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Jeremy Owens (he/him): Well, well welcome, we appreciate everybody showing up and the speakers before giving talks and agreeing to do this, so this is a se GSA and.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): The convenience we've really excited to have this we've been kind of doing a similar session in the last few years, and so it's it's great to get to know.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): Those that are doing, you know somewhat similar work in the region and, hopefully, will continue to grow this and and get people excited on these topics, and so the.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): title of our session today it is.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): reconstructing ancient environmental conditions and as you'll notice from a range of topics there's.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): sort of more modern aspects and also going into deep time and that's really an aspect that I think all of us.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): and, hopefully, all of you really enjoy it's being able to take aspects from more modern or more recent and try to extrapolate some of the deep time impacts as well in a range of of mythologies and.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): methods and techniques and so hopefully we can learn from each other and aspects that you may not be as familiar.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): So there's a couple of things that we probably should make sure we're all where it talks or 20 minutes in the session will go until 12.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): I think we have seven seven talks right and in one poster as well, and so the talks are 20 minutes sessions are time slots, and so we will be showing.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): Some colors so red at 17 minutes yellow at 15 minutes Just to give you a warning, but you should also probably keep track of this on your own timer as well as what they told us and i'm in case you maybe can't see us or or don't see.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): The the cards of the colors here so used to keep it on track.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): The other thing is questions, which is always difficult in in zoom, as we all know, we've gotten used to this, unfortunately, in the last year.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): Although I would say, at least my perspective is i'm certainly not perfect in it still at this moment.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): But there's a number of ways, you can ask questions you can certainly raise your hand.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): Through the participation aspect or you can also type in the chat and we'll ask questions from there, if you want to ask your question in the chat that's fine, but you can also just say, I have a question and then unmute yourself and and speak on that that front as well.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): So we're in two different ways to ask, but we were happy to have those and as the code of conduct in GSA now, I think we should be really cognizant of being respectful and mindful of others and asking you know solid questions that are in.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): In that range of the research and and being mindful of others backgrounds so which I don't presume will have any problems with, but I just wanted to remind everybody on that front.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): Anything else to cover.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): I miss anything.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): Right, yes I think that's that's all of it so yeah we're looking forward to to this session, and hopefully everybody else's as well, oh so there's there's one one thing that there's a slight change in the schedule, so we, we have a break after I think before speaker currently.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): But zach who's on here as a has been.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): You know i'm sure, like many of us are expecting or hoping to get a vaccine apparently you got got one and it sort of conflicts with this time schedule in terms of driving so we're going to move his talk.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): into where the break is in the break we'll follow his talk so it will be no no difference in terms of overall time schedule.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): we're just going to change his talk moving it forward into the break into break afterwards so just a heads up and hopefully we can stick around and and see that alright so without.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): further ado on that front, we will.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): have our first speaker, you can start working on sharing my screen and.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): Sorry for technical technical problem already on my side is our first speaker is Charles so Barbara.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): And this is on carbonate cyclists city in correlative middle and outer Shell sections of.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): demichelis chalk in the eastern Gulf coast plane us services.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): within the region and so giving evidence for climate driven classic dilution organic productivity cycles segmentation rates and implications for organic matter accumulation so.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): Without further ado, we will start with maybe one minute really hearing we can we can maybe stay on schedule that way so take it away Charles.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Alright, thanks I tried to make the title little bit longer for you, but that to work.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Thank you, Jeremy and thanks all of you for convening the session and good morning to everyone, our talk today focuses on comparative analysis of middle and outer shelf sections of the rhythmically bedded upper cretaceous topless chalk of the eastern Gulf coastal plain.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: First, will attempt to show two things, one that parts of the two sections can be correlated on a bed for bed basis, based on detailed carbon a time series.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: And that differences in section thicknesses and carbonates cycle amplitude between the sites, combined with organic carbon and carbonate carbon isotopic data provide evidence for Paleo oceanographic mechanisms responsible for cyclists at.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Specifically, we will show hopefully that carbonate rhythms likely reflect my lenkiewicz driven combined classic dilution organic productivity cycles.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Second, using the prevalent signal of Axial procession recorded by the decimal meter scale carbonates cycles, we estimate differences in relative and absolute segmentation rates for classics and organic matter between the two sites.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: The campaigning and democracy chalk part of the upper cretaceous soma group crops out in an archive that built across Western Alabama in northeast Mississippi.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: grades laterally and to solicit classic shallow marine faces in eastern Alabama northeast Mississippi and into Tennessee these lateral faces changes reflect the oblique orientation of the outcrop belt relative to a Northwest southeast step positional strike.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: In this study we compare an 86 meter thick middle shelf section recovered in what we refer to as the ap core with a 43 meter thick more distal outer shelf core recovered south of demand, plus dmc core.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: carbonate analyses were performed on all samples collected at four centimeter intervals throughout both course.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Organic carbon analyses also were performed on old core ap samples, but only on a three meter interval interval of core MC carbonate isotope analyses were limited to an interval of the ap quarter.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: The resulting carbon acres for the two cores are shown here.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Note that the carbonate contents are overall lower in the ap core this interval is dominated by milestones, whereas the upper outer the outer shelf MC core is dominated by marley talks and talks.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: also note that, for both course carbonate curves reflect cycles of various frequencies and amplitude.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: four to five deaths of meters, excuse me, four to five deaths a meter scale cycles appear to be bundled into meter scale higher amplitude cycles that, in turn, appear to be bundled into even higher amplitude deca meter scale cycles, this is more clearly seen in the blow up image see.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Based on previous studies by Warren and smarter and more recently by o'connor and others the desk meter cycles likely record the influence of the approximately 20,000 year Axial procession cycle.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Higher frequency variations reflect the mediating effects of the approximately 100 and approximately 400,000 year cycles of orbital SN tricity.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: In our next step we sought to establish a correlation between the two cores by comparing carbonate records.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: To eliminate noise, the ap and MC corps records were smooth using an eight point moving average the MC record was compared with the upper part of the ap record adjusting for vertical scale to establish strata graphic equivalents at the betting scale.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: is shown here the record for the MC core compares favorably with that of the upper part of the ap core a strong match and carbonate curves.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: occurs between the 49 to 80 meter interval of the ap poor and the seven to 32 meter intervals, they him seek or Consequently, these intervals are considered to relative.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Note that the equivalent interval and the ap course sticker approximately 31 meters than that in the MC core approximately 25 meters.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: And that carbon it contents are consistently lower in the ap core and the equivalent interval carbon a con contents average 67 and 84% in the correlated interval of core ap and core MC respectively.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: These observations indicate that overall net sedimentation rates were higher at the ap site, as would be expected for a more proximal middle shelf site receiving a higher flux of classic sediment.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: More important, the differences in carbonate contents of correlated troughs averaging 19% are generally higher than those between correlated carbonate peaks averaging 12%.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: The latter observation supports earlier interpretations that the carbonate rhythms of the democracy chalk or classic dilution cycles reflecting periodic variations in the flux of classic mode to the shelf.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: As would be expected classic sediment input elevated during periods of increased precipitation and run off or higher storm frequencies was significantly higher at the more proximal inner shelf ap site.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: let's now look at the relationships between carbonate in organic carbon.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: As shown here in the cross plot of data for both corners and the time series for the ap core to see various inversely, with carbonate content.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: In the context of dilution cycles, this relationship could be explained by concomitant cycles and bottom water oxygenation and their influence on organic preservation.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: By changes in the flux of terrestrial organics by changes and sedimentation rates and their impact on organic preservation or concentration or by variations and marine organic production.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: For the DEMO topless chalk, the first two of these can be excluded the verse sick no fossil assemblages our uniform throughout suggesting persistently well oxygenated bottom waters during the monopolist deposition.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Moreover, previous Palin illogic studies of MC core sediments by Warren and myself revealed most significant relationships between carbonate content and the type of organic matter.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Both chalks and morals are overwhelmingly dominated by unstructured or amorphous organic matter a probable marine origin.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: The remaining two mechanisms cannot be excluded and could have operated in concert.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: during periods of higher classic and overall sedimentation rates organic matter accumulation may have been enhanced, to reduce residence time in the benthic boundary layer

