey Riikola: And the source us in this experiment was a Betsy size gun with 12 gauge 400 grain shells, which creates both vertical and horizontal seismic waves.
Lindsey Riikola: The source was placed between these receivers and their receivers were single component 40 hertz vertical geophones and this data was recorded with a sampling interval a point two five milliseconds.
Lindsey Riikola: And all there were 960 traces that were recorded using both these vertical and horizontal geophones.
Lindsey Riikola: However, however, we are only presenting the data recorded with the vertical component geophones and, overall, the unprocessed field data is clean, with some relatively low random noise.
Lindsey Riikola: And the first arrival times from the vertical components generally increased with source receiver offsets and in this figure to the right, you can see that this is.
Lindsey Riikola: A figure of shot to which displays the axes of channel numbers and time in milliseconds and you can also see that this data is again fairly clean, with some relatively low random noise which will be good for the data processing steps.
Lindsey Riikola: The initial processing involved some general muting and editing of the data to remove these noisy traces along with a faulty G or phone, which will not be considered for the inversion.
Lindsey Riikola: Data Processing removes various unwanted noises and the data which is particularly not useful and in this study the specified region of interest is the ground roll.
Lindsey Riikola: trace killing frequency filtering and muting are all going to be applied to remove the random noise before the dispersion curve analysis.
Lindsey Riikola: And here we have shot to so again, as I said before, in the previous slide some frequency filtering trace killing and muting will be done.
Lindsey Riikola: Frequency filtering is the first process implemented in the data processing and this filtering is utilized to smooth and sharpen the data image by the removal of high frequency components.
Lindsey Riikola: And after frequency filtering we can move on to the trace killing and muting.
Lindsey Riikola: So trace killing is a very important step, and here we have the blue regions which are highlighting traces one through three and at this tree slip ation.
Lindsey Riikola: The source location is also here as well, so this can cause some random noise here so as you can see, on the Left figure there is some random noise which will be removed, as you can see, in shot to to the right here, and after.
Lindsey Riikola: The trace killing is implemented, we can see that the data is much cleaner and again the ground rule is are specified region of interest, which is highlighted in green.
Lindsey Riikola: Here shot a lot, as you can the traces highlight in orange now in the middle, where the source location is again.
Lindsey Riikola: And traces 24 through 29 are highlighted here and, again, you can see the random noise and the amplitude which we find insignificant.
Lindsey Riikola: And then, once they are removed through trace killing the data is much more clean and ready for some more data processing and furthering into the dispersion curve analysis.
Lindsey Riikola: And here's another example of shot which displays the traces 46 through 48 which will be removed through trace killing again and, as you can see belong or beyond 200 milliseconds.
Lindsey Riikola: there's a lot of random noise and bold lines that we find insignificant again and again to the right here we have the ground roll highlighted in green.
Lindsey Riikola: And here is the shot to raw data and then these figures I implemented some purple circled regions that show that there are some subtle changes and these changes are around the locations of the anomalies.
Lindsey Riikola: So these are some events to look more into and further observe.
Lindsey Riikola: And here's the shot 11 again showing the circled regions around the anomalies locations.
Lindsey Riikola: And here's the shot 18 data, which shows these subtle changes again also around the anomalies location.
Lindsey Riikola: So after data processing, we can move further into the dispersion curve analysis.
Lindsey Riikola: And firstly railey waves illustrate dispersion, which means that velocity is not constant but it varies with wavelength.
Lindsey Riikola: And also dispersion show wave energy arrival times, as well as the direction and magnitude of ground surface motions so overall dispersion curves represent the propagation of wave modes found in a specific geometry.
Lindsey Riikola: And for these dispersion curve models, we use GEO giga surface plus and the axes that we.
Lindsey Riikola: There are these features and the coloration that they have.
Lindsey Riikola: So the mode that is labeled in zero has a curved like shape, which we have to look for what to look for in each of these dispersion curves.
Lindsey Riikola: And it is the most prominent, as you can see there's also a significant amount of red in this feature which shows importance.
Lindsey Riikola: And the mode picked labeled with one is also a feature that should be observed, because of its clear bold presence, as well as some coloration and slight curve forming.
Lindsey Riikola: And here's the shot 11 dispersion curve, which shows some of the same things, there are two modes picked here and there is that prominent curve future again, which is labeled and zero.
Lindsey Riikola: And what makes this one different is the gap between the frequencies of 24 and 32 and we had to best track this curvature.
Lindsey Riikola: So we had to connected at this certain place and it will be further observed, as I said before, and there's also this second feature as well, which is labeled in one like the last dispersion curve that we viewed, and it is also forming this curve like feature.
Lindsey Riikola: here's the shot 18 curve, which only shows this prominent curve here, as well as that red coloration that we're looking for and each of these dispersion curves.
Lindsey Riikola: Now there is only one mode pick here so varying from shot to shot, there will be several modes picked and some or just one like this one, so this is the only feature that we found to be of significance.
Lindsey Riikola: After the dispersion curve analysis, we can move on to the inversion model analysis.
Lindsey Riikola: And inversions are the process of constructing a model that best fits the observed data by minimizing the difference between the observations and synthetic data produced from a model.
Lindsey Riikola: Moreover, these interpretations are based on what we already know, which is the subsurface structure and geology.
Lindsey Riikola: The inverted models consisted of 50 iterations that were done five times and the velocity resolution was two meters per second and the GA parameter is 512.
Lindsey Riikola: So, as you can see these models both show close relationships between the observed blue line and the modeled red line.
Lindsey Riikola: We are able to closely matched the observed and modeled lines in order to get a sufficient representation of the data, so the inverted model shown here is a reasonable model with low misfit ever.
Lindsey Riikola: here's the shot 13 and version and again these these models both showed the close relationships and alignment that we are looking for and that we hope to get in each of these inversion models, so this is again another stable model with low error.
Lindsey Riikola: Each shot contains a misfit air percentage once the inversion process is finished, a misfit percentage below five is most adequate because anything above five is not sufficient.
Lindsey Riikola: So if the rms air percentage is above five the dispersion PICs need to be picked more thorley to get a low misfit air, such as the shots in this figure.
Lindsey Riikola: So overall the Armas areas for each shot we're on the lower end, which means the dispersion PICs we're on target and the inversion models produced were reasonable stable models so with this third the results of the data should be interpreted.
Lindsey Riikola: And here is a 1d model, which shows the consistency of the inversion models, as well as gradient consistency so anything beyond this circular region, here we find insignificant.
Lindsey Riikola: And finally, we have the 2d model, the velocity model, and there are some structures, seeing here as especially a small void structure.
Lindsey Riikola: About 37 through 40 meters of a distance and two to four meters in depth and there's also.
Lindsey Riikola: A storm drainage pipe circle implemented in there and then to the left of it is the water pipe so around this storm drainage pipe a non anomaly, there is some sort of structure or void shown here.
Lindsey Riikola: And there's also a high velocity in this void, right here, as you can see the surrounding areas are low velocity, so there is something here, so the high velocity is seeing.
Lindsey Riikola: Because of the reflection of sheer waves, due to the void disturbances in the soil wall of the pipe or excavation.
Lindsey Riikola: with him as w inversion there is an anomaly observed in the subsurface between the depth of two to four meters that corresponds to the location of the storm drainage pipe as high velocity.
Lindsey Riikola: The ma s w cannot resolve the second anomaly, which is the smaller water pipe and this could be due to the data resolution as the diameter of the anomaly is much lower than the receiver spacing.
Lindsey Riikola: Although sheer way velocity could determine the storm drainage pipe a high velocity could represent the wall of the pipe or the disturbances in soil due to the excavation rather than the structure itself.
