Arthur Merschat: Well, good morning i'd like to welcome everyone to session 17 for Eastern activities of the usgs earth mapping resource initiative.
Arthur Merschat: results and progress of phases one, two and three critical critical minerals research.
Arthur Merschat: So this is a virtual session with live talks and periods for discussion, we want to remind that the talks are for 17 minutes, with three minutes of questions questions may be entered into the chat box either.
Arthur Merschat: In either a moderator will read the questions were may ask you to unmute and ask the question to the group.
Arthur Merschat: We want to encourage you know participation within this this session we've also planned three discussions, where we'll ask the previous authors to join for additional discussion and questions.
Arthur Merschat: We want to hope to foster good virtual interaction and collaboration during these events and ask for your participation to put questions in chats during these discussions as well or also going to ask the questions and have a group discussion.
Arthur Merschat: There are no scheduled breaks in this session, as well, and so we will use some of the discussion periods that if you have if you need to take a break, to use the discussion theories to slip off for a break.
Arthur Merschat: But hopefully will stay and enjoying the discussion, finally, we want to remind everyone that this is a GSA event.
Arthur Merschat: And it has guided by GSA code of ethics, which we all signed prior to the meeting and also GSA rise through be respectful to all in our thoughts and discussions throughout this session.
Arthur Merschat: So we thank you for joining us for this session, I guess, we will go ahead, to begin with our first talk it is.
Arthur Merschat: usgs earth mapping resources initiative support for data acquisition through partnerships with state geological surveys by Warren day and Jane and Jane hamstrung will present be present.
and
Arthur Merschat: So we all.
Arthur Merschat: I guess well i'll go ahead and introduce our next guest switch here to the second talk and go to the second and third talk, so we can come back.
Arthur Merschat: and work out things technical problems with with our first talk there so we're going to move to rare earth element, distribution and mobility and regular deposits formed on altered, a type granites of the southeastern United States presented by nor foley so normal pass along to you.
Nora Foley: Great I will good morning today i'm going to describe studies, my colleagues and I have conducted at the usgs to better understand that the genesis of regolith hosted rare earth element deposits.
Nora Foley: Now this class of deposits includes the world famous rare earth elements island search and clay deposits of China.
Nora Foley: Now our goal here was to establish whether the potential exists for deposits of this type to occur in the US.
Nora Foley: And our results have demonstrated that regolith hosted rare earth elements deposits can and do and do occur in Granite derived regulus of the southeastern us.
Nora Foley: Now currently there are four main types of earth element deposit set supplied global markets, the first star carbonite deposits, and these include, for example, mountain pass in California.
Nora Foley: And by an oboe in China now in these deposits, the earth elements are mainly and bass tonight and that's a rare earth element rich floral carbonate mineral.
Nora Foley: Now the second type of para para alkaline igneous deposits include, for example, the lovozero deposit in Russia.
Nora Foley: And they are the or mineral is local right and that's a high temperature titanium rare earth elements oxide.
Nora Foley: The third are heavy metal sand deposits, and these include plaster and sand deposits that contain refractory minerals, such as mono site and xena time, and these are, of course, the best known rare earth element deposits in the southeast us.
So the fourth type is.
Nora Foley: A rare earth elements a clay deposits, and these are the ones that are mined in China in these clay deposits, the bulk of the rare earth elements are ads or to.
Nora Foley: claim minerals, mainly a kayla night, now the mineralogy of these deposit is very important because the minerals and the first three deposit types contain mostly light rare earth elements.
Nora Foley: In refractory minerals now, in contrast, the rare earth element Baron clays contain significant amounts of both light and heavy railroads that can be easily separated from clay.
Nora Foley: And currently the rare earth element clay deposits of China produce most of the valuable heavy rare earths that are supplied to global markets.
Nora Foley: Now this map shows the six provinces of China that contain the major rare earth elements dinosaur sumption clay deposits, the bedrock in the region is primarily weathered igneous suites that consist of.
Nora Foley: Older granted toys and by mobile cannock some some late triassic were metal granites including IBM tantalum and 10 granites and they tend to be calc alkaline to pair alkaline and affinity.
Nora Foley: Now these areas also contain major kale and I bauxite resources and most of the box site and the kale and deposits, as well as the rare earth element deposits are thought to have formed within the last about 150 million years under subtropical to tropical climates.
Nora Foley: Now here's a map of the southeast to us and it's shown at roughly the same scale as the previous map is showed for South China now the southeast you us, of course, also contains deeply weathered granites and associated regulus, and these include.
Nora Foley: Grants have a variety of age, Neil Neil protozoa to Allah ghanian and some rare metal 10 granites.
Nora Foley: The clay deposit or clay deposits of many types also occur throughout the southeast us from Virginia, all the way to the Gulf coast.
Nora Foley: And these can include both sedimentary or transported caitlin's and also igneous related in situ kayla night deposits in the selfies there's also minor bauxite deposits that occur to the West.
Nora Foley: Now many of these clay deposits also likely formed within the last 200 million years during periods of subtropical.
Nora Foley: To warm temperate a climactic regimes now, it was these similarities in geology and climate that originally led me to propose that the US, particularly with selfies to ask could be.
Nora Foley: perspective for rare earth elements island search and clay deposits akin to those that currently supply global markets.
Nora Foley: Now this slide shows the main features of the rare earth element clay deposits of China, and these include the presence of igneous sweet generally Griffin kinetic in composition.
Nora Foley: Evidence for enrichment of rare earth elements and overlying regular with the in-situ regulus having rare earth element concentrations that are about three to five times the bedrock composition.
Nora Foley: These deposits form under long periods of deep weathering such that elements like uranium and the rare earth elements are become mobile within the regular.
Nora Foley: Overall, these deposits are quite low in grade generally on the order of 500 to about 3000 parts per million total wearers but, most importantly, the there is a high percentage of the rare earth elements that have to occur as absorbed ions on clay.
Nora Foley: Now this photo on the left, shows a rare earth element clay mine and China.
Nora Foley: And the figure on the right is a contract normalized worth element plot showing the two main types of rare earth elements clay deposits that our mind in China.
Nora Foley: there's a light birth element and rich type and that's in green and a heavy earth element enriched type, which is shown here and pink.
Nora Foley: So the southeastern us that contains three major belts weathered igneous rocks and our studies focused on two of these belts.
Nora Foley: The Western most belt to consists of neoproterozoic an organic pollutants and related rocks that have high highly solicit compositions high contents of gallium flooring neodymium.
Nora Foley: 10 tantalum your dream enter coney them and also high total rare earth elements, and this can range from 500 to almost 1500 ppm.
Nora Foley: So, to the East, we also looked at futons in allegheny and trend and these tend to be more typical igneous or I type granites.
Nora Foley: But they have much larger exposed volumes of weather rock less specialized compositions and generally rare earth elements of less than that average less than of all are much less than 500 ppm.
Nora Foley: So some of the sites, we studied are listed here they include stuart's phil and striped rock protons and Virginia, the personal information and liberty hill futon and South Carolina and also the Alberta in Sparta Platonic transact down in Georgia.
Nora Foley: So this slide shows an overview of some of those sites, now the example i'm going to describe it in most detailed today is a stewart's film.
Nora Foley: And the stores for gluten is a 680 million year by tight granted, but high flooring higher earth elements and low phosphate.
Nora Foley: It has a fixed sequence of regulus that is well exposed and a number of sites.
Nora Foley: Now we were able to sample pretty much complete Granite to upper most soil profiles at a cover a couple of these exposures.
Nora Foley: And we found that the bedrock tended to average about 650 ppm urs so we also conducted similar studies at other sites, but we needed to use different types of approaches to sampling the profile.
Nora Foley: For example, in the middle picture, there is the hail area of South Carolina.
Nora Foley: Now, one of the active clay mines there's also a lot of active gold mining in the region, and these deposits are located within the persimmon for formation.
Nora Foley: So at on of the clay sites, we were able to sample pretty much a complete soil to bedrock profile through the highly altered it's you can see what the place or like a highly altered violate that contains a cross cutting on may 5 dykes.
Nora Foley: Now, in similar studies at the liberty hill futon in South Carolina the there's a very thick regolith, but it was very poorly exposed and.
Nora Foley: This basically required the use of a three meter long soil car to collect a relatively complete soil profile, but because the bedrock could not be collected with you know at the at the site where we collect the soil profile, we had to use a Granite samples from a nearby.
Nora Foley: corey for comparison.
Nora Foley: So this figure shows the students will regulate samples samples from one of the profiles now on the y axis.
Nora Foley: We plotted birth element concentrations in the regular sample normalized to the original Granite composition, which is shown by the black line at one.
Nora Foley: And the rare rare earth elements are plotted along the X axis, so what we found for this profile is that the total rare earths for individual samples ranged from 300 to around 3000 ppm total waivers and the regular.
Nora Foley: The clay rich sample or credit, we found also they play rich soils contained from two to up to about five times the total rare earth elements compared to the bedrock.
Nora Foley: These clay rich soils also showed a distinctive serum anomaly in earth element plots and relative increases in the errors from lance and them down to dispose of them.
Nora Foley: So now, the marathon that concentrations in bulk regolith samples include both are ease edged sword to clay and also a rare earth elements in residual igneous minerals like Mon, as I zircon.
Nora Foley: xena time and the like, so we needed to conduct leaching experiments to measure the actual amount of ads or rare earth elements.
Nora Foley: And this this slide shows extraction results for the previous profile on the y axis, here we plotted the readily extract of rare earth elements in percent and the orange bars identify individual samples within the profile.
Nora Foley: So the leech data are for a mild acid leach which basically removes ads or rare earth elements and also some of the soluble.
Nora Foley: of rare earth elements, minerals, so this type of a leech extraction or leach is a really comparable to the current methods that are used to offer extraction mining of rare earth elements from clays.
Nora Foley: OK, so the upper diagram shows that the extracted library elements were in the range of 30 to about 50% and the lower diagram shows that the extracted headwear elements ranged from 30 to about 72.
Nora Foley: So now, with this data set, we see that the the total of the soluble Ari ease account or an average about 40% in this in this particular profile.
Nora Foley: And this equates to a valid value of about nine an average value of 900 parts per million total rivers.
Nora Foley: And this is well above the cutoff grade of about 500 parts per million for a deposits that are currently mind in South China, so the next question, we wanted to ask course was what is really weathering to form these rare earth element clays.
Nora Foley: Now the stores full polluted and, in fact, most of the similar energetic grants in the southeast contain abundant Alan I, as well as a wide variety of other rare element.
Nora Foley: Bearing minerals so for the students will gluten we used I in micro data which we collected at the usgs Stanford university shrimp lab.
Nora Foley: To establish that these Allen nights are like the middle earth element enriched and they contain on the order of await percent total where are 18 to 25%.
Nora Foley: Total visitors and those data are shown in the lower contract normalized rare earth element plot for the ammonites that are shown in the photograph above.
Nora Foley: So using this technique, we also found that zircon in this particular gluten containing unusually high rare earth elements up to about two away percent are ease and okay so then again the other minerals listed here like fluoride garnet tight night time.
Nora Foley: Also contained are ease and we found that at stewart's fill in general, these minerals either have generally very low Ari contents or their volumetric Lee minor in the grant so Ellen I really is the primary host of already ease in this Granite.
Nora Foley: So the mineral mineral Allah nice weather is very rapidly and the climate of the southeast us.
Nora Foley: And we found that enrichment of our ease in the regular is likely, a result of Allah night weathering in the Granite.
Nora Foley: This some on the far figure on the far left is a SEM backscatter electron image showing a highly altered Allah night and all the bright areas distributed throughout this grain are rare earth elements.
Nora Foley: The Middle backscatter electron image shows that these are he is sort to the edges and inner layer sites of the claim minerals and i've just made them shown a microphone map of neodymium in one of those inset areas on the far right.
Nora Foley: Now, if you look at this red circles on this first photo you can also see bright spots of our ears that are redistributed into the surrounding regolith materials within altered felts bars by a tights and courts.
Nora Foley: So i'm here are the steps that we identify in the regular that led to formation of the rare earth element enriched regular at.
Nora Foley: stewart's fill first of all, the night breaks down to release worth elements and then these are ease can be physically or chemically absorbed to clays generally now tonight and kale the nights that are formed by weathering of silicate minerals like felt spark and by attire.
Nora Foley: But some rare earth elements also precipitate has oxide phosphate and carbonate minerals throughout the regular and the far left on this slide shows serum.
Nora Foley: oxides and serum based mono sites that infill active segments and infill in open space within the regular now the three.
Nora Foley: The three slides on the to the right show.
Nora Foley: Essentially site, which is a library elements floor carbonate mineral Dover right which is a heavy rare earth elements floral carbonate mineral.
Nora Foley: That and show that they also infill in cracks and open space within the regular and I just added a microscope map of your room, which outlines that Dover right circling court springs in the regular.
Nora Foley: So the rare earth elements that are released by weathering of Alan it can be either ads or to clay or precipitated as either soluble or insoluble minerals throughout the developing regular.
Nora Foley: Now this redistribution is influenced by local micro chemical domains, which are defined by factors that crow control solubility in the aqueous phase.
Nora Foley: For example, PA just the dominant control on the ED selection of the rare earth on to claim minerals now, in contrast to the precipitation of or the conversion of Syria Syria night serum oxide is the function of the redux state within the.
Nora Foley: The regular and if you have the presence of complex and agents like phosphorus flooring or carbonic tied up that can result in precipitation of either Mona site or some of the more interesting soluble where element of little carbonates likes interest like in Dover right.
Nora Foley: So our results have demonstrated that there's certainly a significant potential in the southeastern us for the currents of regular hosted are equally deposits of the types that are currently being mined in China.
Nora Foley: Now, identifying a rare earth element regulus is just the first step towards assessing the potential for these resources to occur in the US.
Nora Foley: So our studies have also shown that worth element ions ads or to claim minerals in many types of clearing deposits, such as organic related caitlin's some shale shale formations inbox sites.
Nora Foley: So it is our hope that some of the earth MRI funded activities which Jane will describe a little later in the session opened up many new avenues of research in the exploration for clay related rare resources, thank you.
Jane: Can you hear me now.
Jane: Yes, okay good.
Arthur Merschat: Sorry, oh great.
Arthur Merschat: Thank you very much, thank you very much for being able to to step in there first there do we have any questions from Nora excellent talk.
Arthur Merschat: I have have one.
Nora Foley: Okay, all right.
Arthur Merschat: I have one question, though, so, is it primarily that with the grants that the a type is being the most know is.
Arthur Merschat: has more Alan night and caring rare earth minerals, where this maybe there are other types of grants throughout the inner peace or throughout the you know the appalachians It may also have our nights and rare earth minerals as well, or have the potential.
Nora Foley: yes and yes, the antigenic granites you know, of course, have this this you know tend to have this really high high concentration of a lot of the really interesting elements like.
Nora Foley: Like the rare earth elements, as well as flooring and some of the other things, but, in addition, and one thing the liberty hill studies that we talked about.
Nora Foley: that's like a more of a typical business or I type granted, but there at the key in that situation is to look for the more highly fraction needed igneous type grants for you get that accumulation of the rare earth elements in our suite of.
Interesting a critical elements within the really highly fragmented.
Nora Foley: Industry type granted so So those are the kind of like the two main.
Nora Foley: source rocks that we that we really look for and and the key to having a.
Nora Foley: developing these really high mobile rare earth elements within the regular is to have a source rock that's enrich To begin with, it just makes it one step further along the path to really getting a regular enriched and there's also.
Arthur Merschat: Thank you, nor um so I guess we'll.
Arthur Merschat: we'll go ahead and move back to what was our original talk this morning good on schedule, so thank you again for excellent talk nor and vino step in there, like that.