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savrdce@auburn.edu: In addition, periods of increased classic influx may have been associated with increased organic production above the demonic let's show.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: This mechanism is supported by stabilise a topic analyses performed on both carbonate samples from the ap core.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: A scene here adult to see 13 values generally very inversely, with carbonate content positive carbonate delta see 13 excursions associated with relatively classic rich intervals.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: likely reflect increased organic production and consequent preferential removal of from surface waters higher organic productivity manifest in the elevated to seek contents of classic rich inner bids.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: was likely linked to increase run off and higher riverine nutrient flux and is that's consistent with classic dilution as the primary mechanism for the marvelous carbonates cyclist.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Hence, we can conclude that the dumb up with cycles are combined classic dilution organic productivity cycles reflecting cyclic variations in the river in flux and both classic to try this and nutrient rich waters.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: As previously noted.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: So sedimentation rates were expectantly higher and lower shoreline proximal inertial site, excuse me.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: But, to what extent relative sedimentation rates were estimated based on comparison of the corrosive intervals of the ap and MC cores.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Based on interval thicknesses and mean carbonate contents the relative intervals of ap and MC course comprise roughly the same amount of carbon eight approximately 20 meters.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Contrast plastic components contributed approximately 10 and approximately four meters to the ap in MC sections, respectively, indicating the classic clean accumulation rates were nearly two and a half times higher at the more proximal inertial site.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: What about absolute accumulation rates carbonates plastics, we estimated these using the 20,000 year Axial procession cycle as a chronometer.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Based on counts derived from the carbonate curves the current correlated interval of the carbonate records contain approximately 40 decimate or scale so like.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: If each corresponds to the approximately 20,000 year procession cycle, the correlated interval represents approximately 800,000 years.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: And estimated sedimentary segmentation rates for the 31 meter thick ap interval and the 25 meter thick MC intervals are approximately 3.9 and approximately 3.2 centimeters per thousand years respectively.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Assuming that carbonate variations are mainly due to dilution, that is, carbon a production rate was essentially constant at both sites.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Absolute rates of carbonated classic segmentation can be estimated carbonate would have accumulated at similar rates for both sites approximately 2.6 centimeters per thousand years.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: However, the average classic accumulation rate at the more proximal ap site was approximately 2.4 times higher than at the more distal him see site.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: What about organic accumulation rates.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: We have taken two approaches to this question, the first involves comparison of the relative.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Car organic carbon curves for a short.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Three meter interval both cores here mean accumulation rates of organic matter in the correlative intervals can be inferred from estimated.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Total sedimentation rate, excuse me.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: mean carbonate contents of the correlated intervals of the MC and empirical.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: are approximately 79 and 66% respectively assuming more or less constant carbonate accumulation rates of 2.6 centimeters per thousand years for the MC and ap course.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: mean classic accumulation and total accumulation rates can be estimated for the correlated intervals calculated calculated rate shown here indicate the classic and a total accumulation rates were approximately 1.8 approximately 1.1515 times higher at the ap site for the short interval.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Based on the estimated total accumulation rates and meet mean T to see contents mean organic accumulation rates for the correlated intervals of dmc and ap course.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: were approximately 0.22 and 0.3 millimeters per thousand years respectively, that is the main organic accumulation rate was roughly five and a half times higher at the more proximal ap site.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Again this likely reflects enhanced organic preservation related to higher overall sedimentation rates and higher organic production at the ap site.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: or second approach involve modeling of the more real robust ap core data set.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Assuming that range of carbonate accumulation at ap site remain constant at approximately 2.6 centimeters per thousand years classic and organic emulation rates were calculated for all sample intervals of ap core.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Organic carbon accumulation rates derived in this way range from 0.1 to 1.1 millimeter per thousand years and, as seen in chart a positively correlate with calculated classic accumulation rates which vary from 0.5 to 7.7 centimeters per thousand years.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: To see content similarly increase with classic accumulation rates within the range of 0.5 to approximately three centimeters per thousand years.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: However, is classic flux rates increase beyond approximately three centimeters per thousand years, reflected by particularly classic rich intervals, to see contents level out and appear to decrease slightly, as seen in be.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: A ladder trim may reflect threshold levels of classic influx of blood and bullets organic matters diluted.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: That is, although organic production or preservation continued to increase these mechanisms were unable to keep pace with heightened classic influx.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Notably, this classic influx threshold corresponds to a threshold of approximately five to six centimeters per thousand years, with respect to total sedimentation rates, as seen in plot see.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Such threshold sedimentation rates may prove to be important and understanding the organic contents and hydrocarbon source potential other more petroglyphs talk morrow successions.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: summarize the Dome office chalk is characterized by decimate your scale carbonate rhythms that reflect a positional cycles linked to the approximately 20,000 year Axial procession cycle and that may allow regional bedding scale correlation.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: variability carbonate records between correlative intervals of classic rich middle and classic poor outer Shell sections alone with organic carbon carbon carbon isotopic data.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: demonstrate that the monopolist deposition rhythms mainly record climate control variations in the riverine influx of both classic sediments and nutrient rich waters, therefore, they are best identified as combined classic dilution organic productivity cycles.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Based on the procession cycle jewel chronometer and assuming constant carbonate production rates total classic and organic accumulation rates for the middle shelf or on average 1.2 2.4 and 1.5 times higher than at the outer shelf site.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Finally, organic accumulation rates increase progressively with classic accumulation rates reflecting concomitant increases in productivity and burial related preservation.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: However, to see contents leveled off or decreased due to dilution when classic and total accumulation rates reached threshold levels of approximately three and six centimeters per thousand years respectively, and thank you all for listening.

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Cole Edwards: Thank you very much, Charles as a great talk.

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Cole Edwards: So I guess.

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Cole Edwards: We have some few minutes here for a question or two if anyone wants to either speak up or put it in the chat.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Right chuck.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Do you find any charcoal in this chocolate, I know, occasionally driftwood is found fossilized in the.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: us.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Our analysis of these cores mainly were based on small volume samples drill that of the course, the only real good shark allies material I don't even know what charcoal its leg notarized.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: pieces of wood sometimes bored by ship worms and mainly i've seen that in the in the quarry out at the marvelous but really haven't spent a lot of time looking for it, so it doesn't take.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Oh, I was asking because James lamb this study, as he had unpublished about.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: in which he found a surprising amount of of charcoal I mean charcoal burned would in quotation sediments but I don't know what he found if anything is a democracy.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Apparently, this was a time when there was unusual amount of of burning forest some land.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: But with your sedimentation rates so low it's surprising anything organic and survived at all.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Now Andy when you said, the time of a lot of fires you mean the cretaceous in general, where do you mean the campaign and during the marvelous deposition.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Oh.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: I forgotten.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: It would be.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Something in our in our upper cretaceous through time he was trying to establish with the Paleo ecology of that the.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Paleo environments, that the dinosaurs were live living in of course he's a dinosaur paleontologist primarily, but he got.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Quite involved in the in the plant remains.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: And was actually identifying the different plant general based on the charcoal.