Lindsey Riikola: And currently I am working on another set of data at this same location, more specifically, the horizontal sheer wave acquisition.
Lindsey Riikola: And i'm i'm excited to see the results to compare to the p wave acquisition.
Lindsey Riikola: As for acknowledgments, I would like to thank you tk for the support and for the ongoing research opportunity during my undergrad.
Lindsey Riikola: I would also like to thank the earth and planetary sciences department and the undergrad research grant I would also like to thank the SEC GSA for having me here today and I would like to not acknowledge the software used, which was GEO giga seismic pro.
Lindsey Riikola: Are there any questions or comments.
Lorraine Wolf: Thank you Lindsay yes, there are there questions for Lindsay.
roberthawman: Lindsey i'd a question did you see any indication of variations and the direct P wave over either of these targets.
Lindsey Riikola: um that's a very good question to my knowledge, I do not think so.
Lindsey Riikola: But I.
Lindsey Riikola: look further into that.
roberthawman: We did a study down in Albany.
roberthawman: In a car stereo using surface waves, you know looking for sinkholes and so forth, and while we were doing that we noticed that.
roberthawman: Using the direct P way was another way to kind of validate what we were seeing, so the delays in the direct P wave kind of correspond to this some of our low velocities that we saw in the sheer waves so just another piece of data you're recording it anyway.
roberthawman: And he is pretty high frequency geophones I think he is 40 hertz geophones so you got pretty you probably have pretty spiky direct arrivals that might might be pretty worthwhile looking at.
Lindsey Riikola: Yes, I think i'm actually going to be studying more into that so once I finished with that data how let you know.
roberthawman: Sure okay sweet stuff.
Lindsey Riikola: Thank you, yes it is.
Lorraine Wolf: And then questions for Lindsay Monday did a good job.
Lindsey Riikola: Thank you.
Okay.
Lorraine Wolf: We have one more talk that should start in about 30 or 40 seconds.
Lindsey Riikola: Thank you again.
roberthawman: What the heck we'll just go ahead, so the next talk is entitled geophysical characterization of the Old City cemetery in murfreesboro Tennessee using ground penetrating radar authors are 50 car alarm bill doll and large cartel and Dr alarm will do our will present the material.
Iftekhar Alam: Thank you.
Iftekhar Alam: Thank you everyone, and thanks for joining.
Iftekhar Alam: So i'm gonna be talking about something I have never planned as a PhD student when I was working on active seismic after graduating from our and about nine and a half years ago.
Iftekhar Alam: But this is very interesting project started after coming to Tennessee in collaboration with the bill doll and Laura portal from Can you see my screen.
Okay.
Iftekhar Alam: Can you expand your screen.
Lorraine Wolf: to fall, or you just did it nevermind.
Iftekhar Alam: So this is about.
Iftekhar Alam: Also, the cemetery murfreesboro and categorizing some of their unmarked bias and the.
Iftekhar Alam: objective, let me just.
Iftekhar Alam: Oh yeah yeah so the objective of this work is to understand.
Iftekhar Alam: The applicability of geophysical sensors characterizing cemeteries.
Iftekhar Alam: As well as.
Iftekhar Alam: To look and understand the GPS signatures associated with the burial sites at the Old City cemetery in murfreesboro Tennessee.
Iftekhar Alam: Also to assist them rather for country archaeological society individualized industry side, so this was also part of the project for the for the county geological society and they're not innovation process of rebuilding process in finding those are multiple mark barriers okay.
Iftekhar Alam: Alright, so i'll be taking you through the site history and the techniques, we have applied detect position models and results and discussion.
Iftekhar Alam: So, to start with just going to give you some brief site history, why was it important for us to go there and actually work in this project and.
Iftekhar Alam: So the Old City cemetery is the oldest historic site in murfreesboro and, as you can see here in the speaker, this is the outline this black outline of the cemetery the buried archaeological site is the original first Presbyterian church.
Iftekhar Alam: Around 1820 and the city's first public cemetery opened in 1837, and this is here where the church outline is located.
Iftekhar Alam: Right in the white rectangle and we have interest cemetery around this area, and you can see, probably some of the headstones throat.
Iftekhar Alam: So the first Presbyterian Church was the location of significant social and political events and similar activities Okay, so it can consist, a lot of history.
Iftekhar Alam: So that's why they wanted to sort of just take care of this piece of history founding families soldiers, the enslaved and other are living residents of the city of buried buried here.
Iftekhar Alam: He said that the Church was the birthplace of the Democratic Party, it was used as a hospital and Union encampment during the civil war.
Iftekhar Alam: And Union soldiers destroyed the original building and desegregated the cemetery So you can see here in the figure image, so there are some people from Bradford archaeological society they've been working to sort of polishing the headstones and all those.
Iftekhar Alam: Science of burials.
Iftekhar Alam: The most significant event in the church's history happened in August in 22 there's just some history i'm trying to take you through.
Iftekhar Alam: When a special session of the Tennessee General Assembly was held there at the special session the state.
Iftekhar Alam: of house representative and state senate nominated Andrew Jackson for the US Presidency as jackson's most important endorsement for the Presidency this set.
Iftekhar Alam: The stage for old hickory to run the President in 1824 which he lost to john quincy Adams, however Jackson was eventually elected in 28 in 1828 you know and his followers to form the Democratic Party, so I have learned a lot of history to while working on this project.
Iftekhar Alam: which I was not familiar, so this is pretty exciting for me.
Iftekhar Alam: Now let's get back to.
Iftekhar Alam: why we are here so so we used actually three different techniques, one is obviously the GPS and we applied magnetic and em However, the GPS and some correlation of the magnetic and we're showing you here today, so used five different colors of four floors and flags navigating.
Iftekhar Alam: About Point five meters spacing out over the GPS transcripts or one meter apart, we did not use a point five meters spacing.
Iftekhar Alam: And it was a 4000 so 4000, as you can see here is a by static and in.
Iftekhar Alam: And 350 megahertz.
Iftekhar Alam: You know hyper stack and you know.
Iftekhar Alam: So we have.
Iftekhar Alam: kind of like ran through the entire.
Iftekhar Alam: cemetery However, we have some challenges in the survey so don't have stones in the middle of our transcripts fences power lines and trees, so when i'm going to show you the data in a little bit, you will realize, a lot of.
Iftekhar Alam: Like at the beginning there's a huge wavelength shift, so we had to just pull the card in lot of places to take it over to some of the headstones and there is an offset a shift between the ground and the.
Iftekhar Alam: body and so have some so that is kind of quite challenging and you know, make the data, a little.
Iftekhar Alam: Not very clean.
Iftekhar Alam: We did not have continuous GPS reception due to the trees and buildings, the ground, so we need plot into data and from the 3D we do not see a lot of the lines, although we had the scans but that poor GPS receptions towards the edges, we do not have a 3D.
Iftekhar Alam: Like plotted plots for those lines.
Iftekhar Alam: Also, clear limit gpo penetration how about our depth of interest is within a meter or two so that kind of worked out.
Iftekhar Alam: So you can see here, these are our line passes the transcripts and we do not see this lines here.
Iftekhar Alam: As you can see, is the Western side it's kind of em to cannot plot, the data we have the to the lines, but he could not plot it as a 30 hour, we have enough to work with most of the cemetery is covered.
Iftekhar Alam: So some of the parameters of the data acquisition here like the 34 scans per second like some games like five point game and five samples per second.
Iftekhar Alam: And it's a single channel top surfaces so probably we've covered about trying to acquire up to three meter however there's nothing below like probably one and a half to two meter cannot see much.