Arthur Merschat: To really go back now to usgs earth mapping resources initiative support for data acquisition through partnerships with state geological surveys worn day and Jane hamstrung and Jane hamish from will be presenting.
Jane: Okay, can you see my screen.
Jane: Oh, now I need to unmute myself.
Arthur Merschat: Now we can hear you we can hear you.
Arthur Merschat: Can you see you don't see your side, yet.
Jane: Oh, my goodness, give it a second.
Jane: let's take a minute to load okay.
Arthur Merschat: And I guess also i'll put my hand up and we have 15 minutes three 417 minutes and then i'll have to cut anyone off at 20.
Okay.
Jane: Tell me, when you can see my screen not yeah my goodness.
Jane: No.
No.
Jane: Oh, my goodness.
Jane: shoot Now you can hear me and you can't see me.
Jane: it's on both of my screens, let me.
Jane: Oh wait a minute, maybe, that was a problem now Can you see it.
Jane: yep okay.
Arthur Merschat: Its arms sure enough so students started sharing screen, we can see it you're on.
Jane: Okay sorry too many screens okay so ah and you're seeing the one that says earth mapping resources with the Green.
Jane: Okay gotcha okay really sorry about that I finally changed computers so i'm really pleased to not start up 50 the second person in the session, highlighting the activities of earth MRI.
Jane: In particular, for the southeast region so i'm going to give a little background on the project update you on the current status and introduce some of the activities that you heard about and you'll hear about more in this session so usgs launched earth MRI and.
Jane: In response to a need for information on potential domestic sources of critical minerals.
Jane: If you're not familiar with it, I think everybody here is but it's a national scale collaborative collaborative effort with the Association of American state geologists.
Jane: The idea is, we want to identify and prioritize areas for acquisition of new data on new geologic mapping to your physical data arrow magnetic and airborne radio metric surveys.
Jane: and identify where we need light our data and the ideas to improve our knowledge of the geologic framework of the United States, not only for critical mineral resources, but for these other potential applications for energy hazards and so forth.
Jane: So the presidential order executive order in 2017 directed the usgs in coordination with other eight federal agencies to draft a list of critical minerals.
Jane: And our national minerals information Center at the usgs developed a quantitative screening tool to come up with this list of 35 critical minerals that you see here for earth MRI.
Jane: Sorry.
Jane: We needed to divide this into some phases in order to be able to accomplish the project.
Jane: So we grew up the critical minerals into these phases, so we could first identify the high priority critical minerals, where were the rear of the element group being one of the highest.
Jane: And we did that the first year we been included rearers again in phase two for this group of 11 commodities and we completed that work.
Jane: Last year, and came out with a an open file report and a data release for the GIs and the supporting data that included things like aluminum that could come from bauxite titanium from plaster deposits.
Jane: We are currently working on getting the data out for phase three for these commodities, we worked on these with the states at.
Jane: Virtual workshops last fall and that data, hopefully, will be coming out early summer so what we have left to do, are these commodities such as business Hillary them and so on.
Jane: And these are a little bit of a challenge, because these aren't primary commodities of mining they're going to be by products or co products and their recovery is going to be largely dependent on the economics of recovery and market forces, so this slide on the left, shows the.
Jane: US net import reliance for of different commodities and a lot of these critical minerals, such as floor Spar and gallium and graphite and indium and manganese.
Jane: Are things that the US is 100% import reliant on, and you can see, on the right that over time we've had growing us net import reliance for many commodities.
Jane: The critical minerals, in particular, things that we weren't using so much 50 years ago but they're increasingly important for green technologies solar.
Jane: car batteries for electric cars so it's not only critical things are not only critical because of a net import reliance, but it can also be that the supply chain could be vulnerable to disruption.
Jane: Or the commodities essential for manufacturing or for national security and we'd really be in trouble if we didn't have it.
Jane: So this map shows the ongoing project areas, so the Gray in the bath are all the focus areas for these phase two critical minerals.
Jane: And then these other colors show where we have ongoing projects were able to fund about 1415 mapping projects every year Those are two year projects that started in fiscal year 19.
Jane: We are able to fund fewer airborne geophysical surveys, because they're much more expensive and some of that work was impeded a bit by coven this year but hope to get those things flowing this year and then.
Jane: Some lidar surveys that are done by the three debt program and i'll talk a little bit more about the geochemistry.
Jane: One of the success stories so far has been an increase in high quality airborne geophysical data, you can see, on this map the earth MRI rank one surveys or geophysicist looked at all the available.
Jane: mag and radio metric data for the country and ranked the existing coverage and we have very little ranked one and two and that's the high quality digital data that's.
Jane: most useful for geologic mapping and for looking for potential deposits, under cover.
Jane: So the good news is that we've doubled the amount of rank one data and sobering news is that it will take a really long time to get good coverage for the country.
Jane: So we really have to select areas for new data, where we're going to get the most bang for our buck.
Jane: So drilling in on activities in the south, east and you're be hearing more about these in this session, the ongoing lidar the ongoing mapping are these red boxes, the geophysical surveys are in green and some of these pink areas are areas of focus for to chemical recognizance.
Jane: So we've adopted a mineral systems approach to critical mineral inventory and assessment.
Jane: The idea of a mineral system is it it's a family of or deposits that are genetically linked in time and space and shared geologic tectonic processes.
Jane: So in the southeast i've highlighted some plaster system deposit types that are very important and that's the components of the heavy mineral sands.
Jane: This mineral systems framework was developed in the usgs by l hofstra and Doug greiner and they put out an open file report on that last spring, that includes this table there is.
Jane: As we move through the project we've needed to add more systems and deposit types and so there'll be an update coming out later this year.
Jane: So the idea of the class or systems, as shown here in a cartoon we have both flavio plasters shoreline beach plasters Paleo plasters.
Jane: And these form and drainage basins and along shorelines where we have topographic relief and gravity driven flow of surface water or title and wind action.
Jane: So that the plaster systems can concentrate the insoluble resistant minerals to get liberated from various rock types and mineral occurrences.
Jane: So this map shows in purple all of the plaster.
Jane: systems that we've focus areas for plaster systems that we've identified in the eastern us.
Jane: And then you can see these green areas where we have geophysical surveys and Andy Shaw, is going to talk about the application of geophysical surveys to plasters and how this kind of data can be really important and looking from source to the West to sink farther east.
Jane: Another important mineral system for the southeast is a chemical weathering system and we heard about the regolith items orb should rare earth potential from Nora.
Jane: We also have bauxite clay can have super gene manganese and also some uranium deposits associated with chemical weathering systems.
Jane: Now chemical weathering systems operate and stable areas of low to moderate relief with sufficient rainfall to chemically dissolve and concentrate elements that are present in various rock types by downwards circle it.
Jane: down or percolation of surface water in the unsaturated zone and chemical gradients can cause different elements to be concentrated at different positions in the weathering profile, so we know that bauxite a ladder I.
Jane: are restricted to formation and tropical climates, but many other types of chemical weathering systems can form in more temperate and arid climates, so this cartoon shows an example, we can have uranium can be.
Jane: precipitated and reduced by organic material with coal, we can get bauxite formation and in the appalachian there's a string of small manganese oxide deposits and here's a photograph of an example from a paper by carmichael and others showing manganese oxides in northeast Tennessee.
Jane: So the slide on the Left outlines all the focus areas in the east for chemical weathering systems and the slide on the right shows those coded by deposit type.
Jane: So the red or the box sites, the orange are these areas of potential manganese deposits, the green of the big belt of Grenada crocs it, nor was talking about that could potentially host.
Jane: rare earths a regular deposits and then scattered around, we have all this book colored area, these are clays high aluminum under claims that are associated with coal and those are of interest for potential rare earth aluminum and and possibly lithium.
Jane: So.
Jane: For some of these deposit types we don't need geologic mapping or geophysics as much as we need geochemical reconnaissance so that's been the case for the.
Jane: Rare earth and lithium enrich tie aluminum under clays in these buff colored areas and, similarly, there are fast fabric units, especially.
Jane: In the devonian phosphates of the appalachian and Illinois basin it's been demonstrated that those contain rare earths.
Jane: there's technology available to extract those rare earths and another important factor is that they are enriched in heavy as well as light rare earth.
Jane: So there's do chemical sampling going on, focused on the static units these older ones we haven't looked at the younger miocene pliocene phosphates along the east coast.
Jane: and also on these underplays and there's a poster that you'll see later by the West Virginia geological survey on this.
Jane: So what happens is at the state geological surveys go out and collect the samples they submit them to the usgs and we get them analyzed.
Jane: And the very first day to release of geochemical samples locations of which are plotted these black dots came out just a couple of weeks ago there's a lot more samples that are being analyzed right now so stay tuned there's a lot more on the way.
Jane: And finally, if you're interested in the ongoing projects if you go to the usgs and look under the special topics for earth MRI you can see the earth MRI acquisitions viewer.
Jane: And you can hone in on individual projects and, for example, this red areas and area that's being mapped by the Virginia division of geology.
Jane: For class or potential and there's a poster session by billy lasseter that talks about this and other critical mineral potential in the State of Virginia.
Jane: So I if you have any questions about individual projects, the contacts are there, and you can see all the ongoing projects on this site and with that i'll be happy to entertain any questions.
Arthur Merschat: Thank you Jane Thank you amazing amazing to cover everything that's going on with them are it's really amazing initiative of all the various remapping and do physics and chemistry is being tied into.
Jane: This is only in the East, when you look at the whole country is pretty over cast 1000 volunteer to help us do.
Arthur Merschat: We do have, we have a question from Anthony and i'm going to i'm going to unmute Anthony who said you'd be willing to ask the question.
Arthur Merschat: So again, if you have a question just either put it in the chat or just say, I have a question to the group and we'll try to get you and unmute you and let you too.
Jane: Okay i'd be happy to answer.
Jane: What was the question.
Anthony Boxleiter: I Jane this is at the student in geosciences here in Georgia, and it was a really great presentation, one question I have for you is.
Anthony Boxleiter: Also, to follow up with nora's presentation, been a lot of investigation in the southeast for regular hosted deposits, as compared to the the well known deposits in China.
Anthony Boxleiter: Is what place or deposits.
Anthony Boxleiter: Has there been much investigation into the potential for you know cemetery kalan based deposits like they've seen in Japan for the you know enrichment potential in those sort of you know cemetery deposits.
Jane: I don't know you know the the clay work is focused on the under claims in.
Jane: I guess the southern most ones are in West Virginia and maybe nowhere can answer that she knows more about clays and I do.
Jane: Nora any comments.
Jane: Oh, nor you're muted.
Nora Foley: You yeah the underclass the underclass dice aliens in West Virginia, but but we've also looked at sedimentary sequences you know sedimentary clays in the southeastern us.
Nora Foley: Like a particularly in South Carolina and Georgia and done studies on those and some of those extreme white clays very highly altered are actually.
Nora Foley: There there so whether to the extent when then where most of the mobile where the elements had been removed and what remains is the original residual things like Mona site and.
Nora Foley: xena time So yes, there you know the The key thing for the regular posted clays and and also this works for the thunder clays within the coals is that these are not so.
Nora Foley: intensely weather, so that all the mobile elements are stripped as well and I worked with some of the the Georgia claim producers to.
Nora Foley: get some of those sequences down there and there you tend to get a very, very clean beautiful white clay, with very little.
Nora Foley: Mobile rare earth elements, but there are costs associated mana sites and xena times, all the residual refractory realm of minerals retain are retained in those skills so sequences so.
Nora Foley: um there is there is kind of like a sweet spot in weathering that we're looking at when we want to identify.
perspective.
perspective sequence.
Anthony Boxleiter: Thanks, thank you.
Arthur Merschat: Thank you um so we can we have a question from Isaac allard.
Arthur Merschat: gonna.
Arthur Merschat: unmute you if you'd like.
Arthur Merschat: And you can ask ask your question about money of underclothes.
Isaac Allred: I was just curious about the environmental implications of mining these under clays and static units.
Jane: um.
Jane: I don't really have any information on that, I mean compared to a lot of other deposit types you're not going to have the sulfites and the acid mind during it.
Jane: I I haven't followed that so i'm really not aware of that, if somebody else has some ideas i'd be happy to let them answer for you.
Arthur Merschat: And that may be so we'll be able to have more in the discussion on on some of this part of as well, so.
Arthur Merschat: That question as well, and this will kind of give us allow us to kind of move on to our third talking won't be as far off of our schedule so So hopefully we can kind of visit this back in our discussion, right after our next talk and I guess our next talk is going to be.
Arthur Merschat: Recent earth mapping resources initiative and other critical minerals related activities by the Alabama geological survey by Dane Vander hooked and john whitmore in sandy ebersole and Dane will be presenting.
Dane VanDervoort: morning everyone, my name is Dane renewable energy geological survey of Alabama I work in the survey largest non dual rock.
Dane VanDervoort: day of giving a presentation on some recent critical minerals blood work done by our agency I don't recent earth metal resources issue and other critical mineral rich learning activities by the Alabama geological survey.
Dane VanDervoort: Right so tell us a bit or had at this point, but as you're all aware United States is heavily reliant on important certain commodities that are vital to ensuring the continuous security, economic prosperity.
Dane VanDervoort: In 20 18% to executive order 138 months the US geological survey publish an updated list identify 35 Minutes that were deemed as being critical by the Department of Interior.
Dane VanDervoort: 35 minutes, and one of them has known resources, or at least 19.
Dane VanDervoort: Of these may have as many as 26 these quick confirm deposits prospects differences.
Dane VanDervoort: are sitting there right brilliant chromium cobalt flooring graphite Libyan magnesium manganese platinum group metals birth elements tantalum.
Dane VanDervoort: tin titanium uranium, maybe Canadian funds are coding, as well as potential prospects and currencies of value germanium hacking Indian may have been bringing in flame.
Dane VanDervoort: elder of the month, less than a month natural natural resource, it was litigation to be not insignificant amount of gold production during the early 1900s.
Dane VanDervoort: Its production was important factor in the early history of Alabama it's the total amount of gold will come up mom wasn't as great as some of the other more common festive goldfields.
Dane VanDervoort: That being the case, the search for gold did stimulate their own some of its production provider means compared to what, for many of the areas habits.
Dane VanDervoort: Following the California gold rush in 1849 most of the gold miners let's say prospecting and small scale money to continue to this day, many prospecting fits timelines are still being an opener many parts to go over.
Dane VanDervoort: prospecting email was revived from the time the freshman gold and subsequent discovery the copper, Nice and thick.
Dane VanDervoort: However, this excitement.
Dane VanDervoort: Of the civil war.
Dane VanDervoort: Money assault by middle of the month.
Dane VanDervoort: Following the end of the civil war industry were battling on your discovery of arsenic in our deposits around the credit for district in clay and counties.
Dane VanDervoort: Some inquiries and grab it for later identified from the cemetery rock so the more of the month, during the late 1818 by 1899 the first refined graphic products are being shipments from Alabama.
Dane VanDervoort: rabbi prospecting but.
Dane VanDervoort: But the early 1900s early 1900s Alabama ranked among the top domestic states record production continued from the rabbi bill until he reached its peak during World War one over 7.8 pounds of evolution playing tennis alone 1918 1933 over 80 million tons of.
Dane VanDervoort: Material i've been pleased.
Dane VanDervoort: With led to the development of arch.
Dane VanDervoort: By the early 1950s one production render the northern too much crap I have some economic and demographic graphite mining with now demographic though let's see.
Dane VanDervoort: Send mineralization and not to be associated with taking place at the moment, since the 1880s However it wasn't until the early 1930s, for a series prospecting began.
Dane VanDervoort: The need for domestic 10 spot on outbreak of World War Two resulted in several attempts to develop these 10 prospects by the early 1940s over 10,000 to have been produced from area.
Dane VanDervoort: Production fine fine in the world.