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wow.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Well, thank you for your question.

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Cole Edwards: yeah Thank you um so in the interest of time, I think, Andrew if you'd like to share your screen.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Oh well, thank you.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Georgia talk chuck.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: yeah pretty close to home here in livingston.

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Cole Edwards: So next up our speaker is.

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Cole Edwards: Andrew rensburg.

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Cole Edwards: Yes, University of West Alabama.

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Cole Edwards: And so Andrews talk is titled technology growth and change in trace fossils Nice and short and sweet so take it away.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Well, let me middle of the screen of it, thank you.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Well, if the topic is about acknowledging, you know technology is the study of trace fossils ignagni as a new word that's come up for an old concept.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: It has relates to how trace fossils change as they get older rather how animals change their traces as they get older.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: And it's a topic i've been thinking about for some time here the angel is thinking about form 500 years ago yeah well we're still thinking about form acknowledge and he was formally defined by design by last degree if i'm mangling is the pronunciation of course.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: And he has a very elaborate definition, but I can tell you that it boils down to acknowledge a meaning changes.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: In burrows tracks trails and so on, through the lifetime of the animals that make them analogous to the idea of ontogeny.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: So.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: it's not actually that new and idea is it.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: We know that ontogeny has been studied, for a long time, here we have the classic work by darcy Thompson.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: where he was showing, for instance, that if you allow an ordinary fished to grow more faster at the tail region that at the head region.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Then you can end up with quite a different kind of fish, so this is 1917 so he did not understand the genetics involved of this, but he did understand the mournful metrics involved, and of course the EVO devo people have taken this ball and run with it for ontogeny so the earliest.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Formal study I can find of this today, it was from the year I was born 1953 where Richard swan law was working on the triassic Jurassic dinosaur footprints of Connecticut valley in New England.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: And he was doing much the same thing, and he found that he could recognize where species had been split too much where someone had named a small version of a footprint.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: A different species or even genus from a large one simply based on the size and he studied the proportions this way.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Using these grid charts to figure them out, so this is an herb ignagni study.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: And it's pretty simple idea.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: If you see two sets of footprints and one of them's large and small, they both look alike, you can be fairly sure that they were made by the same kind of animal.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Even if one of them is an adult and the other one is the child.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: So if.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: If the child's footprints had been found by themselves, one might suspect that one had a dwarf hominid.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Maybe a different species or even genius but finding together, it makes it a no brainer so we do have to use our heads with this.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: So.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: In taxonomy naming trace fossils generally we have this this precept that size doesn't matter.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: But common sense does tell us the size does matter sometimes so in it no species has form doesn't change with growth and actually and trace makers as form doesn't change with growth.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: We can expect that size really won't matter that much but where the form of the animal changes with growth, so that the borough may have to accommodate a change your form.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: resting trace will change, where the animal has distinct growth stages that goes through, like a caterpillar into a butterfly.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: or in species that mold like trilobites weren't species that suddenly start growing quickly or stop growing very quickly we're going to have conundrums that may lead us to.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: name these later they're trace fossils differently, we even have species that stop one form of behavior and start another.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: One stage of life to another even recognizing that they're made by the same animal can be difficult, under these circumstances so for most of this talk i'm not going to do.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: i'm not going to give you hard and fast rules about how to do things i'm going to present you with more with problems and observations to let you think about them on your own.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: So here is a simple case simple drill home.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: often made by gastropods in seashells and here we have some micro mollusks So these are actually pretty small, we find the same kind of drill hole and quite large mollusks quite large drill holes, but we also find them in form and it for a.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: very small size, but we call them all the same thing, because we can't recognize any difference in in the form so.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: And then, because they're interdimensional there are drill holes of all sizes, so no difference give it all the same name.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: In some cases, we do find differences and behavior this is from the Mississippi and heart soul sandstone of North Alabama and scale is in centimeters.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: And every one of these little Johnson tittles is a bivalve resting traces is lucky a.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Large lock here are isolated you never find them to more than one per slab.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: And the same outcrop.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: And so i've concluded that what we're looking at it by about nursery we're looking at the resting traces of young buy a house, in all likelihood, particularly since they seem to have been in an environment.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Where such an interest nurseries are known to occur.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Okay, we can see the same kind of thing so more of a conundrum sorry in in in the feeding borough, this is a map view and these two are actually have approximately the same.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Bird with their just drawn a different scales.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Well, when the borough gets his first started by the animal it probes out in different directions it's mining sediment but where it reaches another previous borough it stops, this is a feature called photo taxes.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Fear of touching as it work and, as the animal proceeds to mine out more and more sediment it ends up touching itself more before but it doesn't tend to cross over its own birth.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: So you have the same processes and the same instructions in the brain of the worm that made this, but the fact is, you know you can easily end up looking at the saying oh they're obviously different because they look different this one's denser.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Much and this one does much sparser and they actually were named differently when back in the 19th century, when they thought they were plans.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Today they're all given the same name because we're looking instead of the overall morphology we're looking at behavior we're supposed to be naming behavior when we name it attacks not overall form but it's often difficult to forget this.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Now doll sigh locker was great at showing examples of this, this is redrawn from my locker by the wonderful artists Richard wrongly.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Both of them now gone i'm afraid i'd like to show you this middle one here, which is our classic U shaped borough as the arrow starts it's fairly shallow and as the animal grows larger it extends or a downward and it leaves a sort of trace behind it.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: shows the story.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: So.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: This model, however, it does show the animal lengthening its burrow but it doesn't show it widening it's borough and this actually does can be seen in some cases, here is a u shaped borough with a link called a Sprite or web in between.

