WEBVTT

1
00:00:00.001 --> 00:00:07.010
Arthur Merschat: Well, good morning i'd like to welcome everyone to session 17 for Eastern activities of the usgs earth mapping resource initiative.

2
00:00:07.370 --> 00:00:12.620
Arthur Merschat: results and progress of phases one, two and three critical critical minerals research.

3
00:00:13.340 --> 00:00:25.640
Arthur Merschat: So this is a virtual session with live talks and periods for discussion, we want to remind that the talks are for 17 minutes, with three minutes of questions questions may be entered into the chat box either.

4
00:00:26.810 --> 00:00:31.640
Arthur Merschat: In either a moderator will read the questions were may ask you to unmute and ask the question to the group.

5
00:00:32.210 --> 00:00:42.590
Arthur Merschat: We want to encourage you know participation within this this session we've also planned three discussions, where we'll ask the previous authors to join for additional discussion and questions.

6
00:00:43.670 --> 00:00:55.010
Arthur Merschat: We want to hope to foster good virtual interaction and collaboration during these events and ask for your participation to put questions in chats during these discussions as well or also going to ask the questions and have a group discussion.

7
00:00:56.060 --> 00:01:06.740
Arthur Merschat: There are no scheduled breaks in this session, as well, and so we will use some of the discussion periods that if you have if you need to take a break, to use the discussion theories to slip off for a break.

8
00:01:07.910 --> 00:01:15.110
Arthur Merschat: But hopefully will stay and enjoying the discussion, finally, we want to remind everyone that this is a GSA event.

9
00:01:15.590 --> 00:01:25.490
Arthur Merschat: And it has guided by GSA code of ethics, which we all signed prior to the meeting and also GSA rise through be respectful to all in our thoughts and discussions throughout this session.

10
00:01:26.210 --> 00:01:34.640
Arthur Merschat: So we thank you for joining us for this session, I guess, we will go ahead, to begin with our first talk it is.

11
00:01:35.900 --> 00:01:48.320
Arthur Merschat: usgs earth mapping resources initiative support for data acquisition through partnerships with state geological surveys by Warren day and Jane and Jane hamstrung will present be present.

12
00:01:57.230 --> 00:01:51.000
and

13
00:01:51.001 --> 00:01:51.230
Arthur Merschat: So we all.

14
00:01:53.240 --> 00:02:00.830
Arthur Merschat: I guess well i'll go ahead and introduce our next guest switch here to the second talk and go to the second and third talk, so we can come back.

15
00:02:01.280 --> 00:02:18.350
Arthur Merschat: and work out things technical problems with with our first talk there so we're going to move to rare earth element, distribution and mobility and regular deposits formed on altered, a type granites of the southeastern United States presented by nor foley so normal pass along to you.

16
00:02:20.840 --> 00:02:32.120
Nora Foley: Great I will good morning today i'm going to describe studies, my colleagues and I have conducted at the usgs to better understand that the genesis of regolith hosted rare earth element deposits.

17
00:02:32.630 --> 00:02:38.990
Nora Foley: Now this class of deposits includes the world famous rare earth elements island search and clay deposits of China.

18
00:02:39.650 --> 00:02:45.770
Nora Foley: Now our goal here was to establish whether the potential exists for deposits of this type to occur in the US.

19
00:02:46.280 --> 00:02:57.110
Nora Foley: And our results have demonstrated that regolith hosted rare earth elements deposits can and do and do occur in Granite derived regulus of the southeastern us.

20
00:02:58.070 --> 00:03:08.930
Nora Foley: Now currently there are four main types of earth element deposit set supplied global markets, the first star carbonite deposits, and these include, for example, mountain pass in California.

21
00:03:09.530 --> 00:03:18.290
Nora Foley: And by an oboe in China now in these deposits, the earth elements are mainly and bass tonight and that's a rare earth element rich floral carbonate mineral.

22
00:03:19.040 --> 00:03:26.660
Nora Foley: Now the second type of para para alkaline igneous deposits include, for example, the lovozero deposit in Russia.

23
00:03:27.140 --> 00:03:33.230
Nora Foley: And they are the or mineral is local right and that's a high temperature titanium rare earth elements oxide.

24
00:03:34.190 --> 00:03:48.950
Nora Foley: The third are heavy metal sand deposits, and these include plaster and sand deposits that contain refractory minerals, such as mono site and xena time, and these are, of course, the best known rare earth element deposits in the southeast us.

25
00:03:50.030 --> 00:03:51.950
So the fourth type is.

26
00:03:53.300 --> 00:04:01.640
Nora Foley: A rare earth elements a clay deposits, and these are the ones that are mined in China in these clay deposits, the bulk of the rare earth elements are ads or to.

27
00:04:02.150 --> 00:04:13.430
Nora Foley: claim minerals, mainly a kayla night, now the mineralogy of these deposit is very important because the minerals and the first three deposit types contain mostly light rare earth elements.

28
00:04:13.910 --> 00:04:26.120
Nora Foley: In refractory minerals now, in contrast, the rare earth element Baron clays contain significant amounts of both light and heavy railroads that can be easily separated from clay.

29
00:04:26.630 --> 00:04:36.590
Nora Foley: And currently the rare earth element clay deposits of China produce most of the valuable heavy rare earths that are supplied to global markets.

30
00:04:38.210 --> 00:04:50.090
Nora Foley: Now this map shows the six provinces of China that contain the major rare earth elements dinosaur sumption clay deposits, the bedrock in the region is primarily weathered igneous suites that consist of.

31
00:04:51.950 --> 00:05:03.860
Nora Foley: Older granted toys and by mobile cannock some some late triassic were metal granites including IBM tantalum and 10 granites and they tend to be calc alkaline to pair alkaline and affinity.

32
00:05:04.670 --> 00:05:22.370
Nora Foley: Now these areas also contain major kale and I bauxite resources and most of the box site and the kale and deposits, as well as the rare earth element deposits are thought to have formed within the last about 150 million years under subtropical to tropical climates.

33
00:05:24.200 --> 00:05:39.800
Nora Foley: Now here's a map of the southeast to us and it's shown at roughly the same scale as the previous map is showed for South China now the southeast you us, of course, also contains deeply weathered granites and associated regulus, and these include.

34
00:05:40.850 --> 00:05:47.570
Nora Foley: Grants have a variety of age, Neil Neil protozoa to Allah ghanian and some rare metal 10 granites.

35
00:05:48.890 --> 00:05:57.230
Nora Foley: The clay deposit or clay deposits of many types also occur throughout the southeast us from Virginia, all the way to the Gulf coast.

36
00:05:57.800 --> 00:06:11.630
Nora Foley: And these can include both sedimentary or transported caitlin's and also igneous related in situ kayla night deposits in the selfies there's also minor bauxite deposits that occur to the West.

37
00:06:12.740 --> 00:06:20.390
Nora Foley: Now many of these clay deposits also likely formed within the last 200 million years during periods of subtropical.

38
00:06:21.140 --> 00:06:33.230
Nora Foley: To warm temperate a climactic regimes now, it was these similarities in geology and climate that originally led me to propose that the US, particularly with selfies to ask could be.

39
00:06:33.710 --> 00:06:40.820
Nora Foley: perspective for rare earth elements island search and clay deposits akin to those that currently supply global markets.

40
00:06:42.500 --> 00:06:52.760
Nora Foley: Now this slide shows the main features of the rare earth element clay deposits of China, and these include the presence of igneous sweet generally Griffin kinetic in composition.

41
00:06:53.540 --> 00:07:06.140
Nora Foley: Evidence for enrichment of rare earth elements and overlying regular with the in-situ regulus having rare earth element concentrations that are about three to five times the bedrock composition.

42
00:07:07.280 --> 00:07:17.390
Nora Foley: These deposits form under long periods of deep weathering such that elements like uranium and the rare earth elements are become mobile within the regular.

43
00:07:18.950 --> 00:07:38.900
Nora Foley: Overall, these deposits are quite low in grade generally on the order of 500 to about 3000 parts per million total wearers but, most importantly, the there is a high percentage of the rare earth elements that have to occur as absorbed ions on clay.

44
00:07:40.250 --> 00:07:44.450
Nora Foley: Now this photo on the left, shows a rare earth element clay mine and China.

45
00:07:45.110 --> 00:07:54.260
Nora Foley: And the figure on the right is a contract normalized worth element plot showing the two main types of rare earth elements clay deposits that our mind in China.

46
00:07:54.890 --> 00:08:03.050
Nora Foley: there's a light birth element and rich type and that's in green and a heavy earth element enriched type, which is shown here and pink.

47
00:08:04.970 --> 00:08:13.730
Nora Foley: So the southeastern us that contains three major belts weathered igneous rocks and our studies focused on two of these belts.

48
00:08:14.390 --> 00:08:27.140
Nora Foley: The Western most belt to consists of neoproterozoic an organic pollutants and related rocks that have high highly solicit compositions high contents of gallium flooring neodymium.

49
00:08:27.650 --> 00:08:36.620
Nora Foley: 10 tantalum your dream enter coney them and also high total rare earth elements, and this can range from 500 to almost 1500 ppm.

50
00:08:37.640 --> 00:08:46.370
Nora Foley: So, to the East, we also looked at futons in allegheny and trend and these tend to be more typical igneous or I type granites.

51
00:08:46.790 --> 00:08:59.750
Nora Foley: But they have much larger exposed volumes of weather rock less specialized compositions and generally rare earth elements of less than that average less than of all are much less than 500 ppm.

52
00:09:00.980 --> 00:09:17.540
Nora Foley: So some of the sites, we studied are listed here they include stuart's phil and striped rock protons and Virginia, the personal information and liberty hill futon and South Carolina and also the Alberta in Sparta Platonic transact down in Georgia.

53
00:09:20.930 --> 00:09:28.010
Nora Foley: So this slide shows an overview of some of those sites, now the example i'm going to describe it in most detailed today is a stewart's film.

54
00:09:29.660 --> 00:09:36.830
Nora Foley: And the stores for gluten is a 680 million year by tight granted, but high flooring higher earth elements and low phosphate.

55
00:09:37.550 --> 00:09:42.890
Nora Foley: It has a fixed sequence of regulus that is well exposed and a number of sites.

56
00:09:43.520 --> 00:09:51.980
Nora Foley: Now we were able to sample pretty much complete Granite to upper most soil profiles at a cover a couple of these exposures.

57
00:09:52.460 --> 00:10:06.710
Nora Foley: And we found that the bedrock tended to average about 650 ppm urs so we also conducted similar studies at other sites, but we needed to use different types of approaches to sampling the profile.

58
00:10:08.510 --> 00:10:13.220
Nora Foley: For example, in the middle picture, there is the hail area of South Carolina.

59
00:10:14.330 --> 00:10:23.300
Nora Foley: Now, one of the active clay mines there's also a lot of active gold mining in the region, and these deposits are located within the persimmon for formation.

60
00:10:24.140 --> 00:10:41.090
Nora Foley: So at on of the clay sites, we were able to sample pretty much a complete soil to bedrock profile through the highly altered it's you can see what the place or like a highly altered violate that contains a cross cutting on may 5 dykes.

61
00:10:42.110 --> 00:10:50.990
Nora Foley: Now, in similar studies at the liberty hill futon in South Carolina the there's a very thick regolith, but it was very poorly exposed and.

62
00:10:51.320 --> 00:11:08.720
Nora Foley: This basically required the use of a three meter long soil car to collect a relatively complete soil profile, but because the bedrock could not be collected with you know at the at the site where we collect the soil profile, we had to use a Granite samples from a nearby.

63
00:11:09.800 --> 00:11:11.150
Nora Foley: corey for comparison.

64
00:11:13.370 --> 00:11:20.840
Nora Foley: So this figure shows the students will regulate samples samples from one of the profiles now on the y axis.

65
00:11:21.380 --> 00:11:31.340
Nora Foley: We plotted birth element concentrations in the regular sample normalized to the original Granite composition, which is shown by the black line at one.

66
00:11:32.180 --> 00:11:47.810
Nora Foley: And the rare rare earth elements are plotted along the X axis, so what we found for this profile is that the total rare earths for individual samples ranged from 300 to around 3000 ppm total waivers and the regular.

67
00:11:48.800 --> 00:12:00.890
Nora Foley: The clay rich sample or credit, we found also they play rich soils contained from two to up to about five times the total rare earth elements compared to the bedrock.

68
00:12:02.270 --> 00:12:15.770
Nora Foley: These clay rich soils also showed a distinctive serum anomaly in earth element plots and relative increases in the errors from lance and them down to dispose of them.

69
00:12:16.700 --> 00:12:30.650
Nora Foley: So now, the marathon that concentrations in bulk regolith samples include both are ease edged sword to clay and also a rare earth elements in residual igneous minerals like Mon, as I zircon.

70
00:12:31.100 --> 00:12:39.170
Nora Foley: xena time and the like, so we needed to conduct leaching experiments to measure the actual amount of ads or rare earth elements.

71
00:12:41.540 --> 00:12:58.700
Nora Foley: And this this slide shows extraction results for the previous profile on the y axis, here we plotted the readily extract of rare earth elements in percent and the orange bars identify individual samples within the profile.

72
00:13:00.020 --> 00:13:09.290
Nora Foley: So the leech data are for a mild acid leach which basically removes ads or rare earth elements and also some of the soluble.

73
00:13:09.740 --> 00:13:23.390
Nora Foley: of rare earth elements, minerals, so this type of a leech extraction or leach is a really comparable to the current methods that are used to offer extraction mining of rare earth elements from clays.

74
00:13:24.470 --> 00:13:38.660
Nora Foley: OK, so the upper diagram shows that the extracted library elements were in the range of 30 to about 50% and the lower diagram shows that the extracted headwear elements ranged from 30 to about 72.

75
00:13:39.680 --> 00:13:48.740
Nora Foley: So now, with this data set, we see that the the total of the soluble Ari ease account or an average about 40% in this in this particular profile.

76
00:13:49.220 --> 00:13:57.020
Nora Foley: And this equates to a valid value of about nine an average value of 900 parts per million total rivers.

77
00:13:57.410 --> 00:14:11.300
Nora Foley: And this is well above the cutoff grade of about 500 parts per million for a deposits that are currently mind in South China, so the next question, we wanted to ask course was what is really weathering to form these rare earth element clays.

78
00:14:13.190 --> 00:14:23.870
Nora Foley: Now the stores full polluted and, in fact, most of the similar energetic grants in the southeast contain abundant Alan I, as well as a wide variety of other rare element.

79
00:14:24.290 --> 00:14:33.290
Nora Foley: Bearing minerals so for the students will gluten we used I in micro data which we collected at the usgs Stanford university shrimp lab.

80
00:14:33.830 --> 00:14:45.440
Nora Foley: To establish that these Allen nights are like the middle earth element enriched and they contain on the order of await percent total where are 18 to 25%.

81
00:14:46.370 --> 00:14:57.170
Nora Foley: Total visitors and those data are shown in the lower contract normalized rare earth element plot for the ammonites that are shown in the photograph above.

82
00:14:58.310 --> 00:15:15.320
Nora Foley: So using this technique, we also found that zircon in this particular gluten containing unusually high rare earth elements up to about two away percent are ease and okay so then again the other minerals listed here like fluoride garnet tight night time.

83
00:15:17.450 --> 00:15:32.750
Nora Foley: Also contained are ease and we found that at stewart's fill in general, these minerals either have generally very low Ari contents or their volumetric Lee minor in the grant so Ellen I really is the primary host of already ease in this Granite.

84
00:15:35.630 --> 00:15:40.310
Nora Foley: So the mineral mineral Allah nice weather is very rapidly and the climate of the southeast us.

85
00:15:40.790 --> 00:15:47.930
Nora Foley: And we found that enrichment of our ease in the regular is likely, a result of Allah night weathering in the Granite.

86
00:15:48.770 --> 00:16:02.120
Nora Foley: This some on the far figure on the far left is a SEM backscatter electron image showing a highly altered Allah night and all the bright areas distributed throughout this grain are rare earth elements.

87
00:16:02.690 --> 00:16:16.250
Nora Foley: The Middle backscatter electron image shows that these are he is sort to the edges and inner layer sites of the claim minerals and i've just made them shown a microphone map of neodymium in one of those inset areas on the far right.

88
00:16:17.480 --> 00:16:31.250
Nora Foley: Now, if you look at this red circles on this first photo you can also see bright spots of our ears that are redistributed into the surrounding regolith materials within altered felts bars by a tights and courts.

89
00:16:34.100 --> 00:16:42.350
Nora Foley: So i'm here are the steps that we identify in the regular that led to formation of the rare earth element enriched regular at.

90
00:16:43.580 --> 00:17:01.190
Nora Foley: stewart's fill first of all, the night breaks down to release worth elements and then these are ease can be physically or chemically absorbed to clays generally now tonight and kale the nights that are formed by weathering of silicate minerals like felt spark and by attire.

91
00:17:02.510 --> 00:17:13.670
Nora Foley: But some rare earth elements also precipitate has oxide phosphate and carbonate minerals throughout the regular and the far left on this slide shows serum.

92
00:17:14.720 --> 00:17:26.390
Nora Foley: oxides and serum based mono sites that infill active segments and infill in open space within the regular now the three.

93
00:17:27.530 --> 00:17:30.800
Nora Foley: The three slides on the to the right show.

94
00:17:32.930 --> 00:17:41.030
Nora Foley: Essentially site, which is a library elements floor carbonate mineral Dover right which is a heavy rare earth elements floral carbonate mineral.

95
00:17:42.530 --> 00:17:55.880
Nora Foley: That and show that they also infill in cracks and open space within the regular and I just added a microscope map of your room, which outlines that Dover right circling court springs in the regular.

96
00:17:59.540 --> 00:18:10.370
Nora Foley: So the rare earth elements that are released by weathering of Alan it can be either ads or to clay or precipitated as either soluble or insoluble minerals throughout the developing regular.

97
00:18:11.090 --> 00:18:20.750
Nora Foley: Now this redistribution is influenced by local micro chemical domains, which are defined by factors that crow control solubility in the aqueous phase.

98
00:18:21.260 --> 00:18:40.670
Nora Foley: For example, PA just the dominant control on the ED selection of the rare earth on to claim minerals now, in contrast to the precipitation of or the conversion of Syria Syria night serum oxide is the function of the redux state within the.

99
00:18:41.720 --> 00:18:59.720
Nora Foley: The regular and if you have the presence of complex and agents like phosphorus flooring or carbonic tied up that can result in precipitation of either Mona site or some of the more interesting soluble where element of little carbonates likes interest like in Dover right.

100
00:19:02.450 --> 00:19:15.230
Nora Foley: So our results have demonstrated that there's certainly a significant potential in the southeastern us for the currents of regular hosted are equally deposits of the types that are currently being mined in China.

101
00:19:15.890 --> 00:19:25.220
Nora Foley: Now, identifying a rare earth element regulus is just the first step towards assessing the potential for these resources to occur in the US.

102
00:19:25.790 --> 00:19:38.840
Nora Foley: So our studies have also shown that worth element ions ads or to claim minerals in many types of clearing deposits, such as organic related caitlin's some shale shale formations inbox sites.

103
00:19:39.410 --> 00:19:55.580
Nora Foley: So it is our hope that some of the earth MRI funded activities which Jane will describe a little later in the session opened up many new avenues of research in the exploration for clay related rare resources, thank you.

104
00:19:58.880 --> 00:20:00.050
Jane: Can you hear me now.

105
00:20:00.680 --> 00:20:02.270
Jane: Yes, okay good.

106
00:20:02.810 --> 00:20:03.680
Arthur Merschat: Sorry, oh great.

107
00:20:05.090 --> 00:20:13.610
Arthur Merschat: Thank you very much, thank you very much for being able to to step in there first there do we have any questions from Nora excellent talk.

108
00:20:18.110 --> 00:20:19.400
Arthur Merschat: I have have one.

109
00:20:20.930 --> 00:20:21.770
Nora Foley: Okay, all right.

110
00:20:22.130 --> 00:20:28.910
Arthur Merschat: I have one question, though, so, is it primarily that with the grants that the a type is being the most know is.

111
00:20:29.540 --> 00:20:44.090
Arthur Merschat: has more Alan night and caring rare earth minerals, where this maybe there are other types of grants throughout the inner peace or throughout the you know the appalachians It may also have our nights and rare earth minerals as well, or have the potential.

112
00:20:45.200 --> 00:20:56.240
Nora Foley: yes and yes, the antigenic granites you know, of course, have this this you know tend to have this really high high concentration of a lot of the really interesting elements like.

113
00:20:58.460 --> 00:21:05.870
Nora Foley: Like the rare earth elements, as well as flooring and some of the other things, but, in addition, and one thing the liberty hill studies that we talked about.

114
00:21:06.290 --> 00:21:21.080
Nora Foley: that's like a more of a typical business or I type granted, but there at the key in that situation is to look for the more highly fraction needed igneous type grants for you get that accumulation of the rare earth elements in our suite of.

115
00:21:22.580 --> 00:21:26.450
Interesting a critical elements within the really highly fragmented.

116
00:21:27.470 --> 00:21:32.000
Nora Foley: Industry type granted so So those are the kind of like the two main.

117
00:21:33.530 --> 00:21:39.080
Nora Foley: source rocks that we that we really look for and and the key to having a.

118
00:21:39.920 --> 00:21:54.470
Nora Foley: developing these really high mobile rare earth elements within the regular is to have a source rock that's enrich To begin with, it just makes it one step further along the path to really getting a regular enriched and there's also.

119
00:21:55.100 --> 00:21:57.680
Arthur Merschat: Thank you, nor um so I guess we'll.

120
00:21:58.790 --> 00:22:06.080
Arthur Merschat: we'll go ahead and move back to what was our original talk this morning good on schedule, so thank you again for excellent talk nor and vino step in there, like that.

121
00:22:06.680 --> 00:22:19.460
Arthur Merschat: To really go back now to usgs earth mapping resources initiative support for data acquisition through partnerships with state geological surveys worn day and Jane hamstrung and Jane hamish from will be presenting.

122
00:22:22.940 --> 00:22:24.770
Jane: Okay, can you see my screen.

123
00:22:28.520 --> 00:22:30.710
Jane: Oh, now I need to unmute myself.

124
00:22:31.010 --> 00:22:32.120
Arthur Merschat: Now we can hear you we can hear you.

125
00:22:32.840 --> 00:22:34.550
Arthur Merschat: Can you see you don't see your side, yet.

126
00:22:35.000 --> 00:22:36.650
Jane: Oh, my goodness, give it a second.

127
00:22:37.940 --> 00:22:40.010
Jane: let's take a minute to load okay.

128
00:22:42.140 --> 00:22:49.490
Arthur Merschat: And I guess also i'll put my hand up and we have 15 minutes three 417 minutes and then i'll have to cut anyone off at 20.

129
00:22:50.150 --> 00:22:50.840
Okay.

130
00:22:52.010 --> 00:22:55.610
Jane: Tell me, when you can see my screen not yeah my goodness.

131
00:23:01.760 --> 00:23:02.150
Jane: No.

132
00:23:02.960 --> 00:23:03.410
No.

133
00:23:05.360 --> 00:23:06.200
Jane: Oh, my goodness.