Iftekhar Alam: This is the 3D plot is the raw data, as it shows here, you can see a lot of spiky nature this blue represents the positive highest amplitude and this red.
Iftekhar Alam: Is the lowest temperature can, this is not, and this is our transits on the green so suspect Maybe it is because of the GPS dropouts, as you can see here, we cannot end and we're still working on solving some of the issues, so the work is ongoing and.
Iftekhar Alam: Every day, I will learn something new and we fix that and there's something that's coming.
Iftekhar Alam: We fix as as we're going.
Iftekhar Alam: Now i'm going to show you the lines cans okay exactly the raw data as it looks like it's about roughly 205 meters, so we have shown you a biography not south or line passes well so to get.
Iftekhar Alam: To 205 meters.
Iftekhar Alam: and towards the Western side those lines are actually decreasing, because the boundary is kind of diagonal on the Western side So these are.
Iftekhar Alam: rafi data, as you can see here, and this is processed data, which is after filtering so i'm showing you here to raw and corresponding process data.
Iftekhar Alam: and processes applied in this work, so far we marched obviously the geometry and times your adjustments i'll have to find a surface.
Iftekhar Alam: And then background removal some of the background noises and you know, like electric wires cables running around frequency filtering so I have not i'm not gonna.
Iftekhar Alam: i'm not sure will not share the migrated data yet okay we're still localizing or catalyzing the barriers so if I have to show you a closer view of the data, this is what it looks like in the raw data and basically.
Iftekhar Alam: When we looked at the data first we're like you have to go back and cannot really do anything with the data that's the first impression bill was like talking about.
Iftekhar Alam: can do much so.
Iftekhar Alam: like this is a how about this is like summer 2019 when we did that, so we slowly worked on this and try to make sense now I wanted to.
Iftekhar Alam: Look at this top this huge web link red blue red and also some of these rectangles so roughly one meter with now after the time G zero adjustments, you can also see the depth from zero to three meter.
Iftekhar Alam: So.
Iftekhar Alam: This is where we have taken out that huge web link and roughly we could locate some.
Iftekhar Alam: amplitude around half a meter depth, which is approximately less than 1.6 feet or so and we see some hyperbolic.
Iftekhar Alam: move out not very clear, as you can see here, but there is some sharp okay edgy hyperbolic feature so, because if you if you look at the frequency bands it's there's so many so much high frequency in the data.
Iftekhar Alam: So roughly, this is a.
Iftekhar Alam: We go.
Iftekhar Alam: Yes, 507 50 so.
Iftekhar Alam: I went ahead and tried a bunch of filtering so after the filter.
Iftekhar Alam: kind of looks like.
Iftekhar Alam: This.
Iftekhar Alam: So we took out all the higher bands.
Iftekhar Alam: Get the first band okay and applied some three points smoothing I have while filtering just to average out things a little bit so now.
Iftekhar Alam: If I compare see this event, right here, and some of this event.
Iftekhar Alam: Here, something and then there are some hyperbolic features.
Iftekhar Alam: Let me go back.
Iftekhar Alam: So this is the comparison, we can see, and this we see this to fit, just like this hyperbolic associated with mostly there's a low amplitude like the dropping empty tears, as you can see.
Iftekhar Alam: And we have measured this week about roughly one meter so I went ahead, and you know, Google searched what is the width of conventional coffin size, so this is about like roughly 30 inches on the batteries.
Iftekhar Alam: So that kind of falls.
Iftekhar Alam: somewhere else in the one meter range okay as.
Iftekhar Alam: You have noticed in our acquisition, we have then in this knots of direction so most of these barriers are east, west aligning east, west so chances are we would likely hit the.
Iftekhar Alam: y axis okay.
Iftekhar Alam: y axis of those of you know burials or coffins whatever are there, so there are features throughout similar features throughout all these lines can so I went ahead and kind of to the GPS locations of this hyperbolic events.
Iftekhar Alam: We took the lat long and protect those However, I want to take you through the surfaces before that, so this is the difference.
Iftekhar Alam: A transparent.
Iftekhar Alam: horizon at point five meter depth from Point five meter depth, this is 1.7 million that this one is one point about one meter depth than 1.25 meter depth now, as you can see.
as it could.
Iftekhar Alam: Probably.
Iftekhar Alam: low point seven five.
Iftekhar Alam: To one meter with a lot of high you know high amplitude.
Bill: noise.
Iftekhar Alam: But not sure about this, how can interpret but mostly the expected burials could be around as we expect around roughly half meter to one meter where you also see this or.
Iftekhar Alam: Top surface kind of shows up and under and mostly extends about roughly one to 1.25 meter hall of this barrier not drops low.
Iftekhar Alam: amplitude features, so this surfaces, we can see here, this is a huge stone.
Iftekhar Alam: talking with the with the from record from Laura we found out there may be a burial of like three 4% together so that could show up as a huge blue and some of this blues are associated with some of these headstones, however.
Iftekhar Alam: As you can see here also this side, there is no surface expression of anything.
Iftekhar Alam: Mostly, it was the southern side, where they're expecting those unmarked barriers, however, as I mentioned those hyper bowlers so I went to had.
Iftekhar Alam: Several like you know, several light scans and mark the lat longs of those hyper bolus and applauded those pins here so some of these hyper bowlers are close to these headstones like you can see here this one, this one here.
Iftekhar Alam: again.
Iftekhar Alam: Again, this one is close, so there again this this one, and this to that too, so we can see it distribution of both.
Iftekhar Alam: The spins falling hyper bullets falling around those headstones and some like this, where we don't have any surface expressions, we went ahead and plotted those surfaces, so this is the point five meter.
Iftekhar Alam: surface from point one five meter depth, so we can see, this is very.
Iftekhar Alam: Engaging this feature here and we could see this high amplitude here with we have this huge barrier and also this white some of these white also represents this high employee Dudes.
Iftekhar Alam: up again here, something close something close something close, you can see, this headstones here this close to these headstones so we're trying to characterize.
Iftekhar Alam: or trying to match these characteristics, where we see those hyper bowlers and some headstones on the surface, where we do not see anything Okay, but we can have those pins and some of this and produce anomalous behavior.
Iftekhar Alam: This is a 4.75 meters surface again, we can see, as we go point five, this amplitude so increasing Point seven five will represent approximately two and have it roughly two 2.2 fits or so so, which is a adept corresponding depth probably a barrier like in our top surface maybe.
Iftekhar Alam: So we see a lot of high amplitude here, and this is that zone where we do not have any a must have a know pretty much know headstones around this area again this area cannot have any 3D on this side because of the GPS reception so some discrepancies.
Iftekhar Alam: Now the plotted this magnetic, this is the magnetic the surface, so we see this if we compare like basically we picked some of those larger stones.
Iftekhar Alam: As a reference and we kind of guide our surfaces through there, so we also see this huge magnetic expression around this large feature this one here.
Iftekhar Alam: there's a little long linear amplitude here, this is probably characterized as a gravel road or something.
Iftekhar Alam: Those times, but now that we have this magnetic and we sort of have some from this GP raider.
Iftekhar Alam: So.
Iftekhar Alam: This one hi magnetic again could be correlated so in those days they had I don't coffins so this could be a representative of those some of those and metal President supplementals.
Iftekhar Alam: Now we created this profile, so this is a bill actually have to do this.
Iftekhar Alam: So we have created this profile and both of these lines.
Iftekhar Alam: represent us think especially in this.
Lorraine Wolf: If the car you're gonna have to get to your conclusions, please where you're at a time.
Iftekhar Alam: Is up with that.
Iftekhar Alam: So those are the just last two images with that.