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This is.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Where the borough first started and unconformity and dug into the firm ground.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: And at that time the animal probably didn't have such wide burrows going in probably they're pretty narrow and they just looked around like this.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Later on, it widen the borough and lengthen the borough and you can see it's also ending up here with service pouch shape, so the final borough is quite long and has been uniformly widened throughout.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: You can see the scratches left on the inside of the borough by this are boring vern ground.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: By probably an Arthur five.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: So we need to pay attention to the proportions and not make assumptions about what things ought to look like, but how they actually do look.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: So Richard Bromley was good at this he wrote a series of papers on sponge borings and in them, he paid very careful attention to how sponge changes its behavior through time, so this diagram of the next.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Show on the left, how the sponge begins its burrows as a rather 10 tackler shape of boring, and then, as time goes on, shown here in the middle it widens out certain chambers and then the Chamber is pretty much takeover and there's not much of the 10 tackler part left.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: So this.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: could be a conundrum if we saw an example of a mature sponge whoring we might not make the connection between it and the immature sponge boring, because we have many samples that show.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Show both of these forms connected together interconnection helps us to recognize their growth pattern, just as we saw the growth pattern with the with the adult and child prominent footprints.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Without this clue we'd be in trouble and we'd be in particular trouble with this species.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Where the 10 tackler part ends, to get obliterated as an enormous Chamber is produced inside.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Inside the substrate although you can still see a tackler parts deleting edge of this Chamber, so we so if we looked again if we looked at the overall form of this this great fruit like.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: boring, we might be tempted to give it a different name from this micro boring over here, and yet.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: If we did so we would exaggerate the the the apparent diversity of that community that we're studying we'd be getting away from the truth, so what we need to do again is look at processes and look at and think in terms of behavior think like a sponge.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: And they would capacity Merkel and I have called this kind of signature.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: The bio print, we did not invent the word we.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: borrowed it from face recognition technology other people have called this signature or have referred to the individual elements of bio print as bio glyphs the terminology hasn't quite settled out yet.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: So, looking at these behavioral changes they can be slow, as for instance the digging downward of this U shaped borough or even the widening portion of it, or they can be relatively abrupt.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: As in adding.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: These side, chambers of unknown we don't know the makers and we don't know why they made them but there's a lot of them in the order.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: For trial by traces we get into particular problems and opportunities, because trial by traces tend to be highly detailed and more details that you can get out of an object that you're studying more information.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: So.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: off site locker actually was able to get enough information out of paleozoic travel by train and resting and feeding traces crusey ana's and reason I guess.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: To.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: To show that they were different from one period to the next doing hypnosis photography out of them.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: But Barry and any the classic paper is from 1970 it's quite a long one, and it's been cited ever since and people tend to overlook one sentence buried in this paper.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: where he warns people not to use the smallest crusey ana's for this kind of strip strata graphic work because they don't show enough detail to be able to distinguish.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: This to distinguish them well enough well there are good reasons for that now, one reason is that trial bites go through malts and they end distinct growth stages one vote will go to the next, and it will actually add segments so it's actually adding legs.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: The first few stages are quite different from the later ones.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: And the resting traces of these juveniles and adults are going to be different.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Another reason is that well to a tiny trial abide the same grade is going to feel like a boulder its behavior may actually be different, they may not be burling in the sediment in the same way that the adults do.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Or, whereas these bivalves are.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: So imagine.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Imagine with human beings how remember if you, if you will, when you were three or five or seven years old and how what chair could be.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Your behavior change to through time, so a great example of this done by Tony Martin and I for a study on was a study on the horseshoe crabs on Georgia coast, and here we have a juvenile horseshoe crabs digging in and.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: allowed to continue, they make these long ribbon like.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: beaded.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: traces which look a lot like Mary is from the best record and we pointed this out.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: We use this as an analog to say, well, Mary it might have been made by arthropods not the words that they look like.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: But that's beside the point.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: later on in life.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: The juvenile stop plowing through the settlement like this, and instead.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: They walk over it, and as far as I know, they go from one behavior to the other without any kind of transition, so you can in the fossil record.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Those what might have been called nary ids juvenile stage.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: abruptly goes over to.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: These walking traces distinct.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: distinct imprints of of different legs and even fingers on the legs.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Oh.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Well, so they're going to be other problems that are going to stick with us, with time, they have no idea what makes oh five because and we don't have any idea why this particular So if I decided to send out fingers your time.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: You have more opportunities in it with insects and in most areas, here we have the mama borough where the mom of beetle laid eggs and would.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: One egg at a time and patches out and drills out into the world on its own and increases diameter, as it goes, we should be able to figure this out and fossil examples.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: We should even be able to figure out what answer doing but we better have a complete.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: example if the APP versus look like this up above and down and look like that down below remember we're going to have to look at process.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: we're going to have to look at these individual lily pads and or fungus chambers and the master burrows to figure it out.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Likewise, with Arthur upon burrows such as fiddler crabs goes crabs and Mars crabs shown here Mars crab.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: They had to start somewhere in fact the end they start out making I shaped burners that should they change into J shape burrows the change into U shaped burrows and then w shapers as they add another loop, and if you keep adding enough loops.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: The end up with a complex like this you're going to have to look at the individual elements of some complex like this, and not just say Okay, this is defined as a complex borough.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: We were going to have to say this is defined as the result of processes of looping burrows that are are made one, at a time.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: it's going to require changing a lot of seeds of the general if we're going to get this right, think like a Mars crab okay So in conclusion should we if we find out that all the true.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Should we name all the traces that single kind of animal banks with the same trace possible name.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: Well, no, we shouldn't because the behavior can be so wildly different, as in the case of the horseshoe crabs that it actually obscures the behavior.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: But if they're doing the same thing and we can prove it like interconnections and gradations, then we should really think about doing that.

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Rindsberg, Andrew: And in any case, we should always look harder we shouldn't just say oh that's a skill lift those and then stop looking at it, we need to look and get all the information that we can out of a trace.

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Benjamin Gill (he/him): All right, thank you, Andrew.

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Benjamin Gill (he/him): I think, in the interest of time, we need to move on to the next talk um so thank you thanks for the thanks for the talk.

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Benjamin Gill (he/him): Matthew do you wanna share your screen.

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Matthew Waters: yeah.

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See.

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Matthew Waters: how's that everybody.

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Matthew Waters: That good.

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Benjamin Gill (he/him): yeah.

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Matthew Waters: awesome cool.

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Benjamin Gill (he/him): All right, well let's talk about our future is gonna be Matthew walters waters and he's presenting toxic algae bloom algal blooms coincide with my occupation occupation of the Guatemala highlands.

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Benjamin Gill (he/him): So take it away in Matthew.

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Matthew Waters: Next slide i'm good morning everybody greetings from auburn university.

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Matthew Waters: And I appreciate y'all allowing my young Holocene study into this session is the first time I presented this data is, this is a long term study this sort of come into fruition here so.

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Matthew Waters: we're going to talk about more of a Holocene picture this morning and the relationship of toxic algal blooms.

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Matthew Waters: With the Maya societies that I can occupy the Guatemala Highlands always want to thank the people who funded this research, this is funded by national geographic and nsf.

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Matthew Waters: and also the collaborative partners down in Guatemala, especially people pictured here and just want to point out that this was a really exciting study.

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Matthew Waters: Because we were able to include some local bottom on undergraduate students to the far right picture you see notion, and those are two great students to involve on this, and they were kind of involved in every aspect so it's a really fun experience.

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Matthew Waters: So when I think of Asian environments again i'm much more younger time and a lot of you start to think about a lot of the work that's been done on the previous story Maya.

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Matthew Waters: If you're not familiar the Maya or an ancient society that that occupied mesoamerican sort of Guatemala to the yucatan Peninsula in Mexico.

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Matthew Waters: Really dwelled in these high density population city states and their society collapse it's called the terminal collapse around 920 ad.

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Matthew Waters: Where it wasn't just a like a die off it was much more of a movement from these dense urban areas out into lower populations, but out into still the rural environments in the Maya are still around today, obviously.

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Matthew Waters: But there's been a lot of Paleo work Paleo environmental work that has been done on this collapse and on this culture.

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Matthew Waters: And some really great analyses have shown that that these high density populations increased erosion due to agricultural practices which could have had negative environmental impacts they in many ways practice deforestation.

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Matthew Waters: Some work, starting in the 90s started using some oxygen isotopic proxies and started to show that drought, was a major contributor to their collapse.

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Matthew Waters: And, and then obviously there's their socio political archaeological things that i've also played a role in this, and when I approached this.

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Matthew Waters: I look at water quality in my lab here at all over an ancient water quality and and it's not on the list there's a lot of information on what's happened in the terrestrial landscape.