134
00:23:07.520 --> 00:23:10.190
Jane: shoot Now you can hear me and you can't see me.

135
00:23:12.530 --> 00:23:15.170
Jane: it's on both of my screens, let me.

136
00:23:18.200 --> 00:23:22.130
Jane: Oh wait a minute, maybe, that was a problem now Can you see it.

137
00:23:24.140 --> 00:23:25.670
Jane: yep okay.

138
00:23:25.730 --> 00:23:29.180
Arthur Merschat: Its arms sure enough so students started sharing screen, we can see it you're on.

139
00:23:29.510 --> 00:23:39.770
Jane: Okay sorry too many screens okay so ah and you're seeing the one that says earth mapping resources with the Green.

140
00:23:40.490 --> 00:23:51.620
Jane: Okay gotcha okay really sorry about that I finally changed computers so i'm really pleased to not start up 50 the second person in the session, highlighting the activities of earth MRI.

141
00:23:52.280 --> 00:24:08.600
Jane: In particular, for the southeast region so i'm going to give a little background on the project update you on the current status and introduce some of the activities that you heard about and you'll hear about more in this session so usgs launched earth MRI and.

142
00:24:09.980 --> 00:24:15.710
Jane: In response to a need for information on potential domestic sources of critical minerals.

143
00:24:16.250 --> 00:24:25.610
Jane: If you're not familiar with it, I think everybody here is but it's a national scale collaborative collaborative effort with the Association of American state geologists.

144
00:24:26.330 --> 00:24:37.820
Jane: The idea is, we want to identify and prioritize areas for acquisition of new data on new geologic mapping to your physical data arrow magnetic and airborne radio metric surveys.

145
00:24:38.390 --> 00:24:53.780
Jane: and identify where we need light our data and the ideas to improve our knowledge of the geologic framework of the United States, not only for critical mineral resources, but for these other potential applications for energy hazards and so forth.

146
00:24:55.160 --> 00:25:08.720
Jane: So the presidential order executive order in 2017 directed the usgs in coordination with other eight federal agencies to draft a list of critical minerals.

147
00:25:09.320 --> 00:25:23.300
Jane: And our national minerals information Center at the usgs developed a quantitative screening tool to come up with this list of 35 critical minerals that you see here for earth MRI.

148
00:25:24.500 --> 00:25:25.040
Jane: Sorry.

149
00:25:26.540 --> 00:25:33.560
Jane: We needed to divide this into some phases in order to be able to accomplish the project.

150
00:25:33.980 --> 00:25:44.870
Jane: So we grew up the critical minerals into these phases, so we could first identify the high priority critical minerals, where were the rear of the element group being one of the highest.

151
00:25:45.380 --> 00:25:56.150
Jane: And we did that the first year we been included rearers again in phase two for this group of 11 commodities and we completed that work.

152
00:25:56.510 --> 00:26:10.430
Jane: Last year, and came out with a an open file report and a data release for the GIs and the supporting data that included things like aluminum that could come from bauxite titanium from plaster deposits.

153
00:26:11.300 --> 00:26:19.670
Jane: We are currently working on getting the data out for phase three for these commodities, we worked on these with the states at.

154
00:26:20.270 --> 00:26:31.940
Jane: Virtual workshops last fall and that data, hopefully, will be coming out early summer so what we have left to do, are these commodities such as business Hillary them and so on.

155
00:26:32.330 --> 00:26:51.290
Jane: And these are a little bit of a challenge, because these aren't primary commodities of mining they're going to be by products or co products and their recovery is going to be largely dependent on the economics of recovery and market forces, so this slide on the left, shows the.

156
00:26:52.340 --> 00:27:04.880
Jane: US net import reliance for of different commodities and a lot of these critical minerals, such as floor Spar and gallium and graphite and indium and manganese.

157
00:27:05.300 --> 00:27:16.370
Jane: Are things that the US is 100% import reliant on, and you can see, on the right that over time we've had growing us net import reliance for many commodities.

158
00:27:17.480 --> 00:27:26.210
Jane: The critical minerals, in particular, things that we weren't using so much 50 years ago but they're increasingly important for green technologies solar.

159
00:27:26.630 --> 00:27:39.920
Jane: car batteries for electric cars so it's not only critical things are not only critical because of a net import reliance, but it can also be that the supply chain could be vulnerable to disruption.

160
00:27:40.400 --> 00:27:47.450
Jane: Or the commodities essential for manufacturing or for national security and we'd really be in trouble if we didn't have it.

161
00:27:48.140 --> 00:27:59.120
Jane: So this map shows the ongoing project areas, so the Gray in the bath are all the focus areas for these phase two critical minerals.

162
00:27:59.510 --> 00:28:13.670
Jane: And then these other colors show where we have ongoing projects were able to fund about 1415 mapping projects every year Those are two year projects that started in fiscal year 19.

163
00:28:14.420 --> 00:28:27.620
Jane: We are able to fund fewer airborne geophysical surveys, because they're much more expensive and some of that work was impeded a bit by coven this year but hope to get those things flowing this year and then.

164
00:28:28.220 --> 00:28:34.400
Jane: Some lidar surveys that are done by the three debt program and i'll talk a little bit more about the geochemistry.

165
00:28:35.480 --> 00:28:49.220
Jane: One of the success stories so far has been an increase in high quality airborne geophysical data, you can see, on this map the earth MRI rank one surveys or geophysicist looked at all the available.

166
00:28:50.030 --> 00:29:00.980
Jane: mag and radio metric data for the country and ranked the existing coverage and we have very little ranked one and two and that's the high quality digital data that's.

167
00:29:01.220 --> 00:29:07.730
Jane: most useful for geologic mapping and for looking for potential deposits, under cover.

168
00:29:08.210 --> 00:29:17.450
Jane: So the good news is that we've doubled the amount of rank one data and sobering news is that it will take a really long time to get good coverage for the country.

169
00:29:17.660 --> 00:29:23.240
Jane: So we really have to select areas for new data, where we're going to get the most bang for our buck.

170
00:29:24.050 --> 00:29:44.120
Jane: So drilling in on activities in the south, east and you're be hearing more about these in this session, the ongoing lidar the ongoing mapping are these red boxes, the geophysical surveys are in green and some of these pink areas are areas of focus for to chemical recognizance.

171
00:29:45.140 --> 00:29:50.540
Jane: So we've adopted a mineral systems approach to critical mineral inventory and assessment.

172
00:29:50.990 --> 00:30:00.860
Jane: The idea of a mineral system is it it's a family of or deposits that are genetically linked in time and space and shared geologic tectonic processes.

173
00:30:01.250 --> 00:30:10.370
Jane: So in the southeast i've highlighted some plaster system deposit types that are very important and that's the components of the heavy mineral sands.

174
00:30:10.730 --> 00:30:24.140
Jane: This mineral systems framework was developed in the usgs by l hofstra and Doug greiner and they put out an open file report on that last spring, that includes this table there is.

175
00:30:24.620 --> 00:30:32.360
Jane: As we move through the project we've needed to add more systems and deposit types and so there'll be an update coming out later this year.

176
00:30:33.470 --> 00:30:43.310
Jane: So the idea of the class or systems, as shown here in a cartoon we have both flavio plasters shoreline beach plasters Paleo plasters.

177
00:30:43.790 --> 00:30:53.480
Jane: And these form and drainage basins and along shorelines where we have topographic relief and gravity driven flow of surface water or title and wind action.

178
00:30:53.810 --> 00:31:02.900
Jane: So that the plaster systems can concentrate the insoluble resistant minerals to get liberated from various rock types and mineral occurrences.

179
00:31:04.100 --> 00:31:08.510
Jane: So this map shows in purple all of the plaster.

180
00:31:10.010 --> 00:31:16.100
Jane: systems that we've focus areas for plaster systems that we've identified in the eastern us.

181
00:31:16.490 --> 00:31:34.940
Jane: And then you can see these green areas where we have geophysical surveys and Andy Shaw, is going to talk about the application of geophysical surveys to plasters and how this kind of data can be really important and looking from source to the West to sink farther east.

182
00:31:37.250 --> 00:31:48.260
Jane: Another important mineral system for the southeast is a chemical weathering system and we heard about the regolith items orb should rare earth potential from Nora.

183
00:31:48.920 --> 00:31:58.280
Jane: We also have bauxite clay can have super gene manganese and also some uranium deposits associated with chemical weathering systems.

184
00:31:59.150 --> 00:32:13.400
Jane: Now chemical weathering systems operate and stable areas of low to moderate relief with sufficient rainfall to chemically dissolve and concentrate elements that are present in various rock types by downwards circle it.

185
00:32:13.910 --> 00:32:27.980
Jane: down or percolation of surface water in the unsaturated zone and chemical gradients can cause different elements to be concentrated at different positions in the weathering profile, so we know that bauxite a ladder I.

186
00:32:28.550 --> 00:32:42.800
Jane: are restricted to formation and tropical climates, but many other types of chemical weathering systems can form in more temperate and arid climates, so this cartoon shows an example, we can have uranium can be.

187
00:32:44.120 --> 00:33:03.260
Jane: precipitated and reduced by organic material with coal, we can get bauxite formation and in the appalachian there's a string of small manganese oxide deposits and here's a photograph of an example from a paper by carmichael and others showing manganese oxides in northeast Tennessee.

188
00:33:04.400 --> 00:33:15.800
Jane: So the slide on the Left outlines all the focus areas in the east for chemical weathering systems and the slide on the right shows those coded by deposit type.

189
00:33:16.130 --> 00:33:29.720
Jane: So the red or the box sites, the orange are these areas of potential manganese deposits, the green of the big belt of Grenada crocs it, nor was talking about that could potentially host.

190
00:33:30.770 --> 00:33:48.650
Jane: rare earths a regular deposits and then scattered around, we have all this book colored area, these are clays high aluminum under claims that are associated with coal and those are of interest for potential rare earth aluminum and and possibly lithium.

191
00:33:50.030 --> 00:33:50.600
Jane: So.

192
00:33:51.860 --> 00:34:02.150
Jane: For some of these deposit types we don't need geologic mapping or geophysics as much as we need geochemical reconnaissance so that's been the case for the.

193
00:34:02.720 --> 00:34:12.980
Jane: Rare earth and lithium enrich tie aluminum under clays in these buff colored areas and, similarly, there are fast fabric units, especially.

194
00:34:13.550 --> 00:34:21.440
Jane: In the devonian phosphates of the appalachian and Illinois basin it's been demonstrated that those contain rare earths.

195
00:34:21.980 --> 00:34:32.540
Jane: there's technology available to extract those rare earths and another important factor is that they are enriched in heavy as well as light rare earth.

196
00:34:33.050 --> 00:34:46.340
Jane: So there's do chemical sampling going on, focused on the static units these older ones we haven't looked at the younger miocene pliocene phosphates along the east coast.

197
00:34:46.820 --> 00:34:54.950
Jane: and also on these underplays and there's a poster that you'll see later by the West Virginia geological survey on this.

198
00:34:55.280 --> 00:35:03.710
Jane: So what happens is at the state geological surveys go out and collect the samples they submit them to the usgs and we get them analyzed.

199
00:35:03.980 --> 00:35:19.430
Jane: And the very first day to release of geochemical samples locations of which are plotted these black dots came out just a couple of weeks ago there's a lot more samples that are being analyzed right now so stay tuned there's a lot more on the way.

200
00:35:20.720 --> 00:35:33.320
Jane: And finally, if you're interested in the ongoing projects if you go to the usgs and look under the special topics for earth MRI you can see the earth MRI acquisitions viewer.

201
00:35:33.650 --> 00:35:44.300
Jane: And you can hone in on individual projects and, for example, this red areas and area that's being mapped by the Virginia division of geology.

202
00:35:44.630 --> 00:35:54.440
Jane: For class or potential and there's a poster session by billy lasseter that talks about this and other critical mineral potential in the State of Virginia.

203
00:35:55.280 --> 00:36:08.870
Jane: So I if you have any questions about individual projects, the contacts are there, and you can see all the ongoing projects on this site and with that i'll be happy to entertain any questions.

204
00:36:11.660 --> 00:36:23.270
Arthur Merschat: Thank you Jane Thank you amazing amazing to cover everything that's going on with them are it's really amazing initiative of all the various remapping and do physics and chemistry is being tied into.

205
00:36:23.630 --> 00:36:29.780
Jane: This is only in the East, when you look at the whole country is pretty over cast 1000 volunteer to help us do.

206
00:36:31.340 --> 00:36:39.650
Arthur Merschat: We do have, we have a question from Anthony and i'm going to i'm going to unmute Anthony who said you'd be willing to ask the question.

207
00:36:39.950 --> 00:36:49.700
Arthur Merschat: So again, if you have a question just either put it in the chat or just say, I have a question to the group and we'll try to get you and unmute you and let you too.

208
00:36:50.930 --> 00:36:52.490
Jane: Okay i'd be happy to answer.

209
00:36:54.110 --> 00:36:55.160
Jane: What was the question.

210
00:36:56.420 --> 00:37:04.310
Anthony Boxleiter: I Jane this is at the student in geosciences here in Georgia, and it was a really great presentation, one question I have for you is.

211
00:37:04.910 --> 00:37:15.020
Anthony Boxleiter: Also, to follow up with nora's presentation, been a lot of investigation in the southeast for regular hosted deposits, as compared to the the well known deposits in China.

212
00:37:15.350 --> 00:37:17.180
Anthony Boxleiter: Is what place or deposits.

213
00:37:18.260 --> 00:37:32.540
Anthony Boxleiter: Has there been much investigation into the potential for you know cemetery kalan based deposits like they've seen in Japan for the you know enrichment potential in those sort of you know cemetery deposits.

214
00:37:33.470 --> 00:37:38.600
Jane: I don't know you know the the clay work is focused on the under claims in.

215
00:37:39.620 --> 00:37:45.950
Jane: I guess the southern most ones are in West Virginia and maybe nowhere can answer that she knows more about clays and I do.

216
00:37:48.920 --> 00:37:50.300
Jane: Nora any comments.

217
00:37:52.040 --> 00:37:53.090
Jane: Oh, nor you're muted.

218
00:37:57.890 --> 00:38:08.630
Nora Foley: You yeah the underclass the underclass dice aliens in West Virginia, but but we've also looked at sedimentary sequences you know sedimentary clays in the southeastern us.

219
00:38:08.990 --> 00:38:17.870
Nora Foley: Like a particularly in South Carolina and Georgia and done studies on those and some of those extreme white clays very highly altered are actually.

220
00:38:18.410 --> 00:38:28.370
Nora Foley: There there so whether to the extent when then where most of the mobile where the elements had been removed and what remains is the original residual things like Mona site and.

221
00:38:29.480 --> 00:38:41.300
Nora Foley: xena time So yes, there you know the The key thing for the regular posted clays and and also this works for the thunder clays within the coals is that these are not so.

222
00:38:41.780 --> 00:38:50.120
Nora Foley: intensely weather, so that all the mobile elements are stripped as well and I worked with some of the the Georgia claim producers to.

223
00:38:50.810 --> 00:38:56.990
Nora Foley: get some of those sequences down there and there you tend to get a very, very clean beautiful white clay, with very little.

224
00:38:57.890 --> 00:39:08.510
Nora Foley: Mobile rare earth elements, but there are costs associated mana sites and xena times, all the residual refractory realm of minerals retain are retained in those skills so sequences so.

225
00:39:09.020 --> 00:39:15.140
Nora Foley: um there is there is kind of like a sweet spot in weathering that we're looking at when we want to identify.

226
00:39:16.250 --> 00:39:16.970
perspective.

227
00:39:19.640 --> 00:39:20.660
perspective sequence.

228
00:39:23.120 --> 00:39:24.710
Anthony Boxleiter: Thanks, thank you.

229
00:39:24.770 --> 00:39:30.140
Arthur Merschat: Thank you um so we can we have a question from Isaac allard.

230
00:39:31.490 --> 00:39:31.760
Arthur Merschat: gonna.

231
00:39:32.810 --> 00:39:33.920
Arthur Merschat: unmute you if you'd like.

232
00:39:39.200 --> 00:39:42.620
Arthur Merschat: And you can ask ask your question about money of underclothes.

233
00:39:43.730 --> 00:39:49.820
Isaac Allred: I was just curious about the environmental implications of mining these under clays and static units.

234
00:39:52.400 --> 00:39:52.910
Jane: um.

235
00:39:53.990 --> 00:40:01.520
Jane: I don't really have any information on that, I mean compared to a lot of other deposit types you're not going to have the sulfites and the acid mind during it.

236
00:40:03.200 --> 00:40:10.310
Jane: I I haven't followed that so i'm really not aware of that, if somebody else has some ideas i'd be happy to let them answer for you.

237
00:40:11.660 --> 00:40:16.460
Arthur Merschat: And that may be so we'll be able to have more in the discussion on on some of this part of as well, so.

238
00:40:16.490 --> 00:40:31.550
Arthur Merschat: That question as well, and this will kind of give us allow us to kind of move on to our third talking won't be as far off of our schedule so So hopefully we can kind of visit this back in our discussion, right after our next talk and I guess our next talk is going to be.

239
00:40:33.680 --> 00:40:48.740
Arthur Merschat: Recent earth mapping resources initiative and other critical minerals related activities by the Alabama geological survey by Dane Vander hooked and john whitmore in sandy ebersole and Dane will be presenting.

240
00:40:54.710 --> 00:41:02.300
Dane VanDervoort: morning everyone, my name is Dane renewable energy geological survey of Alabama I work in the survey largest non dual rock.

241
00:41:03.890 --> 00:41:14.750
Dane VanDervoort: day of giving a presentation on some recent critical minerals blood work done by our agency I don't recent earth metal resources issue and other critical mineral rich learning activities by the Alabama geological survey.

242
00:41:17.000 --> 00:41:27.050
Dane VanDervoort: Right so tell us a bit or had at this point, but as you're all aware United States is heavily reliant on important certain commodities that are vital to ensuring the continuous security, economic prosperity.

243
00:41:28.070 --> 00:41:38.570
Dane VanDervoort: In 20 18% to executive order 138 months the US geological survey publish an updated list identify 35 Minutes that were deemed as being critical by the Department of Interior.

244
00:41:39.740 --> 00:41:44.210
Dane VanDervoort: 35 minutes, and one of them has known resources, or at least 19.

245
00:41:45.260 --> 00:41:50.750
Dane VanDervoort: Of these may have as many as 26 these quick confirm deposits prospects differences.

246
00:41:51.950 --> 00:42:05.750
Dane VanDervoort: are sitting there right brilliant chromium cobalt flooring graphite Libyan magnesium manganese platinum group metals birth elements tantalum.

247
00:42:06.380 --> 00:42:20.060
Dane VanDervoort: tin titanium uranium, maybe Canadian funds are coding, as well as potential prospects and currencies of value germanium hacking Indian may have been bringing in flame.

248
00:42:25.370 --> 00:42:33.320
Dane VanDervoort: elder of the month, less than a month natural natural resource, it was litigation to be not insignificant amount of gold production during the early 1900s.

249
00:42:33.860 --> 00:42:43.370
Dane VanDervoort: Its production was important factor in the early history of Alabama it's the total amount of gold will come up mom wasn't as great as some of the other more common festive goldfields.

250
00:42:44.810 --> 00:42:52.160
Dane VanDervoort: That being the case, the search for gold did stimulate their own some of its production provider means compared to what, for many of the areas habits.

251
00:42:53.360 --> 00:43:06.830
Dane VanDervoort: Following the California gold rush in 1849 most of the gold miners let's say prospecting and small scale money to continue to this day, many prospecting fits timelines are still being an opener many parts to go over.

252
00:43:09.500 --> 00:43:15.470
Dane VanDervoort: prospecting email was revived from the time the freshman gold and subsequent discovery the copper, Nice and thick.

253
00:43:17.510 --> 00:43:18.440
Dane VanDervoort: However, this excitement.

254
00:43:20.090 --> 00:43:21.080
Dane VanDervoort: Of the civil war.

255
00:43:22.670 --> 00:43:25.370
Dane VanDervoort: Money assault by middle of the month.

256
00:43:26.480 --> 00:43:36.020
Dane VanDervoort: Following the end of the civil war industry were battling on your discovery of arsenic in our deposits around the credit for district in clay and counties.

257
00:43:38.480 --> 00:43:50.000
Dane VanDervoort: Some inquiries and grab it for later identified from the cemetery rock so the more of the month, during the late 1818 by 1899 the first refined graphic products are being shipments from Alabama.

258
00:43:51.830 --> 00:43:53.090
Dane VanDervoort: rabbi prospecting but.

259
00:43:54.950 --> 00:44:16.310
Dane VanDervoort: But the early 1900s early 1900s Alabama ranked among the top domestic states record production continued from the rabbi bill until he reached its peak during World War one over 7.8 pounds of evolution playing tennis alone 1918 1933 over 80 million tons of.

260
00:44:17.360 --> 00:44:18.800
Dane VanDervoort: Material i've been pleased.

261
00:44:21.770 --> 00:44:23.180
Dane VanDervoort: With led to the development of arch.

262
00:44:24.470 --> 00:44:33.320
Dane VanDervoort: By the early 1950s one production render the northern too much crap I have some economic and demographic graphite mining with now demographic though let's see.

263
00:44:35.030 --> 00:44:45.440
Dane VanDervoort: Send mineralization and not to be associated with taking place at the moment, since the 1880s However it wasn't until the early 1930s, for a series prospecting began.

264
00:44:46.640 --> 00:44:57.500
Dane VanDervoort: The need for domestic 10 spot on outbreak of World War Two resulted in several attempts to develop these 10 prospects by the early 1940s over 10,000 to have been produced from area.

265
00:44:59.450 --> 00:45:01.370
Dane VanDervoort: Production fine fine in the world.

266
00:45:02.540 --> 00:45:05.240
Dane VanDervoort: But in a renewed interest in any associated metals.

267
00:45:06.260 --> 00:45:14.450
Dane VanDervoort: resulted in a reexamination of the area during the late 1970s and early 1980s, however, much like what happens so often domestic mining industry.

268
00:45:14.990 --> 00:45:24.200
Dane VanDervoort: technological advances and the inundation of foreign material made these resources of economic by the 1990s in money in order to might help me.

269
00:45:26.690 --> 00:45:39.920
Dane VanDervoort: Okay, so despite the fact that he hosts and abundance of resources, it remains one of the most poorly understood parts of the southern appalachian origin you're largely in Part Two will possibly have detailed map investigations analyses of its constituent terrains.

270
00:45:41.150 --> 00:45:50.900
Dane VanDervoort: At present, the GSA willing, has a limited number of people putting a suite of eliminate county mental resource maths that we're all please at least 30 years ago.

271
00:45:52.130 --> 00:46:02.180
Dane VanDervoort: In addition to this, the GSA department has only six published partnering with skills and 50 $500 and that part's the entirety of the run a paternalistic cover the region.

272
00:46:03.980 --> 00:46:18.260
Dane VanDervoort: since the inception of the usgs statement for GSA is previously folks all it's mapping efforts on other more rapidly developing see and as a result, know detailed investigations to think about the GSA can be on for over 30 years.