Iftekhar Alam: We could conclude that from so far, what we have gained a gpo matters show some anomalies related to the unknown barriers within a depth range between Point five to one meter.
Iftekhar Alam: And, as well as the GPS data have some nice of unknown origin and artifacts due to lifting of the car to you know markers or Arab reflections above the ground services.
Iftekhar Alam: Or the stones gallstones and the project also demonstrates the utility of different systems for cemetery assessment in this geographic region so in going forward, I would like to migrate, the data and plot those.
Iftekhar Alam: plot those depression, as this depth surface to see where do they fall in our cemetery especially especially that i'd like to thank a lot of people here.
Iftekhar Alam: And tenant University of Tennessee other for candy archaeological society you take a body form they also helped organizing this.
Iftekhar Alam: Empty Su students Oliver Thompson and toast them and expression instrument for learning the equipment's Thank you for listening i'll take any questions comments or suggestions.
Iftekhar Alam: you're muted.
Lorraine Wolf: Always when I want to be muted.
Lorraine Wolf: Thank you, we can take questions to any of the speakers, or to if car, if you have questions about his presentation we have about a 10 minute break coming up so.
Lorraine Wolf: Take a few minutes for anybody has any pressing questions, otherwise we'll.
Lorraine Wolf: leave for a few minutes and come back for the exciting return the finale.
roberthawman: hey just a car, just a quick question.
roberthawman: And I don't know the answer to this are these burial shafts would you expect them to be all oriented in the same direction.
Iftekhar Alam: They are actually.
roberthawman: Is it north, south.
Iftekhar Alam: east, west.
Iftekhar Alam: Okay, good.
roberthawman: Your lines optimize the okay.
roberthawman: that's where you see the best chance of getting at the fraction curve.
roberthawman: Yes, if you migrate that stuff that a fraction theoretically would go away.
roberthawman: You could lose that marker for the grave chef.
Iftekhar Alam: yeah.
roberthawman: That seems to be the best way to image, that is to improve your lineup so that you can enhance your your parents and your two fractions.
Iftekhar Alam: yeah yeah that's why I did not actually.
Iftekhar Alam: Think of doing that I haven't done the migration, but it was not video like you say it.
Iftekhar Alam: kind of takes out the bonus.
Iftekhar Alam: So, but that was I was thinking of taking those a hyper bolus at the boundary and then draw horizons to see where in the depth the form.
roberthawman: yeah that'd be really interesting.
roberthawman: yeah.
Steve Godfrey: Can I ask what again, did you you think was the.
Steve Godfrey: cause of that large long linear magnetic anomaly through the Center of your side.
Iftekhar Alam: This is.
Iftekhar Alam: This probably a buried.
Iftekhar Alam: line of metal like electric pipes or something is not clear yet and I don't think they have any record clear record of those because.
Iftekhar Alam: Not many of those.
Iftekhar Alam: Even by burials actually.
Iftekhar Alam: Has those records kept suddenly like few years ago they took this project, because people have been actually stop stealing headstones.
Iftekhar Alam: And there was, vandalism and those gates were broken so suddenly they're trying to preserve those records whatever but.
Iftekhar Alam: I would suspect, and what talking to bill he mentioned could be buried electric.
Iftekhar Alam: pipes are.
Iftekhar Alam: You muted.
Lorraine Wolf: There are no other questions, I suggest we take a break and stretch your legs and we'll reconvene here for the East for a poster session at 435.
Sean Pinardi: i'm here yeah.
So.
Iftekhar Alam: Welcome, again, so this is our last segment, but the very exciting one we have, but the 90s of he posters and to start with the posters.
Iftekhar Alam: I would invite the Sean penn agree to talk about the title of the poster is I didn't define the origin of a prominent typography selenium and near the news Madrid seismic zones in the northern Mississippi environment.
Iftekhar Alam: From department of arts and sciences University of memphis and also the Co author ricky randall from university of memphis So if you could share the screen.
Lorraine Wolf: Just.
Hello everybody, my name is Sean penn RT and the title of my project is identifying the origin of a prominent topographic lineaments near the new manager and seismic zone in the northern Mississippi and payment.
For those of you that don't know the new Madrid seismic zone is the most seismically active region in the United States East of the rocky mountains.
And there are several topographic lineaments within the new Madrid seismic zones that correspond to a network of false associated with the real foot rift.
One such Lindemann extends 150 kilometers from eastern Arkansas through Western Tennessee and into southern Kentucky along the southeastern margin of the real foot rift.
Paleo psychological studies suggest the southern segment of the lineaments corresponds to a pair of steeply dipping strikes slip balls, as you all can see and figure one.
However, the northern segment of millennium is seismically quiescent and has been labeled a flu or happy terrorists by several geologists in the past in order to identify whether the origin of the lineaments northern segment is structurally related to the real foot rift.
Similar to its southern counterpart, the can cavity of the lineaments slope, as well as several known fault scarf and terrorists risers slopes.
Were quantified and then compared to one another in order to identify morphologic similarities and differences between each.
The procedure that I used to quantify the can cavity of escarpment slopes involved several different steps, first I attained high Resolution one meter lidar data from the usgs 3D elevation Program.
And five meter lidar data from the Louisiana state wildlife our project next I use dark map to create a total of 54 different elevation profiles perpendicular to the quincy normal fault scarf and Louisiana.
Real for thrust fault scarf and several hashi terrorists risers wherever there weren't any topographic features such as drainage channels that can interfere with the natural cavity of each slope.
All of the escarpment included in my analysis were primarily selected based on their age with ology and proximity to the lineage and.
In order to minimize the regional differences that could influence their shape each and every one of the elevation profiles that were drawn along each scars are shown in figure two.
After creating elevation profiles along each scarf I use SAS to generate six Florida polynomial curves for each profile in order to smooth out surface irregularities and.
Create accurate curve equations for each profile on.
Once I had an accurate curve equation for each profile line I used wolfram cloud to calculate several first derivatives indicative of slow.
And second derivatives indicative of can cavity I used first derivatives in order to identify where the crest and toe of each scarf elevation profile reached the slope of less than 1%.
That information was then used to help calculate 10 equally space second derivatives along each profile on.
After that I averaged all the second derivatives for each profile and eventually all of the profiles along scarf so that I can perform several T tests using SAS in order to.
Compare similarities between the means, the final results in my cavity analysis or interesting for a few different reasons first my test results suggest the cavity of the de quincey fault and real foot thrusters statistically similar to each other.
But not that have she terrorists at a standard 0.05 significance level second my results suggest the cavity of the lineaments scarf is not similar to the hagee terrorists, but that it is similar to both fault scarves that is 0.05 significance level.
My results also indicate the cavity of the lineaments scarpa slightly more similar to the real foot thrust forward scarf than the quincy normal fault scar.
However, that could simply be due to where I drew my profile lines because high coefficient of variation suggest the cavity of each scarf fluctuates considerably from end to end.
While drawing elevation profiles along the limit and three other linear topographic features trending in the northeast Southwest direction were discovered.
My results indicate all three lineaments have a script that is more similar to a fault scarf than a flavio terrorists riser.
However, only three linear only lineaments three has a scarf that is similar to both fault scarves and not that big terrorists at is 0.05 significance level.
All of the elevation profiles for each of the three extra lineaments can be seen in Figure three all the cavity and dispersion results for each and every scarf that was analyzed.
can be seen in table one and all of my test results for each of the four different lineaments can be seen in table to.
In the end, my results suggest three important things first my results suggest that flu bl terrorists risers are significantly more concave than fault scarves on average.