Dane VanDervoort: But in a renewed interest in any associated metals.
Dane VanDervoort: resulted in a reexamination of the area during the late 1970s and early 1980s, however, much like what happens so often domestic mining industry.
Dane VanDervoort: technological advances and the inundation of foreign material made these resources of economic by the 1990s in money in order to might help me.
Dane VanDervoort: Okay, so despite the fact that he hosts and abundance of resources, it remains one of the most poorly understood parts of the southern appalachian origin you're largely in Part Two will possibly have detailed map investigations analyses of its constituent terrains.
Dane VanDervoort: At present, the GSA willing, has a limited number of people putting a suite of eliminate county mental resource maths that we're all please at least 30 years ago.
Dane VanDervoort: In addition to this, the GSA department has only six published partnering with skills and 50 $500 and that part's the entirety of the run a paternalistic cover the region.
Dane VanDervoort: since the inception of the usgs statement for GSA is previously folks all it's mapping efforts on other more rapidly developing see and as a result, know detailed investigations to think about the GSA can be on for over 30 years.
Dane VanDervoort: into the historic production documented people cause for modern re appraisal of the currently known on the resource as much of the currently available published data it's not taking into account.
Dane VanDervoort: Modern right, which have made some economically profitable to target.
Dane VanDervoort: Nor does his account for changing technologies which have created a demand for go and buy commodities and made many of these resources themselves economically profitable target.
Dane VanDervoort: So do today's for production and sheer volume of stuff on the GSA GSA was able to identify at least eight different earth my mental focus areas in this part of state.
Dane VanDervoort: Based on the reply program usgs I didn't want three equipment all seriousness United States and had a high potential any granted drive.
Dane VanDervoort: we're going to wear a helmet bearing I adoption play puzzles and that's been seen in the bigger than the right to these folks areas, Neil gaiman and allegheny book series.
Dane VanDervoort: Come scenario approximately 4250 square miles of the region, covering courts have nine different candidates and Alabama.
Dane VanDervoort: In 2019 GSA in with medicare methods and project, one of the boundary of these key focus areas in order to attempt to identify potential sources of Granite Dr rare earth element bearing play deposits in the eastern leverage and terrains.
Dane VanDervoort: These can be rich and interview not trained as opposed to political alumnus missiles to classic rock and a lot by level, but often cross their.
Dane VanDervoort: fingers and order entry by I in an s type Meta grant boys that were formed in place phone complex series of autonomy, more than once, when does this county acadian do painting and allocating projects.
Dane VanDervoort: Although this is Chris rock's very compositional granted granted direct transmission tunnel, like the kinetic to grant or diabetic Ross generally tend to consistent find a very for spring testing records that exhibit high like or even there's strong me art and.
Dane VanDervoort: where's the transmitted from a little rock's generally tend to consist of finding me hearing look at some grand points that exhibit slight like our emotional and strong have already.
Dane VanDervoort: expressed work this investigation include details you automatically and regular simply on the milltown run run West a lot of the self funding, however, due to the limited available really suitable outcrops percent.
Dane VanDervoort: sample we're also put them online beliefs mellow valley new site will feel you want the more fun.
Dane VanDervoort: and interesting units that retargeting simply on the aforementioned cooperative click the old and translate the black screen Okay, which of course thyroid hormones are like zane agreement the plasma nice long island creek Nice and the rock was pointing it.
Dane VanDervoort: As previously mentioned the chance day has only published on the entirety of our emails, however, that being the case, we do have an abundance of had that coverage area.
Dane VanDervoort: So what we have here is a compilation of these my graduate students work with Dr mark cell phone versus just experienced some of those students mapping along the bottom and battery of the instrument is interpret Piedmont trains essential part of Alabama.
Dane VanDervoort: I want my now wife, rather than colleague john which one had the opportunity to work with Ms project in this area health officer mysteries of over.
Dane VanDervoort: This gentleman, I have a good elements in place rocks both are fine our priests event mapping one, while the south milltown run a request in order to create a suite of for new Jewish mass this part not region.
Dane VanDervoort: So, despite the fact that these quarter and also previously that under the program they require additional fields supplementation and geologic data as well as a careful we have the GIs data in order to generate the report particular project deliverables.
Dane VanDervoort: are starting this project GSA already had partial non justifying databases for the run of the mill town in the South Korea that included unit shape files, as well as Guild spaceship logic structural data.
Dane VanDervoort: such as these three bubbles on their part minimal verification supplementation and revision of that works great just by Judy races ups that are mandated by the Program.
Dane VanDervoort: Okay, so no additional July basis for GPS exists for a name that one or West one over we didn't have access to knowledge ups.
Dane VanDervoort: on the map non request which we use to eliminate really correlate.
Dane VanDervoort: With contacts instructors tsunami, while the north quadrangle as well on the.
Dane VanDervoort: Wireless out Milton is.
Dane VanDervoort: happening in real time, while the south park very clear, towards the end of last year and a half north, east and west expecting completed over the course to be completed, over the course of the next few months.
Dane VanDervoort: So in addition to the metal we also put the 97 samples of revel in the various banquet bodies and interact back near.
Dane VanDervoort: gel exposures are specifically targeted for sample the samples requested along outputs whether profile from the ground surface to fresh federal.
Dane VanDervoort: The sample of what the different three inches up to 10 happy.
Dane VanDervoort: below the ground surface over the average sample that is just a little over to be.
Dane VanDervoort: The regular samplings done, you can hand over and samples are collecting following standard usgs and EPA soul sampling methods.
Dane VanDervoort: Unfortunately, due to the lack of exposure as part of the month we're only able to quit 31 regular samples, while the south milltown wrote a request for approvals and the remaining 66 samples and reflect on the join the line lily's know valley ophelia one thing a new site quadrangles.
Dane VanDervoort: So from these symbols 100 individual records were collected from various steps within Sol Sol profile in order to have they're already contents, you can play in lies, but usgs in a laboratory.
Dane VanDervoort: So as of right now all 100 samples have been prepare our way to the shipment the usgs and they get you were expecting the results of the analysis come back sometime probably the summer.
Dane VanDervoort: This project currently has an expected completion date of September 16 for this year.
Dane VanDervoort: And we anticipate having both agenda compliant do you watch master geopolitical available for download on just a natural minerals what age.
Dane VanDervoort: Shortly thereafter.
Dane VanDervoort: Okay, so during the pre 19 fiscal year the geological survey of Alabama also computer critical minerals data preservation under priority three.
Dane VanDervoort: that's 180 critical data preservation or in GG DPP.
Dane VanDervoort: Those not familiar the GDP, the usgs initiative that we as preserving the nation's geoscience, but such as your calculator geologic map data in journals information.
Dane VanDervoort: and research.
Dane VanDervoort: objective of the ged program was to help identify, in other words, is central Oregon where I critical notebook serious using existing data manipulation to published and unpublished agency series reports Max.
Dane VanDervoort: So that among the GSA.
Dane VanDervoort: 43 project goals were to build a database of albums criminals information using data from our existing published agency series reports in that you scan your reference and Meta data point five of the resource paths that contain personal data can be used in a digital system.
Dane VanDervoort: For the first part of our 43 father, did you say both to develop a database meditating records for 3000 individual data increase some information collected from agencies system Middles and publications over by the end of this project we're able to database, a total of 4418 unique.
Dane VanDervoort: To the criminals it clicked over the course this project required the careful examination of over 125 separate survey series or this data was compiled into a spreadsheet prior to button usgs.
Dane VanDervoort: This database included site specific information such as site name and location.
Dane VanDervoort: commodity and potential commodities.
Dane VanDervoort: Production status and freshmen out where they will say development information were available.
Dane VanDervoort: Most formation and resource information were available fully complete agency reference information in any other additional relevant geological data.
Dane VanDervoort: So upon completion of this course of the project surveys critical mineral database is uploaded to the usgs national visual catalog.
Dane VanDervoort: We also have a database available for download on your surveys.
Dane VanDervoort: Surveys elements non-fuel minerals webpage.
Dane VanDervoort: This is the finger on the left is matt melvin show notifications of the critical critical minerals data capture over the course the GSA career recruit project.
Dane VanDervoort: And figure on the right isn't that valve image from vocational all the minerals data that's currently available in the usgs mineral resources data system.
Dane VanDervoort: On a superficial level GSA database.
Dane VanDervoort: appears very similar to the usgs the same ideas, however GSA database differs from the Marty isn't several substantial ways First they might be SEC being systematically updated since 2011 and as such as complete.
Dane VanDervoort: In addition, they marked as complete contains redundant data often has missing or a quick reference information prior to possibly have difficulty Commission.
Dane VanDervoort: GSA is critical mental database approves on the market for writing were available resource production values and reserve estimates say site development data.
Dane VanDervoort: and other detailed information and putting associated commodities commodities post prohibition and restrictions peripheral information other relevant analytical data, moreover, the DSS database captures much more.
Dane VanDervoort: Much more of a mental data than what's currently available in the US, yes, Mr DS.
Dane VanDervoort: Okay, so the second part of the priority project did you say proposed to scan G a reference right FTC compliant metadata for 25 years and counting middle resource mass that contain critical minerals data.
Dane VanDervoort: And so, while these men it's maybe a bit older they're the highest level of detail that we currently have available for many parts state, in addition, they also capture important critical minerals data.
Dane VanDervoort: Such as then, current and historical mine location information is also in simple location information in four counties that are no longer accessible.
Dane VanDervoort: So, by the end of this project, actually scan your reference right motivated pitch five of the surveys kind of little ones which ones you kind of course we're able to scan and you reference the next four or shown in green in the picture on the right.
Dane VanDervoort: So upon completion of this course of the program that you reference machines were uploaded the usgs.
Dane VanDervoort: map database or ag MTV.
Dane VanDervoort: And the energy of visual kettle.
Dane VanDervoort: soon I hope happen.
Dane VanDervoort: Soon, have Max available for download on the GSA geospatial data webpage.
Dane VanDervoort: So, in closing you'd like your knowledge with the usgs national cooperative us mapping program and national geological geophysical data presentation Program.
Dane VanDervoort: for providing funding to help support these projects were fair thing for us usgs result communities, and we look forward to continuing to work them on future critical minerals related projects.
Dane VanDervoort: So i'd like to thank everyone for attending my talks if you have any questions about you please reach out to me directly from the contact information senior Thank you.
Arthur Merschat: Thank you, Dan excellent i'm talking.
Arthur Merschat: Really, a lot of work by the Alabama geological survey to detect critical minerals, we do have another question with from from our group here at me has another question i'll again unmute him to to let him ask you the question.
Anthony Boxleiter: In Great presentation this is.
Anthony Boxleiter: Anthony and.
Anthony Boxleiter: i'll reserve a comment, it sounds like there was a lot of work that you folks put in to investigating some of those regolith potential occurrences for earth element in Richmond and the eastern part of the state.
Anthony Boxleiter: And, did you did you folks get a chance to also look at you know some of the the weathering products in the cemetery deposits of southeast Alabama does the non a flyer you know kale ends in weathering products.
Dane VanDervoort: No, we haven't you know we're, like many of the surveys were just kind of stretched thin on manpower here and so.
Dane VanDervoort: There does look like there's probably some potential there we just that's not a priority right now we've got.
Dane VanDervoort: You know a lot of work going on evaluation statement stuff and you know i'm really me me and my colleague john are the ones that are taking care of experimental stuff and we're just kind of bogged down in the Piedmont stuff right now so um.
Dane VanDervoort: We know there's potential there and it's something we'd like to look into we're just can't get to it, right now, unfortunately.
Anthony Boxleiter: Thank you.
Tom.
Arthur Merschat: Yes, and yeah any other questions for Dane, and the other thing I guess for for both nor and we're coming up on our discussion bit here too, so we now have about 10 minutes for discussion will start up the next talk at 1020.
Arthur Merschat: So we can really have a other questions for Dane, but hopefully we will work here either you can somehow raise your name i'm gonna go ahead and you know, hopefully, will unmute unmute.
Arthur Merschat: Jane and Nora so they can also ask in and just either somehow type the question or give me a thumbs up or give us a thumbs up and we'll unmute you and let you ask any questions anyone else cuz I think it's been some really interesting great start to the session so.
Arthur Merschat: If if there any other questions I see mark has a question for for Dane, so let me go, let me go and pull mark out here.
mark carter: yeah i'm God.
Arthur Merschat: All right, thank you mark.
mark carter: i'm just trying to still learn zoom hey Dave.
mark carter: You mentioned that.
mark carter: The GSA has borehole data available for purchase.
mark carter: Could you talk a little bit more about that how many what's the price for those How would we go about communicating with you.
Dane VanDervoort: yeah i'm not.
Dane VanDervoort: I don't believe I mentioned, I think we might have some some geophysical data available to the oil and gas board but i'm honestly that's the lot of my wheelhouse that I can definitely reach out to people there to get some information for you mark but.
Dane VanDervoort: yeah must be working with all.
Dane VanDervoort: Sir okay all right yeah.
Dane VanDervoort: So i'm sorry.
mark carter: No that's fine I just.
mark carter: With the oil and gas.
Dane VanDervoort: Okay, our energy group might have some of that stuff to you, they kind of folks on the call, but I can definitely get you in contact with with people that have that information.
mark carter: Just the general interest.
mark carter: different States handle their their borehole databases differently.
mark carter: And of course I think there's a there's a effort now to.
mark carter: create a national borehole database and just interested to know how how GSA would funnel yours information into that.
mark carter: What is the general general question, you can chat later.
Dane VanDervoort: yeah I mean, I think there are plans to to.
Dane VanDervoort: make all that stuff available digitally but i'm i'm just i'm not 100% positive on it to.
Dane VanDervoort: You Sir.
Arthur Merschat: So that's good so with all these the sampling on the regal is from the different greiner towards have you all found some that are have significant.
Arthur Merschat: You know interest either for errors or anything else, it was a bit of a surprise from some of the sampling geochemistry or may tie in what what would nora's looked at with liberty hill or the Stuart Stuart so please.
Dane VanDervoort: yeah I mean honestly, you know with everything that's happened last year with coven and stuff you know we lost a significant chunk of our field time and so we're kind of a little bit.
Dane VanDervoort: I don't say we're behind schedule, but we're a little bit you know we are a little bit on so we still haven't gotten any of that stuff since the usgs so i'm not really sure what kind of.
Dane VanDervoort: What kind of information it's going to show us yet so you know.
Dane VanDervoort: nobody's really looked at at stuff yet down here, and most of the grain it's just us for dimension stone or crushed down so.
Dane VanDervoort: it's completely new so we're excited to see the results that we have because.
Dane VanDervoort: You know we've gotten a plethora of minerals down here and so hoping to maybe kind of revitalize that are reinvigorate that industry to definitely is it.
Dane VanDervoort: Was with you have a question.
Elizabeth Bollen (she/her): Yes, hiding.
Elizabeth Bollen (she/her): Great talk awesome good job, thank you um question have you so on the note of no you don't have any data yet and yeah this year was.
Elizabeth Bollen (she/her): A long long struggle for a lot of us in many regards Have you looked at anything sections, or maybe even just grains under the microscope just to get an idea of what might be in some of these.
Dane VanDervoort: I haven't honestly I haven't you know we were.
Dane VanDervoort: Waiting right for any better graphic work in the in the grant or anything like that, and so.
Dane VanDervoort: Yes, we don't we don't have any that.
Dane VanDervoort: playable Unfortunately I mean.
Elizabeth Bollen (she/her): There might be some floating around and just just for comparison reason we get the data back.
Dane VanDervoort: For sure.
Elizabeth Bollen (she/her): For sure be nice to know what was in the original.
Dane VanDervoort: Project, you know i've got.
Dane VanDervoort: You know we've got stuff that we collected during our roadmap.