273
00:46:23.180 --> 00:46:34.820
Dane VanDervoort: into the historic production documented people cause for modern re appraisal of the currently known on the resource as much of the currently available published data it's not taking into account.

274
00:46:35.960 --> 00:46:40.220
Dane VanDervoort: Modern right, which have made some economically profitable to target.

275
00:46:40.850 --> 00:46:50.360
Dane VanDervoort: Nor does his account for changing technologies which have created a demand for go and buy commodities and made many of these resources themselves economically profitable target.

276
00:46:51.290 --> 00:47:05.210
Dane VanDervoort: So do today's for production and sheer volume of stuff on the GSA GSA was able to identify at least eight different earth my mental focus areas in this part of state.

277
00:47:08.930 --> 00:47:16.910
Dane VanDervoort: Based on the reply program usgs I didn't want three equipment all seriousness United States and had a high potential any granted drive.

278
00:47:17.300 --> 00:47:27.590
Dane VanDervoort: we're going to wear a helmet bearing I adoption play puzzles and that's been seen in the bigger than the right to these folks areas, Neil gaiman and allegheny book series.

279
00:47:28.190 --> 00:47:35.840
Dane VanDervoort: Come scenario approximately 4250 square miles of the region, covering courts have nine different candidates and Alabama.

280
00:47:37.520 --> 00:47:53.870
Dane VanDervoort: In 2019 GSA in with medicare methods and project, one of the boundary of these key focus areas in order to attempt to identify potential sources of Granite Dr rare earth element bearing play deposits in the eastern leverage and terrains.

281
00:47:59.480 --> 00:48:08.120
Dane VanDervoort: These can be rich and interview not trained as opposed to political alumnus missiles to classic rock and a lot by level, but often cross their.

282
00:48:08.570 --> 00:48:21.770
Dane VanDervoort: fingers and order entry by I in an s type Meta grant boys that were formed in place phone complex series of autonomy, more than once, when does this county acadian do painting and allocating projects.

283
00:48:23.360 --> 00:48:39.290
Dane VanDervoort: Although this is Chris rock's very compositional granted granted direct transmission tunnel, like the kinetic to grant or diabetic Ross generally tend to consistent find a very for spring testing records that exhibit high like or even there's strong me art and.

284
00:48:41.420 --> 00:48:51.020
Dane VanDervoort: where's the transmitted from a little rock's generally tend to consist of finding me hearing look at some grand points that exhibit slight like our emotional and strong have already.

285
00:48:53.540 --> 00:49:06.110
Dane VanDervoort: expressed work this investigation include details you automatically and regular simply on the milltown run run West a lot of the self funding, however, due to the limited available really suitable outcrops percent.

286
00:49:07.280 --> 00:49:13.310
Dane VanDervoort: sample we're also put them online beliefs mellow valley new site will feel you want the more fun.

287
00:49:15.590 --> 00:49:31.220
Dane VanDervoort: and interesting units that retargeting simply on the aforementioned cooperative click the old and translate the black screen Okay, which of course thyroid hormones are like zane agreement the plasma nice long island creek Nice and the rock was pointing it.

288
00:49:36.140 --> 00:49:45.830
Dane VanDervoort: As previously mentioned the chance day has only published on the entirety of our emails, however, that being the case, we do have an abundance of had that coverage area.

289
00:49:46.790 --> 00:50:01.580
Dane VanDervoort: So what we have here is a compilation of these my graduate students work with Dr mark cell phone versus just experienced some of those students mapping along the bottom and battery of the instrument is interpret Piedmont trains essential part of Alabama.

290
00:50:04.700 --> 00:50:13.190
Dane VanDervoort: I want my now wife, rather than colleague john which one had the opportunity to work with Ms project in this area health officer mysteries of over.

291
00:50:13.850 --> 00:50:26.270
Dane VanDervoort: This gentleman, I have a good elements in place rocks both are fine our priests event mapping one, while the south milltown run a request in order to create a suite of for new Jewish mass this part not region.

292
00:50:27.980 --> 00:50:40.640
Dane VanDervoort: So, despite the fact that these quarter and also previously that under the program they require additional fields supplementation and geologic data as well as a careful we have the GIs data in order to generate the report particular project deliverables.

293
00:50:42.200 --> 00:50:56.150
Dane VanDervoort: are starting this project GSA already had partial non justifying databases for the run of the mill town in the South Korea that included unit shape files, as well as Guild spaceship logic structural data.

294
00:50:57.440 --> 00:51:08.480
Dane VanDervoort: such as these three bubbles on their part minimal verification supplementation and revision of that works great just by Judy races ups that are mandated by the Program.

295
00:51:12.560 --> 00:51:21.110
Dane VanDervoort: Okay, so no additional July basis for GPS exists for a name that one or West one over we didn't have access to knowledge ups.

296
00:51:22.550 --> 00:51:27.170
Dane VanDervoort: on the map non request which we use to eliminate really correlate.

297
00:51:30.500 --> 00:51:34.790
Dane VanDervoort: With contacts instructors tsunami, while the north quadrangle as well on the.

298
00:51:35.990 --> 00:51:37.670
Dane VanDervoort: Wireless out Milton is.

299
00:51:39.440 --> 00:51:50.150
Dane VanDervoort: happening in real time, while the south park very clear, towards the end of last year and a half north, east and west expecting completed over the course to be completed, over the course of the next few months.

300
00:51:54.050 --> 00:52:00.410
Dane VanDervoort: So in addition to the metal we also put the 97 samples of revel in the various banquet bodies and interact back near.

301
00:52:01.610 --> 00:52:09.380
Dane VanDervoort: gel exposures are specifically targeted for sample the samples requested along outputs whether profile from the ground surface to fresh federal.

302
00:52:10.430 --> 00:52:14.450
Dane VanDervoort: The sample of what the different three inches up to 10 happy.

303
00:52:15.470 --> 00:52:19.370
Dane VanDervoort: below the ground surface over the average sample that is just a little over to be.

304
00:52:21.260 --> 00:52:27.890
Dane VanDervoort: The regular samplings done, you can hand over and samples are collecting following standard usgs and EPA soul sampling methods.

305
00:52:29.300 --> 00:52:46.850
Dane VanDervoort: Unfortunately, due to the lack of exposure as part of the month we're only able to quit 31 regular samples, while the south milltown wrote a request for approvals and the remaining 66 samples and reflect on the join the line lily's know valley ophelia one thing a new site quadrangles.

306
00:52:48.830 --> 00:53:00.380
Dane VanDervoort: So from these symbols 100 individual records were collected from various steps within Sol Sol profile in order to have they're already contents, you can play in lies, but usgs in a laboratory.

307
00:53:01.790 --> 00:53:11.930
Dane VanDervoort: So as of right now all 100 samples have been prepare our way to the shipment the usgs and they get you were expecting the results of the analysis come back sometime probably the summer.

308
00:53:13.670 --> 00:53:17.570
Dane VanDervoort: This project currently has an expected completion date of September 16 for this year.

309
00:53:20.660 --> 00:53:29.270
Dane VanDervoort: And we anticipate having both agenda compliant do you watch master geopolitical available for download on just a natural minerals what age.

310
00:53:31.160 --> 00:53:32.000
Dane VanDervoort: Shortly thereafter.

311
00:53:36.590 --> 00:53:43.940
Dane VanDervoort: Okay, so during the pre 19 fiscal year the geological survey of Alabama also computer critical minerals data preservation under priority three.

312
00:53:45.170 --> 00:53:50.060
Dane VanDervoort: that's 180 critical data preservation or in GG DPP.

313
00:53:51.230 --> 00:54:02.000
Dane VanDervoort: Those not familiar the GDP, the usgs initiative that we as preserving the nation's geoscience, but such as your calculator geologic map data in journals information.

314
00:54:03.230 --> 00:54:03.740
Dane VanDervoort: and research.

315
00:54:07.280 --> 00:54:20.300
Dane VanDervoort: objective of the ged program was to help identify, in other words, is central Oregon where I critical notebook serious using existing data manipulation to published and unpublished agency series reports Max.

316
00:54:22.040 --> 00:54:23.930
Dane VanDervoort: So that among the GSA.

317
00:54:25.880 --> 00:54:43.940
Dane VanDervoort: 43 project goals were to build a database of albums criminals information using data from our existing published agency series reports in that you scan your reference and Meta data point five of the resource paths that contain personal data can be used in a digital system.

318
00:54:50.060 --> 00:55:05.930
Dane VanDervoort: For the first part of our 43 father, did you say both to develop a database meditating records for 3000 individual data increase some information collected from agencies system Middles and publications over by the end of this project we're able to database, a total of 4418 unique.

319
00:55:08.450 --> 00:55:19.220
Dane VanDervoort: To the criminals it clicked over the course this project required the careful examination of over 125 separate survey series or this data was compiled into a spreadsheet prior to button usgs.

320
00:55:21.500 --> 00:55:26.390
Dane VanDervoort: This database included site specific information such as site name and location.

321
00:55:27.440 --> 00:55:28.880
Dane VanDervoort: commodity and potential commodities.

322
00:55:30.080 --> 00:55:35.510
Dane VanDervoort: Production status and freshmen out where they will say development information were available.

323
00:55:36.530 --> 00:55:44.540
Dane VanDervoort: Most formation and resource information were available fully complete agency reference information in any other additional relevant geological data.

324
00:55:46.460 --> 00:55:53.300
Dane VanDervoort: So upon completion of this course of the project surveys critical mineral database is uploaded to the usgs national visual catalog.

325
00:55:54.500 --> 00:55:57.980
Dane VanDervoort: We also have a database available for download on your surveys.

326
00:55:59.510 --> 00:56:02.240
Dane VanDervoort: Surveys elements non-fuel minerals webpage.

327
00:56:08.810 --> 00:56:16.340
Dane VanDervoort: This is the finger on the left is matt melvin show notifications of the critical critical minerals data capture over the course the GSA career recruit project.

328
00:56:17.060 --> 00:56:24.770
Dane VanDervoort: And figure on the right isn't that valve image from vocational all the minerals data that's currently available in the usgs mineral resources data system.

329
00:56:27.950 --> 00:56:30.050
Dane VanDervoort: On a superficial level GSA database.

330
00:56:31.670 --> 00:56:45.680
Dane VanDervoort: appears very similar to the usgs the same ideas, however GSA database differs from the Marty isn't several substantial ways First they might be SEC being systematically updated since 2011 and as such as complete.

331
00:56:47.030 --> 00:56:55.430
Dane VanDervoort: In addition, they marked as complete contains redundant data often has missing or a quick reference information prior to possibly have difficulty Commission.

332
00:56:57.380 --> 00:57:06.230
Dane VanDervoort: GSA is critical mental database approves on the market for writing were available resource production values and reserve estimates say site development data.

333
00:57:07.160 --> 00:57:20.600
Dane VanDervoort: and other detailed information and putting associated commodities commodities post prohibition and restrictions peripheral information other relevant analytical data, moreover, the DSS database captures much more.

334
00:57:21.650 --> 00:57:26.510
Dane VanDervoort: Much more of a mental data than what's currently available in the US, yes, Mr DS.

335
00:57:32.270 --> 00:57:44.360
Dane VanDervoort: Okay, so the second part of the priority project did you say proposed to scan G a reference right FTC compliant metadata for 25 years and counting middle resource mass that contain critical minerals data.

336
00:57:46.370 --> 00:57:56.240
Dane VanDervoort: And so, while these men it's maybe a bit older they're the highest level of detail that we currently have available for many parts state, in addition, they also capture important critical minerals data.

337
00:57:57.320 --> 00:58:06.350
Dane VanDervoort: Such as then, current and historical mine location information is also in simple location information in four counties that are no longer accessible.

338
00:58:08.390 --> 00:58:20.000
Dane VanDervoort: So, by the end of this project, actually scan your reference right motivated pitch five of the surveys kind of little ones which ones you kind of course we're able to scan and you reference the next four or shown in green in the picture on the right.

339
00:58:21.560 --> 00:58:26.150
Dane VanDervoort: So upon completion of this course of the program that you reference machines were uploaded the usgs.

340
00:58:27.500 --> 00:58:29.390
Dane VanDervoort: map database or ag MTV.

341
00:58:30.860 --> 00:58:33.920
Dane VanDervoort: And the energy of visual kettle.

342
00:58:35.000 --> 00:58:36.110
Dane VanDervoort: soon I hope happen.

343
00:58:37.190 --> 00:58:41.600
Dane VanDervoort: Soon, have Max available for download on the GSA geospatial data webpage.

344
00:58:45.080 --> 00:58:53.570
Dane VanDervoort: So, in closing you'd like your knowledge with the usgs national cooperative us mapping program and national geological geophysical data presentation Program.

345
00:58:53.960 --> 00:59:02.810
Dane VanDervoort: for providing funding to help support these projects were fair thing for us usgs result communities, and we look forward to continuing to work them on future critical minerals related projects.

346
00:59:07.640 --> 00:59:15.830
Dane VanDervoort: So i'd like to thank everyone for attending my talks if you have any questions about you please reach out to me directly from the contact information senior Thank you.

347
00:59:19.130 --> 00:59:21.050
Arthur Merschat: Thank you, Dan excellent i'm talking.

348
00:59:23.030 --> 00:59:37.820
Arthur Merschat: Really, a lot of work by the Alabama geological survey to detect critical minerals, we do have another question with from from our group here at me has another question i'll again unmute him to to let him ask you the question.

349
00:59:41.090 --> 00:59:43.190
Anthony Boxleiter: In Great presentation this is.

350
00:59:43.190 --> 00:59:44.150
Anthony Boxleiter: Anthony and.

351
00:59:44.210 --> 00:59:55.400
Anthony Boxleiter: i'll reserve a comment, it sounds like there was a lot of work that you folks put in to investigating some of those regolith potential occurrences for earth element in Richmond and the eastern part of the state.

352
00:59:55.640 --> 01:00:09.680
Anthony Boxleiter: And, did you did you folks get a chance to also look at you know some of the the weathering products in the cemetery deposits of southeast Alabama does the non a flyer you know kale ends in weathering products.

353
01:00:10.220 --> 01:00:16.520
Dane VanDervoort: No, we haven't you know we're, like many of the surveys were just kind of stretched thin on manpower here and so.

354
01:00:17.660 --> 01:00:22.400
Dane VanDervoort: There does look like there's probably some potential there we just that's not a priority right now we've got.

355
01:00:23.750 --> 01:00:38.030
Dane VanDervoort: You know a lot of work going on evaluation statement stuff and you know i'm really me me and my colleague john are the ones that are taking care of experimental stuff and we're just kind of bogged down in the Piedmont stuff right now so um.

356
01:00:39.140 --> 01:00:45.110
Dane VanDervoort: We know there's potential there and it's something we'd like to look into we're just can't get to it, right now, unfortunately.

357
01:00:47.000 --> 01:00:47.390
Anthony Boxleiter: Thank you.

358
01:00:47.840 --> 01:00:48.170
Tom.

359
01:00:57.680 --> 01:01:10.550
Arthur Merschat: Yes, and yeah any other questions for Dane, and the other thing I guess for for both nor and we're coming up on our discussion bit here too, so we now have about 10 minutes for discussion will start up the next talk at 1020.

360
01:01:12.260 --> 01:01:21.500
Arthur Merschat: So we can really have a other questions for Dane, but hopefully we will work here either you can somehow raise your name i'm gonna go ahead and you know, hopefully, will unmute unmute.

361
01:01:22.340 --> 01:01:39.320
Arthur Merschat: Jane and Nora so they can also ask in and just either somehow type the question or give me a thumbs up or give us a thumbs up and we'll unmute you and let you ask any questions anyone else cuz I think it's been some really interesting great start to the session so.

362
01:01:41.450 --> 01:01:50.750
Arthur Merschat: If if there any other questions I see mark has a question for for Dane, so let me go, let me go and pull mark out here.

363
01:01:51.860 --> 01:01:53.720
mark carter: yeah i'm God.

364
01:01:54.200 --> 01:01:55.250
Arthur Merschat: All right, thank you mark.

365
01:01:56.330 --> 01:01:59.420
mark carter: i'm just trying to still learn zoom hey Dave.

366
01:02:00.920 --> 01:02:02.060
mark carter: You mentioned that.

367
01:02:03.890 --> 01:02:07.670
mark carter: The GSA has borehole data available for purchase.

368
01:02:09.350 --> 01:02:17.600
mark carter: Could you talk a little bit more about that how many what's the price for those How would we go about communicating with you.

369
01:02:19.520 --> 01:02:20.390
Dane VanDervoort: yeah i'm not.

370
01:02:22.310 --> 01:02:35.330
Dane VanDervoort: I don't believe I mentioned, I think we might have some some geophysical data available to the oil and gas board but i'm honestly that's the lot of my wheelhouse that I can definitely reach out to people there to get some information for you mark but.

371
01:02:37.040 --> 01:02:38.870
Dane VanDervoort: yeah must be working with all.

372
01:02:40.610 --> 01:02:42.290
Dane VanDervoort: Sir okay all right yeah.

373
01:02:43.610 --> 01:02:44.750
Dane VanDervoort: So i'm sorry.

374
01:02:46.310 --> 01:02:47.930
mark carter: No that's fine I just.

375
01:02:49.010 --> 01:02:50.090
mark carter: With the oil and gas.

376
01:02:53.420 --> 01:03:02.330
Dane VanDervoort: Okay, our energy group might have some of that stuff to you, they kind of folks on the call, but I can definitely get you in contact with with people that have that information.

377
01:03:03.350 --> 01:03:04.370
mark carter: Just the general interest.

378
01:03:07.520 --> 01:03:11.570
mark carter: different States handle their their borehole databases differently.

379
01:03:13.010 --> 01:03:16.010
mark carter: And of course I think there's a there's a effort now to.

380
01:03:17.030 --> 01:03:26.450
mark carter: create a national borehole database and just interested to know how how GSA would funnel yours information into that.

381
01:03:28.430 --> 01:03:32.090
mark carter: What is the general general question, you can chat later.

382
01:03:32.660 --> 01:03:34.610
Dane VanDervoort: yeah I mean, I think there are plans to to.

383
01:03:35.780 --> 01:03:41.540
Dane VanDervoort: make all that stuff available digitally but i'm i'm just i'm not 100% positive on it to.

384
01:03:44.660 --> 01:03:45.080
Dane VanDervoort: You Sir.

385
01:03:53.210 --> 01:04:02.870
Arthur Merschat: So that's good so with all these the sampling on the regal is from the different greiner towards have you all found some that are have significant.

386
01:04:03.350 --> 01:04:17.600
Arthur Merschat: You know interest either for errors or anything else, it was a bit of a surprise from some of the sampling geochemistry or may tie in what what would nora's looked at with liberty hill or the Stuart Stuart so please.

387
01:04:18.320 --> 01:04:26.480
Dane VanDervoort: yeah I mean honestly, you know with everything that's happened last year with coven and stuff you know we lost a significant chunk of our field time and so we're kind of a little bit.

388
01:04:28.430 --> 01:04:37.700
Dane VanDervoort: I don't say we're behind schedule, but we're a little bit you know we are a little bit on so we still haven't gotten any of that stuff since the usgs so i'm not really sure what kind of.

389
01:04:40.160 --> 01:04:42.890
Dane VanDervoort: What kind of information it's going to show us yet so you know.

390
01:04:44.480 --> 01:04:50.540
Dane VanDervoort: nobody's really looked at at stuff yet down here, and most of the grain it's just us for dimension stone or crushed down so.

391
01:04:52.190 --> 01:04:58.070
Dane VanDervoort: it's completely new so we're excited to see the results that we have because.

392
01:04:59.300 --> 01:05:08.960
Dane VanDervoort: You know we've gotten a plethora of minerals down here and so hoping to maybe kind of revitalize that are reinvigorate that industry to definitely is it.

393
01:05:11.930 --> 01:05:13.100
Dane VanDervoort: Was with you have a question.

394
01:05:16.310 --> 01:05:17.270
Elizabeth Bollen (she/her): Yes, hiding.

395
01:05:18.350 --> 01:05:27.050
Elizabeth Bollen (she/her): Great talk awesome good job, thank you um question have you so on the note of no you don't have any data yet and yeah this year was.

396
01:05:27.890 --> 01:05:40.400
Elizabeth Bollen (she/her): A long long struggle for a lot of us in many regards Have you looked at anything sections, or maybe even just grains under the microscope just to get an idea of what might be in some of these.

397
01:05:40.880 --> 01:05:43.520
Dane VanDervoort: I haven't honestly I haven't you know we were.

398
01:05:45.440 --> 01:05:50.000
Dane VanDervoort: Waiting right for any better graphic work in the in the grant or anything like that, and so.

399
01:05:52.070 --> 01:05:53.570
Dane VanDervoort: Yes, we don't we don't have any that.

400
01:05:55.250 --> 01:05:57.200
Dane VanDervoort: playable Unfortunately I mean.

401
01:05:58.160 --> 01:06:02.750
Elizabeth Bollen (she/her): There might be some floating around and just just for comparison reason we get the data back.

402
01:06:03.230 --> 01:06:03.620
Dane VanDervoort: For sure.

403
01:06:04.460 --> 01:06:06.560
Elizabeth Bollen (she/her): For sure be nice to know what was in the original.

404
01:06:08.510 --> 01:06:09.500
Dane VanDervoort: Project, you know i've got.

405
01:06:10.520 --> 01:06:13.250
Dane VanDervoort: You know we've got stuff that we collected during our roadmap.

406
01:06:14.720 --> 01:06:20.930
Dane VanDervoort: mapping that we go back and look at i've got to reach out to Dr totem Pole, to see if we can get a hold all that stuff so.

407
01:06:22.820 --> 01:06:26.600
Dane VanDervoort: You know, we had the digital database already within our you know.

408
01:06:28.640 --> 01:06:29.210
Dane VanDervoort: With an hour.

409
01:06:31.310 --> 01:06:35.270
Dane VanDervoort: I guess, personally, I just have a copy my john had a puppy is like how to copy first.

410
01:06:37.190 --> 01:06:42.500
Dane VanDervoort: gives an easy easy easy launching point I guess mapping stuff so.

411
01:07:06.290 --> 01:07:12.200
Arthur Merschat: me myself, yes, so again everyone else do you have, there are also other questions still for nor and also for James.

412
01:07:12.200 --> 01:07:22.820
Arthur Merschat: Sorry for the broader thing of MRI within their talks to needed, we also have five minutes now to kind of ask any other questions to them as well.

413
01:07:24.290 --> 01:07:25.910
Arthur Merschat: Jane Jane off the hook some for some of the.

414
01:07:26.450 --> 01:07:27.080
questions.

415
01:07:32.570 --> 01:07:35.660
Jane: And this is Jane I just I did have a question for Dana.

416
01:07:37.040 --> 01:07:37.490
Dane VanDervoort: Yes.

417
01:07:38.390 --> 01:07:40.730
Jane: So that was a great talk, I just wanted to say.

418
01:07:42.320 --> 01:07:50.780
Jane: how important it is these updated database is the fact that Mr DS has been sitting stagnant as a personal pet peeve of mine and we're.

419
01:07:51.050 --> 01:08:01.910
Jane: we're trying to do something about it, we don't need another Mr DS but we're looking at ways that we can use smart technology and get into these other databases and get what we need.