Because water is more effective agent of erosion than wind second my results suggest the main cavity of the lineage and scarf is significantly more similar to that of a false carp than a previous terrorists riser.
indicating millennium, it is indeed a false carp and third my results suggest the linear man is most likely an Echelon splay in the southeastern are real foot ref margin strikes at fault system.
Because through other closely space north east, south west trending lineaments were discovered during my analysis.
Two of them have a cavity slightly more similar to that every false carp than a flavio terrorists riser and one of them has a cavity significantly more similar to that of a fault scarf, then I flew to terrorists riser Thank you all for your time.
Iftekhar Alam: Oh good question for Sean Thank you Sean.
Sean Pinardi: Thank you.
Iftekhar Alam: Anybody.
Iftekhar Alam: We have a question in the chat, what do you think the next step should be.
Sean Pinardi: um well actually I just finished running an er T survey along the scarf or along the lineaments skirt and the results do show it looks like good evidence of faulting right where we expected.
Sean Pinardi: um i've also performed a hype symmetric analysis that I have the o'brien river basin that I have not included or that I didn't talk about on my poster but I, it also it's it's confirming all of my other results and um.
Sean Pinardi: But ideally for the cavity analysis, you know it'd be great just to analyze more scarves.
Sean Pinardi: More terraces to collect more data to to obtain more definitive results.
Iftekhar Alam: Thank you Sean So the question was from Shannon browning just so you know so.
Iftekhar Alam: we'll move to the next, we have about a minute.
Iftekhar Alam: So if anybody has any quick question.
Iftekhar Alam: They can ask do you apply any.
Iftekhar Alam: particular situation for your services.
Sean Pinardi: I know I didn't know.
David's iPad (4): yeah this is.
David's iPad (4): This is Dave rustam usgs and might be nice if you could turn another couple surveys across the scarves for the lineaments just to see what they look like it depth whether it's a ground penetrating radar.
David's iPad (4): or something like a mini associate high resolution reflection, just to CPC box set a little bit of depth.
Sean Pinardi: yeah i'd like to unfortunately the University of memphis didn't have access to gdpr.
Sean Pinardi: But they did recently by a superstar eight, which is how I was able to run an er T survey along the scar i'm.
Sean Pinardi: me I, it would be good, I only.
Iftekhar Alam: All right, Sean I think we can discuss later, so we have to invite for the next poster presentation, which is a title that entitled.
Iftekhar Alam: compelling grumpy integrator and electrical resistance at imaging methods to examine San blows sandler deposits in the new Madrid seismic zone will be presented by Stephen Matthews from auburn university and this poster is co authored by can go urban sorry i'm.
Iftekhar Alam: stephanie stephanie Rogers.
Iftekhar Alam: And Lorraine Lorraine on the.
Iftekhar Alam: map.
Iftekhar Alam: Marty couple i'm sorry family.
Iftekhar Alam: Okay yeah.
Lorraine Wolf: that's okay Sean did you want to finish your statement it looked like we got to cut you off in the middle of your sentence.
Sean Pinardi: Oh no that's okay it wasn't too important.
Lorraine Wolf: Okay, well, hopefully we can catch that in in the next talk i'm sorry you got cut off.
yours.
Good afternoon, my name is Stephen Matthews and i'll be presenting on.
Comparing ground penetrating radar and electrical resistance imaging methods to examine San blow deposits in the new Madrid seismic zone.
To begin, we will of course be using both of these geophysical survey techniques both ground penetrating radar gdpr and electrical resistance at tomography or er T.
and focusing on examining liquefaction features in the new Madrid seismic zones and area which has had at least three major ground shaking sequences that have induced liquefaction throughout the area.
The most prominent of those liquefaction features being sand blows and they're related San tykes For that reason, our study area is along the Axial fault at a site that has been entrenched previously to confirm the presence of at least one send whoa.
For methods were using a 400 megahertz by static gdpr which is capable of producing interpretive imagery have up to four meters and depth.
Our total north to south survey length of was about 360 meters and for the er T we use a two meter constant spread dipole dipole Ray.
This is going to give us a decent resolution even in the shallow subsurface and is unaffected by horizontal continuity and reflectors like the gdpr would be rather the er T.
is going to produce resistive at values which are related to porosity and permeability.
So soil samples were also taken at the site with an auger to give us a better idea of what the actual soils in the subsurface we're going to look like and to give them more accurate dielectric constant for the gdpr.
From here let's take a look at figure for our process gdpr imagery shows a characteristic pattern thats related to these sand blows.
A strong reflector representing the contact between the base of the sand below and the underlying silty or clay soils, as well as a deepening of that contact as it thickens.
toward what we interpret to be the central event or duck now the event or dyck is interpreted as being the area where those.
reflectors become discontinuous it's a stretch of disrupted reflections that is likely, due to a.
Vertical area of sediment heterogeneity so we're not seeing any reflectors but then that because all of the sentiments are similar.
In figure five, we can see that the er T data is represented by two dimensional surface of resist devotees were higher resistance is related to a coarser settlement deposit.
such as the standard blow and a low resistance, it is going to be related to a clay or a silt like an abandoned channel deposit or a back squat deposit.
figure five a the gdpr line scan, we can see a more complex series of these reflectors horizontally, but with the context that were offered with the er T, we can still interpret those reflectors.
We interpret those as not being discontinuous but rather having soil clasts.
which create the actual horizontal boundary this is likely, why we're seeing a lower resistance value between those actual sand blows in the er T image.
In conclusion, each method makes up for the largest drawback of the other while gdpr produces a higher resolution low depth of penetration.
The our team produces a low resolution high depth penetration, which provides context for those reflectors in the gdpr.
Also source sands and dykes can be much deeper than the effective and iteration of the gdpr which can help to interpret the shape of the deposit or dike and the constricting surrounding sediments that have affected how the sand blow has actually penetrated the surface.
Lorraine Wolf: Thank you so much for your time, you know be simple questions.
Lorraine Wolf: Great Thank you Stephen um i'll open the floor to questions to step.
Steffen Matthews: I, I see a question in the chat already.
Steffen Matthews: There was, have you done any trenching I personally have not done any trenching but at that same site previously trenching has been done at the.
Steffen Matthews: At the ditch there was an exposure that they took a look at.
Steffen Matthews: And that was used to compare the electrical resistance at the results.
Iftekhar Alam: I have a quick question so neurologists activity and GPS profile, one of the units that says AC.
Iftekhar Alam: The depths of different ways that like one is showing 1.5 to one the other one is five meters.
Steffen Matthews: Is a comparison between the gdpr and the er T.
Steffen Matthews: benefits from being able to see the image better there's a red star that denotes the same position in both images, because the electrical resistive it has a penetration that's more than double that of the gdpr so.
Steffen Matthews: The vertical axes are not equivalent, but the horizontal axes are are lined up the same However, the er T and the gdpr weren't taken.
Steffen Matthews: With they start and end point in the same place so i'm just representing where along that line they are with the X axis.
roberthawman: Stephen did you bury.
roberthawman: The electrode spacing at all to get a range of depths.
Steffen Matthews: No, we only did a two meter constant spread.
Iftekhar Alam: There is another question in the chat from mark Carter have you thought about developing a 3D model using both datasets.
Steffen Matthews: So i've looked into some literature about the 3D modeling of the sand blows, particularly in the new magid seismic zone and it's been done previously by one hour shoukri at all, alongside.
Steffen Matthews: Martin shuttle and.
Steffen Matthews: The results.
Steffen Matthews: Basically, show that the 3D model would be effective and looking at a large area, but for.
Steffen Matthews: We can't get a lot of.
Steffen Matthews: For what we're looking for with our results.
Steffen Matthews: just doing these profiles is is sufficient.