Dane VanDervoort: mapping that we go back and look at i've got to reach out to Dr totem Pole, to see if we can get a hold all that stuff so.
Dane VanDervoort: You know, we had the digital database already within our you know.
Dane VanDervoort: With an hour.
Dane VanDervoort: I guess, personally, I just have a copy my john had a puppy is like how to copy first.
Dane VanDervoort: gives an easy easy easy launching point I guess mapping stuff so.
Arthur Merschat: me myself, yes, so again everyone else do you have, there are also other questions still for nor and also for James.
Arthur Merschat: Sorry for the broader thing of MRI within their talks to needed, we also have five minutes now to kind of ask any other questions to them as well.
Arthur Merschat: Jane Jane off the hook some for some of the.
questions.
Jane: And this is Jane I just I did have a question for Dana.
Dane VanDervoort: Yes.
Jane: So that was a great talk, I just wanted to say.
Jane: how important it is these updated database is the fact that Mr DS has been sitting stagnant as a personal pet peeve of mine and we're.
Jane: we're trying to do something about it, we don't need another Mr DS but we're looking at ways that we can use smart technology and get into these other databases and get what we need.
Jane: It looks like we're going to have to be doing actual mineral resource assessments for a lot of these critical minerals at the usgs and the next couple years.
Jane: And we're going to really need that cleaned up data, so my one question is how much did you do in terms of checking locations and updating locations of stuff that was in Mr DS when you cleaned up your database.
Dane VanDervoort: as well, unfortunately, an Alabama the standard.
Dane VanDervoort: method of locating yourself as the pls or pls.
Dane VanDervoort: Okay, everything was quarter mile quarter mile and we got it down to a quarter mile was as close as we could get so there is some error within that still.
Dane VanDervoort: You know, unfortunately, a lot of these sites just don't exist anymore so.
Dane VanDervoort: we're actually going in ground truth in them.
Dane VanDervoort: Is would be pretty difficult.
Dane VanDervoort: So there is a you know some error in that, but.
Dane VanDervoort: yeah just based off what we keep the information we could get from what we had available.
Dane VanDervoort: So.
Jane: Well, thanks, a lot, you know, this information will be used.
Dane VanDervoort: yeah what's up you know we there's an abundance of data that we have available, you know and we're trying to make it available to the public, so.
Jane: that's great Thank you.
Arthur Merschat: So, I guess, we have about one minute left, so I guess we'll go ahead and.
mark carter: you're.
Arthur Merschat: like this oh mark, yes, yes.
mark carter: I got it just to follow up on that game, are you all using lidar to verify some of these.
mark carter: pits and holes, for your Mr DS and are you adding to that I guess i've found through geologic mapping with a lot or now that it's an invaluable resource where Virginia North Carolina has one X on the map for prospect you look at the log or you suddenly see 20.
mark carter: will be using that.
Jane: The US, yes, we have not but that's a great thing you know, sometimes or nobody's actually cleaning up Mr DS right now, but in terms of looking for new sites, a lot of times we.
Jane: You know, we use like Google earth kinds of things, but yeah.
Jane: Our us man project has systematically digitized all the mine related features off the top of graphic maps and that came out not too long ago, so that would be a great tool to use in conjunction with the lidar thanks for bringing that up there'll be a great project.
Dane VanDervoort: yeah and we unfortunately don't have full lidar coverage for the Piedmont.
Dane VanDervoort: So we haven't been able to verify.
Dane VanDervoort: Everything yet through lidar, but there are plans see once we have that data available so.
mark carter: it's time consuming but it's watering watering watering.
Arthur Merschat: Okay, thank you all for the discussion so we'll have two more periods of this again.
Arthur Merschat: we've hit 1020 so I guess we're i'm a will kind of begin with our next talk and I guess we'll kind of switch over some with with our little session cheers that tired us out as well, so i'll pass it over to north, so thank you all.
Nora Foley: i'm great alright, so the next talk is.
Nora Foley: up on the schedule is what's going to be presented by Andy Shaw who's sharing her screen right now.
Nora Foley: The title of the talk is from the Piedmont, to the Atlantic Ocean, titanium draconian rare earth elements heavy mineral stand deposits my high resolution airborne radio metric data and angie has joined on this talk with by Robbie morrow Michael pace Scott Harris and bill door.
Anji Shah: Okay, thanks, nor Okay, can you see my screen and hear me just fine.
Anji Shah: yep okay so i'm going to chat about imaging having mineral sand deposit using airborne chief physical Dana and, before I start I do want to briefly acknowledge my co authors, without them, none of this could have been done.
Anji Shah: So a brief review what are heavy mineral deposits and we have an example from a modern beach that shown on the left, where you see dark sand separated from light sounds and that's because the dark sounds very are denser and, in general, what happens is you'll have the perhaps marine.
Anji Shah: Processes flavio title orioli and processes that will rework or work unconsolidated settlements and separate them by.
Anji Shah: density or also shape and size as well.
Anji Shah: And that sorting can work to concentrate minerals of interest at that if they're high end of grade and overlarge area they become economic.
Anji Shah: plaster deposits, can be a number of different minerals, you can have gold, diamonds chin and in the southeastern us.
Anji Shah: There are numerous foster deposits, they go all the way from southern New Jersey to northern Florida, and there are the key elements of interest are titanium rare earth elements and so konya.
Anji Shah: Now, all three of these have been mined in the Atlantic from the Atlantic coast uplifting at some point in time and all three of these are considered critical mineral resources, so they are interested or them are on.
Anji Shah: So in this talk i'm going to focus on two specific questions that we can address with geophysical data.
Anji Shah: One of them is, what are the most common geologic features associated with these deposits, and this has direct relations to deposit formation, but it can also be very useful for exploration.
Anji Shah: A second question is, what are the provenance and pathways of heavy metals before they reach the resting spots as deposits, and this can have implications for the composition of the heavy metals assemblage.
Anji Shah: So we do know a little bit about provenance and very generally speaking.
Anji Shah: These deposits that are in the Atlantic coast of plane here shown in green orange and yellow have their sources in the Piedmont and blue Ridge metamorphic.
Anji Shah: rocks King James and blue and some early work is focused on some of the flood warnings of major rivers and they're all based on mineralogy.
Anji Shah: And what people found was that the minerals represented a wide variety Piedmont provinces.
Anji Shah: And this makes sense because you can imagine that a lot of these major rivers new traverse doesn't sort of perhaps over 100 kilometers in the Piedmont.
Anji Shah: And they wrote numerous different types of minerals on their pathway down to the admin and posted plane.
Anji Shah: You know, when you get away from the major servers we find it's a little bit simpler when you're close to the false zone and basically having minerals seem to resemble the adjacent.
Anji Shah: Piedmont rock that's next to them when you get further away from the Piedmont, I mean get closer to the post, it becomes a bit more complicated and again the minerals tend to be much more varied and pathways and provenance are just really not working at all.
Anji Shah: So what can geophysics tell us well it's been known for decades that radio metric data can be used to highlight shallow plaster deposits and by shallow I mean within the upper one meter and that's just.
Anji Shah: The nature of the method, the channel of interest historian and the relation to having no Sam deposits, is going to be the forum in mama site.
Anji Shah: So the United States has been serving with airborne ranger metric data, this was done in the 1970s it's much older equipment and the mind space is very wide three to 10 kilometers.
Anji Shah: And with this data, what we can get is very broad brush areas of where plaster deposits are likely to be present but there's a lot of information that we can't get.
Anji Shah: Well, we were lucky to get a series of to airborne geophysical surveys in South Carolina over the Atlantic coastal plain.
Anji Shah: And the history of these is kind of interesting and actually started with an interest in earthquake houses in charleston charleston seismic zone.
Anji Shah: So earthquake health hazards is ready to fund a survey, but it was recognized about the importance of having all sounds so we're able to get collaborative input from other programs that usgs geologic napping minimal resources and, of course, or them online.
Anji Shah: Now, with these two surveys, we now have very first High resolution airborne radio metric survey covering the United States Atlantic mostly plane and resource available for public use.
Anji Shah: And with these two servings we've gone from the Piedmont, all the way to the Atlantic Ocean, so this gives us a source to sink transcend, which is a very unique and new data set that we've just never have before so without further ado, this is that combined data set from.
Anji Shah: And to the right I rotated the map, so that the Piedmont, and the Northwest is at the top of the map and on that separated by that little white line there at the bottom of the mountain have the Atlantic Ocean in the southeast.
Anji Shah: And here, you can see there's a tremendous amount of detail here that just was never visible in the.
Anji Shah: 1970s, learn data that if you look at this, the first thing you might want to do is divide this up into three areas.
Anji Shah: Really, according to the upper middle and low post a plane, where the upper coastal plain shows a number of very broad, for this is the authority and channel.
Anji Shah: shows broad flooring highs the middle coastal plain is a little bit lower but you do see anomalies more rivers and the lower coastal plain is very complex.
Anji Shah: Now i'm going to focus a lot of talk of the top of the lower coastal plain because that's the data set we have first and we've had some time to look at it.
Anji Shah: So here is that data set.
Anji Shah: And you can see, again, we have some very complex patterns here So the first thing that one wants to do and data set is to do get some ground truth look at the geologic data in particular samples now because of coven.
Anji Shah: Unfortunately we were not able to do field work, but fortunately rob Williams and his colleagues have been doing field work in this area for many years.
Anji Shah: And they had over 100 auger samples in the area and from those are simple thing the visual estimates of heaven will sound content.
Anji Shah: And those samples here the red dots show areas that are more abundant in having them all sounds and having them all.
Anji Shah: And it's not a perfect correlation but it's pretty good and it shows that yeah the Florida monopolies almost certainly do represent having mental sand deposits, and so we can move forward with that as an interpretation.
Anji Shah: The next thing we can do is go to the existing geologic NAPs and what you see on the left is a composite numerous geologic maps that have been colored according to faces.
Anji Shah: So here the tam represents sounds and the brick represents clays and to the right you see them the foreign anomalies and you'll see there's a few similarities, so there seems to be some relation between the heavy minerals and faces.
Anji Shah: And we can go a little bit further with that using our GIs tools, and here I cheated out everything except the sand units and what you see now is that over the sands, we have these very localized Boreal anomalies.
Anji Shah: And they're very linear and there are some of the higher and longings within this part of the circle, but again they're very localized you're receiving parts of units.
Anji Shah: Then you can compare that to the place in the months and that's on the right, where.
Anji Shah: we're only showing shown pleasing much and you see the the anomalies are much more distributed and their lower overall here in this color map the heat map the yellow is highest.
Anji Shah: So that's interesting and then we can actually quantify that by calculating statistics of the forum of the area and to the right.
Anji Shah: To left we've got mean values and to the right and that stillness that stillness shows our localization and what we see is that in the sands, who have a lot more mobilization of anomalies.
Anji Shah: But what's interesting left to feel that the main values the turns out that means for the clay's muds are very comparable to the sounds.
Anji Shah: So what this suggests is that in those finer grain settlements, we do have have minerals present but they just are not localized and they're not concentrated.
Anji Shah: One note if you're looking at the statistics and you see something strange and the Holocene it's important to recognize that the finer grained settlements are in these.
Anji Shah: areas that have been flooded and water does the APP and the review metrics signals so that's why those values, a little bit different.
Anji Shah: So we can learn a little bit more by looking at these novels in detail and by draping them over live on data.
Anji Shah: And so now i'm from this receive that you have for him anomalies in the sand areas and they're usually associated with the shift.
Anji Shah: And this is actually very consistent with what's been observed from sampling extensive sampling in Georgia and Florida on trail rich and also in eastern Australia and some of the.
Anji Shah: quarter environments over there, and another thing the most i've marked them with an engineer is that you've got some areas where you.
Anji Shah: Were there have been multiple episodes of me working and those also shows very hard for values.
Anji Shah: And here's another part of the survey, where you see much of the same, we have various that have been reworked multiple times they chance to show what we interpret as.
Anji Shah: sand concentrations, so this tells us a bit about the formulation really shows the importance of those marine processes on in a high energy, environment, that really works those heaven will sans, whereas in.
Anji Shah: St mary's we have much lower energy, environment and the heavy Liberals tend to be more distributed.
Anji Shah: i'll just put a note the another place, that we do observe our high dorian is within such a floodplain again there's a tremendous amount of detail here but i'm not going to get into but I did want to show that image.
Anji Shah: So next we can look at potassium, and this will have implications for sedimentary provenance so when we look at the potassium that the first thing is, we see this big wall over charleston.
Anji Shah: This high area and you'll also see some sort of linear Spikes come out of charleston and the suburbs and that can be attributed to potassium minerals in concrete.
Anji Shah: And this is well known that potassium will often reflect on urban areas so that can be a little bit of a distraction so i'm going to shape that out.
Anji Shah: And then we see the MIT primary two areas where we see potassium anomalies or the sanity river floodplain and also interesting the younger formations those that are closest to the coast.
Anji Shah: And we can quantify this and, in particular with the look at potassium as a function of age, we find that, as you increase age you decrease potassium.
Anji Shah: Now, potassium minerals are primarily going to be potassium fells far and my goes, and those are known to be immature.
Anji Shah: imagery minerals that are which tells us we have minerals that were recently awarded from the keyboard.
Anji Shah: So if we see amateur minerals within the santee will reflect and that's actually not surprised me because the sandy river does traverse almost 400 kilometers in keep on.
Anji Shah: But what is interesting also is where we see these in the younger for nations, so we can say Okay, well, we have potassium younger formations and announce those.
Anji Shah: Those sentiments age, the potassium is reached and don't see them, but how do we get these immature settlements, to the modern coastline, when the Piedmont is over 100 kilometers away.
Anji Shah: And that's that's going to be the next question So the first thing we can do is look at the data and saying is there a path that well, it probably comes from the santee is there a path.
Anji Shah: And so zooming in a little bit on potassium over live art or near the santee river.
Anji Shah: Well, we can see that there are a few on tributaries from sanity believers are circled and white, where we do see potassium anomalies and there the potassium is transported all of about 10 kilometers.
Anji Shah: However, if we look at the younger formations there's a real disconnect with the potassium in the sand river so of land pathway just doesn't seem feasible you starts with the status suggest.
Anji Shah: What we need is really the offshore mechanism, and if we zoom out and go back to some of the Mary data we can start to see this so here I.
Anji Shah: Am a broader scale, if we look at the major reverse that train from the people, the PD sentences.
Anji Shah: We do see potassium anomalies, but we also see is that we see these potassium anomalies and younger formations go all the way from the PD river down to more than Florida, so this is a regional phenomenon.
Anji Shah: And to get that transport, you probably need something like long short transport as hard working model is that these.
Anji Shah: immature settlements are first eroded from the Piedmont transported by these major reverse to off shortened areas, and this will go over this will continue during both transgressions and regressions their reworked by.
Anji Shah: By the currents and then redeposited on shore, so this is sort of an interesting halfway through us postal sort of quarterly sounds.
Anji Shah: Okay next i'm just going to briefly touch upon some of the primary observations we see in the upper coastal areas again we've only started working on this for a couple weeks, so this is really brand new stuff.
Anji Shah: So i'm going to focus in on the cherry on top, and here what i've done is i've trimmed out everything that's that's in board of the falls on.
Anji Shah: The boundary Piedmont an outboard of the Orange bowl spark so truly looking it up and posted flame i've also changed the color scale little bit So you can see where these.
Anji Shah: Were these for him and long as you're concentrating and the first thing that we see is when you do a number of comparisons to the geologic maps is, and this is even at the more local scales that they're primarily associated with cretaceous sediments.
Anji Shah: And that is consistent with what has been described in the geologic maps, because the number of.
Anji Shah: heavy metals within cretaceous segments we don't really see that corresponds to face, and so what we do below booster flame.