420
01:08:02.360 --> 01:08:11.870
Jane: It looks like we're going to have to be doing actual mineral resource assessments for a lot of these critical minerals at the usgs and the next couple years.

421
01:08:12.140 --> 01:08:24.710
Jane: And we're going to really need that cleaned up data, so my one question is how much did you do in terms of checking locations and updating locations of stuff that was in Mr DS when you cleaned up your database.

422
01:08:25.610 --> 01:08:29.660
Dane VanDervoort: as well, unfortunately, an Alabama the standard.

423
01:08:31.850 --> 01:08:35.840
Dane VanDervoort: method of locating yourself as the pls or pls.

424
01:08:36.290 --> 01:08:44.480
Dane VanDervoort: Okay, everything was quarter mile quarter mile and we got it down to a quarter mile was as close as we could get so there is some error within that still.

425
01:08:45.650 --> 01:08:49.730
Dane VanDervoort: You know, unfortunately, a lot of these sites just don't exist anymore so.

426
01:08:50.300 --> 01:08:52.280
Dane VanDervoort: we're actually going in ground truth in them.

427
01:08:52.430 --> 01:08:53.810
Dane VanDervoort: Is would be pretty difficult.

428
01:08:56.060 --> 01:08:58.370
Dane VanDervoort: So there is a you know some error in that, but.

429
01:09:00.350 --> 01:09:05.090
Dane VanDervoort: yeah just based off what we keep the information we could get from what we had available.

430
01:09:06.380 --> 01:09:06.590
Dane VanDervoort: So.

431
01:09:07.070 --> 01:09:10.040
Jane: Well, thanks, a lot, you know, this information will be used.

432
01:09:10.700 --> 01:09:17.900
Dane VanDervoort: yeah what's up you know we there's an abundance of data that we have available, you know and we're trying to make it available to the public, so.

433
01:09:18.440 --> 01:09:20.240
Jane: that's great Thank you.

434
01:09:30.920 --> 01:09:33.890
Arthur Merschat: So, I guess, we have about one minute left, so I guess we'll go ahead and.

435
01:09:35.000 --> 01:09:35.360
mark carter: you're.

436
01:09:35.630 --> 01:09:37.310
Arthur Merschat: like this oh mark, yes, yes.

437
01:09:37.370 --> 01:09:45.890
mark carter: I got it just to follow up on that game, are you all using lidar to verify some of these.

438
01:09:46.460 --> 01:10:06.500
mark carter: pits and holes, for your Mr DS and are you adding to that I guess i've found through geologic mapping with a lot or now that it's an invaluable resource where Virginia North Carolina has one X on the map for prospect you look at the log or you suddenly see 20.

439
01:10:08.210 --> 01:10:09.710
mark carter: will be using that.

440
01:10:14.120 --> 01:10:26.360
Jane: The US, yes, we have not but that's a great thing you know, sometimes or nobody's actually cleaning up Mr DS right now, but in terms of looking for new sites, a lot of times we.

441
01:10:27.440 --> 01:10:30.200
Jane: You know, we use like Google earth kinds of things, but yeah.

442
01:10:30.890 --> 01:10:47.810
Jane: Our us man project has systematically digitized all the mine related features off the top of graphic maps and that came out not too long ago, so that would be a great tool to use in conjunction with the lidar thanks for bringing that up there'll be a great project.

443
01:10:50.750 --> 01:10:53.480
Dane VanDervoort: yeah and we unfortunately don't have full lidar coverage for the Piedmont.

444
01:10:53.480 --> 01:10:55.280
Dane VanDervoort: So we haven't been able to verify.

445
01:10:55.940 --> 01:11:02.240
Dane VanDervoort: Everything yet through lidar, but there are plans see once we have that data available so.

446
01:11:03.470 --> 01:11:08.120
mark carter: it's time consuming but it's watering watering watering.

447
01:11:12.710 --> 01:11:16.520
Arthur Merschat: Okay, thank you all for the discussion so we'll have two more periods of this again.

448
01:11:17.270 --> 01:11:27.950
Arthur Merschat: we've hit 1020 so I guess we're i'm a will kind of begin with our next talk and I guess we'll kind of switch over some with with our little session cheers that tired us out as well, so i'll pass it over to north, so thank you all.

449
01:11:28.700 --> 01:11:31.880
Nora Foley: i'm great alright, so the next talk is.

450
01:11:33.080 --> 01:11:38.870
Nora Foley: up on the schedule is what's going to be presented by Andy Shaw who's sharing her screen right now.

451
01:11:39.290 --> 01:11:58.640
Nora Foley: The title of the talk is from the Piedmont, to the Atlantic Ocean, titanium draconian rare earth elements heavy mineral stand deposits my high resolution airborne radio metric data and angie has joined on this talk with by Robbie morrow Michael pace Scott Harris and bill door.

452
01:12:01.640 --> 01:12:05.990
Anji Shah: Okay, thanks, nor Okay, can you see my screen and hear me just fine.

453
01:12:07.280 --> 01:12:23.090
Anji Shah: yep okay so i'm going to chat about imaging having mineral sand deposit using airborne chief physical Dana and, before I start I do want to briefly acknowledge my co authors, without them, none of this could have been done.

454
01:12:24.140 --> 01:12:43.100
Anji Shah: So a brief review what are heavy mineral deposits and we have an example from a modern beach that shown on the left, where you see dark sand separated from light sounds and that's because the dark sounds very are denser and, in general, what happens is you'll have the perhaps marine.

455
01:12:43.100 --> 01:12:53.720
Anji Shah: Processes flavio title orioli and processes that will rework or work unconsolidated settlements and separate them by.

456
01:12:53.750 --> 01:12:57.290
Anji Shah: density or also shape and size as well.

457
01:12:57.890 --> 01:13:07.310
Anji Shah: And that sorting can work to concentrate minerals of interest at that if they're high end of grade and overlarge area they become economic.

458
01:13:08.660 --> 01:13:18.470
Anji Shah: plaster deposits, can be a number of different minerals, you can have gold, diamonds chin and in the southeastern us.

459
01:13:19.160 --> 01:13:30.890
Anji Shah: There are numerous foster deposits, they go all the way from southern New Jersey to northern Florida, and there are the key elements of interest are titanium rare earth elements and so konya.

460
01:13:31.580 --> 01:13:44.750
Anji Shah: Now, all three of these have been mined in the Atlantic from the Atlantic coast uplifting at some point in time and all three of these are considered critical mineral resources, so they are interested or them are on.

461
01:13:46.220 --> 01:13:51.950
Anji Shah: So in this talk i'm going to focus on two specific questions that we can address with geophysical data.

462
01:13:52.400 --> 01:14:05.150
Anji Shah: One of them is, what are the most common geologic features associated with these deposits, and this has direct relations to deposit formation, but it can also be very useful for exploration.

463
01:14:05.480 --> 01:14:20.450
Anji Shah: A second question is, what are the provenance and pathways of heavy metals before they reach the resting spots as deposits, and this can have implications for the composition of the heavy metals assemblage.

464
01:14:22.220 --> 01:14:27.140
Anji Shah: So we do know a little bit about provenance and very generally speaking.

465
01:14:27.920 --> 01:14:36.920
Anji Shah: These deposits that are in the Atlantic coast of plane here shown in green orange and yellow have their sources in the Piedmont and blue Ridge metamorphic.

466
01:14:37.550 --> 01:14:50.240
Anji Shah: rocks King James and blue and some early work is focused on some of the flood warnings of major rivers and they're all based on mineralogy.

467
01:14:50.660 --> 01:14:58.040
Anji Shah: And what people found was that the minerals represented a wide variety Piedmont provinces.

468
01:14:58.340 --> 01:15:07.940
Anji Shah: And this makes sense because you can imagine that a lot of these major rivers new traverse doesn't sort of perhaps over 100 kilometers in the Piedmont.

469
01:15:08.330 --> 01:15:15.230
Anji Shah: And they wrote numerous different types of minerals on their pathway down to the admin and posted plane.

470
01:15:16.040 --> 01:15:28.850
Anji Shah: You know, when you get away from the major servers we find it's a little bit simpler when you're close to the false zone and basically having minerals seem to resemble the adjacent.

471
01:15:29.660 --> 01:15:49.190
Anji Shah: Piedmont rock that's next to them when you get further away from the Piedmont, I mean get closer to the post, it becomes a bit more complicated and again the minerals tend to be much more varied and pathways and provenance are just really not working at all.

472
01:15:50.480 --> 01:16:04.790
Anji Shah: So what can geophysics tell us well it's been known for decades that radio metric data can be used to highlight shallow plaster deposits and by shallow I mean within the upper one meter and that's just.

473
01:16:05.690 --> 01:16:16.520
Anji Shah: The nature of the method, the channel of interest historian and the relation to having no Sam deposits, is going to be the forum in mama site.

474
01:16:17.660 --> 01:16:31.970
Anji Shah: So the United States has been serving with airborne ranger metric data, this was done in the 1970s it's much older equipment and the mind space is very wide three to 10 kilometers.

475
01:16:32.420 --> 01:16:43.550
Anji Shah: And with this data, what we can get is very broad brush areas of where plaster deposits are likely to be present but there's a lot of information that we can't get.

476
01:16:44.360 --> 01:16:52.880
Anji Shah: Well, we were lucky to get a series of to airborne geophysical surveys in South Carolina over the Atlantic coastal plain.

477
01:16:53.420 --> 01:17:02.330
Anji Shah: And the history of these is kind of interesting and actually started with an interest in earthquake houses in charleston charleston seismic zone.

478
01:17:03.110 --> 01:17:19.430
Anji Shah: So earthquake health hazards is ready to fund a survey, but it was recognized about the importance of having all sounds so we're able to get collaborative input from other programs that usgs geologic napping minimal resources and, of course, or them online.

479
01:17:20.960 --> 01:17:35.630
Anji Shah: Now, with these two surveys, we now have very first High resolution airborne radio metric survey covering the United States Atlantic mostly plane and resource available for public use.

480
01:17:36.590 --> 01:17:56.270
Anji Shah: And with these two servings we've gone from the Piedmont, all the way to the Atlantic Ocean, so this gives us a source to sink transcend, which is a very unique and new data set that we've just never have before so without further ado, this is that combined data set from.

481
01:17:58.640 --> 01:18:13.700
Anji Shah: And to the right I rotated the map, so that the Piedmont, and the Northwest is at the top of the map and on that separated by that little white line there at the bottom of the mountain have the Atlantic Ocean in the southeast.

482
01:18:14.300 --> 01:18:20.300
Anji Shah: And here, you can see there's a tremendous amount of detail here that just was never visible in the.

483
01:18:21.620 --> 01:18:29.270
Anji Shah: 1970s, learn data that if you look at this, the first thing you might want to do is divide this up into three areas.

484
01:18:29.960 --> 01:18:38.780
Anji Shah: Really, according to the upper middle and low post a plane, where the upper coastal plain shows a number of very broad, for this is the authority and channel.

485
01:18:39.440 --> 01:18:50.180
Anji Shah: shows broad flooring highs the middle coastal plain is a little bit lower but you do see anomalies more rivers and the lower coastal plain is very complex.

486
01:18:50.360 --> 01:18:59.600
Anji Shah: Now i'm going to focus a lot of talk of the top of the lower coastal plain because that's the data set we have first and we've had some time to look at it.

487
01:19:00.530 --> 01:19:03.800
Anji Shah: So here is that data set.

488
01:19:04.280 --> 01:19:18.140
Anji Shah: And you can see, again, we have some very complex patterns here So the first thing that one wants to do and data set is to do get some ground truth look at the geologic data in particular samples now because of coven.

489
01:19:18.410 --> 01:19:27.200
Anji Shah: Unfortunately we were not able to do field work, but fortunately rob Williams and his colleagues have been doing field work in this area for many years.

490
01:19:27.620 --> 01:19:37.400
Anji Shah: And they had over 100 auger samples in the area and from those are simple thing the visual estimates of heaven will sound content.

491
01:19:37.820 --> 01:19:47.450
Anji Shah: And those samples here the red dots show areas that are more abundant in having them all sounds and having them all.

492
01:19:48.050 --> 01:20:03.800
Anji Shah: And it's not a perfect correlation but it's pretty good and it shows that yeah the Florida monopolies almost certainly do represent having mental sand deposits, and so we can move forward with that as an interpretation.

493
01:20:04.970 --> 01:20:16.310
Anji Shah: The next thing we can do is go to the existing geologic NAPs and what you see on the left is a composite numerous geologic maps that have been colored according to faces.

494
01:20:16.640 --> 01:20:33.170
Anji Shah: So here the tam represents sounds and the brick represents clays and to the right you see them the foreign anomalies and you'll see there's a few similarities, so there seems to be some relation between the heavy minerals and faces.

495
01:20:34.340 --> 01:20:50.810
Anji Shah: And we can go a little bit further with that using our GIs tools, and here I cheated out everything except the sand units and what you see now is that over the sands, we have these very localized Boreal anomalies.

496
01:20:51.170 --> 01:21:02.780
Anji Shah: And they're very linear and there are some of the higher and longings within this part of the circle, but again they're very localized you're receiving parts of units.

497
01:21:03.620 --> 01:21:08.480
Anji Shah: Then you can compare that to the place in the months and that's on the right, where.

498
01:21:09.170 --> 01:21:20.690
Anji Shah: we're only showing shown pleasing much and you see the the anomalies are much more distributed and their lower overall here in this color map the heat map the yellow is highest.

499
01:21:21.080 --> 01:21:30.140
Anji Shah: So that's interesting and then we can actually quantify that by calculating statistics of the forum of the area and to the right.

500
01:21:31.070 --> 01:21:43.550
Anji Shah: To left we've got mean values and to the right and that stillness that stillness shows our localization and what we see is that in the sands, who have a lot more mobilization of anomalies.

501
01:21:43.970 --> 01:21:53.270
Anji Shah: But what's interesting left to feel that the main values the turns out that means for the clay's muds are very comparable to the sounds.

502
01:21:53.570 --> 01:22:05.510
Anji Shah: So what this suggests is that in those finer grain settlements, we do have have minerals present but they just are not localized and they're not concentrated.

503
01:22:06.080 --> 01:22:15.650
Anji Shah: One note if you're looking at the statistics and you see something strange and the Holocene it's important to recognize that the finer grained settlements are in these.

504
01:22:16.310 --> 01:22:25.490
Anji Shah: areas that have been flooded and water does the APP and the review metrics signals so that's why those values, a little bit different.

505
01:22:26.930 --> 01:22:35.540
Anji Shah: So we can learn a little bit more by looking at these novels in detail and by draping them over live on data.

506
01:22:36.110 --> 01:22:44.780
Anji Shah: And so now i'm from this receive that you have for him anomalies in the sand areas and they're usually associated with the shift.

507
01:22:45.560 --> 01:22:56.780
Anji Shah: And this is actually very consistent with what's been observed from sampling extensive sampling in Georgia and Florida on trail rich and also in eastern Australia and some of the.

508
01:22:57.260 --> 01:23:06.740
Anji Shah: quarter environments over there, and another thing the most i've marked them with an engineer is that you've got some areas where you.

509
01:23:07.220 --> 01:23:14.120
Anji Shah: Were there have been multiple episodes of me working and those also shows very hard for values.

510
01:23:14.570 --> 01:23:25.910
Anji Shah: And here's another part of the survey, where you see much of the same, we have various that have been reworked multiple times they chance to show what we interpret as.

511
01:23:26.450 --> 01:23:41.480
Anji Shah: sand concentrations, so this tells us a bit about the formulation really shows the importance of those marine processes on in a high energy, environment, that really works those heaven will sans, whereas in.

512
01:23:42.080 --> 01:23:48.710
Anji Shah: St mary's we have much lower energy, environment and the heavy Liberals tend to be more distributed.

513
01:23:49.370 --> 01:24:01.580
Anji Shah: i'll just put a note the another place, that we do observe our high dorian is within such a floodplain again there's a tremendous amount of detail here but i'm not going to get into but I did want to show that image.

514
01:24:02.660 --> 01:24:14.360
Anji Shah: So next we can look at potassium, and this will have implications for sedimentary provenance so when we look at the potassium that the first thing is, we see this big wall over charleston.

515
01:24:14.870 --> 01:24:25.940
Anji Shah: This high area and you'll also see some sort of linear Spikes come out of charleston and the suburbs and that can be attributed to potassium minerals in concrete.

516
01:24:26.360 --> 01:24:35.750
Anji Shah: And this is well known that potassium will often reflect on urban areas so that can be a little bit of a distraction so i'm going to shape that out.

517
01:24:36.140 --> 01:24:50.630
Anji Shah: And then we see the MIT primary two areas where we see potassium anomalies or the sanity river floodplain and also interesting the younger formations those that are closest to the coast.

518
01:24:52.040 --> 01:25:02.690
Anji Shah: And we can quantify this and, in particular with the look at potassium as a function of age, we find that, as you increase age you decrease potassium.

519
01:25:03.440 --> 01:25:11.450
Anji Shah: Now, potassium minerals are primarily going to be potassium fells far and my goes, and those are known to be immature.

520
01:25:12.440 --> 01:25:19.040
Anji Shah: imagery minerals that are which tells us we have minerals that were recently awarded from the keyboard.

521
01:25:19.610 --> 01:25:30.290
Anji Shah: So if we see amateur minerals within the santee will reflect and that's actually not surprised me because the sandy river does traverse almost 400 kilometers in keep on.

522
01:25:31.100 --> 01:25:41.630
Anji Shah: But what is interesting also is where we see these in the younger for nations, so we can say Okay, well, we have potassium younger formations and announce those.

523
01:25:42.650 --> 01:25:56.360
Anji Shah: Those sentiments age, the potassium is reached and don't see them, but how do we get these immature settlements, to the modern coastline, when the Piedmont is over 100 kilometers away.

524
01:25:57.230 --> 01:26:08.300
Anji Shah: And that's that's going to be the next question So the first thing we can do is look at the data and saying is there a path that well, it probably comes from the santee is there a path.

525
01:26:09.080 --> 01:26:14.450
Anji Shah: And so zooming in a little bit on potassium over live art or near the santee river.

526
01:26:14.870 --> 01:26:28.730
Anji Shah: Well, we can see that there are a few on tributaries from sanity believers are circled and white, where we do see potassium anomalies and there the potassium is transported all of about 10 kilometers.

527
01:26:29.480 --> 01:26:41.960
Anji Shah: However, if we look at the younger formations there's a real disconnect with the potassium in the sand river so of land pathway just doesn't seem feasible you starts with the status suggest.

528
01:26:42.500 --> 01:26:52.190
Anji Shah: What we need is really the offshore mechanism, and if we zoom out and go back to some of the Mary data we can start to see this so here I.

529
01:26:52.760 --> 01:26:59.720
Anji Shah: Am a broader scale, if we look at the major reverse that train from the people, the PD sentences.

530
01:27:00.410 --> 01:27:15.470
Anji Shah: We do see potassium anomalies, but we also see is that we see these potassium anomalies and younger formations go all the way from the PD river down to more than Florida, so this is a regional phenomenon.

531
01:27:16.370 --> 01:27:23.600
Anji Shah: And to get that transport, you probably need something like long short transport as hard working model is that these.

532
01:27:24.050 --> 01:27:39.800
Anji Shah: immature settlements are first eroded from the Piedmont transported by these major reverse to off shortened areas, and this will go over this will continue during both transgressions and regressions their reworked by.

533
01:27:40.280 --> 01:27:53.000
Anji Shah: By the currents and then redeposited on shore, so this is sort of an interesting halfway through us postal sort of quarterly sounds.

534
01:27:53.780 --> 01:28:07.730
Anji Shah: Okay next i'm just going to briefly touch upon some of the primary observations we see in the upper coastal areas again we've only started working on this for a couple weeks, so this is really brand new stuff.

535
01:28:08.990 --> 01:28:19.550
Anji Shah: So i'm going to focus in on the cherry on top, and here what i've done is i've trimmed out everything that's that's in board of the falls on.

536
01:28:20.390 --> 01:28:30.800
Anji Shah: The boundary Piedmont an outboard of the Orange bowl spark so truly looking it up and posted flame i've also changed the color scale little bit So you can see where these.

537
01:28:32.060 --> 01:28:46.940
Anji Shah: Were these for him and long as you're concentrating and the first thing that we see is when you do a number of comparisons to the geologic maps is, and this is even at the more local scales that they're primarily associated with cretaceous sediments.

538
01:28:47.600 --> 01:28:53.360
Anji Shah: And that is consistent with what has been described in the geologic maps, because the number of.

539
01:28:53.960 --> 01:29:02.360
Anji Shah: heavy metals within cretaceous segments we don't really see that corresponds to face, and so what we do below booster flame.

540
01:29:03.080 --> 01:29:15.410
Anji Shah: So it's a big difference it's much more age women another thing, though that's interesting is in the Congo River floodplain have numerous having minerals, have been absorbed but we don't see boring monotonous there.

541
01:29:15.890 --> 01:29:27.380
Anji Shah: And the reason for that is probably because we're dealing with a bit of a swamp in the area and the areas very moist and that water can give them the reading metric signature.

542
01:29:28.640 --> 01:29:34.820
Anji Shah: Now i'm going to focus in on this one little area over to the east and that's the dolls oh quadrangle.

543
01:29:35.240 --> 01:29:44.390
Anji Shah: Where we have some interesting exceptions that to the left i've got a geologic map which has been obviously colored by each here the blues cretaceous.

544
01:29:45.050 --> 01:29:52.190
Anji Shah: purple is pill eugene and peach is five singing yellows are turning to the right is.

545
01:29:53.060 --> 01:29:59.930
Anji Shah: Radio metric data and the white lines show the outlines of the geologic units and i've written in.

546
01:30:00.350 --> 01:30:12.020
Anji Shah: Some of the ages of new settlements so here, even again in the local scale you do see that the cretaceous settlements, do you have strong the models and then the Paleo gene.

547
01:30:12.290 --> 01:30:23.930
Anji Shah: Basically paleocene eocene settlements, which will deposited on top of those older cretaceous settlements on show rating metric loans now those sentiments are very poorly sorted.

548
01:30:24.320 --> 01:30:40.010
Anji Shah: So they really haven't been reworked and so we expect that's why we don't see heavies but what's interesting now is, then, if you get to the biasing marked by n ke we start to see rating metric eyes again and the idea is perhaps these.

549
01:30:40.790 --> 01:30:48.800
Anji Shah: biasing settlements, they might have reworked some of the cretaceous settlements and then concentrated heaven was there.

550
01:30:49.160 --> 01:30:56.270
Anji Shah: So we're seeing this sort of later reworking of segments, and then the core ternary sudden it stoped show much at all.

551
01:30:57.080 --> 01:31:11.150
Anji Shah: Another interesting exception is again, you see, these three areas with Patricia settlements, but now, if you look south of the conquering of mostly eocene settlements and those also sure waiting on truck tires and we're trying to learn more about that.

552
01:31:11.690 --> 01:31:19.850
Anji Shah: One question is could those have been reworked perhaps from the heavy minerals in the Congo me and then another area where you see.