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Matthew Waters: And the climate but not really much about the potable water source so just as I have this map in front of you.

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Matthew Waters: You see down there i've underlined the city of coming out who you, which is where we're going to spend a lot of our time today.

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Matthew Waters: In my talk so I just want to bring that to your attention we're talking about the southern portion Guatemala and the Highlands is where we're going to go, but this idea of water quality.

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Matthew Waters: i've been trying to apply this.

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Matthew Waters: Around ancient societies for a while now and and I really was looking for the right site what I think I was looking for was a was a modern lake it was experiencing some trophies and hyper you traffic conditions, some harmful algal blooms.

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Matthew Waters: Which is what my lab does toxin sign of toxins that occurred in these systems, then link it back to a society see this this ruin.

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Matthew Waters: In front of you from your saw, which is one of the few Maya city cities that we know the Maya called it, the same thing we called it and and York saw in the in the in the Maya tongue is blue green water.

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Matthew Waters: Which made me think you know, maybe, maybe they did experience hypertrophic conditions going back in time and we also needed to be able to measure ancient pollution, you know a lot of pollution today is not pollution of past, you know PCBs and things like that.

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Matthew Waters: P foss so we needed, something that would go back in time, and you know, I think.

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Matthew Waters: These are the tools that i'm interested in so just to put the our study site.

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Matthew Waters: In perspective, the picture in the middle, is a Google image of the urban area of Guatemala City, you can easily see the URBAN.

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Matthew Waters: areas, this is also called the family of Guatemala, this is a valley where it's just exploded in population there's about over 3 million people that live in this area.

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Matthew Waters: And, and the water system of this city primarily runs untreated and it flows into this one river the River view a litmus which flows into this one lake, which is our study site like a mud pit lawn.

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Matthew Waters: And like a month deadline is arguably one of the most polluted systems i've ever seen.

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Matthew Waters: The the urban effluent coming from this watershed is astronomical in its in its pollution, you can see down in the bottom left hand.

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Matthew Waters: corner, they really just kind of kind of capture the big chunks and scoop it out there, it is one of their capture sites as a dead dog floating in the middle of the lake and this like is experienced unbelievable hyper you traffic conditions, you can see a picture of the water there.

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Matthew Waters: sign of bacterial harmful algal blooms the sign of toxins Microsystems if you're familiar with those which are human hepatic toxins.

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Matthew Waters: are to the level well, the World Health Organization says one micrograms per liter is what's the recommended threshold.

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Matthew Waters: And the values in like a month long or 100 micrograms per liter extracellular in 1000 micrograms per liter intracellular so we're talking two to three orders of magnitude.

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Matthew Waters: Historically, though we have sort of similar conditions, the ancient Maya side coming out who you, which is a Guatemala Highlands citadel mega site.

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Matthew Waters: sort of in the pre classic and the classic periods lived in the same watershed and its agricultural areas was this valley of Guatemala, so we had high density populations, you can see in the map and the bottom right.

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Matthew Waters: That the lake was, I mean the the citadel was was formed around a lake that went dry around 400 ad.

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Matthew Waters: Most of the city is now under Guatemala City and only pieces of it have been excavated, as you can see in the picture in the upper middle but it's a very high population site, so we basically wanted to just ask the question did the the water quality.

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Matthew Waters: problems experienced today extend back to when the Maya populations were high so that was sort of the basis and the objective of our study.

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Matthew Waters: The tools that we use our tools that I work in and my lab we use paleontological sediment cores.

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Matthew Waters: and measured nutrients stored and sentiments and then my lab specializes in harmful algal bloom markers photosynthetic pigments we look at chlorophyll and carotenoids using an htc system and look at multiple.

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Matthew Waters: markers that are there solely diagnostic for cyanobacteria and then my labs been working a lot recently on extracting and measuring Sino toxins.

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Matthew Waters: being pulled out of the sediments to the right you see a publication, we did from lake Griffin Florida, which showed that the sign of toxin cylinders for MOPs and extended all the way back to 4000 why BP.

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Matthew Waters: And we have other records of the more common toxin Microsystems.

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Matthew Waters: To do as well, which is what we're going to be measuring here, so we want to take these tools which have not been applied to my sites, yet, and I go back in time to see if their water was potable where did they have.

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Matthew Waters: Toxic algal bloom problems in the same way that the modern day does we collected a settlement core from like a month too long, you can see in the left.

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Matthew Waters: The red dot over here, we chose this site, because it has been successfully used in two other paleontological successful published studies.

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Matthew Waters: We collected a 5.5 meter sediment core do overlapping sections we section, the mud water interface course you can see, to the right that's mark Brenner and Jason curtis from the University of Florida my collaborators on this project.

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Matthew Waters: And then we collected the the deeper sections for magnetic susceptibility analysis and all the other analyses that.

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Matthew Waters: So here's the dating model that we came up with, and we measured six msc 14 dates.

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Matthew Waters: But then, due to the previous studies by Los at all and a couple of others, we could utilize some of their see 14 dates and and we were able to match up the magnetic susceptibility of the two cores you can see the red line i've done for you there because we got lucky, and one of our.

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Matthew Waters: Carbon 14 dates was the exact same date as one in the low score and that allowed us to really start to match up the peaks.

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Matthew Waters: From our magnetic susceptibility we put this together into a bacon model which is based on statistical model in our and we're able to say that the core extends about you know over 2020 500 years ago back into in the 200 BCE is basically where we are here.

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Matthew Waters: So, to show you the data I know there's a lot here but i'll kind of walk you through some of the highlights on the left, you see the toxin record this is Microsystems you see the modern day.

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Matthew Waters: High Microsystems period, but you also see these ancient Spikes in Microsystems going back in time.

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Matthew Waters: And here's the cyanobacteria record, these are to sign of bacterial pigments that we measure you see these modern days high amounts high concentrations and if we go back in time we see these large Spikes of.

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Matthew Waters: Basically hyper you traffic conditions during my occupation of this area to point out some of the history.

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Matthew Waters: You know what was interesting here is these two markers, although they both originate from cyanobacteria.

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Matthew Waters: or asynchronous and their deposition of periods which we find very interesting and is a huge focus moving forward, but.

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Matthew Waters: The sign of toxin periods i've divided these up on the right, you see into Linda logical strata graphic zones, just to help out to discussion.

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Matthew Waters: But the high side of toxins in zone one coincided with lower cyanobacteria abundance and that's supported in the literature, we find that inside a toxin productivity, we don't always find.

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Matthew Waters: High sign of bacterial abundance equals toxin them, but we do see during the post classic.

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Matthew Waters: And the end the classic periods of my occupation pretty pretty sizable sign of toxin amounts in the water, so if they were using this water, it could have had negative health effects on the on the society, the zone to has lower sign a toxin.

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Matthew Waters: deposition, but these values in in in the pigments really show that this this this lake was green it's like was a harmful algal bloom which was capable of fish kills and all the other things that come with harmful algal blooms.

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Matthew Waters: This water was was was densely green even similar to today, because if you know anything about photosynthetic pigments they can degrade through time we see again in zone three another spike in toxins and then into the modern day.

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Matthew Waters: Putting this in a principal component analysis just sort of supports what we have now, we have two zones of low toxin.

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Matthew Waters: I mean high toxin production but low productivity and in one in three which showed here on the PCA to the left.

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Matthew Waters: And then you find to the right these two periods of hyper you traffic conditions, one with toxins which is the modern day, but the ancient hyper you traffic conditions.