Lorraine Wolf: should do is it time to move on to the next.
Iftekhar Alam: yeah yeah so so we're gonna move to the next poster entitled coordinate faulting and the formation along the south eastern merging of the.
Iftekhar Alam: Real foot rift at Fort pillow rage model and Tipton counties Western Tennessee and it will be presented by Dan Larson art art sciences University of memphis and co authored by.
Iftekhar Alam: Again, a TEE randall hawks.
Iftekhar Alam: Christopher.
Iftekhar Alam: vandal vandalism and.
Iftekhar Alam: We have Christopher model all right, so I think.
Lorraine Wolf: yeah um, I just wanted to ask is Dan here.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: It is here, I I don't see my.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: presentation in front of me.
Lorraine Wolf: No, no, you won't because I haven't i'm just about ready to share the screen, but there is no video that accompanies that, so we have.
Lorraine Wolf: To um yeah I will I checked with GSA and they said that they didn't receive one I thought, maybe they had lost it so um I have two options for you, one is I can show the just the poster.
Lorraine Wolf: it's very it's very small.
Lorraine Wolf: But I would recommend that if you have a PDF of the poster that you share your screen and then you can zoom or point to at least the salient features that you want people to know so you could do that for your five minutes.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: Okay, that sounds fine i'll bring that up.
Lorraine Wolf: easier.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: I recorded a.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: Video and I don't know why it didn't take, but I can go ahead and.
Lorraine Wolf: yeah just share your screen now, I think that will be most effective for you and we'll just do the five minutes, and then you can have five minutes for questions.
Okay.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: Let me get to this.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: Share screen.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: Okay, everybody see it.
Lorraine Wolf: yeah.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: Okay cool that's great yeah so um, this is a project that we did in in sort of a third in a series of ED map projects of mapping the southeastern margin and.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: sort of the the bloodline north of memphis to go ahead and.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: Focusing on way.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: One of the bloodline of the Mississippi river here and basically the eastern real foot rift margin, and this is looking at the the surface geology looking for evidence for.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: Active.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: defamation any faults and things like that of course there's been plenty of subsurface work done in this area, but this is focusing on producing geologic maps is as at map is, and so our intent was to look at the fort pillow range rather unusual range in the area to.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: see if there is a evidence for.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: Recent active tectonic past, and so we did it mainly in surface exposures looking in you know everything we could see in the Greeks and along the cliffs, but we also used borehole data, and we see sort of key strategy graphic markers here being the eocene Cockfield formation.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: In the you seen cook mountain and the memphis sandy has seen memphis and overlain by grapples and loss and depending on if you're in the uplands or the valleys, you see different things and.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: Usually it's a fairly predictable.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: So trigger fee but However, in this area, we did not see that's free that is predictable and it took us a while to figure it out, but the ridges have a.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: Essentially, a.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: truncated upper part here, where the only the Roxana losses and over an overlying peoria preserved on pliocene grapples whereas an indirect areas we tend to get these relatively thick loveland plus and roxanna and then.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: peoria and there are grapples inside the loveland and then in Paleo valleys which there are a couple of these and on this map here of the Omar.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: geologic map.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: You can see where there are remote areas.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: And enraged areas and Paleo valleys and the Paleo valleys are basically filled in with.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: loveland roxanne and fury but now, with with grapples in some places with apostles and things like that they can be dated so there's some examples of each of these present and what this is.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: telling us is is that these red areas were actually active uplifting and sometime in the ternary and they shut off grapples into the adjacent loveland loss.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: and
dlarsen@memphis.edu: So here is a rich area and Jason intermarriage rich area.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: so forth, there are limited exposures, and there are some limited limitations on land access, so we really focused a lot of our attention on the.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: Poor pillow state park.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: We also did find some quarter revolting and here's an example from a location where we see love and lust up against fault up against placing gravel and there are stringers of.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: Of gravel going off into the last so basically supporting this this concept of the migration upward the right time and then shutting off into the loveland.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: nother thing we observed, is that there are a series of terraces that are observed on that are present on the Ridge and i'ma zoom in a little bit on this just to show two places one is in the gold dust quadrangle or which I show the main geologic map another one is a neighbor and dina.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: quadrangle and the terraces which include the.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: patchy.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: finley and humbled.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: In the gold dust and then the patchy and the finley over in the know dina quad.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: There tilted to the southeast and interesting thing here is in long for pillow rich the.
The.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: terraces go across the rich, so these data, lead to a.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: concept here of a an evolving to morphic system.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: Looking at the Mississippi river here, this is Western Tennessee.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: This is the hatchery river the modern hetchy rubber which basically goes along the Ridge, to the south and then further to the south, it actually comes from the southeast here and it makes a big term.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: And the balls that are shown in here are related to our mapping in the gold dust squad neighboring no dina drummond's and some extent, down to the lock quad just the further south west.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: These the be so this is basically the situation.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: Presently, in these these showing the blocks, we moved to two panel be here.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: In the middle pleistocene.
egarriso: than your you're up.
egarriso: Times up.
Lorraine Wolf: You want to just summarize your conclusion really quick and and then we'll go on to the next speaker.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: My conclusions or that for pillow rich was active in the late.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: place to seen as an uplifting rich and it modified the course of the hatchery river in Indian creek such that they were forced to the southeast or Southwest and.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: Ultimately, the hatchery river now is bent down and now discharging into the Mississippi river over here, whereas previously was discharging in that direction to the Northwest.
dlarsen@memphis.edu: And maybe currently active today there's still some features in the floodplain to the Mississippi that indicate that the active migration of meanders has impacted.
Lorraine Wolf: Thank you for that interesting talk.
Lorraine Wolf: i'm sorry that GSA appears to not have your video.
Lorraine Wolf: convenient, but maybe they can load it up after the fact, so that people who have registered for the meeting will be able to see it and hear it as well, so I suggest that maybe you could contact them to find out what the issue was and see if they can upload it.
Okay.
Iftekhar Alam: So we have our next poster.
Iftekhar Alam: Title high resolution chip seismic reflection profiling objects and lake granted national teton National Park wyoming and it'll be presented by Hillary Johnson and quarter, Sir, Michael make glue Ryan.
Iftekhar Alam: See big Ben jewelry Kevin younger than summer brown from art and environmental sciences University of Kentucky.
Lorraine Wolf: Okay, I just want to give the speaker a warning that your video is 12 minutes and you're allowed five so you'll hear somebody interrupt you, at about five minutes and then maybe you can conclude up with your information.
Hillary Johnson: yeah if you could just pause it up five minutes and all.
Lorraine Wolf: The questions i'll do that Thank you.
Iftekhar Alam: hello, my name is Hillary Johnson, and today we'll be talking about the high resolution chirp seismic reflection profiling of Jackson link located in grand teton National Park wyoming.
Iftekhar Alam: So this study utilizes a recently acquired high resolution chirp seismic a reflection data set to analyze the late pleistocene and Holocene strategic rfi of Jackson lake.
Iftekhar Alam: The Western shoreline objects and lake is actually adjacent to the teton fault, the teton fault is it down to the East Berlin wall that produces this particularly high topography of grand teton National Park.
This teton fall is actually considered a major seismic hazard and the US intermountain West.
But the absence of historical slip events limits our understanding of earthquake recurrence in this region, as well as our capacity for hazard planning and mitigation.
Here we're actually using the sedimentary phil Jackson late as a natural seismograph this is following the methodology of some other peer reviewed studies, a post glacial lake strata and Alaska Europe and South America.
As one of the first base and scale chirp surveys of this lake.
We have developed a new botha metric and base and fill thickness maps.
To illustrate the distribution of available accommodation sedimentary epicenters and the clustering GEO morphology.