553
01:31:20.450 --> 01:31:36.290
Anji Shah: younger settlements with higher is along the banks of the forks of the State over and you see this and also also in some of the tributaries to the hungry, where, again, we probably have reworking of settlements, and this is ongoing work.

554
01:31:36.830 --> 01:31:40.280
Anji Shah: Okay, so i'm just going to write up a summary I don't know how many training is.

555
01:31:40.970 --> 01:31:57.800
Anji Shah: But basically, some of the key take home, so that word coastal plain we see thorium highs associated with heavy mineral concentrations in these linear zones over sandwiches we probably, and this is probably due to rework and buy new processes.

556
01:31:58.550 --> 01:32:06.260
Anji Shah: We multiple phases, can lead to more concentrations within clays and runs the story of anomalies and more distributed.

557
01:32:07.130 --> 01:32:14.960
Anji Shah: With a lower energy, environment, the rivers originating in the Piedmont are probably important source of having minerals.

558
01:32:15.500 --> 01:32:26.840
Anji Shah: And will supply them to some of these sandwiches which suggests will probably have a lot of diversity in heaven mineral sandwich in our coastal plain.

559
01:32:27.260 --> 01:32:36.530
Anji Shah: offer coastal plain again that's really just brand new work in progress, but we seem to see an association cretaceous settle and settle we want later on.

560
01:32:38.150 --> 01:32:38.630
Anji Shah: Thanks.

561
01:32:40.100 --> 01:32:44.630
Nora Foley: Thanks angie angie that was fantastic talk and really spectacular maps.

562
01:32:45.680 --> 01:32:52.910
Nora Foley: We may have time for just one quick question before we move on to the next speaker if there's anything in the chat box game.

563
01:32:58.340 --> 01:32:59.660
Dane VanDervoort: There are no questions in the chat.

564
01:33:00.860 --> 01:33:01.400
Dane VanDervoort: Right now.

565
01:33:01.910 --> 01:33:02.750
Arthur Merschat: This one.

566
01:33:05.690 --> 01:33:10.100
Arthur Merschat: Is from Horton do sandy rams of the Carolina base have thorium anomalies.

567
01:33:11.210 --> 01:33:15.260
Anji Shah: Actually, the Carolina bs seem to be pretty low in thorium.

568
01:33:16.760 --> 01:33:23.390
Anji Shah: The most and, in fact, most of the areas where we see you Carolina boys are pretty low in the body or yes.

569
01:33:26.450 --> 01:33:30.710
Anji Shah: I haven't looked specifically at the one, but you know.

570
01:33:32.420 --> 01:33:41.600
Anji Shah: That you know very interesting talk we're gonna move on to the next talk and i'm sure there'll be more questions in the chat box, at a time we get to the general session thanks angie.

571
01:33:42.440 --> 01:33:55.910
Nora Foley: um alright, so our next speaker up is mark Carter he's going to speak on the geology of the cherry hill seven and a half minute quadrangle in Virginia and he's joined on this presentation by Adam karst.

572
01:33:58.250 --> 01:34:05.450
Nora Foley: See see burn burn quest Stephen Schindler Benjamin weinman and Ryan mcaleer.

573
01:34:06.980 --> 01:34:10.250
Nora Foley: Go ahead mark if you want to share your screen and get started.

574
01:34:29.420 --> 01:34:14.000
mark carter: Well i'm sorry.

575
01:34:14.001 --> 01:34:20.980
mark carter: yeah okay so obviously there's something wrong with way i'm doing this, so i'm going to try another way.

576
01:34:21.220 --> 01:34:22.810
mark carter: yeah can you call in.

577
01:34:24.940 --> 01:34:40.660
mark carter: But no i'm just going to kind of run this thing, as it is, of what I was trying to do, run a run a video, but obviously are picking up the sound off of that video so i'm just going to run the run the slide set off.

578
01:34:44.980 --> 01:34:47.200
mark carter: Beginning so, can you all see my screen.

579
01:34:48.040 --> 01:34:52.030
Nora Foley: We see the geology of the cherry hill seven a half minute quadrangle Virginia.

580
01:34:52.810 --> 01:34:55.060
mark carter: I know right, you can hear me okay.

581
01:34:57.580 --> 01:34:58.150
Nora Foley: Everyone else.

582
01:35:01.330 --> 01:35:02.140
Arthur Merschat: There we can hear you a.

583
01:35:03.220 --> 01:35:04.150
Arthur Merschat: little bit marks.

584
01:35:05.110 --> 01:35:06.160
Arthur Merschat: wow screens are good.

585
01:35:07.510 --> 01:35:08.890
mark carter: I do not have very.

586
01:35:10.210 --> 01:35:12.190
mark carter: Long so we'll just do.

587
01:35:13.450 --> 01:35:30.250
mark carter: My co authors not days in new detail mapping on the cherry hills and then half the ordering in Virginia this work is a collaboration between the usps national for logic mapping program fed map component and the Virginia department of management roles and energy.

588
01:35:31.540 --> 01:35:33.190
mark carter: In part, yes.

589
01:35:35.800 --> 01:35:46.210
mark carter: intent of the earth, Mr our program is to leverage existing relationship between the usda and private industry to conduct state of the art geologic maddie.

590
01:35:49.510 --> 01:36:06.490
mark carter: The cherry quadrangle straddles the ozone and from Virginia coastal plain strategies and P mark basement off to the West, the quadrangle is important because heavy abundant living minerals were extensively mind here in previous decades, mostly for tonight and Zurich on by an inquiry.

591
01:36:09.460 --> 01:36:21.550
mark carter: Over pots and coastal plain sediments which they occur, we know comparatively little about Piedmont basement rocks other than what's on the 1993 state geologic for Virginia under 500,000.

592
01:36:22.990 --> 01:36:34.780
mark carter: It was for this reason that in 2018 the usgs map program staked a new project footprint in this area, with the goal to produce seamless geologic maps along the Virginia North Carolina border.

593
01:36:35.200 --> 01:36:43.180
mark carter: To address several societal issues facing this region, including medical resource exploration and geologic hazards, including earthquake hazards.

594
01:36:44.530 --> 01:36:48.130
mark carter: The quadrennial also falls within the beginning of DM in the state map.

595
01:36:54.520 --> 01:37:04.330
mark carter: became one of several vm me earth him or I told you know research does a detailed geologic actually come.

596
01:37:08.170 --> 01:37:10.990
mark carter: To the project to build on going forward.

597
01:37:12.730 --> 01:37:13.360
mark carter: Thanks.

598
01:37:15.130 --> 01:37:17.380
mark carter: So i'm going to try to go back one.

599
01:37:20.500 --> 01:37:22.420
mark carter: having difficulty doing.

600
01:37:24.220 --> 01:37:24.640
mark carter: All right.

601
01:37:26.980 --> 01:37:27.850
mark carter: Having issues.

602
01:37:29.890 --> 01:37:33.940
mark carter: Right, so that was pretty bad, so I should be right here with this one.

603
01:37:36.970 --> 01:37:48.430
mark carter: from current slide Okay, our primary focus for geologic mapping in this quadrant was more rock specifically looks good news money along the way, river.

604
01:37:49.450 --> 01:37:58.780
mark carter: Core door and the 2019 field season northward into the blogger, and likewise the results from their work and again woody terrain your Petersburg in Richmond.

605
01:37:59.560 --> 01:38:09.550
mark carter: July or October, oh no brackets terrain 670 million year old metal volcanic rocks included by 525 to 10 million year old cells that make futons.

606
01:38:10.210 --> 01:38:21.280
mark carter: To the North or rocks are beginning to rain neoproterozoic details look chesnutt impolite middle paleozoic Meta grant towards and late paleozoic granted Petersburg baffling.

607
01:38:21.970 --> 01:38:38.050
mark carter: We also want it to further define the role was faulting in the Piedmont from our work on the night away river, we discovered a previously unrecognized strand these from Piedmont system that separates rock'n'roll dinwiddie terrain that we call the Nada way river full zoom.

608
01:38:39.310 --> 01:38:46.780
mark carter: It is over printed by younger cat of clay site map young cheerio quadrangle would allow us to explore the relationship between these.

609
01:38:46.780 --> 01:38:48.250
Nora Foley: faults and Piedmont basin.

610
01:38:48.790 --> 01:39:02.590
mark carter: And well documented soon as our faults that were uncovered in the evening mineral mines, lastly, just quick word about math instruction in addition to boots on the ground geologic mapping, we also compile data from several extremely valuable resources, the.

611
01:39:05.320 --> 01:39:23.920
mark carter: story of cutting usgs for home eat out for home data private industry days of consistent boreholes that record after dead rock and data from old feel sheets from bumpy and usgs folks who work in this area in the past.

612
01:39:27.460 --> 01:39:38.080
mark carter: let's start by stripping away the coastal plain look at Piedmont basement not only this quarter and all on a jumpy much rain and amazing for and boundary.

613
01:39:38.740 --> 01:39:49.630
mark carter: rocks are the roanoke rapids terrain PR in the southwest part of the floor during a little hanging was not a way home zoom on Monday terrain occur in the northeast as the football.

614
01:39:50.860 --> 01:39:53.830
mark carter: Which within default zone or block grant.

615
01:39:55.810 --> 01:40:02.680
mark carter: knows the default is West dipping with a shallow South London mineral stretch radiation that up to the north.

616
01:40:07.540 --> 01:40:17.230
mark carter: rainbow made mobile discoveries roanoke rapids consists mostly of belson natick mechanic rocks include an order basalt.

617
01:40:17.710 --> 01:40:25.240
mark carter: These rocks or metamorphose more green shoes to epidemic and civilized bases, the timing of that men are more business still unknown.

618
01:40:25.690 --> 01:40:36.040
mark carter: We assume that the doctor defamation and the not away rumor fault zone is late paleozoic as long other false and Eastern Piedmont fault system add to that.

619
01:40:38.800 --> 01:40:43.570
mark carter: Thanks to the fault with evidence for only one cleavage over printing primary batting.

620
01:40:44.500 --> 01:40:58.900
mark carter: Last week, lastly, from a regional view or working alone and not away river indicated that the entire roanoke rapids Stream is folded into an origin scale sinful and that the highest grade rocks are on the western flank and the lowest grade rocks for structure.

621
01:41:00.220 --> 01:41:14.380
mark carter: Be from the same destination, an inspiration to be allegheny so to confirm have on sampling the medicine that stone for the title work on analysis with the black involved zone really recon.

622
01:41:15.280 --> 01:41:26.950
mark carter: To chronology using the technique and polished in sections promoters like work with university of Massachusetts To date, the defamation, thanks to the pandemic we basically shut down for this work for the past year.

623
01:41:29.920 --> 01:41:36.100
mark carter: We do have ever had new to your project results for the DEMO the terrain, the Foster made.

624
01:41:37.630 --> 01:41:51.370
mark carter: Jesus all a lot of way river falls zone, the predecessor cons from the same rock and rich data maximum definitional age of about these cambrian better graphic analysis indicates this.

625
01:41:53.560 --> 01:41:58.000
mark carter: latest during ductile defamation alone, and not a waiver fault zone.

626
01:41:58.690 --> 01:42:14.290
mark carter: we've also dated affiliated with granted point near Richmond be between 420 and 400 million years old, but we still don't know the exact timing of the defamation in those rocks some of this work on data show katie and metamorphosis and about 375 million years ago.

627
01:42:15.580 --> 01:42:28.330
mark carter: The age of the youngest branded on the quadrangle is now well established from the sample just north on the adjacent wit quadrangle and fripp analysis shows this brand it through a personalized about 321 million years ago.

628
01:42:29.050 --> 01:42:35.740
mark carter: We assigned both the ECHO granular and porphyria Granite to the southern do with Sutherland pluto's the Petersburg.

629
01:42:38.410 --> 01:42:46.390
mark carter: Do server locally with may either be primary magnetic layering or early elegant tectonics over print.

630
01:42:48.160 --> 01:43:00.700
mark carter: Now to tell my students are this product earlier Sandra and rubio marine environments throughout the fall zone of Virginia these settlements are subdivided into two.

631
01:43:02.740 --> 01:43:15.160
mark carter: Scores even the broad rock far as a service by seeing bain capital formation Western bar is the planting Cathy part of which may lower.

632
01:43:16.780 --> 01:43:24.220
mark carter: Along the Western age of the quadrant or managing the ordinary movil tears deposits that are equivalent to the coastal plain deposits further things.

633
01:43:26.980 --> 01:43:31.960
mark carter: Is the coastal plain units Western the broadwalk scarf to 25 let's see.

634
01:43:35.500 --> 01:43:53.320
mark carter: Lisa haven over posits refers covered in the late 1980s conventional view held at tertiary sand and gravel of the plan is shown in the 1990s hosting a dinner, for instance, for the upcoming movie of the tank equivalent to the down to yorktown formation.

635
01:43:54.520 --> 01:44:12.400
mark carter: assignment carry through to the end of the 1990s in Berlin 2000 and romeo's 2006 published paper on the old hickory or deposits doesn't specifically say information links, but they do bracket he won the two wars loans to the missing pricing Chesapeake group.

636
01:44:13.690 --> 01:44:26.830
mark carter: By the end of the decade wings and others, and specifically assigned these deposits, to the yorktown information and the overlying one river formation and, most recently referral list and others have proposed an informal name for this package therefore Barber.

637
01:44:27.730 --> 01:44:31.540
mark carter: Because mapping is still playing through this process.

638
01:44:33.220 --> 01:44:43.630
mark carter: For them ah definitely steep know how the newly proposed cold harbor formation relates to the twang river bullshit law and about the same graphic interval above the yorktown.

639
01:44:46.150 --> 01:44:55.060
mark carter: Simply assign to unnamed university abroad rock star to the upper chest group within the progression of the spread of refugees in the mass text.

640
01:44:55.660 --> 01:45:03.880
mark carter: Or the or deposits, I refer you to the work of new new new Romeo in 2010 format most important takeaways from their work.

641
01:45:04.180 --> 01:45:11.110
mark carter: Is that one hidden minerals were packed concentrated in the upper Chesapeake group sediments by typical marine processes like long for drift.

642
01:45:11.650 --> 01:45:20.140
mark carter: Hiving minerals for source from the Piedmont and blueberries basement rocks and that their spatial distribution and Upper coastal plain host settlements, we strongly.

643
01:45:23.380 --> 01:45:24.070
mark carter: coastline.

644
01:45:32.200 --> 01:45:32.620
mark carter: edge.

645
01:45:35.680 --> 01:45:52.150
mark carter: Of these, the oldest deposits occur Western was born born within these the perfect thing for a spouse was for witnessing the ERIs in Virginia school with those are currently in western Australia, how we rocked me to knock out the valley and religious well.

646
01:45:53.170 --> 01:45:56.260
mark carter: Their presence sentences apartments along the falls.

647
01:45:57.460 --> 01:46:03.910
mark carter: erosion and transporter the rocks as class from the blue ranger across more to the coastal plain.

648
01:46:04.810 --> 01:46:15.880
mark carter: problem in South side virginians know rivers actually handing the reins temperate these rocks from their source Newton Romeo a Paleo drainage system.

649
01:46:16.600 --> 01:46:31.690
mark carter: They named the Paleo rather than a river and they proposed this system may carry hitting mineral sourced from the roseland titanium district in the bridge needed okay in the coastal plain the prices colitis bearing class on the board right angle, so this is.

650
01:46:32.740 --> 01:46:47.050
mark carter: The class multiple recycled across the Piedmont is landscape of all from biasing to the question is critically important we understand sourcing better system, we continue to explore for market will be the minerals in your clothes.

651
01:46:48.910 --> 01:46:52.420
mark carter: Also important better understanding of the faulting and the Piedmont.

652
01:46:53.800 --> 01:47:07.570
mark carter: we've already noticed the other way root zone is structure, but it is over print it out an array of younger brittle fault, much like many other P paley's zones in the Piedmont, some of these younger brittle falls.

653
01:47:08.590 --> 01:47:18.010
mark carter: into the overlying coastal plain cover for a metal phone structure originally named by rob wings for false observed in the loop of mind pits.

654
01:47:18.730 --> 01:47:31.330
mark carter: and mapping shows that this is just keep it short cut offset by other false discovered during mapping These include this APP and creek system hardwood creek fall in the hair swamps as we.

655
01:47:32.890 --> 01:47:41.620
mark carter: move on to the boardroom many of the younger brother falls and feed monitor recognized by meter stick zones and solidified clay site.

656
01:47:42.160 --> 01:47:49.360
mark carter: These zones record multiple periods of validation injection for calcium and followed by sharing and retching ation course and wall wrong.

657
01:47:50.140 --> 01:48:00.280
mark carter: Because they primarily consistent resistant course a whale actor easily trace cross country, and they also show them the lidar images is narrow but long linear rivers are there.

658
01:48:01.690 --> 01:48:18.880
mark carter: That are interesting fact many cat besides loans are also lost with fair space and tools in any word prospect, lastly, many of these bolts on the same trends have a suggestion that defaulting began in the measures lower.

659
01:48:21.580 --> 01:48:36.430
mark carter: But thanks to the hippie middle mining bustle node alton continue well into the Center Zoellick well there's no direct evidence in as specified by side with the array of the form because the plane settlements are mapping show that.

660
01:48:38.860 --> 01:48:48.010
mark carter: was two point cover interstate also shows six variations in the cover that closely respond to the locations on the spot falls in the Piedmont.

661
01:48:48.670 --> 01:49:03.220
mark carter: We speculated these loans branches and placings that mark defaults and covered in the pits probably run into the suicide chemical a site that let the cat clay sites are exposed in the Piedmont basement goes to plan for.

662
01:49:04.330 --> 01:49:15.520
mark carter: We do see indirect evidence in the Piedmont, and also see it so i'm going to tears deposits and default movement lately interference, a screen capture that also control deposition May.

663
01:49:17.560 --> 01:49:29.170
mark carter: Be also fighting stealing them and serious does still feel you know magnitude earthquake and we did find Holocene paley liquefaction features along the way, river.

664
01:49:29.650 --> 01:49:37.990
mark carter: That our data here and in North Carolina coastal plain suggest major near surface fault movements seized by the earliest wise place to seem.

665
01:49:39.520 --> 01:49:50.380
mark carter: So to summarize our new work on material quadrangle will not answering all questions certainly does add to our knowledge of island of knowledge to develop a viable geologic frame.

666
01:49:55.540 --> 01:50:15.340
mark carter: of exploration for marketable the minerals better better folks to your fee in this region, and we continue to apply new methods to new technologies for mine that framework housing landscape evolution better understand the transporter TV minerals resources across the Piedmont.

667
01:50:16.480 --> 01:50:17.860
mark carter: And of course understanding.

668
01:50:19.450 --> 01:50:26.440
mark carter: is critical for many middle exploration to this last point was the hottest we.

669
01:50:27.550 --> 01:50:28.090
mark carter: log.

670
01:50:29.650 --> 01:50:29.980
mark carter: off.

671
01:50:31.240 --> 01:50:32.290
mark carter: from which to the.

672
01:50:33.820 --> 01:50:46.330
mark carter: mainframe boundaries brewery need those seven coming back know the relation between the ball over printing brittle structures and recognizing that the false.

673
01:50:49.030 --> 01:51:00.490
mark carter: Positive law applies in coastline, we may be able to identify new target areas for future explorations specifically along the trend of another way we default to the southeast.

674
01:51:02.800 --> 01:51:10.330
mark carter: Look now last in the last slide it was a very nice lot our slide showing a bleak view.

675
01:51:13.510 --> 01:51:18.490
mark carter: Action one of the few questions if we have time.

676
01:51:20.200 --> 01:51:28.630
Nora Foley: mark, thank you, that was an excellent talk and a very trying situations your slides are superb i'm looking forward to asking a couple.

677
01:51:28.630 --> 01:51:34.000
Nora Foley: Questions I think at this point, though, unless there's a pressing question on Dane.

678
01:51:34.030 --> 01:51:37.360
mark carter: In the chat box will move on to the next speaker so that we can try to.

679
01:51:37.510 --> 01:51:42.730
Nora Foley: Stay a little bit on schedule is that all right is there one quick question thing.

680
01:51:44.620 --> 01:51:49.090
Dane VanDervoort: I don't see any questions in the chat box right now most anyone Scott them directly to them.

681
01:51:49.870 --> 01:52:01.240
Nora Foley: All right, great, but then we'll we'll move on to the next and then we'll hopefully have time at the end of this when we do the kind of overview session where we're going to talk a little bit about all four talks in this group.

682
01:52:01.570 --> 01:52:02.290
mark carter: Alright, so.

683
01:52:02.740 --> 01:52:05.260
Nora Foley: The next speaker is going to be.

684
01:52:07.030 --> 01:52:23.980
Nora Foley: David schaefer and the title of the talk is occurrences of the rare earth elements in bauxite and kale and clays in the coastal plain of Georgia, and this presentation is co authored by Crawford Elliot and David I assume you're going to share your screen right now.

685
01:52:24.640 --> 01:52:26.620
David: Yes, so can everyone hear me OK.

686
01:52:27.730 --> 01:52:29.380
Nora Foley: I can hear you can everyone else.

687
01:52:31.780 --> 01:52:33.190
brad.worley: Yes, yeah.

688
01:52:33.250 --> 01:52:34.600
David: Okay, so.

689
01:52:35.380 --> 01:52:39.430
David: i'm David i'm a recent masters graduate at Georgia state.

690
01:52:39.430 --> 01:52:42.370
David: University, and this was my master's.

691
01:52:42.370 --> 01:52:55.240
David: project, which is something of a retread of our first two presentations today, but a bear with me so obviously we're talking about the rare earth elements candy Atrium and the lat last night.

692
01:52:56.290 --> 01:53:11.110
David: um there has been some mild exploration, especially about a century ago for rare earth elements in Georgia but we're going to be looking at a hypotheses generated by.

693
01:53:12.100 --> 01:53:24.190
David: More recent exploration of these elements, as well as some of the work that I did i'm going to obviously talk about the methods and the occurrences that we found.

694
01:53:25.300 --> 01:53:37.060
David: So we're mostly going to be looking at the fall line here that's where the state's Eastern kalan bell is and Dr Elliot my advisor he.

695
01:53:38.140 --> 01:53:42.460
David: has been working on searching for rare earth elements in this kalan.

696
01:53:44.350 --> 01:53:52.540
David: As other talks earlier today talked about in the luteal sub sediments in beach sans there's the heavy mineral sands, which are.

697
01:53:53.320 --> 01:54:09.460
David: Also, a hot topic of conversation, but not much has been done in the box sites which are which coexist with the caitlin's typically so we're also going to be looking at those stay, along with the kalan in the fall line region.

698
01:54:10.570 --> 01:54:21.310
David: So, once again, this is the fall line and we're basically going to be looking at arlington county or excuse me irvington and centerville area.

699
01:54:23.560 --> 01:54:29.560
David: The irvington was where the main project site was for this project and.

700
01:54:31.000 --> 01:54:31.570
David: A.

701
01:54:33.790 --> 01:54:36.340
David: So we're trying to figure out.

702
01:54:37.540 --> 01:54:44.410
David: What, how do we explain the enrichment so various elements in the caitlin's the the beach sand.