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Matthew Waters: did not contain very, very many toxins connecting this to the history of the area and trying to to match up some of these zones with.

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Matthew Waters: With archaeological analyses we we we don't really see a lot of matching with our hypertrophic signer toxin periods.

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Matthew Waters: i've changed the scale here i've removed the upper modern day just to just to show some of the strategic or fi here, so you can really see some of the Spikes of sign of toxins the highest pre history sign of toxin productivity is around 300.

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Matthew Waters: See ad and that's really interesting because that is around the time when that lake of coming now who you dried up, based upon archaeological evidence, but we don't really see any matching.

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Matthew Waters: During the the classic Maya periods of pre classic classic and post classic especially around the terminal collapse, but the terminal collapse does line up with this hypertrophic period, looking at archaeological.

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Matthew Waters: reconstructions from.

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Matthew Waters: Basically pottery the highland areas have many different faces and we don't really line up with any of the the face changes that are known in the archaeology looking at the past of allez at all article is the last one of the former historic paleontological reconstructions.

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Matthew Waters: And we start to see that there are some watershed population dynamics that are going on coming out who you.

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Matthew Waters: Was the citadel that had a large urban presence we start to see as its population started to grow materials moved into the lake causing these hyper you traffic conditions.

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Matthew Waters: But then coming out who you sort of abandoned and the population in the rural sites started to increase here's a reconstruction from.

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Matthew Waters: study in the 80s, published in 1990 merde and you can see it as human population increase in the watershed not in the city.

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Matthew Waters: You started to line up with these hyper you traffic conditions, so it could have been this could be evidence, where.

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Matthew Waters: The the population within coming out who use sort of dispersed into the watershed.

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Matthew Waters: And sort of moved down to the lake or to the southern portion of the lake and their significant Maya sites with ball courts and and structures down on the lake itself, so we know.

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Matthew Waters: The mile we're using the system and and could have you know, been impacted by by these events so drawing some inferences from this, we do find.

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Matthew Waters: Evidence of intense hypertrophic sign of toxic conditions in the prehistoric my occupation period in the Guatemala islands on.

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Matthew Waters: The the toxins in this in the cyanobacteria seem to be asynchronous in their Spikes but the values we find are comparable to these these extremely toxic extremely dense algal blooms we find today, so we, we can conclude we think we can draw inferences here that the Maya did experience.

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Matthew Waters: Intense harmful algal blooms as they occupied this lake and we think that's evidence that that you know ancient societies could have been influenced by habs in the same way that cultural eutrophication can be influenced by halves so before we leave this.

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Matthew Waters: We we've gotten new funding to go back and to continue to apply these tools.

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Matthew Waters: To these areas we've we've already cord like octet long, which is this beautiful lake You see, in the middle here and in the Highlands as well to try and match up some of the markers we see.

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Matthew Waters: And we got around the funding to go down to the yucatan and start to core multiple sites that the Maya occupied.

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Matthew Waters: To try and go back in time to see if these harmful algal blooms could have been more of a factor in the terminal collapse because the the Highland portion of the Maya didn't really experience the terminal collapse.

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Matthew Waters: As much as the yucatan and some of these other areas so with that maybe have a couple of moments for some questions.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): Returning yeah we have some time for for questions.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): You can you unmute yourself and speak up or in the questions.

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Ann Ojeda: hey matt how you doing that was great.

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Ann Ojeda: I hadn't seen the state of before it's awesome yeah.

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Ann Ojeda: Thanks, so I have a question about the merde study is there an uncertainty in the age dates associated with that study I saw your the aero bars in the population and certainty yep is there a you know north, south uncertainty on that.

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Matthew Waters: Oh absolutely absolutely and and, in fact, what I had to do was.

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Matthew Waters: Take the merde age model and match it up to a newer age model that has just been published so.

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Matthew Waters: But what but what I think so, the new age model it's quite strong and quite robust and I think it's strong, so what what I did had to do was take the merde study mash them merde study to the pottery.

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Matthew Waters: shard connections and then connect the pottery to the new study so yeah there's definitely some.

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Matthew Waters: Some you know error involved there yeah.

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Ann Ojeda: yeah so I guess my My point is that if you don't have matchups with with small uncertainty, you may have a little a little slide once you add the uncertainty to that.

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Matthew Waters: Sure yeah yeah the age model apparently in this area has been highly controversial, so you know I said I just had to.

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Matthew Waters: Go with one and and and move on, but yeah yeah no doubt cool thanks.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): We have time for one more question I think chuck.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): yeah.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: Great talk man.

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Matthew Waters: Thanks man.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: yeah I was wondering whether there's any evidence that you can see texturally or compositionally from your cores that that indicate that lake levels shifted during the time period that you're looking at.

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Matthew Waters: yeah somebody tried to infer from the diatom record a few lake levels, but the for the the base and morphology here.

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Matthew Waters: sort of suggested it's been somewhat stable but but there's it doesn't seem to be.

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Matthew Waters: A major contributors, the one thing I didn't mention though that might be more of interest is.

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Matthew Waters: i'm trying to go back now and match up some of the nutrient inputs and and some of the changes we see to Tetra.

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Matthew Waters: To try and see if there's any link here and influence, maybe from volcanic activity that's The next piece of analysis we're going to add to this, so I haven't really seen much from like levels but definitely could be could be something yeah oh.

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cool.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): Alright, so we have a reminder, we have a slight change in me.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): We have two more speakers and then so next up is is actually a video So hopefully hopefully I get this right.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): And Julia season Stein is is the presenter and she's here live as well, social snapping answer questions afterwards and she's currently at usgs and.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): did a study on warm water incursions on to the rust see shelf Antarctica based on for performing different from IDP expedition 374, so I will start this video and hopefully it goes well.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): hi my name is Julia science and i'm a geologist at the US geological survey last year I graduated from the University of Massachusetts amherst with a master's degree.

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Cole Edwards: JEREMY I think your audio cut up.

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Cole Edwards: We can't hear the video anymore.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): I am I muted myself so apparently that's going to cause a problem solved hopefully it will go, let me know if that doesn't.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): Show start over.

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Cole Edwards: yeah.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): Sorry.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): tiffany University of Massachusetts.