Anji Shah: So it's a big difference it's much more age women another thing, though that's interesting is in the Congo River floodplain have numerous having minerals, have been absorbed but we don't see boring monotonous there.
Anji Shah: And the reason for that is probably because we're dealing with a bit of a swamp in the area and the areas very moist and that water can give them the reading metric signature.
Anji Shah: Now i'm going to focus in on this one little area over to the east and that's the dolls oh quadrangle.
Anji Shah: Where we have some interesting exceptions that to the left i've got a geologic map which has been obviously colored by each here the blues cretaceous.
Anji Shah: purple is pill eugene and peach is five singing yellows are turning to the right is.
Anji Shah: Radio metric data and the white lines show the outlines of the geologic units and i've written in.
Anji Shah: Some of the ages of new settlements so here, even again in the local scale you do see that the cretaceous settlements, do you have strong the models and then the Paleo gene.
Anji Shah: Basically paleocene eocene settlements, which will deposited on top of those older cretaceous settlements on show rating metric loans now those sentiments are very poorly sorted.
Anji Shah: So they really haven't been reworked and so we expect that's why we don't see heavies but what's interesting now is, then, if you get to the biasing marked by n ke we start to see rating metric eyes again and the idea is perhaps these.
Anji Shah: biasing settlements, they might have reworked some of the cretaceous settlements and then concentrated heaven was there.
Anji Shah: So we're seeing this sort of later reworking of segments, and then the core ternary sudden it stoped show much at all.
Anji Shah: Another interesting exception is again, you see, these three areas with Patricia settlements, but now, if you look south of the conquering of mostly eocene settlements and those also sure waiting on truck tires and we're trying to learn more about that.
Anji Shah: One question is could those have been reworked perhaps from the heavy minerals in the Congo me and then another area where you see.
Anji Shah: younger settlements with higher is along the banks of the forks of the State over and you see this and also also in some of the tributaries to the hungry, where, again, we probably have reworking of settlements, and this is ongoing work.
Anji Shah: Okay, so i'm just going to write up a summary I don't know how many training is.
Anji Shah: But basically, some of the key take home, so that word coastal plain we see thorium highs associated with heavy mineral concentrations in these linear zones over sandwiches we probably, and this is probably due to rework and buy new processes.
Anji Shah: We multiple phases, can lead to more concentrations within clays and runs the story of anomalies and more distributed.
Anji Shah: With a lower energy, environment, the rivers originating in the Piedmont are probably important source of having minerals.
Anji Shah: And will supply them to some of these sandwiches which suggests will probably have a lot of diversity in heaven mineral sandwich in our coastal plain.
Anji Shah: offer coastal plain again that's really just brand new work in progress, but we seem to see an association cretaceous settle and settle we want later on.
Anji Shah: Thanks.
Nora Foley: Thanks angie angie that was fantastic talk and really spectacular maps.
Nora Foley: We may have time for just one quick question before we move on to the next speaker if there's anything in the chat box game.
Dane VanDervoort: There are no questions in the chat.
Dane VanDervoort: Right now.
Arthur Merschat: This one.
Arthur Merschat: Is from Horton do sandy rams of the Carolina base have thorium anomalies.
Anji Shah: Actually, the Carolina bs seem to be pretty low in thorium.
Anji Shah: The most and, in fact, most of the areas where we see you Carolina boys are pretty low in the body or yes.
Anji Shah: I haven't looked specifically at the one, but you know.
Anji Shah: That you know very interesting talk we're gonna move on to the next talk and i'm sure there'll be more questions in the chat box, at a time we get to the general session thanks angie.
Nora Foley: um alright, so our next speaker up is mark Carter he's going to speak on the geology of the cherry hill seven and a half minute quadrangle in Virginia and he's joined on this presentation by Adam karst.
Nora Foley: See see burn burn quest Stephen Schindler Benjamin weinman and Ryan mcaleer.
Nora Foley: Go ahead mark if you want to share your screen and get started.
mark carter: Well i'm sorry.
mark carter: yeah okay so obviously there's something wrong with way i'm doing this, so i'm going to try another way.
mark carter: yeah can you call in.
mark carter: But no i'm just going to kind of run this thing, as it is, of what I was trying to do, run a run a video, but obviously are picking up the sound off of that video so i'm just going to run the run the slide set off.
mark carter: Beginning so, can you all see my screen.
Nora Foley: We see the geology of the cherry hill seven a half minute quadrangle Virginia.
mark carter: I know right, you can hear me okay.
Nora Foley: Everyone else.
Arthur Merschat: There we can hear you a.
Arthur Merschat: little bit marks.
Arthur Merschat: wow screens are good.
mark carter: I do not have very.
mark carter: Long so we'll just do.
mark carter: My co authors not days in new detail mapping on the cherry hills and then half the ordering in Virginia this work is a collaboration between the usps national for logic mapping program fed map component and the Virginia department of management roles and energy.
mark carter: In part, yes.
mark carter: intent of the earth, Mr our program is to leverage existing relationship between the usda and private industry to conduct state of the art geologic maddie.
mark carter: The cherry quadrangle straddles the ozone and from Virginia coastal plain strategies and P mark basement off to the West, the quadrangle is important because heavy abundant living minerals were extensively mind here in previous decades, mostly for tonight and Zurich on by an inquiry.
mark carter: Over pots and coastal plain sediments which they occur, we know comparatively little about Piedmont basement rocks other than what's on the 1993 state geologic for Virginia under 500,000.
mark carter: It was for this reason that in 2018 the usgs map program staked a new project footprint in this area, with the goal to produce seamless geologic maps along the Virginia North Carolina border.
mark carter: To address several societal issues facing this region, including medical resource exploration and geologic hazards, including earthquake hazards.
mark carter: The quadrennial also falls within the beginning of DM in the state map.
mark carter: became one of several vm me earth him or I told you know research does a detailed geologic actually come.
mark carter: To the project to build on going forward.
mark carter: Thanks.
mark carter: So i'm going to try to go back one.
mark carter: having difficulty doing.
mark carter: All right.
mark carter: Having issues.
mark carter: Right, so that was pretty bad, so I should be right here with this one.
mark carter: from current slide Okay, our primary focus for geologic mapping in this quadrant was more rock specifically looks good news money along the way, river.
mark carter: Core door and the 2019 field season northward into the blogger, and likewise the results from their work and again woody terrain your Petersburg in Richmond.
mark carter: July or October, oh no brackets terrain 670 million year old metal volcanic rocks included by 525 to 10 million year old cells that make futons.
mark carter: To the North or rocks are beginning to rain neoproterozoic details look chesnutt impolite middle paleozoic Meta grant towards and late paleozoic granted Petersburg baffling.
mark carter: We also want it to further define the role was faulting in the Piedmont from our work on the night away river, we discovered a previously unrecognized strand these from Piedmont system that separates rock'n'roll dinwiddie terrain that we call the Nada way river full zoom.
mark carter: It is over printed by younger cat of clay site map young cheerio quadrangle would allow us to explore the relationship between these.
Nora Foley: faults and Piedmont basin.
mark carter: And well documented soon as our faults that were uncovered in the evening mineral mines, lastly, just quick word about math instruction in addition to boots on the ground geologic mapping, we also compile data from several extremely valuable resources, the.
mark carter: story of cutting usgs for home eat out for home data private industry days of consistent boreholes that record after dead rock and data from old feel sheets from bumpy and usgs folks who work in this area in the past.
mark carter: let's start by stripping away the coastal plain look at Piedmont basement not only this quarter and all on a jumpy much rain and amazing for and boundary.
mark carter: rocks are the roanoke rapids terrain PR in the southwest part of the floor during a little hanging was not a way home zoom on Monday terrain occur in the northeast as the football.
mark carter: Which within default zone or block grant.
mark carter: knows the default is West dipping with a shallow South London mineral stretch radiation that up to the north.
mark carter: rainbow made mobile discoveries roanoke rapids consists mostly of belson natick mechanic rocks include an order basalt.
mark carter: These rocks or metamorphose more green shoes to epidemic and civilized bases, the timing of that men are more business still unknown.
mark carter: We assume that the doctor defamation and the not away rumor fault zone is late paleozoic as long other false and Eastern Piedmont fault system add to that.
mark carter: Thanks to the fault with evidence for only one cleavage over printing primary batting.
mark carter: Last week, lastly, from a regional view or working alone and not away river indicated that the entire roanoke rapids Stream is folded into an origin scale sinful and that the highest grade rocks are on the western flank and the lowest grade rocks for structure.
mark carter: Be from the same destination, an inspiration to be allegheny so to confirm have on sampling the medicine that stone for the title work on analysis with the black involved zone really recon.
mark carter: To chronology using the technique and polished in sections promoters like work with university of Massachusetts To date, the defamation, thanks to the pandemic we basically shut down for this work for the past year.
mark carter: We do have ever had new to your project results for the DEMO the terrain, the Foster made.
mark carter: Jesus all a lot of way river falls zone, the predecessor cons from the same rock and rich data maximum definitional age of about these cambrian better graphic analysis indicates this.
mark carter: latest during ductile defamation alone, and not a waiver fault zone.
mark carter: we've also dated affiliated with granted point near Richmond be between 420 and 400 million years old, but we still don't know the exact timing of the defamation in those rocks some of this work on data show katie and metamorphosis and about 375 million years ago.
mark carter: The age of the youngest branded on the quadrangle is now well established from the sample just north on the adjacent wit quadrangle and fripp analysis shows this brand it through a personalized about 321 million years ago.
mark carter: We assigned both the ECHO granular and porphyria Granite to the southern do with Sutherland pluto's the Petersburg.
mark carter: Do server locally with may either be primary magnetic layering or early elegant tectonics over print.
mark carter: Now to tell my students are this product earlier Sandra and rubio marine environments throughout the fall zone of Virginia these settlements are subdivided into two.
mark carter: Scores even the broad rock far as a service by seeing bain capital formation Western bar is the planting Cathy part of which may lower.
mark carter: Along the Western age of the quadrant or managing the ordinary movil tears deposits that are equivalent to the coastal plain deposits further things.
mark carter: Is the coastal plain units Western the broadwalk scarf to 25 let's see.
mark carter: Lisa haven over posits refers covered in the late 1980s conventional view held at tertiary sand and gravel of the plan is shown in the 1990s hosting a dinner, for instance, for the upcoming movie of the tank equivalent to the down to yorktown formation.
mark carter: assignment carry through to the end of the 1990s in Berlin 2000 and romeo's 2006 published paper on the old hickory or deposits doesn't specifically say information links, but they do bracket he won the two wars loans to the missing pricing Chesapeake group.
mark carter: By the end of the decade wings and others, and specifically assigned these deposits, to the yorktown information and the overlying one river formation and, most recently referral list and others have proposed an informal name for this package therefore Barber.
mark carter: Because mapping is still playing through this process.
mark carter: For them ah definitely steep know how the newly proposed cold harbor formation relates to the twang river bullshit law and about the same graphic interval above the yorktown.
mark carter: Simply assign to unnamed university abroad rock star to the upper chest group within the progression of the spread of refugees in the mass text.
mark carter: Or the or deposits, I refer you to the work of new new new Romeo in 2010 format most important takeaways from their work.
mark carter: Is that one hidden minerals were packed concentrated in the upper Chesapeake group sediments by typical marine processes like long for drift.
mark carter: Hiving minerals for source from the Piedmont and blueberries basement rocks and that their spatial distribution and Upper coastal plain host settlements, we strongly.
mark carter: coastline.
mark carter: edge.
mark carter: Of these, the oldest deposits occur Western was born born within these the perfect thing for a spouse was for witnessing the ERIs in Virginia school with those are currently in western Australia, how we rocked me to knock out the valley and religious well.
mark carter: Their presence sentences apartments along the falls.
mark carter: erosion and transporter the rocks as class from the blue ranger across more to the coastal plain.
mark carter: problem in South side virginians know rivers actually handing the reins temperate these rocks from their source Newton Romeo a Paleo drainage system.
mark carter: They named the Paleo rather than a river and they proposed this system may carry hitting mineral sourced from the roseland titanium district in the bridge needed okay in the coastal plain the prices colitis bearing class on the board right angle, so this is.
mark carter: The class multiple recycled across the Piedmont is landscape of all from biasing to the question is critically important we understand sourcing better system, we continue to explore for market will be the minerals in your clothes.
mark carter: Also important better understanding of the faulting and the Piedmont.
mark carter: we've already noticed the other way root zone is structure, but it is over print it out an array of younger brittle fault, much like many other P paley's zones in the Piedmont, some of these younger brittle falls.
mark carter: into the overlying coastal plain cover for a metal phone structure originally named by rob wings for false observed in the loop of mind pits.
mark carter: and mapping shows that this is just keep it short cut offset by other false discovered during mapping These include this APP and creek system hardwood creek fall in the hair swamps as we.
mark carter: move on to the boardroom many of the younger brother falls and feed monitor recognized by meter stick zones and solidified clay site.
mark carter: These zones record multiple periods of validation injection for calcium and followed by sharing and retching ation course and wall wrong.
mark carter: Because they primarily consistent resistant course a whale actor easily trace cross country, and they also show them the lidar images is narrow but long linear rivers are there.
mark carter: That are interesting fact many cat besides loans are also lost with fair space and tools in any word prospect, lastly, many of these bolts on the same trends have a suggestion that defaulting began in the measures lower.
mark carter: But thanks to the hippie middle mining bustle node alton continue well into the Center Zoellick well there's no direct evidence in as specified by side with the array of the form because the plane settlements are mapping show that.
mark carter: was two point cover interstate also shows six variations in the cover that closely respond to the locations on the spot falls in the Piedmont.
mark carter: We speculated these loans branches and placings that mark defaults and covered in the pits probably run into the suicide chemical a site that let the cat clay sites are exposed in the Piedmont basement goes to plan for.
mark carter: We do see indirect evidence in the Piedmont, and also see it so i'm going to tears deposits and default movement lately interference, a screen capture that also control deposition May.
mark carter: Be also fighting stealing them and serious does still feel you know magnitude earthquake and we did find Holocene paley liquefaction features along the way, river.
mark carter: That our data here and in North Carolina coastal plain suggest major near surface fault movements seized by the earliest wise place to seem.
mark carter: So to summarize our new work on material quadrangle will not answering all questions certainly does add to our knowledge of island of knowledge to develop a viable geologic frame.
mark carter: of exploration for marketable the minerals better better folks to your fee in this region, and we continue to apply new methods to new technologies for mine that framework housing landscape evolution better understand the transporter TV minerals resources across the Piedmont.
mark carter: And of course understanding.
mark carter: is critical for many middle exploration to this last point was the hottest we.
mark carter: log.
mark carter: off.
mark carter: from which to the.
mark carter: mainframe boundaries brewery need those seven coming back know the relation between the ball over printing brittle structures and recognizing that the false.
mark carter: Positive law applies in coastline, we may be able to identify new target areas for future explorations specifically along the trend of another way we default to the southeast.
mark carter: Look now last in the last slide it was a very nice lot our slide showing a bleak view.
mark carter: Action one of the few questions if we have time.
Nora Foley: mark, thank you, that was an excellent talk and a very trying situations your slides are superb i'm looking forward to asking a couple.
Nora Foley: Questions I think at this point, though, unless there's a pressing question on Dane.
mark carter: In the chat box will move on to the next speaker so that we can try to.
Nora Foley: Stay a little bit on schedule is that all right is there one quick question thing.
Dane VanDervoort: I don't see any questions in the chat box right now most anyone Scott them directly to them.
Nora Foley: All right, great, but then we'll we'll move on to the next and then we'll hopefully have time at the end of this when we do the kind of overview session where we're going to talk a little bit about all four talks in this group.
mark carter: Alright, so.
Nora Foley: The next speaker is going to be.