703
01:54:45.430 --> 01:54:58.510
David: The box sites um there's kind of three hypotheses that we can go about this hypothesis one is there's an inheritance as and there's a heavy.

704
01:55:00.490 --> 01:55:15.010
David: or excuse me there's various element minerals containing minerals that are embedded within either the clay's the box sites, obviously the heavy heavy mineral sands are H1 but we don't know for sure about.

705
01:55:16.090 --> 01:55:30.070
David: The caitlin's in the box site, it could be hypothesis, to which is similar to what we see in China of ions or clays or there might be some combination of the two.

706
01:55:31.900 --> 01:55:34.690
David: So this is a map of.

707
01:55:36.010 --> 01:55:38.440
David: Generally we're where we did our work.

708
01:55:41.680 --> 01:55:51.760
David: So i'll and i'll explain these samples in a minute, but our main site was here, where it says glassy clay and we also had a near bite site here, where it says box I.

709
01:55:52.180 --> 01:56:08.470
David: um we have another kalan sample over here, where it says Eastern kalan and we also have a Mon as i'd sample and I will talk about each of those samples now and i'll come back to this map later for more discussion, but um.

710
01:56:10.030 --> 01:56:22.810
David: So at our at our main sample size outside irvington we kind of had this rough strata graphic column of you have kalan glassy clay, which i'll talk about in a second bauxite and the more kalan.

711
01:56:23.260 --> 01:56:47.110
David: So at this site there's what the miners they're called glassy clay, which is a kalan like clay, except when you hit it, it makes a much different sound it makes it glassy like sound when it breaks and a the miners had no use for this, they could not sell it for anything and.

712
01:56:48.340 --> 01:57:06.550
David: So it was it was it's just a surplus material um and the box I they were beginning to sell as a box or which resides directly underneath this classic clay, and so we sampled the kale in the glassy clay, the box I in the kalan even underneath the box site.

713
01:57:08.230 --> 01:57:21.100
David: The key to caitlin's at the sample site turned out to be I guess you could say on interesting in terms of rare earth elements, but the glassy clay in the box sites were in all obviously go into that in a minute.

714
01:57:21.910 --> 01:57:29.650
David: uh and the kalan at the other Eastern site which I talked about here, and your deep step Georgia.

715
01:57:31.120 --> 01:57:50.950
David: Did it turn out to be enriched also we wanted to see if there was an inheritance from mona's aight so we got a mono desired sample from further to the West and we're trying to see if there's kind of a Mon, as I belt throughout the state that might explain enrichment.

716
01:57:52.270 --> 01:58:05.230
David: And lastly, we have a mind way sample from the processing of kalan at this site to see if being removed in a bunch of material that it might be then further enrich.

717
01:58:06.280 --> 01:58:14.590
David: So this is what the glassy clay looks like it looks basically just like kalan slight color difference in once again a textural difference.

718
01:58:15.190 --> 01:58:22.780
David: This is what our most desired sample looked like it was basically a black dirt coexisting in normal Georgia read soil.

719
01:58:23.410 --> 01:58:41.830
David: It was found near the surface of the soil, probably about a foot below the surface um we're gonna be talking about to box i'd stay one is a basic piece elliptic box I in the second one is so at one of these mines nearby nearby from the main project site.

720
01:58:43.060 --> 01:59:07.990
David: Their box, I was exposed at the at the surface, as they were reminding it and it underwent a weathering where it formed these columnar structures as a weathered away from I suppose acid rain um and we tested those and we found interesting results so i'll go into second so are.

721
01:59:09.550 --> 01:59:27.460
David: Our methods, where we did whole rock chemistry via ICP Ms, and this was done with the help of activation laboratories and Ontario and we also did a mineral composition analysis with X Ray fraction in house.

722
01:59:29.290 --> 01:59:38.080
David: So we found for the minerals via X RD the box sites had gifts like kale and i'd some annotation root Teal.

723
01:59:40.060 --> 01:59:47.530
David: The eastern kalan had kayla and I, as one would assume courts annotate possibly Z lighter muscovite.

724
01:59:48.550 --> 02:00:01.870
David: In finally in the glassy clay, we find kayla and I annotate routine and zero con which is indicative of hypothesis one having rare earth element bearing minerals zero con being one of those.

725
02:00:03.640 --> 02:00:20.170
David: In in its composition so here's our main oxides for these elements, and we see here that the glassy clay as extraordinarily high enriched amounts, this is normalized to.

726
02:00:21.640 --> 02:00:27.550
David: To upper continental press so when it says, like to hear that means like two times as much.

727
02:00:28.660 --> 02:00:40.630
David: Say titanium but here we have about six way percent titanium, which is very odd considering the values for the other box sites and clays.

728
02:00:41.800 --> 02:00:54.910
David: The mona's I also has a lot of titanium so we're not sure if there's a connection there the waist has a lot of iron and the box sites, of course, have high aluminum content but we're still seeing.

729
02:00:56.710 --> 02:01:11.170
David: A kind of peek here in the titanium for the glass and clay, this is our trace elements i'm The one thing to note here's a ignore molybdenum for the waist because during the waist processing there's a.

730
02:01:12.160 --> 02:01:22.660
David: molybdenum additive that's added for processing so kind of ignore that but we're seeing very high zero con and it's kind of twin element happening.

731
02:01:24.190 --> 02:01:33.610
David: In the glassy clay, as well as the waist which as we'll see moving forward, has a very similar reached out to the classic clay.

732
02:01:36.010 --> 02:01:45.160
David: um and so finally we're at are rare earth elements and we see a very interesting thing happening with the glassy clay, the ways.

733
02:01:45.670 --> 02:01:58.570
David: And the peaceful idiot box I, which has a linear increase in enrichment from europium onwards getting to actually a pretty substantial enrichment and Liu for the glassy clay.

734
02:02:00.280 --> 02:02:10.420
David: The columnar box, I, for whatever reason was the highest in scandium, which is, I believe the most valuable rare earth element, though it's enrichment isn't.

735
02:02:11.080 --> 02:02:23.110
David: Extraordinary it's only about two times, and then we have Atrium which is typically seen as a heavy rare earth element also high in the.

736
02:02:24.250 --> 02:02:45.760
David: In the samples that are high in the rest of the heavies you know europium onwards um, however, we see this kind of almost a bell curve for the Eastern kalan for the lights, and that is interesting because, as we found in the Mon, as it, as it has almost the same exact bell curve shape.

737
02:02:48.670 --> 02:02:51.310
David: For the for the light elements and actually.

738
02:02:52.330 --> 02:02:55.450
David: Having been even dwarfed here in the last few.

739
02:02:56.470 --> 02:02:57.250
David: heavies.

740
02:02:58.480 --> 02:03:04.600
David: But the one exception being European we're not entirely sure why we think that might be having to do with.

741
02:03:06.310 --> 02:03:11.260
David: How Magna crystallizes during their process um.

742
02:03:12.340 --> 02:03:34.390
David: But, so this is indicative of hypothesis, one that maybe there's some Mon, as I coexisting in the eastern kalan However, this isn't showing what our inheritance, it is for the glassy clay, the box I in the waist we're not sure where it's getting this enrichment from so going back to this.

743
02:03:35.800 --> 02:03:47.200
David: We think that this blue band here this precambrian paleozoic biotech Nice, we think, because that's where we found the the Mon, as I did, that might be.

744
02:03:47.590 --> 02:04:06.280
David: Where this mono design is occurring and sure enough basically upstream of our eastern kalan is the span, so we think that the Mon, as I is getting into at least some of the kalan belts kalan though this does not explain the.

745
02:04:07.360 --> 02:04:08.740
David: glassy clean the boxing.

746
02:04:09.940 --> 02:04:19.720
David: So just recapping kind of what i've gone over we found this unusual band that we're temporarily calling glassy clay.

747
02:04:20.620 --> 02:04:31.180
David: In this show the highest rare earth elements are heavy rare earth element enrichment amongst all the samples that we found at extremely high titanium content.

748
02:04:31.660 --> 02:04:49.000
David: In the waist which they are you know producing here is basically mirroring these results so even if there's not a lot of glasses clay they're essentially manufacturer in a slightly less potent glassy clay, through their ways processing.

749
02:04:50.170 --> 02:05:04.330
David: How the calendar box, I once again had the highest scandium i'm in the kalan had a very similar light element light rare earth element curve to.

750
02:05:05.410 --> 02:05:16.810
David: The mona's I, with the exception of europium zero calm was present in the glassy and waste samples, which is indicative of H1 though we still do not know where desert con is coming from.

751
02:05:19.540 --> 02:05:28.210
David: And we still have yet to find any evidence of H2 ions option that's forthcoming.

752
02:05:29.590 --> 02:05:35.950
David: analysis that we hope to do in the future, and we hope to do more testing of the mono site as well.

753
02:05:36.580 --> 02:05:51.910
David: Just some quick acknowledgments Thank you to Georgia State University for the assistantship my advisor Dr Elliot and Lindsay Dan and Greg a any questions and also i'm unemployed and recently graduated so hiring me.

754
02:05:54.310 --> 02:05:55.150
David: that's all I got.

755
02:05:57.310 --> 02:05:59.440
Nora Foley: Thank you very, very nice ending.

756
02:06:00.610 --> 02:06:14.530
Nora Foley: Now I you know I have there's a couple of different questions that I have, I think we have a little bit of time before the next talk so first i'll though i'll check asked Dane, if there is any questions that are been put into the chat box.

757
02:06:16.120 --> 02:06:19.060
Dane VanDervoort: It looks like Warren just asked a question I don't know if you want to see you.

758
02:06:20.530 --> 02:06:22.960
Dane VanDervoort: Ask it directly or he wants me to read it, I can.

759
02:06:24.550 --> 02:06:28.000
Warren Day (USGS): I can ask, thank you very much for informative talk.

760
02:06:29.020 --> 02:06:34.750
Warren Day (USGS): i'm sorry I am used to looking at worth plots normalize the contracts.

761
02:06:36.250 --> 02:06:41.590
Warren Day (USGS): In the glassy clays so how many times contracts are you seeing.

762
02:06:43.570 --> 02:06:55.570
David: um that was not something that we have analyzed I did not compare it to contracts i'm like I said this was based on the this.

763
02:06:57.280 --> 02:07:09.400
David: upper continental crust just average so just any random given plot of continental crust will more or less have xyz um.

764
02:07:11.860 --> 02:07:15.520
David: Okay, my advisor Dr Elliot says he can weigh in here so.

765
02:07:19.450 --> 02:07:19.840
David: yeah.

766
02:07:20.380 --> 02:07:21.340
Crawford Elliott: You can hear me all.

767
02:07:22.000 --> 02:07:22.420
Mr.

768
02:07:23.620 --> 02:07:31.390
Crawford Elliott: Warren and that's a good question and we are brainwashed David to think in terms of upper continental crust because we're interested in.

769
02:07:31.870 --> 02:07:46.930
Crawford Elliott: Looking at changes in Richmond syndications relative to crystal processes so we we don't think in terms of see one contracts, but I think the to curse, if I understand this correctly they parallel each other, put the put their differences in the order of magnitudes.

770
02:07:48.310 --> 02:07:50.020
Crawford Elliott: So if that helps warn your.

771
02:07:51.370 --> 02:07:53.260
Warren Day (USGS): wrap my mind around so.

772
02:07:54.940 --> 02:07:55.750
Warren Day (USGS): You know, read.

773
02:07:56.920 --> 02:08:03.100
Warren Day (USGS): Well Okay, I can I can back into that i'm just wondering about say the total worth content on those class.

774
02:08:05.350 --> 02:08:05.830
Warren Day (USGS): oxide.

775
02:08:07.120 --> 02:08:20.440
David: um if we're talking about parts per million the classy clay had about 566 parts per million records oxide and.

776
02:08:22.810 --> 02:08:30.040
David: The the eastern kayla and actually had the most, even though it was mostly in the lighters at a 600 parts per million.

777
02:08:30.070 --> 02:08:33.370
Warren Day (USGS): Okay, great Thank you that does, they are enrich Thank you very much.

778
02:08:39.940 --> 02:08:41.920
Are there any more questions from the audience.

779
02:08:48.430 --> 02:08:58.090
Nora Foley: If not we'll go ahead and get the next started talk started, and then you know we'll continue this discussion at the at the next discussion periods so.

780
02:09:01.660 --> 02:09:03.790
let's see Warren are you sharing your screen.

781
02:09:07.030 --> 02:09:07.450
Warren Day (USGS): nope.

782
02:09:08.590 --> 02:09:10.900
Nora Foley: Okay, well, the next lesson to me.

783
02:09:15.580 --> 02:09:20.350
Nora Foley: Okay i'm going to go ahead and share the screen for the next talk we'll start with.

784
02:09:36.880 --> 02:09:38.320
And people see the screen.

785
02:09:41.470 --> 02:09:42.520
Dane VanDervoort: Oh yeah, we can see it no.

786
02:09:43.360 --> 02:09:53.170
Nora Foley: Okay, very good all right, this talk is going to be given by Ian when it's a study of mineralogical and aesthetic characteristics of sediment in it Gansu province in China.

787
02:09:53.680 --> 02:10:06.700
Nora Foley: And joined on this talk with Ian will be Thomas wayland and Burke Carter and i'm going to go ahead, I have the recording so i'm going to share that now hello, my name is here when i'm an undergraduate to.

788
02:10:12.580 --> 02:10:26.470
hello, my name is Ian when an undergraduate theology in mathematics student at Georgia Southwestern State University and today i'll be talking about study of the mineralogical and aesthetic characteristics of settlements in Gansu province.

789
02:10:29.290 --> 02:10:31.720
Nora Foley: To province in western China.

790
02:10:33.070 --> 02:10:36.250
spans from central China to northwestern.

791
02:11:28.330 --> 02:11:30.550
Ian: So am I supposed to play the recording myself.

792
02:11:36.940 --> 02:11:40.030
Dane VanDervoort: i'm not sure, nor do we have a link for.

793
02:11:40.720 --> 02:11:41.410
Ian: Okay there it is.

794
02:11:42.790 --> 02:11:43.120
Ian: Okay.

795
02:12:12.190 --> 02:12:12.490
Dane VanDervoort: Are you.

796
02:12:14.980 --> 02:12:15.370
Dane VanDervoort: Aryan.

797
02:12:16.810 --> 02:12:19.870
Dane VanDervoort: Okay, let me see if maybe it's Nora or author.

798
02:12:20.020 --> 02:12:20.500
yeah.

799
02:12:22.990 --> 02:12:30.520
Nora Foley: mixed with water to the consistency of mine and they replied to the outside of pottery is can be seen in this picture.

800
02:12:31.060 --> 02:12:44.440
Nora Foley: These pictures are from sediments used in these locations, so, as you can see that this significantly high quality product can be produced from local materials and that's The purpose of this study.

801
02:12:45.580 --> 02:12:47.140
These claims can be used as.

802
02:12:49.540 --> 02:13:00.640
Nora Foley: An economic resource potentially when they are if they would be Expo exploited the industry would be a very low cost abundant.

803
02:13:01.210 --> 02:13:11.080
Nora Foley: And minimally environmentally impactful endeavor because most of the time these settlements are transplanted or just disposed of, or.

804
02:13:11.770 --> 02:13:23.800
Nora Foley: not really regarded as something that is economically that they're used to manipulate or get out of the way to build some sort of foundation for larger buildings.

805
02:13:24.730 --> 02:13:40.150
Nora Foley: Since much not much else can be done with it, since it's a relatively semi arid to arid region it's not really much use for it agriculturally so a potential financial benefit from their economic benefit from.

806
02:13:41.200 --> 02:13:58.240
Nora Foley: exploitation of these wildly abundant resources would be very attractive in this area, especially since can soon as an economically underperforming region within China being the poorest our lowest average household income province in the country.

807
02:14:00.940 --> 02:14:02.020
In addition to this.

808
02:14:03.670 --> 02:14:06.850
Production production and development of the economic.

809
02:14:08.590 --> 02:14:16.750
Nora Foley: Industry around the use of the sediments would produce a ceramic our identity within the region, which is something.

810
02:14:17.980 --> 02:14:27.130
Nora Foley: lacking in places elsewhere outside of East China with the standard of porcelain pottery where and other such.

811
02:14:28.960 --> 02:14:38.260
Nora Foley: Internationally known techniques, so this would produce a different identity for the region as a whole, on top of potential economic benefit.

812
02:14:40.840 --> 02:14:47.950
On the right, you can see two vessels our glazed using a local ceramics.

813
02:14:49.270 --> 02:14:50.680
First, local sentiments.

814
02:14:51.910 --> 02:15:05.080
Nora Foley: And the no additives were included a local mineralogy produced a very complicated complex texture and appearance in fired pottery at this temperature.

815
02:15:05.860 --> 02:15:21.160
Nora Foley: And for this purpose, we as me as a geologist, I was interested in what chemically was happening, as well as physical and optical properties that what minerals are included and their interactions results in such a appearance.

816
02:15:27.250 --> 02:15:36.070
Nora Foley: going about this, what I did was chose four main regions within the province and three in the southeast region within the last plateau.

817
02:15:38.260 --> 02:15:49.990
And one in the Northwest within the gobi desert and compare them to each other, these four regions were chosen for mineralogical diversity and.

818
02:15:51.370 --> 02:15:52.720
Local diversity as well.

819
02:15:56.890 --> 02:15:57.550
And these.

820
02:15:59.560 --> 02:16:03.790
Nora Foley: fired sample of from.

821
02:16:03.820 --> 02:16:08.350
Crawford Elliott: These two locations within doing home in the Northwest region.

822
02:16:10.690 --> 02:16:15.160
Nora Foley: The top one the test style is showing the.

823
02:16:16.630 --> 02:16:18.370
glaze that was applied there is a.

824
02:16:19.570 --> 02:16:31.630
Some complexity within where there's re crystallization of some minerals and also reduction of something that is apparently iron oxide and a lot of complicated.

825
02:16:33.070 --> 02:16:35.710
Nora Foley: interactions that would not have.

826
02:16:37.030 --> 02:16:38.350
Nora Foley: One would not initially.

827
02:16:39.970 --> 02:16:54.280
Nora Foley: imagined would occur from something with no additives and raw from the earth, the same thing is true for most of the samples in these these locations we're not too far apart and yet their products.

828
02:16:55.540 --> 02:16:57.340
Nora Foley: are quite different and appearance.

829
02:16:58.780 --> 02:17:10.390
Nora Foley: And this is another factor that is of importance when considering these as an industry is the diversity and locality of each of these sermons.

830
02:17:11.770 --> 02:17:18.100
Nora Foley: This is an addition, this sentiment came from the southeast of cancer within the was plateau and the appearance.

831
02:17:19.750 --> 02:17:28.480
Nora Foley: When fire is no Green and installing this we found in the next winter on will discuss the trace mineral that.

832
02:17:31.600 --> 02:17:34.030
Nora Foley: We imagine, is the reason for this being green.

833
02:17:36.520 --> 02:17:47.200
Nora Foley: And this further demonstrates the diversity between regions around the province and appearance than when use this glazes.

834
02:17:48.730 --> 02:18:04.900
Nora Foley: More specifically about on techniques on each sample was fired to come six temperatures, as can be shown on those tests house and the luster appearance in color role observed in that regard.

835
02:18:05.980 --> 02:18:14.140
Nora Foley: And in addition to that each sample is subjected to X Ray powder diffraction to determine a chemical composition both chemical composition.

836
02:18:15.550 --> 02:18:33.430
Nora Foley: Of the second each of the segments X Ray fluorescence was used on a few samples to gain a baseline understanding of the chemical component makeup of each of the samples to narrow down which minerals to index from these X Ray diffraction data.

837
02:18:34.870 --> 02:18:41.380
Nora Foley: Another fine was done on a few of the samples in order to perform X Ray diffraction on those as well to compare.

838
02:18:42.400 --> 02:18:43.780
Pre and post firing.

839
02:18:45.160 --> 02:18:48.190
behaviors in X Ray diffraction analysis.

840
02:18:53.080 --> 02:19:03.910
Nora Foley: After extra diffraction analysis, a series of peaks we're paying for each sample can be shown here, there is a very tight correlation between every sample recovered.

841
02:19:05.170 --> 02:19:11.890
This is due to the genetic relationship between all all the sediments on the surface of Gansu province.

842
02:19:13.000 --> 02:19:19.900
Nora Foley: Being mostly glacial alien and glacier flu you, as mentioned earlier on.

843
02:19:21.550 --> 02:19:30.190
Nora Foley: The overall composition was very closely related, as I stated, and that is being high end for it's a lesser concentrations.

844
02:19:30.760 --> 02:19:41.860
Nora Foley: was a greater variation of film spark muscovite canaanite human titan calcite These minerals were very important in determining the minor.

845
02:19:42.790 --> 02:19:54.910
Nora Foley: physical and chemical differences between the minerals and the minor routine titanium was noted in the X Ray fluorescence and we think that this retail is when influenced.

846
02:19:56.650 --> 02:20:09.520
Nora Foley: When the loss plateau sample to turn green, but this was not proven this is currently hypothesize but further testing has to be done to make sure about that.

847
02:20:12.730 --> 02:20:18.640
about the understanding of the behavior of minerals and sentiments in the milk.

848
02:20:20.740 --> 02:20:28.300
Nora Foley: This red line is the X Ray diffraction results of one of the fired samples, as stated before.

849
02:20:29.440 --> 02:20:41.260
Nora Foley: And with it, compared to the blue line, which is the native sampling and it shows that in firing a breakdown, to some degree of crystal graphic structures within.

850
02:20:42.070 --> 02:20:55.000
Nora Foley: The bulk occurs, so these peaks of course decreased by something out signifying that some melting or dissociation this course has occurred.

851
02:20:58.030 --> 02:21:02.650
Nora Foley: resulting in an overall more smooth out X Ray diffraction curve.

852
02:21:04.630 --> 02:21:09.070
Nora Foley: And and earlier on the muscovite and.

853
02:21:11.140 --> 02:21:14.380
kale and I peaks are shown to be much less.

854
02:21:16.120 --> 02:21:24.790
Nora Foley: noticeable almost non existent likely due to complete melting to the earth and almost entire molding of those respective minerals.

855
02:21:27.010 --> 02:21:27.460
um.

856
02:21:29.650 --> 02:21:33.280
Nora Foley: And here's the appearance of the native sample shown before.

857
02:21:34.780 --> 02:21:36.610
Before firing and after firing.

858
02:21:37.990 --> 02:21:50.260
Nora Foley: As can be seen as almost the glass like the tree is that appearance, so it means that the firing in the cooling rate resulted in a more a more.

859
02:21:51.370 --> 02:21:56.050
substance than even was obtained when fired in a standard ceramics killed.

860
02:21:59.620 --> 02:22:09.190
Nora Foley: Overall, the behavior of each mineral was somewhat determined and their respective in their interactions with each other.

861
02:22:10.540 --> 02:22:13.330
Nora Foley: First off kayla night, its main.

862
02:22:15.730 --> 02:22:24.070
influence on melt behavior is a cohesion or homogeneity of particles in a milk, for instance of.