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savrdce@auburn.edu: A master's degree.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): In geology and I did a project on studying for a minute and the Rossi of Antarctica so i'm going to tell you a bit project now.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): So for some background on for a minute or grams for short forums.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): Are single celled organisms that live in the ocean and they create the Shell for themselves often out of calcium carbonate coming from the ocean water.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): There are two types of horns plaintiffs and bendix clinics are passive floaters floating in the upper part of the water polo and then bendix live at the bottom of the ocean closer to the sentiment.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): And they can be telling us different things about what's going on in the ocean.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): So please tell us more about the conditions at the top of the word home and can be more connected to the atmosphere and ethics can be totally separate and can be telling us more about what's going on with the bottom water parents should.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): So the plaintiffs as they die they fall to the bottom, and everything makes us together and we have a forum assemblage.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): And over time in the different layers of sediment that are built up yet different forum assemblages that can be representing.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): The different conditions of the water at that time so wouldn't it be great if we could take a chunk of that sentiment and look back in time and see what the port and assemblages really in the past.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): And that's exactly what we can do with the international edition discovery pregnant so expedition 374 my advisor sales to the roski with with.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): international group of scientists and they were studying the West Antarctic a sheep history, so I have to study those samples that my advisor brought back and look for forums.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): So why do we care about in Africa, right now, when we think about activate it's a place that is totally covered in ice.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): Those big questions about how that has changed over time and when has a sheets when have the sheets collapse and for what reason and how is that connected with times of war in the gaps there.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): So here's my site here in the rough seas and without Western art to cover left and eastern Africa on the right and split by the transatlantic mountains.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): Say 1520 years or more connected to the ice that's happening in West Africa because of the transaction mountains separating East and Africa from the recipe.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): So if we took the ice off Antarctica what is a look like looks like this and you know, especially in western art to get it just looks like a series of vitamins, not so much a solid continent underneath that.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): And the reason that is important, is because the ice sheet the grounding line which is this thin black line is really connected to the ocean, so the spot, that the ice is sitting on bedrock is underwater and what that means is that grounding line.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): If there's warmer waters moving in the background in line can shift back and retreat and, eventually, maybe even cause the issue to collapse, so this is a big concern is when has the Western art he collapsed in the past and there's a lot of debate about when that's happened.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): So this is the best thing for him oxygen I said to her from zero to 5 million years from rainy Am I remember my second and it's showing the.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): cooler and more ice time that hand bottom and warmer and less time fair tops of topics in real time periods, we see the shift from the warmer pricing down into the cooler places and and also shift around here, going from 40 K international time periods to 100 K of the speculation cycle.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): And we see these like number 511 and 31 those are significant because they're picking up a little bit above the modern.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): And thick for him oxygen isotope number and there's a lot of questions about if those interglacial time periods were more like where we are now and more like we're going to you know warming world, and so what my horrible looking at is the past 3 million years, so this part of the curve.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): So what's going on with West Antarctica during five the five he is the last interglacial.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): there's some studies that find that there is a complete collapse, but most others either don't find evidence or find evidence for partial collapse, but it's not really agreed upon what was going out.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): Am is 11 is another interglacial of note.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): Around 42,000 years ago and again it's not entirely agreed upon what was going so so, what was the answer some people like evidence for class and other scientists.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): feminists 31 million years ago and that's what gets a lot of attention around with an article.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): Because it's, the most recent integration with really good evidence for significantly reduce the ice and possible collapse of the a sheet so that's based on climate modeling work and also reconstruction using.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): Using sediment send my course.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): And then the other hand, it's happening during the time of 31 is the MID pleistocene transition, so this is the end right the dominant climate cycle changes from 41,000.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): Years and some questions about how that has affected the ocean currents and the X so when we're looking into what we were going to find we thought we really find something interesting at these time periods in backward.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): So one of the goals, one of the questions from the science expedition was did the Antarctic slope current which is here in white.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): regulate the south, where transport of Warren circumpolar deep water, which is here in red onto the Rossi continental shelf as a service or treating during past events.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): And my hypothesis based on this question is when the certain whole Jupiter is strongly flowing to St Michael fossil record should reveal abundant permanent for it and characteristics PCs.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): That thrive in the conditions of the certain color deep water, there could be an encouragement of Sub polar or temporary fix This is especially what we're looking for you, are we going to find those temperance vcs at 31 or other key points in western district.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): So insight that I was focused on 1523 is great for this, because it's right on the shelf break so really important spot with how all the ocean currents are interacting with each other on the shelf break.

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Jeremy Owens (he/him): This is the each model that I used for it my data it was based on work that was done aboard the ship before I became involved in this project.

437
01:14:17.660 --> 01:14:24.380
Jeremy Owens (he/him): it's got four points, so the two triangles here, and here, our first and less appearances of Microsoft with them.

438
01:14:24.860 --> 01:14:38.990
Jeremy Owens (he/him): And the to process here and here are magnetic polarity reversals and then there's some missing time here in the middle so that'll be reflected I did so first i'm going to show you them.

439
01:14:40.730 --> 01:14:48.830
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Overall data and then i'm going to tell you about the specific speeds, he sees that we find the plaintiffs and have the best mix.

440
01:14:50.660 --> 01:15:01.220
Jeremy Owens (he/him): of age from zero to 3 million years ago plotted with the H1 and then there's some missing time we're in the middle that shows up as this white bar.

441
01:15:01.790 --> 01:15:16.190
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Across the top i've got percent abundance and fine and percent for him fragments parts sediment number bendix PCs percent plastics and then everything is scrapped against the sections mo curve hear that excellent ice cream curve.

442
01:15:17.210 --> 01:15:28.550
Jeremy Owens (he/him): So what's going on, when you really notice is and i'm highlighting here is this part is for grammar sentiment is really changing throughout the quarter so we've got the boom and bust through the forums there's lots of four times are there lots of.

443
01:15:30.440 --> 01:15:32.240
Jeremy Owens (he/him): little bit more lots of forums.

444
01:15:32.270 --> 01:15:39.320
Jeremy Owens (he/him): No party platforms that has been invested of the Friends, and the question is, you know is that matching often times.

445
01:15:40.130 --> 01:15:49.700
Jeremy Owens (he/him): With influential time so note and it looks like it is so that's something that we want to look into it and see what species are finding at these time periods and what will that tell us.

446
01:15:50.840 --> 01:16:05.990
Jeremy Owens (he/him): The other thing that I really noticed is that the percent for improvements is increasing towards the top of the Court and that could be telling us something about the currents and if the currents are more corrosive at this top part of the course so that's so important.

447
01:16:07.610 --> 01:16:16.370
Jeremy Owens (he/him): And so now we're going to delve into the specific species, so this is the plain text and I just grabbed the most abundant point Dixon, the most important point fix.

448
01:16:18.110 --> 01:16:19.670
Jeremy Owens (he/him): With their name and then.

449
01:16:20.720 --> 01:16:29.270
Jeremy Owens (he/him): The so the pachyderm in here the most abundant if polar species, so no surprises, and we have all this time.

450
01:16:30.380 --> 01:16:43.040
Jeremy Owens (he/him): And then the support and content and then temporary employees pocket mentors and T Quinn cola and then also we got total plaintiffs per sample just to remind you that it's really the number of politics is really changing throughout the Court.

451
01:16:44.480 --> 01:16:58.910
Jeremy Owens (he/him): So when we say i'm so so i'm just graphing the forest from the previous previous graph On top of this fun to see what species are we seeing at those times of note.

452
01:16:59.330 --> 01:17:06.710
Jeremy Owens (he/him): So, first I want to focus on the top half the core so from one and a half million years ago to present basically what's going on here.

453
01:17:07.190 --> 01:17:17.840
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Well here's 511 and 31 these individual time periods of new and like we saw previously there are lots of abundant number of.

454
01:17:18.380 --> 01:17:28.490
Jeremy Owens (he/him): forums, but we're not seeing those temporary temporary cleantech species, so at five know temperance you know not have a tear and then no templates here so that was.

455
01:17:28.850 --> 01:17:38.420
Jeremy Owens (he/him): A surprise, we thought of all the places that were likely to find conference makes sense that we find them here, and especially around 31 That was one thing that we find them enough anyone.

456
01:17:38.780 --> 01:17:46.370
Jeremy Owens (he/him): What we did so, we do have these forums this farm per gram of sediment data so just the fact that we have forums, is telling us that.

457
01:17:46.730 --> 01:17:54.560
Jeremy Owens (he/him): might have been better conditions so less ice conditions warmer conditions, but we don't see the template species that I thought might see.