Nora Foley: David schaefer and the title of the talk is occurrences of the rare earth elements in bauxite and kale and clays in the coastal plain of Georgia, and this presentation is co authored by Crawford Elliot and David I assume you're going to share your screen right now.
David: Yes, so can everyone hear me OK.
Nora Foley: I can hear you can everyone else.
brad.worley: Yes, yeah.
David: Okay, so.
David: i'm David i'm a recent masters graduate at Georgia state.
David: University, and this was my master's.
David: project, which is something of a retread of our first two presentations today, but a bear with me so obviously we're talking about the rare earth elements candy Atrium and the lat last night.
David: um there has been some mild exploration, especially about a century ago for rare earth elements in Georgia but we're going to be looking at a hypotheses generated by.
David: More recent exploration of these elements, as well as some of the work that I did i'm going to obviously talk about the methods and the occurrences that we found.
David: So we're mostly going to be looking at the fall line here that's where the state's Eastern kalan bell is and Dr Elliot my advisor he.
David: has been working on searching for rare earth elements in this kalan.
David: As other talks earlier today talked about in the luteal sub sediments in beach sans there's the heavy mineral sands, which are.
David: Also, a hot topic of conversation, but not much has been done in the box sites which are which coexist with the caitlin's typically so we're also going to be looking at those stay, along with the kalan in the fall line region.
David: So, once again, this is the fall line and we're basically going to be looking at arlington county or excuse me irvington and centerville area.
David: The irvington was where the main project site was for this project and.
David: A.
David: So we're trying to figure out.
David: What, how do we explain the enrichment so various elements in the caitlin's the the beach sand.
David: The box sites um there's kind of three hypotheses that we can go about this hypothesis one is there's an inheritance as and there's a heavy.
David: or excuse me there's various element minerals containing minerals that are embedded within either the clay's the box sites, obviously the heavy heavy mineral sands are H1 but we don't know for sure about.
David: The caitlin's in the box site, it could be hypothesis, to which is similar to what we see in China of ions or clays or there might be some combination of the two.
David: So this is a map of.
David: Generally we're where we did our work.
David: So i'll and i'll explain these samples in a minute, but our main site was here, where it says glassy clay and we also had a near bite site here, where it says box I.
David: um we have another kalan sample over here, where it says Eastern kalan and we also have a Mon as i'd sample and I will talk about each of those samples now and i'll come back to this map later for more discussion, but um.
David: So at our at our main sample size outside irvington we kind of had this rough strata graphic column of you have kalan glassy clay, which i'll talk about in a second bauxite and the more kalan.
David: So at this site there's what the miners they're called glassy clay, which is a kalan like clay, except when you hit it, it makes a much different sound it makes it glassy like sound when it breaks and a the miners had no use for this, they could not sell it for anything and.
David: So it was it was it's just a surplus material um and the box I they were beginning to sell as a box or which resides directly underneath this classic clay, and so we sampled the kale in the glassy clay, the box I in the kalan even underneath the box site.
David: The key to caitlin's at the sample site turned out to be I guess you could say on interesting in terms of rare earth elements, but the glassy clay in the box sites were in all obviously go into that in a minute.
David: uh and the kalan at the other Eastern site which I talked about here, and your deep step Georgia.
David: Did it turn out to be enriched also we wanted to see if there was an inheritance from mona's aight so we got a mono desired sample from further to the West and we're trying to see if there's kind of a Mon, as I belt throughout the state that might explain enrichment.
David: And lastly, we have a mind way sample from the processing of kalan at this site to see if being removed in a bunch of material that it might be then further enrich.
David: So this is what the glassy clay looks like it looks basically just like kalan slight color difference in once again a textural difference.
David: This is what our most desired sample looked like it was basically a black dirt coexisting in normal Georgia read soil.
David: It was found near the surface of the soil, probably about a foot below the surface um we're gonna be talking about to box i'd stay one is a basic piece elliptic box I in the second one is so at one of these mines nearby nearby from the main project site.
David: Their box, I was exposed at the at the surface, as they were reminding it and it underwent a weathering where it formed these columnar structures as a weathered away from I suppose acid rain um and we tested those and we found interesting results so i'll go into second so are.
David: Our methods, where we did whole rock chemistry via ICP Ms, and this was done with the help of activation laboratories and Ontario and we also did a mineral composition analysis with X Ray fraction in house.
David: So we found for the minerals via X RD the box sites had gifts like kale and i'd some annotation root Teal.
David: The eastern kalan had kayla and I, as one would assume courts annotate possibly Z lighter muscovite.
David: In finally in the glassy clay, we find kayla and I annotate routine and zero con which is indicative of hypothesis one having rare earth element bearing minerals zero con being one of those.
David: In in its composition so here's our main oxides for these elements, and we see here that the glassy clay as extraordinarily high enriched amounts, this is normalized to.
David: To upper continental press so when it says, like to hear that means like two times as much.
David: Say titanium but here we have about six way percent titanium, which is very odd considering the values for the other box sites and clays.
David: The mona's I also has a lot of titanium so we're not sure if there's a connection there the waist has a lot of iron and the box sites, of course, have high aluminum content but we're still seeing.
David: A kind of peek here in the titanium for the glass and clay, this is our trace elements i'm The one thing to note here's a ignore molybdenum for the waist because during the waist processing there's a.
David: molybdenum additive that's added for processing so kind of ignore that but we're seeing very high zero con and it's kind of twin element happening.
David: In the glassy clay, as well as the waist which as we'll see moving forward, has a very similar reached out to the classic clay.
David: um and so finally we're at are rare earth elements and we see a very interesting thing happening with the glassy clay, the ways.
David: And the peaceful idiot box I, which has a linear increase in enrichment from europium onwards getting to actually a pretty substantial enrichment and Liu for the glassy clay.
David: The columnar box, I, for whatever reason was the highest in scandium, which is, I believe the most valuable rare earth element, though it's enrichment isn't.
David: Extraordinary it's only about two times, and then we have Atrium which is typically seen as a heavy rare earth element also high in the.
David: In the samples that are high in the rest of the heavies you know europium onwards um, however, we see this kind of almost a bell curve for the Eastern kalan for the lights, and that is interesting because, as we found in the Mon, as it, as it has almost the same exact bell curve shape.
David: For the for the light elements and actually.
David: Having been even dwarfed here in the last few.
David: heavies.
David: But the one exception being European we're not entirely sure why we think that might be having to do with.
David: How Magna crystallizes during their process um.
David: But, so this is indicative of hypothesis, one that maybe there's some Mon, as I coexisting in the eastern kalan However, this isn't showing what our inheritance, it is for the glassy clay, the box I in the waist we're not sure where it's getting this enrichment from so going back to this.
David: We think that this blue band here this precambrian paleozoic biotech Nice, we think, because that's where we found the the Mon, as I did, that might be.
David: Where this mono design is occurring and sure enough basically upstream of our eastern kalan is the span, so we think that the Mon, as I is getting into at least some of the kalan belts kalan though this does not explain the.
David: glassy clean the boxing.
David: So just recapping kind of what i've gone over we found this unusual band that we're temporarily calling glassy clay.
David: In this show the highest rare earth elements are heavy rare earth element enrichment amongst all the samples that we found at extremely high titanium content.
David: In the waist which they are you know producing here is basically mirroring these results so even if there's not a lot of glasses clay they're essentially manufacturer in a slightly less potent glassy clay, through their ways processing.
David: How the calendar box, I once again had the highest scandium i'm in the kalan had a very similar light element light rare earth element curve to.
David: The mona's I, with the exception of europium zero calm was present in the glassy and waste samples, which is indicative of H1 though we still do not know where desert con is coming from.
David: And we still have yet to find any evidence of H2 ions option that's forthcoming.
David: analysis that we hope to do in the future, and we hope to do more testing of the mono site as well.
David: Just some quick acknowledgments Thank you to Georgia State University for the assistantship my advisor Dr Elliot and Lindsay Dan and Greg a any questions and also i'm unemployed and recently graduated so hiring me.
David: that's all I got.
Nora Foley: Thank you very, very nice ending.
Nora Foley: Now I you know I have there's a couple of different questions that I have, I think we have a little bit of time before the next talk so first i'll though i'll check asked Dane, if there is any questions that are been put into the chat box.
Dane VanDervoort: It looks like Warren just asked a question I don't know if you want to see you.
Dane VanDervoort: Ask it directly or he wants me to read it, I can.
Warren Day (USGS): I can ask, thank you very much for informative talk.
Warren Day (USGS): i'm sorry I am used to looking at worth plots normalize the contracts.
Warren Day (USGS): In the glassy clays so how many times contracts are you seeing.
David: um that was not something that we have analyzed I did not compare it to contracts i'm like I said this was based on the this.
David: upper continental crust just average so just any random given plot of continental crust will more or less have xyz um.
David: Okay, my advisor Dr Elliot says he can weigh in here so.
David: yeah.
Crawford Elliott: You can hear me all.
Mr.
Crawford Elliott: Warren and that's a good question and we are brainwashed David to think in terms of upper continental crust because we're interested in.
Crawford Elliott: Looking at changes in Richmond syndications relative to crystal processes so we we don't think in terms of see one contracts, but I think the to curse, if I understand this correctly they parallel each other, put the put their differences in the order of magnitudes.
Crawford Elliott: So if that helps warn your.
Warren Day (USGS): wrap my mind around so.
Warren Day (USGS): You know, read.
Warren Day (USGS): Well Okay, I can I can back into that i'm just wondering about say the total worth content on those class.
Warren Day (USGS): oxide.
David: um if we're talking about parts per million the classy clay had about 566 parts per million records oxide and.
David: The the eastern kayla and actually had the most, even though it was mostly in the lighters at a 600 parts per million.
Warren Day (USGS): Okay, great Thank you that does, they are enrich Thank you very much.
Are there any more questions from the audience.
Nora Foley: If not we'll go ahead and get the next started talk started, and then you know we'll continue this discussion at the at the next discussion periods so.
let's see Warren are you sharing your screen.
Warren Day (USGS): nope.
Nora Foley: Okay, well, the next lesson to me.
Nora Foley: Okay i'm going to go ahead and share the screen for the next talk we'll start with.
And people see the screen.
Dane VanDervoort: Oh yeah, we can see it no.
Nora Foley: Okay, very good all right, this talk is going to be given by Ian when it's a study of mineralogical and aesthetic characteristics of sediment in it Gansu province in China.
Nora Foley: And joined on this talk with Ian will be Thomas wayland and Burke Carter and i'm going to go ahead, I have the recording so i'm going to share that now hello, my name is here when i'm an undergraduate to.
hello, my name is Ian when an undergraduate theology in mathematics student at Georgia Southwestern State University and today i'll be talking about study of the mineralogical and aesthetic characteristics of settlements in Gansu province.
Nora Foley: To province in western China.
spans from central China to northwestern.
Ian: So am I supposed to play the recording myself.
Dane VanDervoort: i'm not sure, nor do we have a link for.
Ian: Okay there it is.
Ian: Okay.
Dane VanDervoort: Are you.
Dane VanDervoort: Aryan.
Dane VanDervoort: Okay, let me see if maybe it's Nora or author.
yeah.
Nora Foley: mixed with water to the consistency of mine and they replied to the outside of pottery is can be seen in this picture.
Nora Foley: These pictures are from sediments used in these locations, so, as you can see that this significantly high quality product can be produced from local materials and that's The purpose of this study.
These claims can be used as.
Nora Foley: An economic resource potentially when they are if they would be Expo exploited the industry would be a very low cost abundant.
Nora Foley: And minimally environmentally impactful endeavor because most of the time these settlements are transplanted or just disposed of, or.
Nora Foley: not really regarded as something that is economically that they're used to manipulate or get out of the way to build some sort of foundation for larger buildings.
Nora Foley: Since much not much else can be done with it, since it's a relatively semi arid to arid region it's not really much use for it agriculturally so a potential financial benefit from their economic benefit from.
Nora Foley: exploitation of these wildly abundant resources would be very attractive in this area, especially since can soon as an economically underperforming region within China being the poorest our lowest average household income province in the country.
In addition to this.
Production production and development of the economic.
Nora Foley: Industry around the use of the sediments would produce a ceramic our identity within the region, which is something.
Nora Foley: lacking in places elsewhere outside of East China with the standard of porcelain pottery where and other such.
Nora Foley: Internationally known techniques, so this would produce a different identity for the region as a whole, on top of potential economic benefit.
On the right, you can see two vessels our glazed using a local ceramics.
First, local sentiments.
Nora Foley: And the no additives were included a local mineralogy produced a very complicated complex texture and appearance in fired pottery at this temperature.
Nora Foley: And for this purpose, we as me as a geologist, I was interested in what chemically was happening, as well as physical and optical properties that what minerals are included and their interactions results in such a appearance.
Nora Foley: going about this, what I did was chose four main regions within the province and three in the southeast region within the last plateau.
And one in the Northwest within the gobi desert and compare them to each other, these four regions were chosen for mineralogical diversity and.
Local diversity as well.
And these.
Nora Foley: fired sample of from.
Crawford Elliott: These two locations within doing home in the Northwest region.
Nora Foley: The top one the test style is showing the.
glaze that was applied there is a.
Some complexity within where there's re crystallization of some minerals and also reduction of something that is apparently iron oxide and a lot of complicated.
Nora Foley: interactions that would not have.
Nora Foley: One would not initially.
Nora Foley: imagined would occur from something with no additives and raw from the earth, the same thing is true for most of the samples in these these locations we're not too far apart and yet their products.
Nora Foley: are quite different and appearance.
Nora Foley: And this is another factor that is of importance when considering these as an industry is the diversity and locality of each of these sermons.
Nora Foley: This is an addition, this sentiment came from the southeast of cancer within the was plateau and the appearance.
Nora Foley: When fire is no Green and installing this we found in the next winter on will discuss the trace mineral that.
Nora Foley: We imagine, is the reason for this being green.
Nora Foley: And this further demonstrates the diversity between regions around the province and appearance than when use this glazes.
Nora Foley: More specifically about on techniques on each sample was fired to come six temperatures, as can be shown on those tests house and the luster appearance in color role observed in that regard.
Nora Foley: And in addition to that each sample is subjected to X Ray powder diffraction to determine a chemical composition both chemical composition.
Nora Foley: Of the second each of the segments X Ray fluorescence was used on a few samples to gain a baseline understanding of the chemical component makeup of each of the samples to narrow down which minerals to index from these X Ray diffraction data.
Nora Foley: Another fine was done on a few of the samples in order to perform X Ray diffraction on those as well to compare.
Pre and post firing.
behaviors in X Ray diffraction analysis.
Nora Foley: After extra diffraction analysis, a series of peaks we're paying for each sample can be shown here, there is a very tight correlation between every sample recovered.
This is due to the genetic relationship between all all the sediments on the surface of Gansu province.
Nora Foley: Being mostly glacial alien and glacier flu you, as mentioned earlier on.
Nora Foley: The overall composition was very closely related, as I stated, and that is being high end for it's a lesser concentrations.
Nora Foley: was a greater variation of film spark muscovite canaanite human titan calcite These minerals were very important in determining the minor.
Nora Foley: physical and chemical differences between the minerals and the minor routine titanium was noted in the X Ray fluorescence and we think that this retail is when influenced.
Nora Foley: When the loss plateau sample to turn green, but this was not proven this is currently hypothesize but further testing has to be done to make sure about that.
about the understanding of the behavior of minerals and sentiments in the milk.
Nora Foley: This red line is the X Ray diffraction results of one of the fired samples, as stated before.
Nora Foley: And with it, compared to the blue line, which is the native sampling and it shows that in firing a breakdown, to some degree of crystal graphic structures within.
Nora Foley: The bulk occurs, so these peaks of course decreased by something out signifying that some melting or dissociation this course has occurred.