863
02:22:25.420 --> 02:22:37.900
Nora Foley: Courts of grains or some other substance or holding suspension in the mill it prevents flooring meant to create a settling effect so that limits that.

864
02:22:39.880 --> 02:22:43.960
produces a relatively homogeneous appearance in the milk.

865
02:22:45.850 --> 02:22:56.380
Nora Foley: Those are loners is relatively low viscosity and more glassy and vitreous and appearance and very high levels of fellas bar it result in a more shiny.

866
02:22:57.820 --> 02:23:00.010
glossy appearance in the mill.

867
02:23:01.090 --> 02:23:09.340
Nora Foley: Courts has various influences on know behaviors it's the bulk of the composition of each of the sediments.

868
02:23:11.650 --> 02:23:19.990
Nora Foley: matt and grainy with larger particles is the relatively most common effect, of course.

869
02:23:21.040 --> 02:23:32.320
Nora Foley: And as course does not tend to melt in this temperature or be influenced this temperature increases the overall viscosity of.

870
02:23:33.880 --> 02:23:51.100
Nora Foley: muscovite sometimes breaks down whether it's in response to the temperatures in the stresses, but no real chemical change was thought to have occurring due to muscovite, but it does affect the appearance of the.

871
02:23:53.470 --> 02:23:58.210
Of the note to some degree in terms of glossy this or.

872
02:23:59.260 --> 02:24:00.880
vitreous appearance.

873
02:24:02.230 --> 02:24:02.800
Nora Foley: hematite.

874
02:24:04.330 --> 02:24:14.320
Nora Foley: With respect to the killing in atmosphere and environment if the oxygen level is a lower amount that it may reduce to iron two plus in a pure black.

875
02:24:14.950 --> 02:24:27.340
Nora Foley: But if it was not produced, then it will appear more red and be unaffected, more or less during process only influencing the milken producing a more reddish color.

876
02:24:28.450 --> 02:24:42.190
Nora Foley: calcite has a whiting affecting glazes and as it has a lower melting point may flux, the overall composition down to melt at a lower temperature influencing the flow textures for.

877
02:24:45.040 --> 02:24:48.130
Nora Foley: velocity flow velocity of the mouth.

878
02:24:49.660 --> 02:24:55.360
Nora Foley: But overall, each mineral has a distinct influence.

879
02:24:56.560 --> 02:25:07.360
Nora Foley: On the male behavior and these all of these factors together combined to show us what we concluded is that those a mineral.

880
02:25:07.930 --> 02:25:21.310
Nora Foley: Diversity is very, very narrow and almost it chemically identical between all samples obtain the slight variations in each of these minerals produced drastic differences in.

881
02:25:22.420 --> 02:25:39.880
Nora Foley: melt behavior and texture and appearance and this this can be thought of as a optimistic outcome in terms of understanding with respect and understanding, these as economic potential reality, because they could.

882
02:25:41.530 --> 02:25:52.210
Nora Foley: This could imply some level of difficulty in replication of these settlements, so they can be used more as a on exclusive or.

883
02:25:54.160 --> 02:26:04.840
Nora Foley: hard to access material that is only available in this very specific region and could that could potentially influence price and demand as a result.

884
02:26:06.070 --> 02:26:14.830
Nora Foley: These textures and behaviors have not really well been documented or known outside of the local region.

885
02:26:16.060 --> 02:26:16.630
So.

886
02:26:17.650 --> 02:26:23.620
Nora Foley: An increased understanding of these could influence a generate a new market in the area.

887
02:26:24.790 --> 02:26:25.210
and

888
02:26:28.900 --> 02:26:30.820
that's all any questions.

889
02:26:36.580 --> 02:26:38.620
Nora Foley: Actually I do actually have a question.

890
02:26:39.670 --> 02:26:47.260
Nora Foley: and very interesting talk little step away from from some of the other talks that we've heard earlier, but in you've been listening to them so.

891
02:26:47.680 --> 02:26:59.020
Nora Foley: Now the way I understand it you're saying that some of the variations that result in the glazes after they're fired are basically a function of the different differences in the proportions of the minerals.

892
02:26:59.380 --> 02:27:20.200
Ian: Yes, pretty much now, is it possible, do not right, I always think about people, adding chemicals like copper, or you know iron or even titanium to a to a glaze to change the coloration, is it possible that there's earth elements or or titanium or some other very minor elements that are.

893
02:27:20.230 --> 02:27:26.110
Nora Foley: That are adding to these kind of really pretty unique coloration without you know any additives.

894
02:27:26.980 --> 02:27:31.480
Ian: Yes, so um that's where we're going with studying these as a.

895
02:27:32.860 --> 02:27:42.970
Ian: For use an industry, the local ceramics industry and when Joe where I went and studied these for a period of two months we they showed that.

896
02:27:43.810 --> 02:27:57.130
Ian: They the behavior of the glazes was similar to that and what they experienced when adding retail legalizes and so that's why it's such a small degree that we were not able to I was not able to find it in the extra diffraction.

897
02:27:58.750 --> 02:28:08.230
Ian: Over over top of anything else but they're from what i've been told from them that the behavior is very close to what they would expect from a Teal.

898
02:28:10.930 --> 02:28:19.570
Ian: Great very interesting huh Thank you Dana there any other questions for Ian or the group in the chat box right.

899
02:28:19.960 --> 02:28:31.480
Dane VanDervoort: Now man there no no questions in chat box Okay, so you know we successfully you heard all the presentations I think sorry for the little bit of a mix up at the start of ants talk, but you know.

900
02:28:32.230 --> 02:28:40.060
Ian: The thing that was missed at the beginning was just the geographic background and the geographic background of the Gansu province.

901
02:28:41.020 --> 02:28:46.180
Nora Foley: And well I you know I it's I think every new thing comes with a little bit of off it's.

902
02:28:46.510 --> 02:28:53.890
Nora Foley: Fine alright, so you know we're at right now so we're going to start a rather have like a 15 minute.

903
02:28:55.090 --> 02:29:11.560
Nora Foley: chat session before we start back with the posters at 1155 so we can take you know we've all been online for a couple hours we can take maybe five minutes and come back and finish the discussion or you know if I want to like to do that so i'll let's come back at.

904
02:29:12.670 --> 02:29:16.900
Ian: I don't know what time is it now like 1145 1140 love yeah.

905
02:29:16.960 --> 02:29:29.860
Nora Foley: let's come back at 145 and five minutes, take a little walk and and think of some questions and we can continue the discussion on this really wide breadth of topics that have been covered this morning okay.

906
02:29:34.120 --> 02:29:31.000
Great.

907
02:29:31.001 --> 02:29:36.240
Nora Foley: I had a question on the glassy these blassie place.

908
02:29:38.190 --> 02:29:39.630
Nora Foley: Is David, are you still on.

909
02:29:45.180 --> 02:29:46.350
or Crawford Elliot.

910
02:29:50.400 --> 02:29:52.470
Crawford Elliott: yeah i'm here oh.

911
02:29:52.500 --> 02:30:00.630
Nora Foley: yeah you know, I was just very curious that they sound really interesting in terms of their texture and you know and very distinctive compared to the other.

912
02:30:01.440 --> 02:30:18.330
Nora Foley: Know Basically, this is a fixed sequence of sedimentary kaolin um could they be related to could they be some kind of a volcanic related clay, or is there some kind of difference in the mineralogy are they solidify what gives them that glassy character um.

913
02:30:19.140 --> 02:30:21.720
Crawford Elliott: We we haven't taken a deep dive on.

914
02:30:23.460 --> 02:30:31.710
Crawford Elliott: Children was not taking a deep dive on it, but if you look at the rock itself, it might look like a hard callin at first approximation.

915
02:30:32.160 --> 02:30:44.430
Crawford Elliott: So it does look clay eat, but then, when the backhoe hits it, it gives us a certain clang, if you will, and they have to go and go through that material with a bit more energy than the other claims.

916
02:30:45.270 --> 02:30:56.670
Crawford Elliott: So it gives the appearance of a clay, a hard kale and, if you will, maybe a super hard kalin so we haven't really looked at it with SEM or anything like that.

917
02:30:57.330 --> 02:31:14.460
Crawford Elliott: to know whether or not it's just been highly compacted fine grained or whether there's a segmentation but it gives the appearance of a sedimentary clay that's highly cemented would be my the way I would describe it right off the BAT for you.

918
02:31:14.910 --> 02:31:24.480
Nora Foley: I just found it pretty interesting because I did a lot of work on like a hail kalan deposits down in in South Carolina and they are up in South Carolina but they.

919
02:31:25.290 --> 02:31:33.810
Nora Foley: They actually formed from alteration of volcanic and they had they in during mining they do have some of that sort of glassy.

920
02:31:34.170 --> 02:31:43.680
Nora Foley: And coil type fracturing when you're breaking them apart so i'm in there, the Aliens are in an ad mix with you know really super fine.

921
02:31:44.580 --> 02:31:54.330
Nora Foley: gupta Crystal and courts and a few other things are related to the precursor rock so i'm sure it's something that that that's an interesting study and i'm sure you guys will be expanding on it.

922
02:31:55.290 --> 02:32:10.680
Crawford Elliott: Absolutely to jessica's question early on, if Dave has has his slides queued up or if we can go to that trace elements slide sheet, he can go to the thorium and give JESSICA, a sense of that.

923
02:32:12.150 --> 02:32:26.910
Crawford Elliott: How enriched is relative to upper continental crust and now we give you a sense right off the BAT of the thorium contents, but I don't think they're I don't my recollection is correct, I don't think there's anywhere close to 500 parts per million or anything like that.

924
02:32:31.110 --> 02:32:40.260
Arthur Merschat: marcy also noticed marcio See also notice something about the rotation sentiments in Virginia so marcial and if you'd like to comment as well on on the nature of the.

925
02:32:41.280 --> 02:32:42.570
Arthur Merschat: rotation sentiments in Virginia.

926
02:32:43.530 --> 02:32:45.660
Marcie Occhi - VA: yeah can you guys hear me okay.

927
02:32:46.080 --> 02:32:46.890
Nora Foley: Yes, yes.

928
02:32:47.640 --> 02:32:59.280
Marcie Occhi - VA: Okay, so I do a little bit of mapping in the fall zone of Virginia and the cretaceous outcrops that i've seen a lot of the larger class are.

929
02:33:00.480 --> 02:33:18.840
Marcie Occhi - VA: I would say, maybe 35 to 50% volcanic class and for the most part, especially it's fresh outcrops these volcanic class are almost completely weathered to like a whitish looking clay that sometimes you know when you're scraping it off.

930
02:33:20.070 --> 02:33:28.200
Marcie Occhi - VA: sort of echo what Nora was saying you do see sort of that like can quite a low most shiny or greasy sort of surface when you're.

931
02:33:29.250 --> 02:33:39.780
Marcie Occhi - VA: digging into them with with a pen knife or something so that's just something that i've noticed i'm sure it's not true for the whole cretaceous section, but at least what i've seen around the fall zone.

932
02:33:41.070 --> 02:33:44.670
Marcie Occhi - VA: there's a lot of volcanic class that are really weathered in Virginia.

933
02:33:45.720 --> 02:33:58.320
Nora Foley: And we found for the South carolina's we deposits, we found that there were absorbed rare earth elements on some of those volcanic derived white white real white clays so interesting.

934
02:33:59.940 --> 02:34:00.540
To hear about more.

935
02:34:02.610 --> 02:34:18.810
Arthur Merschat: Can I ask the question then Tuesday through what those volcanic class or those young are those something that's being derived from the bedrock like the the you know Carolina train or or even for Virginia, the you know the blue Ridge amount Rogers any any thoughts or any dates on them.

936
02:34:22.140 --> 02:34:34.590
Marcie Occhi - VA: yeah I would suspect and so mark Carter has done a little bit of Detroit or con work from the volcanic like in the puddle corey she was on the the hope well.

937
02:34:43.140 --> 02:34:50.400
Marcie Occhi - VA: quad right along the fall zone, and I mean like 304 hundred some for most of all candidates if mark is actually on here, he.

938
02:34:51.570 --> 02:34:58.380
Marcie Occhi - VA: He would have a better answer than i'm able to provide I see he's chatting away so you should ask him to talk.

939
02:34:59.640 --> 02:35:00.390
mark carter: yeah i'm here.

940
02:35:01.410 --> 02:35:19.770
mark carter: yeah we've got aged we've got at the problem is our call and sweet on the sands and then we've actually got some age dates on the class of both the volcanic classes marcy's talk about, as well as grenade it class and.

941
02:35:20.790 --> 02:35:29.250
mark carter: Two triangles are calling on a constituent courtside class that's incorporated into into everything.

942
02:35:30.270 --> 02:35:39.090
mark carter: In the data would really suggest that a lot of those quotations class are coming from the verge ilana district.

943
02:35:40.170 --> 02:35:54.150
mark carter: So they're being transported across the rally terrain across the roanoke rapids terrain southern part of the Duke splintering and getting into the cretaceous there the interesting thing about it is, is that the volcanic class.

944
02:35:56.760 --> 02:36:02.010
mark carter: Most of them are the ones that i've seen total Doc their unborn.

945
02:36:03.030 --> 02:36:16.800
mark carter: They they look like pristine volcanic rocks and we just simply don't see that out in the Virginia North Carolina Piedmont anymore what we're seeing is the deeper green she is facing these routes to those.

946
02:36:18.390 --> 02:36:23.370
mark carter: To those rocks and so they're only now preserved in the bazell cretaceous.

947
02:36:25.230 --> 02:36:42.900
mark carter: As more CC is right there around around hope whales i've only really seen them in the in the black they do occur in some of the younger restrictive up as well, I don't think they occur to the north, I don't think they are very much to the south, but it's something to look into.

948
02:36:48.120 --> 02:36:50.910
Dane VanDervoort: we've got a couple of questions in chat there.

949
02:36:54.240 --> 02:36:56.280
Dane VanDervoort: i'm not sure Crawford are you referring to.

950
02:36:57.420 --> 02:37:01.290
Dane VanDervoort: The stuff that marketing marcy we're talking about.

951
02:37:01.680 --> 02:37:05.970
Crawford Elliott: Correct correct yeah what part of the cretaceous are you talking about.

952
02:37:10.410 --> 02:37:12.060
Crawford Elliott: Or is it possible to tell.

953
02:37:12.690 --> 02:37:20.100
mark carter: it's it's Potomac group um I can get you we got some more should you recall the.

954
02:37:21.690 --> 02:37:27.750
Marcie Occhi - VA: I think the the pollen suggested, and this is back from a usgs publication from.

955
02:37:29.040 --> 02:37:38.850
Marcie Occhi - VA: James dish ginger from like the MID to late 80s, I wanted to say it was lower cretaceous so we're talking like the base of the cretaceous.

956
02:37:41.880 --> 02:37:54.150
mark carter: There was another gentleman from Great Britain, who we took out there that time, they also did some pollen and did some macro work for some of the tree stumps and whatnot and I just I can't remember his name.

957
02:37:54.990 --> 02:38:00.450
mark carter: I can get those get those references we've got some fairly good age dates on it, but it's more.

958
02:38:01.470 --> 02:38:02.340
mark carter: faithful stuff.

959
02:38:05.010 --> 02:38:08.790
Arthur Merschat: So I think we've kind of just to keep us on time, are we are.

960
02:38:10.020 --> 02:38:18.150
Arthur Merschat: At 12 o'clock and we're supposed to already start into our poster sessions, I think i'll we'll have to wrap up our discussion here, I guess, just to kind of keep us on.

961
02:38:19.380 --> 02:38:29.910
Arthur Merschat: I think angie angie will take us over with the next section of this and we still have another discussion at the end because there's a question wasn't it get to address this as well, so.

962
02:38:30.540 --> 02:38:39.510
Dane VanDervoort: yeah and there's also there's a question for Nora from the lesser Virginia I don't know, do you want to answer that directly to him or I can answer it.

963
02:38:39.540 --> 02:38:50.400
Nora Foley: yeah i'll answer it directly to not to hold up the group but it's a good question and yeah we did, because they are more they're more of the highly vaccinated igneous type granites it's a slightly different suite of.

964
02:38:51.480 --> 02:38:59.850
Primary minerals that results in their extractable rare earth elements but let's let's move forward but i'll send it out posted in the chat box okay.

965
02:39:05.700 --> 02:39:27.150
Anji Shah: Okay, so our next speaker this poster is by Sarah brown JESSICA more Phillip gentleman and Gary daft and it's about insights into critical mineral occurrences in appalachian using geochemistry of underplays and I am going to on slave her poster.

966
02:39:28.410 --> 02:39:30.480
Anji Shah: To go well with.

967
02:39:42.390 --> 02:39:49.980
Anji Shah: Launching our morals, especially for events as our entrepreneurs in the Atlanta.

968
02:39:51.360 --> 02:39:58.740
Anji Shah: This is part of a larger project with multiple surveys in appalachia as well as the oil.

969
02:39:59.760 --> 02:40:10.080
Anji Shah: and turning is certainly a license underpins have a higher proportion of minerals mirror elements, so why.

970
02:40:11.610 --> 02:40:11.850
Anji Shah: Are.

971
02:40:15.120 --> 02:40:20.340
Anji Shah: They already been looking at in West Virginia or the appalachian basin and so.

972
02:40:22.140 --> 02:40:23.940
Anji Shah: incapable analysis of.

973
02:40:26.070 --> 02:40:44.490
Anji Shah: throughout most of appalachian listen, we have the occurrence of only I own them underplays and these occur in different areas, some of them on me for some of the audience with all bets and rough areas, please so.

974
02:40:45.720 --> 02:40:57.510
Anji Shah: As part of the earth around project we wanted a set of samples to look into these higher values and see if they were stationed related or related to certain.

975
02:40:58.170 --> 02:41:20.640
Anji Shah: marvel that social environments, which really we had planned to news only superficial outcrops of that we have now state in the Holy mountain and limits to our work, we ended up writing samples of seven different or holes that had multiple lines up over pricing.

976
02:41:22.440 --> 02:41:34.050
Anji Shah: model of the ocean, you can see what are these portions of spent long with the measurements of the photo rare earths and million and divided different horizons.

977
02:41:35.520 --> 02:41:45.060
Anji Shah: After collections and billing details to be much less allowed in January you start our analysis of these different.

978
02:41:46.260 --> 02:41:48.840
Anji Shah: Elements well the samples.

979
02:41:49.860 --> 02:41:54.120
Anji Shah: For workflow, which is a program around a.

980
02:41:55.230 --> 02:41:59.310
Anji Shah: Shame learning resources to do.

981
02:42:00.750 --> 02:42:04.470
Anji Shah: The data analysis of examples of.

982
02:42:07.470 --> 02:42:18.570
Anji Shah: That program we created different data visualizations and principal component analysis and crosswalks which, let us see that will cleanse that were.

983
02:42:20.340 --> 02:42:28.080
Anji Shah: Higher expected rare earths and let us use certain elements to determine take our offices are what.

984
02:42:28.680 --> 02:42:38.460
Anji Shah: What appeared to correlate with our elements and the middle of the diagram see both across box and we've been able to come up with some offices.

985
02:42:38.760 --> 02:42:51.570
Anji Shah: Here all along with our notes, so these include things like not moving them that is greater than 120,000 parts per million in a higher likelihood of.

986
02:42:53.970 --> 02:43:10.110
Anji Shah: What you're going to contain you now that we have these several hypothesis how the next is we're applying it to other data sets so then West Virginia alone we have over 1000 sparkle is as.

987
02:43:11.010 --> 02:43:25.530
Anji Shah: Most of them are majors only play stones and different online reasons but we've been able to apply the same rules and policies that we have with some of these plans to that.

988
02:43:27.270 --> 02:43:34.200
Anji Shah: lets us divide our historical data sets that are more profitable for height, the high worth.

989
02:43:35.250 --> 02:43:38.160
Anji Shah: amount and for hopefully doing sampling.

990
02:43:39.240 --> 02:43:48.420
Anji Shah: Our plan is to test some of these hypotheses by our examples that seem to have a likelihood, and then to investigate my entire life.

991
02:43:49.440 --> 02:44:03.750
Anji Shah: Whether it's spatially related Boston based or whether it's related to environmental areas or certain overrides and running water, so we're going to continue this work with more samples in future.

992
02:44:05.400 --> 02:44:05.760
Anji Shah: lives.

993
02:44:15.480 --> 02:44:19.320
Anji Shah: We have any questions do you have any questions for Sarah.

994
02:44:29.190 --> 02:44:30.150
Dane VanDervoort: In the chat box.

995
02:44:38.100 --> 02:44:49.920
Anji Shah: Okay well i'm just thinking, if there are questions, since we got a little bit behind on time, I might go ahead and play the next he poster.

996
02:44:51.000 --> 02:44:53.070
Anji Shah: And that will.

997
02:44:55.230 --> 02:44:57.570
Anji Shah: get this up for you, oh.

998
02:44:59.160 --> 02:45:20.010
Anji Shah: Very cool and our next poster will be by billy laster Wendy Kelly maury skiffington marcy open and Michael Smith now, this is about the assessment of geological and geochemical factors associated with the occurrences critical minerals in Virginia.

999
02:45:21.030 --> 02:45:24.780
Anji Shah: And is that being shared right now tell me.

1000
02:45:27.570 --> 02:45:28.140
Dane VanDervoort: yeah we.

1001
02:45:28.950 --> 02:45:29.460
Dane VanDervoort: We did.

1002
02:45:30.630 --> 02:45:35.850
Anji Shah: Here we go all right, and she is doing last question.

1003
02:45:37.050 --> 02:45:49.080
Anji Shah: Oh thanks for visiting our virtual poster session, my name is William glasser i'm an economic geologists with the Virginia to optimize and all the energy division ideology and resource.

1004
02:45:49.500 --> 02:45:51.510
Anji Shah: Where the same theological survey.

1005
02:45:52.200 --> 02:46:06.060
Anji Shah: Over the next couple of minutes i'll describe work we are doing in partnership with less geological survey earth mapping resources initiative perfect MRI which is conducting the National Endowment for your domestic criminal mineral resources.

1006
02:46:06.810 --> 02:46:15.090
Anji Shah: But first I want to acknowledge the collaborators on the spot when selling or a skiffington RC ocean and Michael Smith.

1007
02:46:15.870 --> 02:46:24.810
Anji Shah: So, most of you are probably familiar with the Federal listed critical mental commodity, and many of these have in mind or explore or in beginning of the story, like.

1008
02:46:25.800 --> 02:46:40.320
Anji Shah: Mr it utilizes a classification framework is familiar to most economic to this based on minimizing systems and all the positives and this is used to help identify perspective regions called focus areas.

1009
02:46:41.220 --> 02:46:52.830
Anji Shah: We have prioritize the critical minerals in three main categories and beginning to reflect the diversity of logic trends that we see and the past exploration and development histories.

1010
02:46:53.580 --> 02:47:07.140
Anji Shah: Under high priority, we have PayPal wonder going uranium aware of elements, all of which are known resources and i've been mind or exported for very recent in a moderate category or 13 to my.

1011
02:47:08.250 --> 02:47:14.640
Anji Shah: mind in the past, some extensive but not received attention in recent years, mainly due to economic.