Major potential seismic units for mapped and identified using unconformity ease and correlative confirm monies and bases within units were used to interpret them positional processes.
So i'm evidence of potential earthquake activity, for example, mass transport complexes.
They were mapped to using acoustic bases characteristics and they were put into a relative chronology which created this seismic strata graphic framework.
And short core was used.
And dated with led to 10 cesium 137 and carbon 14 and it serves as sedimentary ground truth for the shallowest reflectors.
It provides insight into the segmentation rates of the deep water as well this research will help guide future long coring in the base them and will be needed to establish the chronology of all interpreted late for ternary earthquake related deposits.
So here we have our first figure, it has four different images here they're all landsat and they're 14 years apart.
that's the time step.
And as you can see a is a near a modern lake level here that's in 2016.
Be is Sep tember.
This is actually showing a statewide row that happened from 2002 2009, as you can see the delta has moved to the south east.
And next we have see which is 1988 is a remarkable year because it is a third driest calendar year on record for wyoming So you can see, this sub aerial exposure of the snake river plane and the creation of land bridges to moose and cow islands.
And then next we have a 1974.
image of Jackson lake and it is similar to modern day, so this shows that the delta is more than four kilometers north of wilcox point.
So that just shows that the water level is influenced by climate a lot, like the lake level.
Hillary Johnson: yeah I don't know why it showed the wrong picture.
Lorraine Wolf: I don't know Okay, do you, what do you what would you like to show your poster from your own screen share.
Hillary Johnson: I think you can click on a button and it shows you the whole poster.
Lorraine Wolf: And I.
Lorraine Wolf: might be able to do that, I think it's might be nope tonight let's see might be no that's.
Hillary Johnson: I think there's like a button, here we have our first figure.
Lorraine Wolf: This one.
Lorraine Wolf: Yes.
Hillary Johnson: And then you minimize that.
Okay.
Lorraine Wolf: All right, we'll start again.
Hillary Johnson: It has four different images here they're all lands I know and there.
Lorraine Wolf: yeah every time I every time I play it it it just goes to your last slide.
Hillary Johnson: Okay that's fine.
Lorraine Wolf: We.
Lorraine Wolf: vote if you.
Lorraine Wolf: Talk about here, we can hear you so I could just move the figures myself.
Hillary Johnson: yeah if.
Lorraine Wolf: What would that be okay, which figured you want.
Hillary Johnson: yeah I think like the middle ones, are the most.
Lorraine Wolf: figure two.
Hillary Johnson: I think that's figure, two and three.
Lorraine Wolf: So this one.
Hillary Johnson: Yes, okay what actually shows, like the size makes retainer fee of like a hero line of what it would look like.
Hillary Johnson: So it has like the mega turbo guides and the mass transport complexes which are.
Hillary Johnson: seismically triggered, so this is on some of the evidence for Paleo earthquakes that we've seen in the lake and then we have some of these drapes and then you see like a hole in a possible gas chimney so like this is really high quality.
Hillary Johnson: chirp seismic data so um.
Hillary Johnson: yeah any questions, I can answer right off the BAT.
Lorraine Wolf: Did you want to show any of your other figure.
Hillary Johnson: yeah can you go to.
Number three sure.
Hillary Johnson: These are Paleo deltas and, as you can see, they kind of step and that's because of the changing water level up the lake so like the base level of the lake is changing through time, and this is due to like the climate influence and possibly due to the fault, because.
Hillary Johnson: It is the lake basin is on the teton fault, the teton fault moving would cause the actual floor of the.
Hillary Johnson: lake level to change and cause the deltas to move locations, so you can see it in all locations throughout the lake So these are four different locations throughout the lake and the deltas still move in every single location so.
Lorraine Wolf: And would you like me to go to yours sedimentary.
Hillary Johnson: Ground truth yeah that that's a nice picture.
Hillary Johnson: yeah so This just shows the sentiment core compared to our bacon age model, so we have a basie and age model right over there, to the right and over here, you see our methodology for the core and there's actually a yellow line.
Hillary Johnson: it's not the yellow wiggle, one that is.
Hillary Johnson: That is the radio X radio graph and then the yellow line right there is the turbo night and there's like a little peek yeah right.
Hillary Johnson: And that turban is the same one that occurs on the age model, and we did that, so that the sedimentation rate would be more accurate, so we took out that instantaneous deposit and so yeah.
Lorraine Wolf: And you want to say something about your conclusion.
Hillary Johnson: uh yeah basically we had more than 1000 kilometers of chirp seismic data collected in.
Hillary Johnson: We also had sedimentary ground truth collected and short course and gravity like sediment surface sediment samples.
Hillary Johnson: And all that was being used with cesium 137 led to 10 and carbon 14 dating to correlate that with where these kronos product logically significant horizons that we map with the little earthquake deposits and we're timing those deposits.
Hillary Johnson: Relatively in that framework.
Lorraine Wolf: Okay, well, I think we managed to get through it.
Lorraine Wolf: So um yeah i'm sorry I I didn't realize when I started to play the video we go back to the concluding slide so i'm glad we got to see something any questions for our speaker.
Iftekhar Alam: Oh, I can ask one small question, so why do you interpret that as a guest chimney maybe I needed some.
Hillary Johnson: Yes, good question it's because there were like hot springs and the lake actually, so I think that there was like some gas associated with that.
Hillary Johnson: i'm not sure about the hundred percent 100% specific on that, but I think that that's just because of literature and of how it appears, like the reflection characteristics, they are similar to what looks like ash chimneys and like oil exploration sort of.
Hillary Johnson: Seismic start up.
roberthawman: I had a really quick question to a lot of times it's kind of data shows multiples strong multiples because anybody ever tried to deacon ball bat, where do you just kind of work with it.
Hillary Johnson: I mean we've been looking at the multiples to tell were false are.
Hillary Johnson: But.
Hillary Johnson: We can't get it to where it doesn't look like it has the multiples on there.
roberthawman: it's a tough problem it's harder to think yeah.
Hillary Johnson: Because we've done several processing but it's not gone away here okay.
roberthawman: You can see this photography that you need to see without pressing.
Hillary Johnson: The glacial till that.
yeah.
Well, thank you.
Iftekhar Alam: Thank you.
Iftekhar Alam: So with that I will be moving to our last presentation poster presentation for the session, and it is titled SEM image segmentation using neural networks with a minimal training set and our presenter is.
Iftekhar Alam: Being in in zhao.
Iftekhar Alam: 10 job and in half, who from art and environmental sciences department, the University of Texas at arlington, so I think this is also a pre recorded.
Hello everyone, my name is painting today my topic is about SEM image segmentation using the new networks, who is the minimum training size, the word is down together by being chain change out to home, who, from the University of Texas at arlington earth and environmental science department.
This work adaptive neural networks to study the nano scale pros in scanning electron microscope image taken from the show samples we analyzed the rgb color range of each real objects and assigned the corresponding label to each pixel according to the road object it belongs to.
output labels and the row images were ingested at the features in the training process several unit motos were trend with each having a different feature size, taken from the row images.
We identify the rogue objects of the testing images by employing each model individually and aggregated their prediction readouts using the bagging approach the results achieved 97% accuracy and average iou of 57%.
The study of the Shell pros is a great significance of energy geosciences I see him produce images that show information on the material rose surface composition and photography.
The figure one shows the compensation of the workforce Shell, the men composition of the wood for the Shell as mineral grants are getting matter pros and place.
The figure two shows degree scale analyzes of each component due to the large overlap across clay mineral grains and approach be cannot be distinguished intuitively from the color by traditional three showed my.
machine learning based approaches can distinguish the clean mineral grains and approach quickly was high accuracy.