Nora Foley: resulting in an overall more smooth out X Ray diffraction curve.
Nora Foley: And and earlier on the muscovite and.
kale and I peaks are shown to be much less.
Nora Foley: noticeable almost non existent likely due to complete melting to the earth and almost entire molding of those respective minerals.
um.
Nora Foley: And here's the appearance of the native sample shown before.
Before firing and after firing.
Nora Foley: As can be seen as almost the glass like the tree is that appearance, so it means that the firing in the cooling rate resulted in a more a more.
substance than even was obtained when fired in a standard ceramics killed.
Nora Foley: Overall, the behavior of each mineral was somewhat determined and their respective in their interactions with each other.
Nora Foley: First off kayla night, its main.
influence on melt behavior is a cohesion or homogeneity of particles in a milk, for instance of.
Nora Foley: Courts of grains or some other substance or holding suspension in the mill it prevents flooring meant to create a settling effect so that limits that.
produces a relatively homogeneous appearance in the milk.
Nora Foley: Those are loners is relatively low viscosity and more glassy and vitreous and appearance and very high levels of fellas bar it result in a more shiny.
glossy appearance in the mill.
Nora Foley: Courts has various influences on know behaviors it's the bulk of the composition of each of the sediments.
Nora Foley: matt and grainy with larger particles is the relatively most common effect, of course.
Nora Foley: And as course does not tend to melt in this temperature or be influenced this temperature increases the overall viscosity of.
Nora Foley: muscovite sometimes breaks down whether it's in response to the temperatures in the stresses, but no real chemical change was thought to have occurring due to muscovite, but it does affect the appearance of the.
Of the note to some degree in terms of glossy this or.
vitreous appearance.
Nora Foley: hematite.
Nora Foley: With respect to the killing in atmosphere and environment if the oxygen level is a lower amount that it may reduce to iron two plus in a pure black.
Nora Foley: But if it was not produced, then it will appear more red and be unaffected, more or less during process only influencing the milken producing a more reddish color.
Nora Foley: calcite has a whiting affecting glazes and as it has a lower melting point may flux, the overall composition down to melt at a lower temperature influencing the flow textures for.
Nora Foley: velocity flow velocity of the mouth.
Nora Foley: But overall, each mineral has a distinct influence.
Nora Foley: On the male behavior and these all of these factors together combined to show us what we concluded is that those a mineral.
Nora Foley: Diversity is very, very narrow and almost it chemically identical between all samples obtain the slight variations in each of these minerals produced drastic differences in.
Nora Foley: melt behavior and texture and appearance and this this can be thought of as a optimistic outcome in terms of understanding with respect and understanding, these as economic potential reality, because they could.
Nora Foley: This could imply some level of difficulty in replication of these settlements, so they can be used more as a on exclusive or.
Nora Foley: hard to access material that is only available in this very specific region and could that could potentially influence price and demand as a result.
Nora Foley: These textures and behaviors have not really well been documented or known outside of the local region.
So.
Nora Foley: An increased understanding of these could influence a generate a new market in the area.
and
that's all any questions.
Nora Foley: Actually I do actually have a question.
Nora Foley: and very interesting talk little step away from from some of the other talks that we've heard earlier, but in you've been listening to them so.
Nora Foley: Now the way I understand it you're saying that some of the variations that result in the glazes after they're fired are basically a function of the different differences in the proportions of the minerals.
Ian: Yes, pretty much now, is it possible, do not right, I always think about people, adding chemicals like copper, or you know iron or even titanium to a to a glaze to change the coloration, is it possible that there's earth elements or or titanium or some other very minor elements that are.
Nora Foley: That are adding to these kind of really pretty unique coloration without you know any additives.
Ian: Yes, so um that's where we're going with studying these as a.
Ian: For use an industry, the local ceramics industry and when Joe where I went and studied these for a period of two months we they showed that.
Ian: They the behavior of the glazes was similar to that and what they experienced when adding retail legalizes and so that's why it's such a small degree that we were not able to I was not able to find it in the extra diffraction.
Ian: Over over top of anything else but they're from what i've been told from them that the behavior is very close to what they would expect from a Teal.
Ian: Great very interesting huh Thank you Dana there any other questions for Ian or the group in the chat box right.
Dane VanDervoort: Now man there no no questions in chat box Okay, so you know we successfully you heard all the presentations I think sorry for the little bit of a mix up at the start of ants talk, but you know.
Ian: The thing that was missed at the beginning was just the geographic background and the geographic background of the Gansu province.
Nora Foley: And well I you know I it's I think every new thing comes with a little bit of off it's.
Nora Foley: Fine alright, so you know we're at right now so we're going to start a rather have like a 15 minute.
Nora Foley: chat session before we start back with the posters at 1155 so we can take you know we've all been online for a couple hours we can take maybe five minutes and come back and finish the discussion or you know if I want to like to do that so i'll let's come back at.
Ian: I don't know what time is it now like 1145 1140 love yeah.
Nora Foley: let's come back at 145 and five minutes, take a little walk and and think of some questions and we can continue the discussion on this really wide breadth of topics that have been covered this morning okay.
Great.
Nora Foley: I had a question on the glassy these blassie place.
Nora Foley: Is David, are you still on.
or Crawford Elliot.
Crawford Elliott: yeah i'm here oh.
Nora Foley: yeah you know, I was just very curious that they sound really interesting in terms of their texture and you know and very distinctive compared to the other.
Nora Foley: Know Basically, this is a fixed sequence of sedimentary kaolin um could they be related to could they be some kind of a volcanic related clay, or is there some kind of difference in the mineralogy are they solidify what gives them that glassy character um.
Crawford Elliott: We we haven't taken a deep dive on.
Crawford Elliott: Children was not taking a deep dive on it, but if you look at the rock itself, it might look like a hard callin at first approximation.
Crawford Elliott: So it does look clay eat, but then, when the backhoe hits it, it gives us a certain clang, if you will, and they have to go and go through that material with a bit more energy than the other claims.
Crawford Elliott: So it gives the appearance of a clay, a hard kale and, if you will, maybe a super hard kalin so we haven't really looked at it with SEM or anything like that.
Crawford Elliott: to know whether or not it's just been highly compacted fine grained or whether there's a segmentation but it gives the appearance of a sedimentary clay that's highly cemented would be my the way I would describe it right off the BAT for you.
Nora Foley: I just found it pretty interesting because I did a lot of work on like a hail kalan deposits down in in South Carolina and they are up in South Carolina but they.
Nora Foley: They actually formed from alteration of volcanic and they had they in during mining they do have some of that sort of glassy.
Nora Foley: And coil type fracturing when you're breaking them apart so i'm in there, the Aliens are in an ad mix with you know really super fine.
Nora Foley: gupta Crystal and courts and a few other things are related to the precursor rock so i'm sure it's something that that that's an interesting study and i'm sure you guys will be expanding on it.
Crawford Elliott: Absolutely to jessica's question early on, if Dave has has his slides queued up or if we can go to that trace elements slide sheet, he can go to the thorium and give JESSICA, a sense of that.
Crawford Elliott: How enriched is relative to upper continental crust and now we give you a sense right off the BAT of the thorium contents, but I don't think they're I don't my recollection is correct, I don't think there's anywhere close to 500 parts per million or anything like that.
Arthur Merschat: marcy also noticed marcio See also notice something about the rotation sentiments in Virginia so marcial and if you'd like to comment as well on on the nature of the.
Arthur Merschat: rotation sentiments in Virginia.
Marcie Occhi - VA: yeah can you guys hear me okay.
Nora Foley: Yes, yes.
Marcie Occhi - VA: Okay, so I do a little bit of mapping in the fall zone of Virginia and the cretaceous outcrops that i've seen a lot of the larger class are.
Marcie Occhi - VA: I would say, maybe 35 to 50% volcanic class and for the most part, especially it's fresh outcrops these volcanic class are almost completely weathered to like a whitish looking clay that sometimes you know when you're scraping it off.
Marcie Occhi - VA: sort of echo what Nora was saying you do see sort of that like can quite a low most shiny or greasy sort of surface when you're.
Marcie Occhi - VA: digging into them with with a pen knife or something so that's just something that i've noticed i'm sure it's not true for the whole cretaceous section, but at least what i've seen around the fall zone.
Marcie Occhi - VA: there's a lot of volcanic class that are really weathered in Virginia.
Nora Foley: And we found for the South carolina's we deposits, we found that there were absorbed rare earth elements on some of those volcanic derived white white real white clays so interesting.
To hear about more.
Arthur Merschat: Can I ask the question then Tuesday through what those volcanic class or those young are those something that's being derived from the bedrock like the the you know Carolina train or or even for Virginia, the you know the blue Ridge amount Rogers any any thoughts or any dates on them.
Marcie Occhi - VA: yeah I would suspect and so mark Carter has done a little bit of Detroit or con work from the volcanic like in the puddle corey she was on the the hope well.
Marcie Occhi - VA: quad right along the fall zone, and I mean like 304 hundred some for most of all candidates if mark is actually on here, he.
Marcie Occhi - VA: He would have a better answer than i'm able to provide I see he's chatting away so you should ask him to talk.
mark carter: yeah i'm here.
mark carter: yeah we've got aged we've got at the problem is our call and sweet on the sands and then we've actually got some age dates on the class of both the volcanic classes marcy's talk about, as well as grenade it class and.
mark carter: Two triangles are calling on a constituent courtside class that's incorporated into into everything.
mark carter: In the data would really suggest that a lot of those quotations class are coming from the verge ilana district.
mark carter: So they're being transported across the rally terrain across the roanoke rapids terrain southern part of the Duke splintering and getting into the cretaceous there the interesting thing about it is, is that the volcanic class.
mark carter: Most of them are the ones that i've seen total Doc their unborn.
mark carter: They they look like pristine volcanic rocks and we just simply don't see that out in the Virginia North Carolina Piedmont anymore what we're seeing is the deeper green she is facing these routes to those.
mark carter: To those rocks and so they're only now preserved in the bazell cretaceous.
mark carter: As more CC is right there around around hope whales i've only really seen them in the in the black they do occur in some of the younger restrictive up as well, I don't think they occur to the north, I don't think they are very much to the south, but it's something to look into.
Dane VanDervoort: we've got a couple of questions in chat there.
Dane VanDervoort: i'm not sure Crawford are you referring to.
Dane VanDervoort: The stuff that marketing marcy we're talking about.
Crawford Elliott: Correct correct yeah what part of the cretaceous are you talking about.
Crawford Elliott: Or is it possible to tell.
mark carter: it's it's Potomac group um I can get you we got some more should you recall the.
Marcie Occhi - VA: I think the the pollen suggested, and this is back from a usgs publication from.
Marcie Occhi - VA: James dish ginger from like the MID to late 80s, I wanted to say it was lower cretaceous so we're talking like the base of the cretaceous.
mark carter: There was another gentleman from Great Britain, who we took out there that time, they also did some pollen and did some macro work for some of the tree stumps and whatnot and I just I can't remember his name.
mark carter: I can get those get those references we've got some fairly good age dates on it, but it's more.
mark carter: faithful stuff.
Arthur Merschat: So I think we've kind of just to keep us on time, are we are.
Arthur Merschat: At 12 o'clock and we're supposed to already start into our poster sessions, I think i'll we'll have to wrap up our discussion here, I guess, just to kind of keep us on.
Arthur Merschat: I think angie angie will take us over with the next section of this and we still have another discussion at the end because there's a question wasn't it get to address this as well, so.
Dane VanDervoort: yeah and there's also there's a question for Nora from the lesser Virginia I don't know, do you want to answer that directly to him or I can answer it.
Nora Foley: yeah i'll answer it directly to not to hold up the group but it's a good question and yeah we did, because they are more they're more of the highly vaccinated igneous type granites it's a slightly different suite of.
Primary minerals that results in their extractable rare earth elements but let's let's move forward but i'll send it out posted in the chat box okay.
Anji Shah: Okay, so our next speaker this poster is by Sarah brown JESSICA more Phillip gentleman and Gary daft and it's about insights into critical mineral occurrences in appalachian using geochemistry of underplays and I am going to on slave her poster.
Anji Shah: To go well with.
Anji Shah: Launching our morals, especially for events as our entrepreneurs in the Atlanta.
Anji Shah: This is part of a larger project with multiple surveys in appalachia as well as the oil.
Anji Shah: and turning is certainly a license underpins have a higher proportion of minerals mirror elements, so why.
Anji Shah: Are.
Anji Shah: They already been looking at in West Virginia or the appalachian basin and so.
Anji Shah: incapable analysis of.
Anji Shah: throughout most of appalachian listen, we have the occurrence of only I own them underplays and these occur in different areas, some of them on me for some of the audience with all bets and rough areas, please so.
Anji Shah: As part of the earth around project we wanted a set of samples to look into these higher values and see if they were stationed related or related to certain.
Anji Shah: marvel that social environments, which really we had planned to news only superficial outcrops of that we have now state in the Holy mountain and limits to our work, we ended up writing samples of seven different or holes that had multiple lines up over pricing.
Anji Shah: model of the ocean, you can see what are these portions of spent long with the measurements of the photo rare earths and million and divided different horizons.
Anji Shah: After collections and billing details to be much less allowed in January you start our analysis of these different.
Anji Shah: Elements well the samples.
Anji Shah: For workflow, which is a program around a.
Anji Shah: Shame learning resources to do.
Anji Shah: The data analysis of examples of.
Anji Shah: That program we created different data visualizations and principal component analysis and crosswalks which, let us see that will cleanse that were.
Anji Shah: Higher expected rare earths and let us use certain elements to determine take our offices are what.
Anji Shah: What appeared to correlate with our elements and the middle of the diagram see both across box and we've been able to come up with some offices.
Anji Shah: Here all along with our notes, so these include things like not moving them that is greater than 120,000 parts per million in a higher likelihood of.
Anji Shah: What you're going to contain you now that we have these several hypothesis how the next is we're applying it to other data sets so then West Virginia alone we have over 1000 sparkle is as.
Anji Shah: Most of them are majors only play stones and different online reasons but we've been able to apply the same rules and policies that we have with some of these plans to that.
Anji Shah: lets us divide our historical data sets that are more profitable for height, the high worth.
Anji Shah: amount and for hopefully doing sampling.
Anji Shah: Our plan is to test some of these hypotheses by our examples that seem to have a likelihood, and then to investigate my entire life.
Anji Shah: Whether it's spatially related Boston based or whether it's related to environmental areas or certain overrides and running water, so we're going to continue this work with more samples in future.
Anji Shah: lives.
Anji Shah: We have any questions do you have any questions for Sarah.
Dane VanDervoort: In the chat box.
Anji Shah: Okay well i'm just thinking, if there are questions, since we got a little bit behind on time, I might go ahead and play the next he poster.
Anji Shah: And that will.
Anji Shah: get this up for you, oh.
Anji Shah: Very cool and our next poster will be by billy laster Wendy Kelly maury skiffington marcy open and Michael Smith now, this is about the assessment of geological and geochemical factors associated with the occurrences critical minerals in Virginia.
Anji Shah: And is that being shared right now tell me.
Dane VanDervoort: yeah we.
Dane VanDervoort: We did.
Anji Shah: Here we go all right, and she is doing last question.
Anji Shah: Oh thanks for visiting our virtual poster session, my name is William glasser i'm an economic geologists with the Virginia to optimize and all the energy division ideology and resource.
Anji Shah: Where the same theological survey.
Anji Shah: Over the next couple of minutes i'll describe work we are doing in partnership with less geological survey earth mapping resources initiative perfect MRI which is conducting the National Endowment for your domestic criminal mineral resources.
Anji Shah: But first I want to acknowledge the collaborators on the spot when selling or a skiffington RC ocean and Michael Smith.