1012
02:47:15.690 --> 02:47:18.600
Anji Shah: And then the final unknown category of.

1013
02:47:20.130 --> 02:47:29.910
Anji Shah: Commodities have no real, significant history of buying or development in Virginia and it's the lighting settings and mineralized systems are very uncommon.

1014
02:47:30.900 --> 02:47:38.850
Anji Shah: So our approach to this project is going to analyze our focus areas in several ways, and so the first deployment, like the other set of titanium.

1015
02:47:39.300 --> 02:47:51.570
Anji Shah: In this case, we had an extensive history of mind production, a pipe that occurs in 3D no system in order types, the first primary magnetic iron oxide appetite but I always.

1016
02:47:52.260 --> 02:47:58.950
Anji Shah: type system because of Nelson I died in an office side, she got the pine river rosell district.

1017
02:47:59.850 --> 02:48:08.370
Anji Shah: And then, as a result of chemical weathering you can get redistribution residual concentrations of hype associated with the direct deposit.

1018
02:48:08.970 --> 02:48:13.650
Anji Shah: And then class or departments occurs painting classes in the sands of the western market.

1019
02:48:14.160 --> 02:48:26.880
Anji Shah: Coastal plan so in this case we're interested to know if resources remain in these areas and also what other critical commodities may be associated with these kind of systems that have been overlooked or this not economic.

1020
02:48:28.260 --> 02:48:32.280
Anji Shah: The next example I gave is it an active area, we have the classic.

1021
02:48:33.420 --> 02:48:42.720
Anji Shah: way of earth elements on the ball and, in this case, we have a history of recent production of the overnight with your mom is it cetera as having been or sands.

1022
02:48:43.170 --> 02:49:03.120
Anji Shah: And we focused here on improving geologic mapping to particularly on study graphic interest and updating legacy do physical data sets that is nearing with more modern, high resolution also collected chemical data and particularly focused on heavy metal compositions.

1023
02:49:04.380 --> 02:49:17.940
Anji Shah: Lead third example that we have is one in which we're data mining essentially legacy and activate the same databases today wait mineral system to deposit types that may not have been recognized pass and so.

1024
02:49:18.330 --> 02:49:29.580
Anji Shah: Here we've analyzed the large chemical buildings, it contains whole lot analyses and we have areas that include anomalous where they'll the concentrations this case so.

1025
02:49:29.970 --> 02:49:42.660
Anji Shah: In this case, anomalous five times the classical background competition, I mean exciting possibility this we do buy this analysis is that are are you originally from certain clothes or.

1026
02:49:43.410 --> 02:49:52.170
Anji Shah: Toys the curtain worry and the further possibility that a new mineralization system in Virginia Where are you are you.

1027
02:50:00.300 --> 02:50:03.510
Anji Shah: recognize and other places in the world, not so much in Virginia.

1028
02:50:05.640 --> 02:50:11.220
Anji Shah: For most of the important critical minerals in Virginia and I hope your website so thanks for your time.

1029
02:50:17.100 --> 02:50:19.770
Anji Shah: hey thanks and i'm not oh.

1030
02:50:21.780 --> 02:50:39.300
Anji Shah: i'm not sure yeah if this is apparently what was downloaded from the poster and let's see and it seems like we have a link that i'm going to try and display but i'm.

1031
02:50:40.440 --> 02:50:41.670
Anji Shah: not sure what.

1032
02:50:43.590 --> 02:50:48.570
Anji Shah: he hears the poster, and that is different for the video so.

1033
02:50:49.980 --> 02:50:50.760
Anji Shah: Visiting okay.

1034
02:50:53.580 --> 02:50:54.270
Anji Shah: So sorry.

1035
02:50:55.740 --> 02:50:56.160
Anji Shah: justin.

1036
02:50:57.270 --> 02:51:09.090
Anji Shah: geologists with there we go alright and let's see i'll try and share that poster in case there are all questions for.

1037
02:51:10.170 --> 02:51:10.710
Anji Shah: lily.

1038
02:51:12.480 --> 02:51:14.850
Anji Shah: You can see this very well.

1039
02:51:19.290 --> 02:51:20.760
Anji Shah: let's see.

1040
02:51:26.970 --> 02:51:34.380
Arthur Merschat: That shows the poster going soon now and as the link should be also there to see the whole poster and zoom in on GSA is website.

1041
02:51:36.810 --> 02:51:38.220
Arthur Merschat: Probably on look as well.

1042
02:51:38.910 --> 02:51:52.500
Anji Shah: Okay, so um let's see I think will will not play the video again, but just instead give folks a time a chance to look at the poster and if there are any questions.

1043
02:51:53.790 --> 02:51:54.420
Anji Shah: Please go ahead.

1044
02:51:59.850 --> 02:52:01.740
W Lassetter VA: yeah hey this is billy that.

1045
02:52:03.060 --> 02:52:05.850
W Lassetter VA: You know I spent a lot of time trying to sync that thing.

1046
02:52:08.340 --> 02:52:09.480
Anji Shah: I am sorry.

1047
02:52:10.350 --> 02:52:11.700
W Lassetter VA: that's okay that's no problem.

1048
02:52:11.880 --> 02:52:20.940
W Lassetter VA: So so basically this this was just an overview of you know what we're doing in Virginia and I use the three examples of the the one area where we have.

1049
02:52:21.660 --> 02:52:31.470
W Lassetter VA: Existing you know historic legacy mining of Nelson aight dikes and we have these titanium deposits, and so you would see the synced view of that.

1050
02:52:32.160 --> 02:52:42.630
W Lassetter VA: figure to down there and then the second example was the the falls on plaster area that we're working on now we're gathering new data new information.

1051
02:52:43.170 --> 02:52:55.950
W Lassetter VA: Plus we're going to have this new era airborne geophysics survey to work with shortly, and then the last examples where we were we're basically data mining we're looking at.

1052
02:52:56.520 --> 02:53:08.820
W Lassetter VA: A large legacy data set in this case, our rock repository geochemical database and and finding things that you know really hadn't been looked at before we were seeing where we see some.

1053
02:53:09.210 --> 02:53:18.300
W Lassetter VA: anomalous areas for in this case rare earth elements, and in particular the heavy rare earth elements suite which are very interesting so it's just a matter of.

1054
02:53:18.660 --> 02:53:29.880
W Lassetter VA: You know plugging are going to those areas and doing a bit more evaluation, the the last message that i'm trying to get across or we're trying to get across with this poster is just the the.

1055
02:53:30.360 --> 02:53:45.660
W Lassetter VA: large number of these critical mineral resources that are available in Virginia have been mined historically, you know even things like arsenic, there is a there's a historic legacy component to that.

1056
02:53:46.740 --> 02:53:55.650
W Lassetter VA: very, very small scale, but again, the economics, are all different now in this modern day and age and making these elevating these into the critical.

1057
02:53:56.490 --> 02:54:08.760
W Lassetter VA: Commodity space really is important, so we were looking forward to doing you know more analysis of all these and and we think the partnership with the usgs.

1058
02:54:13.620 --> 02:54:22.200
Nora Foley: Thanks billy that's this is Nora here that's really interesting I you know I want to look at your poster in a little more detail it's kind of small on my screen but i'm interested in the.

1059
02:54:23.130 --> 02:54:29.910
Nora Foley: The diversity of these planetoid units that you looked at, and particularly the ones that you, you found a pretty good.

1060
02:54:31.650 --> 02:54:34.740
Nora Foley: You know, pretty reasonable values of the heavy hitters.

1061
02:54:36.120 --> 02:54:51.210
Nora Foley: up to five times enrichment is very nice and now, those are in it says protozoa So these are these are metacritic racks these are shifts or the air or these nice's or were you know, can you tell me a little bit more about those.

1062
02:54:51.780 --> 02:55:05.610
W Lassetter VA: Well, you know we don't we haven't even gotten so far is to know specifically what formations or map units we're dealing with at this point we we basically, this is just a data mining exercise, where we looked at.

1063
02:55:06.090 --> 02:55:22.530
W Lassetter VA: What we've got in our whole rock GEO Kim data and some of these most of the ones that that are list are shown here on that map are in the in the blue Ridge, and I believe the stewart's ville is one of them where we've got a whole rock sample there so there's.

1064
02:55:23.820 --> 02:55:37.230
W Lassetter VA: But there's a couple of other locations over in the coastal playing you know, obviously, these are heavy mineral sand tight deposit so we've got some work to do yet yeah it's very interesting because.

1065
02:55:37.560 --> 02:55:40.140
Nora Foley: You know one thing that with these neoproterozoic.

1066
02:55:41.700 --> 02:55:56.310
Nora Foley: Granted, say intrude the bedrock thing clued is garnet bearing and, of course, you know there's rare earth elements associated with garnets and a lot of other sweets and minerals, so the others it's really interesting and there's you know lots of areas for study but very nice Thank you.

1067
02:56:09.090 --> 02:56:10.500
Anji Shah: Any more questions for billy.

1068
02:56:15.150 --> 02:56:20.940
Anji Shah: we've got one from more in the chat I think we just ask that additional questions.

1069
02:56:24.570 --> 02:56:27.060
Anji Shah: And really I really do apologize for that.

1070
02:56:28.860 --> 02:56:39.720
Anji Shah: That was a bit of a mix up, we tried, I tried downloading the videos in order to save on bandwidth so that will be better playback guess, sometimes we try a little bit too hard so.

1071
02:56:40.500 --> 02:56:45.450
W Lassetter VA: No worries just everybody can go to the site website and look at the poster if they like.

1072
02:56:48.000 --> 02:56:57.150
Anji Shah: Okay that's a nice person alright well i'm in the interest of time we'll move on to the last poster and I guess i'm just going to.

1073
02:56:57.660 --> 02:57:23.130
Anji Shah: i'll try the poster from here, and hope that the bandwidth works this next top is by Susan hall with co authors myself philosopher and duane beach and the topic is uranium focus areas for the southeastern United States identified the usgs or the project and let's see how this works.

1074
02:57:27.720 --> 02:57:31.500
Anji Shah: going to expand this, you can see the poster.

1075
02:57:35.970 --> 02:57:39.060
Anji Shah: Good morning, thank you for attending our virtual poster session.

1076
02:57:40.590 --> 02:57:42.510
Anji Shah: work that was done identifying.

1077
02:57:43.530 --> 02:57:49.110
Anji Shah: areas for the southeastern United States as part of the usgs earth MRI project.

1078
02:57:50.250 --> 02:57:58.170
Anji Shah: work was done by myself, using hall n G sharp both of us have your theological survey, we lost her with a State of Virginia and.

1079
02:57:59.310 --> 02:58:00.270
Anji Shah: North Carolina.

1080
02:58:01.980 --> 02:58:13.470
Anji Shah: Two learning mineral system of particular interest in the southeastern United States one medium that is hosted in cheers on medicine type type your deposit.

1081
02:58:13.950 --> 02:58:22.110
Anji Shah: And another rain that could be beneficial to have a byproduct of mining phosphate prefer to watch fertilizer throughout the southeast in a state.

1082
02:58:23.730 --> 02:58:39.570
Anji Shah: that's personal goodness summertime type millennium, the understandings of justify that are based on the coast hilda pilot, which is located in South central region photo is the largest online directly deposited in.

1083
02:58:40.920 --> 02:58:56.370
Anji Shah: And and understanding, because they'll have just been given an expanded, so that the State geologists were able to apply the failing and features of wholesale to identification of this one before.

1084
02:58:57.300 --> 02:59:09.150
Anji Shah: two most important features are that normalization at code know if necessary in age and its associated with certain level structures and probably with fluids.

1085
02:59:09.690 --> 02:59:19.680
Anji Shah: That were formed as part of the development of river basin to try out for parties and similar to many found one in Southeast Asia.

1086
02:59:21.180 --> 02:59:36.000
Anji Shah: As well hotels was formed was concentrating innovations concentrated in an area that had previously been shared along the book my shares on during the carboniferous.

1087
02:59:36.570 --> 02:59:48.570
Anji Shah: The importance of this Sharon is that it along strike, it not only upgraded my name within shares own, but it also transform to a new.

1088
02:59:49.620 --> 03:00:14.370
Anji Shah: Venture best reactive know that into your Labor phases that could be exploited by your mentors our Lewis, so the geologists apply these understandings to identify and reading papers area in South Virginia and mode in North Carolina over which they propose that a physical survey one.

1089
03:00:16.200 --> 03:00:32.280
Anji Shah: Physical server would allow better understanding of structured throughout the region, as well as test for additional learning, you know vacation because they are with surveys would be ideal sorry what part of this geopolitical service.

1090
03:00:33.870 --> 03:00:51.870
Anji Shah: offerings to physical servers that have been flown in 1970s, as part of the Uri program run by the Department of Energy at five to 10 kilometer fights and things are far too far to pick up the features that were interested in looking at his engine.

1091
03:00:52.950 --> 03:00:53.340
Anji Shah: And then.

1092
03:00:55.230 --> 03:01:01.080
Anji Shah: In Boston the positive and the magnitude of his potential users is.

1093
03:01:02.310 --> 03:01:14.970
Anji Shah: quite significant, if you did the exercise of looking at phosphate mining volume in 2018 and applying an average concentration of prostate.

1094
03:01:15.330 --> 03:01:27.330
Anji Shah: To destiny our production during that year, you could produce between six and 20% of the winning deals in that to your us reactors during that same year.

1095
03:01:28.620 --> 03:01:32.490
Anji Shah: So you know this, this is a potential large potential to our second it.

1096
03:01:33.720 --> 03:01:53.220
Anji Shah: could contribute significantly to ourselves as part of a geophysical survey in South Carolina for another critical you know commodity anti Shah was able to identify automatic starter that roughly correspond with our focus areas.

1097
03:01:54.450 --> 03:02:04.200
Anji Shah: The strata was exposed by the removal of overburdened by national processes such as long as a district river, as well as past mining.

1098
03:02:04.920 --> 03:02:25.800
Anji Shah: phosphate mining that you did get the patients on a river Ashley river, as well as Clinton mining and submit mines that were developed in region this information could be important to identify areas that were more accessible to practice to learn English phosphate mining.

1099
03:02:27.030 --> 03:02:31.200
Anji Shah: And are helpful contribution to the identification of.

1100
03:02:39.660 --> 03:02:41.730
Anji Shah: can do we have any questions for Susan.

1101
03:02:43.740 --> 03:02:45.870
Anji Shah: or for any of the other speakers.

1102
03:02:48.960 --> 03:02:51.210
Anji Shah: I think my chats from a little bit slow so.

1103
03:02:53.790 --> 03:02:56.610
Nora Foley: I have one in the chat box that I can ask Susan.

1104
03:02:58.410 --> 03:03:04.620
What techniques, did you use to date the status of uranium mineralization I think that was part of your 2019 paper.

1105
03:03:06.330 --> 03:03:07.620
susanhall: Right, can you hear me okay.

1106
03:03:09.480 --> 03:03:10.110
susanhall: i'm.

1107
03:03:11.160 --> 03:03:18.390
susanhall: A number of techniques, but most effective were uranium lead dating well, we did whole rock uranium lead.

1108
03:03:20.310 --> 03:03:26.070
susanhall: And rubidium strontium we also did nc to dating of Title nine and.

1109
03:03:27.390 --> 03:03:35.640
susanhall: Zero con as well, so no just a tight nights are not zircons not related to monetization and that's what we used to date mineralization.

1110
03:03:36.840 --> 03:03:38.970
susanhall: Oh sorry i'm sorry appetite as well.

1111
03:03:42.090 --> 03:03:45.990
Nora Foley: With that insert your dating did you use shrimp or did you use laser ablation are.

1112
03:03:48.330 --> 03:03:49.920
susanhall: named mark did it and he used.

1113
03:03:51.900 --> 03:03:52.530
susanhall: yeah.

1114
03:03:52.650 --> 03:03:55.200
Nora Foley: They in it, so he probably did it, it was likely a laser.

1115
03:03:55.590 --> 03:03:57.090
susanhall: or yes right Thank you.

1116
03:04:10.860 --> 03:04:15.870
Anji Shah: i'll see if there is Maya chat is running a little bit slow so, are there any more questions.

1117
03:04:17.280 --> 03:04:24.390
Anji Shah: From for any of the speakers that we've had in the session listen we'd love to hear from you.

1118
03:04:37.980 --> 03:04:44.550
Anji Shah: Okay um, so I think are we ready to wrap up the session for the afternoon done.

1119
03:04:45.570 --> 03:04:46.350
Anji Shah: For the morning.

1120
03:04:50.280 --> 03:04:52.140
Arthur Merschat: yeah I guess if there's if there's any other.

1121
03:04:56.220 --> 03:04:56.670
Arthur Merschat: yeah I guess it.

1122
03:05:00.360 --> 03:05:08.250
Arthur Merschat: Just seemed like if there's no further questions where we have we do have leisure time for anyone else during your chest, but there were questions.

1123
03:05:09.870 --> 03:05:11.880
Arthur Merschat: I guess it may be time to wrap up.

1124
03:05:18.270 --> 03:05:18.870
Nora Foley: Well, you know.

1125
03:05:19.500 --> 03:05:20.820
Arthur Merschat: Any concluding thoughts.

1126
03:05:21.750 --> 03:05:36.180
Nora Foley: i've got one or two, but I just wanted to tell people that you know this session is is, of course, being recorded but questions in the chat box, that will not be included in the recording So if you come up with any additional questions that you're thinking about as you.

1127
03:05:36.210 --> 03:05:38.250
Dane VanDervoort: As you, you know review what we've seen today.

1128
03:05:38.610 --> 03:05:49.140
Nora Foley: You know, feel free to contact the speakers, I know I always like to hear from someone and i'm sure that everyone else here will as well you know this was really a pretty cool.

1129
03:05:50.580 --> 03:05:53.220
Nora Foley: it's I think this is really pretty much the first.

1130
03:05:54.450 --> 03:06:07.350
Nora Foley: Out of the first GSA presentation, the session that we've had that's really presented some of the the than the new types of data that have been funded and just the last two years in in the.

1131
03:06:08.190 --> 03:06:11.550
Nora Foley: earth MRI program you know it's funded through the state so.

1132
03:06:12.300 --> 03:06:19.770
Nora Foley: it's really I think you know I you know I hope to see this as something that happens in future future years, and we get more involvement.

1133
03:06:20.190 --> 03:06:30.480
Nora Foley: And particularly as those really incredible data sets start coming out like the you know the overdue overview that Jane gave but you know when you look at it at a smaller.

1134
03:06:30.930 --> 03:06:35.370
Nora Foley: level that you know really meets you know dresses what we're looking at in the eastern us.

1135
03:06:36.150 --> 03:06:45.090
Nora Foley: The maps that angie showed, you know are fantastic, and I know everybody's waiting for those data sets to come out and we also had you know the the.

1136
03:06:45.720 --> 03:06:49.620
Nora Foley: overview from Alabama which was you know really nice to see.

1137
03:06:50.490 --> 03:07:02.040
Nora Foley: what's coming online, and you know you know, I was really glad that Dan did that, because i've had a little bit of conversation with him and also with some of the people in Maryland with what's coming out of the rare earth elements regular.

1138
03:07:02.550 --> 03:07:10.860
Nora Foley: Work but what's really exciting is that these are really new bits of information and they're just coming online, and you know, in the next.

1139
03:07:11.430 --> 03:07:22.350
Nora Foley: Year two or three years, as we get past coven it back into the field and get back into the lab things I think will really speed up and it's it really will see this.

1140
03:07:23.370 --> 03:07:31.440
Nora Foley: This cooperative work between the usgs and all the States really come to fruition, so you know that's really what you know we're looking forward to so.

1141
03:07:31.800 --> 03:07:48.210
Nora Foley: You know I you know I know Arthur and everybody else's we really want to thank everyone who's participated in this first try under you know you know I will, if we had zoom training, but in the usgs we don't use zoom so none of us know how it's been a quick learning curve.

1142
03:07:49.380 --> 03:07:54.180
Nora Foley: But anyways Thank you all for participating and angie do you want to say if you're.

1143
03:07:55.530 --> 03:08:05.400
Anji Shah: just another comment yeah for someone to think, especially the state groups on the State servings it's really great to hear this, and no we're just at the beginning phases and it's been.

1144
03:08:05.940 --> 03:08:14.520
Anji Shah: almost impossible to do field work and it just so wonderful to hear that some results, and I also wanted to extend a thank you.

1145
03:08:15.090 --> 03:08:27.930
Anji Shah: To several of our speakers who are not directly involved in Europe, and my program for presenting some very interesting work that really helps to give us a perspective on the type of work that for them is doing.

1146
03:08:28.680 --> 03:08:41.220
Anji Shah: I really enjoyed learning about about the regions in Georgia in China as well, so now and then again just to ECHO one more sentence wonderful things and do hope it continues.

1147
03:08:43.830 --> 03:08:47.400
Dane VanDervoort: Okay, I just want to say thank you to angie Arthur and Nora for.

1148
03:08:48.600 --> 03:08:53.880
Dane VanDervoort: taking the lead on this session and and doing all the introductions and everything like that yeah.

1149
03:08:55.230 --> 03:09:00.690
Dane VanDervoort: it's great I think is very informative and we learned a lot, so thank you guys.

1150
03:09:02.430 --> 03:09:09.930
Nora Foley: Great so thank you all I don't know when the next combine ne se session is coming up from Arthur you might know because you're pretty.

1151
03:09:10.560 --> 03:09:12.480
Arthur Merschat: I do know here is.

1152
03:09:14.040 --> 03:09:18.000
Arthur Merschat: it's may have rest in 2.0 in 2023.

1153
03:09:18.570 --> 03:09:20.370
Arthur Merschat: yeah so it was a.

1154
03:09:22.740 --> 03:09:30.960
Arthur Merschat: Back on the writer and happily ever have you ever get it back together, you know right now rest in 2.0 So hopefully it'll be bigger stronger faster.

1155
03:09:31.830 --> 03:09:38.460
Arthur Merschat: So there's there's a lot more to build on this isn't what I said in real said there's a lot of excitement everything's going on with area.

1156
03:09:39.030 --> 03:09:50.490
Arthur Merschat: In earth MRI collaboration usgs state surveys and just raw beginning back doing research so it's gonna be very exciting and I think I believe i'll be a great time for us get back together.

1157
03:09:51.450 --> 03:09:56.220
Arthur Merschat: With the boat, you know North East and southeast to get it really look at everything going on new words so.

1158
03:09:57.060 --> 03:09:59.010
Nora Foley: Great is even online.

1159
03:10:00.660 --> 03:10:01.800
Ian: I am yes.

1160
03:10:02.580 --> 03:10:11.970
Nora Foley: I want to say that I very much enjoyed your talk it was taking taking a little bit out of the box, but you know, in the eastern United States, particularly the southeast we have a huge active.

1161
03:10:13.230 --> 03:10:22.710
Nora Foley: pottery clay industry, which is also interested in all kinds of glaze and and stuff so I really enjoyed your talk and thank you for you know stretching i'm thinking.

1162
03:10:23.760 --> 03:10:24.810
Ian: yeah Thank you so much.

1163
03:10:28.890 --> 03:10:26.000
Nora Foley: All right, so with that we conclude this session.