For my good we developed to multi unit training moto the figure three shows the pipeline off our multi unit 20 moto.
When I don't know is the rgb color renders off all images and assign the labels to each pixel according to his color.
And then we adopted the unit moto as the backbone, which he has a good performance on this mounted sides, the figure four shows the structure of the united moto and then we try to the moto separately for each targets to eliminate the impacts of an event object distributions.
We also developed the Multi unit inference moto the figure five shows our pipeline of the Multi unit influence model.
We input a row images into each training model individually and aggregated the prediction readouts of all models, using the bagging approach choosing the maximum likely who label for each pixel.
For the data we're used to in this project, we collected at Rochelle rochas SEM images and label them by emoji.
Five images used in the training sites and three images using this testing sites, we also divided each row images of 1024 by 768 pixels into four five tall by 512 patches.
The figure six shows the division of row SEM images into passions and it figures seven shows the label of SEM images.
For the results he shows the SEM images in testing insights be shows the ground truth labels of the image see shows the predicted labels of the image.
The predicted results are evaluated with the iou and accuracy matrix based on their ground truth labels, we achieved 97% accuracy and average down Oh, you have 57% on the testing side.
Applying this approach can significantly reduce the manual labeling time and the future studies will taste the approaches on the larger decides and adapt unsupervised learning to further reduce the labeling time.
This research is performed using the funding received from the D O ye office of the nuclear energy, nuclear university program, thank you for your listening.
Lorraine Wolf: Okay, thank you for your talk.
Lorraine Wolf: Who has questions for our speaker.
Can Guven: Can I ask a question.
Binqian Yin: Okay sure.
Can Guven: chemist model can be trained to distinguish between the types of different place.
Binqian Yin: uh.
Binqian Yin: yeah The topic is about to do the segmentation off all the objects soft the Shell drunk.
Can Guven: So say for society was we feel we train, so it can be distinguished them according to the to the light right.
Binqian Yin: i'm sorry, could you say it again.
Can Guven: i'm sorry last it was a model is trained, so it can be able to distinguish between delight, and much more in life right.
Can Guven: Like different types of ways I guess.
Binqian Yin: yeah the actually i'm sorry, can you say a question again sorry about that.
Can Guven: So just giving examples of different types of claims like.
Can Guven: Some just basically checking in with you, if if if the model is trained, so they will be able to distinguish say clay sorry like from a month learn light or color right right so.
Binqian Yin: Oh yeah yeah right yeah so the the.
Binqian Yin: Men composition of the brown case the clay and i'll get a mentor and the pros and mineral grains so we we distinguish all of this, this particles.
roberthawman: I have a quick question.
roberthawman: I wonder if you could apply this approach to much bigger scale problems like remote mapping using satellite data.
roberthawman: Has anybody used this particular algorithm for that.
Binqian Yin: i'm.
Binqian Yin: Sorry, I know is only for the SEM images, not for the very big scale.
Binqian Yin: I mean the big set scale images.
roberthawman: It seems to be it'd be a scale independent you're looking for pattern recognition right or color recognition, and I wonder if that particular algorithm could be scaled up.
Binqian Yin: yeah yeah that's a very interesting topic.
Binqian Yin: um I think the.
Binqian Yin: Actually, the.
Binqian Yin: image segmentation can be taken in many types of the images, but in my project here i'm still working on using this method to do the segmentation off the a very small.
Binqian Yin: small scale images because, due to the limitations off the Somme equipments the some fema fema equipment some equipment cannot have very good.
Binqian Yin: cant cannot produce very high resolution images, so you think this method can distinguish the the the different objects and helps our researchers to.
Binqian Yin: To save their time on the segmentation and especially for the lower resolution images.
roberthawman: yeah so this approach is really powerful for that application sounds good.
Binqian Yin: Thank you.
Lorraine Wolf: Well, I think we've concluded our session.
Lorraine Wolf: And I want to thank everybody for attending and thank our speakers for some really interesting talks we had a very nice variety of different topics so something for everybody, and I really appreciate the effort, especially from the students, they did a great job and.
Lorraine Wolf: hope everybody continues to enjoy the meeting tomorrow.
Lorraine Wolf: And i'll be the last one to sign off, so if anyone wants to say around, please do so thank you all.
Iftekhar Alam: Thank you.
Lorraine Wolf: well.
Iftekhar Alam: Leave.
roberthawman: Okay it's done.
Lorraine Wolf: videos come out because you know I can't really tell from my end very.
roberthawman: Good yeah.
roberthawman: yeah they were good.
Lorraine Wolf: You can hear them.
roberthawman: Okay work out.
Lorraine Wolf: yeah the first one, I couldn't hear very well, but then I did the optimized for a video clip and even though he told me not to.
Lorraine Wolf: And it was louder on my end I don't know.
Lorraine Wolf: I.
egarriso: think you can do it without optimize.
Lorraine Wolf: Well, sometimes it automatically does that, so you know it depends on I guess what version of zoom you have or whatever, but I don't know i'm sure the convex guy knows all about this, but.
Lorraine Wolf: Anyway, I thought at least it when and we saved Dan and we save the girl that.
egarriso: Video come off what What about five minutes didn't she understand.
Lorraine Wolf: Well that's Okay, I mean you know we just.
Lorraine Wolf: It was a little bit challenging because it went every time I tried to play and it went to.
Lorraine Wolf: You know the conclusion slide so.
roberthawman: Anyway, I mean that's.
roberthawman: What I looked at this morning I that's what I emailed you about and and I felt bad for because.
roberthawman: I guess it really wasn't time to fix that but I thought it, I thought her talk turned out well.
Lorraine Wolf: yeah I think once.
Lorraine Wolf: Once I could stop it and go to individual figures.
roberthawman: yeah That was a big.
Lorraine Wolf: It took her a little bit.
roberthawman: To work.
roberthawman: And I thought she did a good job of recovering.
roberthawman: From that and yeah and it was good.
Lorraine Wolf: It was good yeah and I wanted to encourage her to get through it.
Lorraine Wolf: because she obviously and prepared.
Lorraine Wolf: very nice images.
egarriso: yeah great images yeah there were a lot of questions in there that couldn't get answer because of.
Lorraine Wolf: That there were questions in the chat.
egarriso: know there were quite well there yeah there were questions coming for me, but because she was so shook I didn't want to go there yeah.
Lorraine Wolf: Okay Kevin just said cab just said that we're going to end in one minute so they're going to give us a hook, but i'm ready to go home.
roberthawman: yeah i'm.
Lorraine Wolf: All for doing your part, so I really.
roberthawman: Good thanks for the hard part.
roberthawman: Thanks for doing that yeah.
egarriso: I really.
egarriso: I enjoy the power of that mute button has i'm.
egarriso: I love this.
roberthawman: We can see it to cut off that guy in mid sentence.
Lorraine Wolf: Cut off well yeah who did that.
roberthawman: Was classic hook.
Lorraine Wolf: Terrible I felt so bad he's a student, you know.
Lorraine Wolf: that's why I came in and I said, you want to say anything about your conclusions I apologize.
Lorraine Wolf: That was just terrible but yeah if the car if we had to cut him off it wasn't bad, but.
egarriso: I wanted to ask if the car after car, one thing I wanted to say where you go go by slide software, please.
egarriso: it'll make your life so much easier.
Lorraine Wolf: Okay well.
Lorraine Wolf: It was a thank you very much for your participation and helping out with this.
Lorraine Wolf: It was a really good session.
roberthawman: So too.
egarriso: I got.
roberthawman: A body care everybody. 1443