Anji Shah: So, most of you are probably familiar with the Federal listed critical mental commodity, and many of these have in mind or explore or in beginning of the story, like.
Anji Shah: Mr it utilizes a classification framework is familiar to most economic to this based on minimizing systems and all the positives and this is used to help identify perspective regions called focus areas.
Anji Shah: We have prioritize the critical minerals in three main categories and beginning to reflect the diversity of logic trends that we see and the past exploration and development histories.
Anji Shah: Under high priority, we have PayPal wonder going uranium aware of elements, all of which are known resources and i've been mind or exported for very recent in a moderate category or 13 to my.
Anji Shah: mind in the past, some extensive but not received attention in recent years, mainly due to economic.
Anji Shah: And then the final unknown category of.
Anji Shah: Commodities have no real, significant history of buying or development in Virginia and it's the lighting settings and mineralized systems are very uncommon.
Anji Shah: So our approach to this project is going to analyze our focus areas in several ways, and so the first deployment, like the other set of titanium.
Anji Shah: In this case, we had an extensive history of mind production, a pipe that occurs in 3D no system in order types, the first primary magnetic iron oxide appetite but I always.
Anji Shah: type system because of Nelson I died in an office side, she got the pine river rosell district.
Anji Shah: And then, as a result of chemical weathering you can get redistribution residual concentrations of hype associated with the direct deposit.
Anji Shah: And then class or departments occurs painting classes in the sands of the western market.
Anji Shah: Coastal plan so in this case we're interested to know if resources remain in these areas and also what other critical commodities may be associated with these kind of systems that have been overlooked or this not economic.
Anji Shah: The next example I gave is it an active area, we have the classic.
Anji Shah: way of earth elements on the ball and, in this case, we have a history of recent production of the overnight with your mom is it cetera as having been or sands.
Anji Shah: And we focused here on improving geologic mapping to particularly on study graphic interest and updating legacy do physical data sets that is nearing with more modern, high resolution also collected chemical data and particularly focused on heavy metal compositions.
Anji Shah: Lead third example that we have is one in which we're data mining essentially legacy and activate the same databases today wait mineral system to deposit types that may not have been recognized pass and so.
Anji Shah: Here we've analyzed the large chemical buildings, it contains whole lot analyses and we have areas that include anomalous where they'll the concentrations this case so.
Anji Shah: In this case, anomalous five times the classical background competition, I mean exciting possibility this we do buy this analysis is that are are you originally from certain clothes or.
Anji Shah: Toys the curtain worry and the further possibility that a new mineralization system in Virginia Where are you are you.
Anji Shah: recognize and other places in the world, not so much in Virginia.
Anji Shah: For most of the important critical minerals in Virginia and I hope your website so thanks for your time.
Anji Shah: hey thanks and i'm not oh.
Anji Shah: i'm not sure yeah if this is apparently what was downloaded from the poster and let's see and it seems like we have a link that i'm going to try and display but i'm.
Anji Shah: not sure what.
Anji Shah: he hears the poster, and that is different for the video so.
Anji Shah: Visiting okay.
Anji Shah: So sorry.
Anji Shah: justin.
Anji Shah: geologists with there we go alright and let's see i'll try and share that poster in case there are all questions for.
Anji Shah: lily.
Anji Shah: You can see this very well.
Anji Shah: let's see.
Arthur Merschat: That shows the poster going soon now and as the link should be also there to see the whole poster and zoom in on GSA is website.
Arthur Merschat: Probably on look as well.
Anji Shah: Okay, so um let's see I think will will not play the video again, but just instead give folks a time a chance to look at the poster and if there are any questions.
Anji Shah: Please go ahead.
W Lassetter VA: yeah hey this is billy that.
W Lassetter VA: You know I spent a lot of time trying to sync that thing.
Anji Shah: I am sorry.
W Lassetter VA: that's okay that's no problem.
W Lassetter VA: So so basically this this was just an overview of you know what we're doing in Virginia and I use the three examples of the the one area where we have.
W Lassetter VA: Existing you know historic legacy mining of Nelson aight dikes and we have these titanium deposits, and so you would see the synced view of that.
W Lassetter VA: figure to down there and then the second example was the the falls on plaster area that we're working on now we're gathering new data new information.
W Lassetter VA: Plus we're going to have this new era airborne geophysics survey to work with shortly, and then the last examples where we were we're basically data mining we're looking at.
W Lassetter VA: A large legacy data set in this case, our rock repository geochemical database and and finding things that you know really hadn't been looked at before we were seeing where we see some.
W Lassetter VA: anomalous areas for in this case rare earth elements, and in particular the heavy rare earth elements suite which are very interesting so it's just a matter of.
W Lassetter VA: You know plugging are going to those areas and doing a bit more evaluation, the the last message that i'm trying to get across or we're trying to get across with this poster is just the the.
W Lassetter VA: large number of these critical mineral resources that are available in Virginia have been mined historically, you know even things like arsenic, there is a there's a historic legacy component to that.
W Lassetter VA: very, very small scale, but again, the economics, are all different now in this modern day and age and making these elevating these into the critical.
W Lassetter VA: Commodity space really is important, so we were looking forward to doing you know more analysis of all these and and we think the partnership with the usgs.
Nora Foley: Thanks billy that's this is Nora here that's really interesting I you know I want to look at your poster in a little more detail it's kind of small on my screen but i'm interested in the.
Nora Foley: The diversity of these planetoid units that you looked at, and particularly the ones that you, you found a pretty good.
Nora Foley: You know, pretty reasonable values of the heavy hitters.
Nora Foley: up to five times enrichment is very nice and now, those are in it says protozoa So these are these are metacritic racks these are shifts or the air or these nice's or were you know, can you tell me a little bit more about those.
W Lassetter VA: Well, you know we don't we haven't even gotten so far is to know specifically what formations or map units we're dealing with at this point we we basically, this is just a data mining exercise, where we looked at.
W Lassetter VA: What we've got in our whole rock GEO Kim data and some of these most of the ones that that are list are shown here on that map are in the in the blue Ridge, and I believe the stewart's ville is one of them where we've got a whole rock sample there so there's.
W Lassetter VA: But there's a couple of other locations over in the coastal playing you know, obviously, these are heavy mineral sand tight deposit so we've got some work to do yet yeah it's very interesting because.
Nora Foley: You know one thing that with these neoproterozoic.
Nora Foley: Granted, say intrude the bedrock thing clued is garnet bearing and, of course, you know there's rare earth elements associated with garnets and a lot of other sweets and minerals, so the others it's really interesting and there's you know lots of areas for study but very nice Thank you.
Anji Shah: Any more questions for billy.
Anji Shah: we've got one from more in the chat I think we just ask that additional questions.
Anji Shah: And really I really do apologize for that.
Anji Shah: That was a bit of a mix up, we tried, I tried downloading the videos in order to save on bandwidth so that will be better playback guess, sometimes we try a little bit too hard so.
W Lassetter VA: No worries just everybody can go to the site website and look at the poster if they like.
Anji Shah: Okay that's a nice person alright well i'm in the interest of time we'll move on to the last poster and I guess i'm just going to.
Anji Shah: i'll try the poster from here, and hope that the bandwidth works this next top is by Susan hall with co authors myself philosopher and duane beach and the topic is uranium focus areas for the southeastern United States identified the usgs or the project and let's see how this works.
Anji Shah: going to expand this, you can see the poster.
Anji Shah: Good morning, thank you for attending our virtual poster session.
Anji Shah: work that was done identifying.
Anji Shah: areas for the southeastern United States as part of the usgs earth MRI project.
Anji Shah: work was done by myself, using hall n G sharp both of us have your theological survey, we lost her with a State of Virginia and.
Anji Shah: North Carolina.
Anji Shah: Two learning mineral system of particular interest in the southeastern United States one medium that is hosted in cheers on medicine type type your deposit.
Anji Shah: And another rain that could be beneficial to have a byproduct of mining phosphate prefer to watch fertilizer throughout the southeast in a state.
Anji Shah: that's personal goodness summertime type millennium, the understandings of justify that are based on the coast hilda pilot, which is located in South central region photo is the largest online directly deposited in.
Anji Shah: And and understanding, because they'll have just been given an expanded, so that the State geologists were able to apply the failing and features of wholesale to identification of this one before.
Anji Shah: two most important features are that normalization at code know if necessary in age and its associated with certain level structures and probably with fluids.
Anji Shah: That were formed as part of the development of river basin to try out for parties and similar to many found one in Southeast Asia.
Anji Shah: As well hotels was formed was concentrating innovations concentrated in an area that had previously been shared along the book my shares on during the carboniferous.
Anji Shah: The importance of this Sharon is that it along strike, it not only upgraded my name within shares own, but it also transform to a new.
Anji Shah: Venture best reactive know that into your Labor phases that could be exploited by your mentors our Lewis, so the geologists apply these understandings to identify and reading papers area in South Virginia and mode in North Carolina over which they propose that a physical survey one.
Anji Shah: Physical server would allow better understanding of structured throughout the region, as well as test for additional learning, you know vacation because they are with surveys would be ideal sorry what part of this geopolitical service.
Anji Shah: offerings to physical servers that have been flown in 1970s, as part of the Uri program run by the Department of Energy at five to 10 kilometer fights and things are far too far to pick up the features that were interested in looking at his engine.
Anji Shah: And then.
Anji Shah: In Boston the positive and the magnitude of his potential users is.
Anji Shah: quite significant, if you did the exercise of looking at phosphate mining volume in 2018 and applying an average concentration of prostate.
Anji Shah: To destiny our production during that year, you could produce between six and 20% of the winning deals in that to your us reactors during that same year.
Anji Shah: So you know this, this is a potential large potential to our second it.
Anji Shah: could contribute significantly to ourselves as part of a geophysical survey in South Carolina for another critical you know commodity anti Shah was able to identify automatic starter that roughly correspond with our focus areas.
Anji Shah: The strata was exposed by the removal of overburdened by national processes such as long as a district river, as well as past mining.
Anji Shah: phosphate mining that you did get the patients on a river Ashley river, as well as Clinton mining and submit mines that were developed in region this information could be important to identify areas that were more accessible to practice to learn English phosphate mining.
Anji Shah: And are helpful contribution to the identification of.
Anji Shah: can do we have any questions for Susan.
Anji Shah: or for any of the other speakers.
Anji Shah: I think my chats from a little bit slow so.
Nora Foley: I have one in the chat box that I can ask Susan.
What techniques, did you use to date the status of uranium mineralization I think that was part of your 2019 paper.
susanhall: Right, can you hear me okay.
susanhall: i'm.
susanhall: A number of techniques, but most effective were uranium lead dating well, we did whole rock uranium lead.
susanhall: And rubidium strontium we also did nc to dating of Title nine and.
susanhall: Zero con as well, so no just a tight nights are not zircons not related to monetization and that's what we used to date mineralization.
susanhall: Oh sorry i'm sorry appetite as well.
Nora Foley: With that insert your dating did you use shrimp or did you use laser ablation are.
susanhall: named mark did it and he used.
susanhall: yeah.
Nora Foley: They in it, so he probably did it, it was likely a laser.
susanhall: or yes right Thank you.
Anji Shah: i'll see if there is Maya chat is running a little bit slow so, are there any more questions.
Anji Shah: From for any of the speakers that we've had in the session listen we'd love to hear from you.
Anji Shah: Okay um, so I think are we ready to wrap up the session for the afternoon done.
Anji Shah: For the morning.
Arthur Merschat: yeah I guess if there's if there's any other.
Arthur Merschat: yeah I guess it.
Arthur Merschat: Just seemed like if there's no further questions where we have we do have leisure time for anyone else during your chest, but there were questions.
Arthur Merschat: I guess it may be time to wrap up.
Nora Foley: Well, you know.
Arthur Merschat: Any concluding thoughts.
Nora Foley: i've got one or two, but I just wanted to tell people that you know this session is is, of course, being recorded but questions in the chat box, that will not be included in the recording So if you come up with any additional questions that you're thinking about as you.
Dane VanDervoort: As you, you know review what we've seen today.
Nora Foley: You know, feel free to contact the speakers, I know I always like to hear from someone and i'm sure that everyone else here will as well you know this was really a pretty cool.
Nora Foley: it's I think this is really pretty much the first.
Nora Foley: Out of the first GSA presentation, the session that we've had that's really presented some of the the than the new types of data that have been funded and just the last two years in in the.
Nora Foley: earth MRI program you know it's funded through the state so.
Nora Foley: it's really I think you know I you know I hope to see this as something that happens in future future years, and we get more involvement.
Nora Foley: And particularly as those really incredible data sets start coming out like the you know the overdue overview that Jane gave but you know when you look at it at a smaller.
Nora Foley: level that you know really meets you know dresses what we're looking at in the eastern us.
Nora Foley: The maps that angie showed, you know are fantastic, and I know everybody's waiting for those data sets to come out and we also had you know the the.
Nora Foley: overview from Alabama which was you know really nice to see.
Nora Foley: what's coming online, and you know you know, I was really glad that Dan did that, because i've had a little bit of conversation with him and also with some of the people in Maryland with what's coming out of the rare earth elements regular.
Nora Foley: Work but what's really exciting is that these are really new bits of information and they're just coming online, and you know, in the next.
Nora Foley: Year two or three years, as we get past coven it back into the field and get back into the lab things I think will really speed up and it's it really will see this.
Nora Foley: This cooperative work between the usgs and all the States really come to fruition, so you know that's really what you know we're looking forward to so.
Nora Foley: You know I you know I know Arthur and everybody else's we really want to thank everyone who's participated in this first try under you know you know I will, if we had zoom training, but in the usgs we don't use zoom so none of us know how it's been a quick learning curve.
Nora Foley: But anyways Thank you all for participating and angie do you want to say if you're.
Anji Shah: just another comment yeah for someone to think, especially the state groups on the State servings it's really great to hear this, and no we're just at the beginning phases and it's been.
Anji Shah: almost impossible to do field work and it just so wonderful to hear that some results, and I also wanted to extend a thank you.
Anji Shah: To several of our speakers who are not directly involved in Europe, and my program for presenting some very interesting work that really helps to give us a perspective on the type of work that for them is doing.
Anji Shah: I really enjoyed learning about about the regions in Georgia in China as well, so now and then again just to ECHO one more sentence wonderful things and do hope it continues.
Dane VanDervoort: Okay, I just want to say thank you to angie Arthur and Nora for.
Dane VanDervoort: taking the lead on this session and and doing all the introductions and everything like that yeah.
Dane VanDervoort: it's great I think is very informative and we learned a lot, so thank you guys.
Nora Foley: Great so thank you all I don't know when the next combine ne se session is coming up from Arthur you might know because you're pretty.
Arthur Merschat: I do know here is.
Arthur Merschat: it's may have rest in 2.0 in 2023.
Arthur Merschat: yeah so it was a.
Arthur Merschat: Back on the writer and happily ever have you ever get it back together, you know right now rest in 2.0 So hopefully it'll be bigger stronger faster.
Arthur Merschat: So there's there's a lot more to build on this isn't what I said in real said there's a lot of excitement everything's going on with area.
Arthur Merschat: In earth MRI collaboration usgs state surveys and just raw beginning back doing research so it's gonna be very exciting and I think I believe i'll be a great time for us get back together.
Arthur Merschat: With the boat, you know North East and southeast to get it really look at everything going on new words so.
Nora Foley: Great is even online.
Ian: I am yes.
Nora Foley: I want to say that I very much enjoyed your talk it was taking taking a little bit out of the box, but you know, in the eastern United States, particularly the southeast we have a huge active.
Nora Foley: pottery clay industry, which is also interested in all kinds of glaze and and stuff so I really enjoyed your talk and thank you for you know stretching i'm thinking.
Ian: yeah Thank you so much.
Nora Foley: All right, so with that we conclude this session.