458
01:17:55.460 --> 01:18:03.770
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Now let's look at the bottom part of the record so i've got 3 million years ago to about one and a half million years ago, and this is where things get interesting.

459
01:18:04.460 --> 01:18:14.390
Jeremy Owens (he/him): So we've got actual temperance feces here we've got falcon access appeared below it is here ruben and bought it and queen club it.

460
01:18:14.810 --> 01:18:18.650
Jeremy Owens (he/him): And the thing to really point out is that not only do we have temperance.

461
01:18:19.250 --> 01:18:33.260
Jeremy Owens (he/him): But we have some that are very temperate and then we would not expect to find in Antarctica so we were especially surprised by this sample that's around 2.6 million years ago where we have cheaper n G in Florida now we're in Florida.

462
01:18:33.890 --> 01:18:50.060
Jeremy Owens (he/him): here's some SEM images of them were in a lot of finding them in Antarctica is quite surprising because they will be doing better and conditions like you find in the Gulf of Mexico, so they are more more water species.

463
01:18:51.410 --> 01:19:01.340
Jeremy Owens (he/him): And it's quite unusual to find them here, but the fact that we're finding other tempered species around them, makes me think that you know this is real thing that we're seeing this isn't a problem with our data.

464
01:19:02.690 --> 01:19:04.070
Jeremy Owens (he/him): So how can we.

465
01:19:05.480 --> 01:19:19.430
Jeremy Owens (he/him): better understand you better context for this data, I wanted to compare this section of the Court annual record with android fence, so the annual record this drills into the Ross ice shelf and then down into the continental shelf below it.

466
01:19:21.080 --> 01:19:22.760
Jeremy Owens (he/him): And that was amazing record.

467
01:19:23.990 --> 01:19:35.000
Jeremy Owens (he/him): The past and i'll just focus on the time period that I was interested in, so this is that 3 million years ago to 2 million years ago, and this is just setting some different colors or sure some questions in the age model.

468
01:19:35.720 --> 01:19:51.980
Jeremy Owens (he/him): But then over here is where that matches up to, so we have these fine yellow boxes and those yellow boxes represent represent diatom Richmond and diatom rich month tend tend to mean open ocean condition so less ice and warmer.

469
01:19:53.210 --> 01:19:55.970
Jeremy Owens (he/him): So it makes sense that we're seeing kamprad species.

470
01:19:57.080 --> 01:19:58.160
Jeremy Owens (he/him): In that time very.

471
01:20:00.290 --> 01:20:06.530
Jeremy Owens (he/him): And now let's take a look at the benefit, so the benefits are bottom and they're telling us more about the bottom workers.

472
01:20:07.460 --> 01:20:15.770
Jeremy Owens (he/him): So I just plotted the most abundant and fix there's many more than found that this is what i'm going to show you today.

473
01:20:16.130 --> 01:20:27.680
Jeremy Owens (he/him): And I thought of them as being your different species are been in at different times and the question is, what does that tell us about the bottom line well track for unit your land ID is especially common in the top.

474
01:20:29.030 --> 01:20:38.210
Jeremy Owens (he/him): half million years so from point 5 million years to present, and so I call this the trick for you to your landing zone, and so what does that mean.

475
01:20:38.510 --> 01:20:50.270
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Well, we know from previous studies that represent your land are associated with strong currents so that can be telling us that the bottom one occurrence increased and became stronger in the top part of the quarter.

476
01:20:52.610 --> 01:20:56.570
Jeremy Owens (he/him): So let's bring it all together here, what do we have we've got this.

477
01:20:57.650 --> 01:21:02.210
Jeremy Owens (he/him): The treasury near Linda and the top of the credits also matching up with this percent for in fragments.

478
01:21:02.480 --> 01:21:12.110
Jeremy Owens (he/him): So both both of those things agree with with each other that we'd have a stronger correct at the top of the course so that that makes sense, and then we have this boom and bust of the forums where their.

479
01:21:12.380 --> 01:21:20.390
Jeremy Owens (he/him): time periods, where there are a lot of forums during some interglacial that here here here and here and times, where there just aren't any forum, so the fact.

480
01:21:20.630 --> 01:21:32.090
Jeremy Owens (he/him): That we have this huge change in forums, is telling us that there are times when it's better for life and times when it's not as good and those times that it better for like a much more likely to be warmer in official time periods.

481
01:21:32.450 --> 01:21:42.050
Jeremy Owens (he/him): And then, some of those time periods, where we're seeing temperate feces like down at the bottom that might be telling us that were that it's even warmer it's even better for life.

482
01:21:43.550 --> 01:21:50.810
Jeremy Owens (he/him): And it's matching up with some interglacial time periods from the list I can curb so 511 31, for example.

483
01:21:53.120 --> 01:22:07.280
Jeremy Owens (he/him): So the conclusions that the form abundance data is showing that the Rossi had intervals warmer than today in their early places, since I find my my record and then cooled through the MID pleistocene around million years ago.

484
01:22:07.670 --> 01:22:14.630
Jeremy Owens (he/him): and had a greater influence from the Antarctic slope current since the mid places in transition, so that an Arctic slope current.

485
01:22:15.650 --> 01:22:25.820
Jeremy Owens (he/him): We know that, because the increase porn pregnant and the increase of preferring it your way and I that is telling us that we're having these more intense by on water currents or more groups.

486
01:22:28.520 --> 01:22:36.890
Jeremy Owens (he/him): there's lots of questions that we have going forward how might improve age model improve our findings and how about add to what we are sharing here.

487
01:22:37.580 --> 01:22:53.180
Jeremy Owens (he/him): And then also to compare my data with what other scientists are doing so there's a lot more work going on on this Court and the other courses that reflect on this expedition including more in depth chemistry of the show's information on the sediment on.

488
01:22:54.230 --> 01:23:04.670
Jeremy Owens (he/him): diatoms and all sorts of things so i'm really excited to talk to other scientists about what they found and to see how we can get better data together.

489
01:23:06.770 --> 01:23:25.250
Jeremy Owens (he/him): So on the end thanking a bunch of people lots of people at Cambridge Massachusetts including my advisor mark lucky and My thesis committee for custom data and proud to content, also the exhibition 374 scientists and IDP and the US geological survey my plane okay.

490
01:23:28.130 --> 01:23:34.250
Benjamin Gill (he/him): All right, we have time for one question before a nuisance lose the next talk in July is here live to answer your questions, if you have them.

491
01:23:39.980 --> 01:23:40.670
Benjamin Gill (he/him): chuck you had a question.

492
01:23:41.060 --> 01:23:49.670
savrdce@auburn.edu: And Julia nice talk, I wonder whether you can comment on the missing time you're missing what roughly 300,000 years.

493
01:23:50.900 --> 01:24:01.040
savrdce@auburn.edu: Do you have any idea and the mechanism for that loss of record there, particularly in the context of the rest of your data and what it says about.

494
01:24:02.090 --> 01:24:04.580
savrdce@auburn.edu: Climate change and conditions in that area.

495
01:24:06.080 --> 01:24:12.680
Julia Seidenstein: yeah I mean that's likely to be because of ice um, and so the Rossi.

496
01:24:14.150 --> 01:24:21.680
Julia Seidenstein: And this is some work that other other folks when I would appear do much more extensive work in into this settlement itself and what what that's telling us.

497
01:24:22.310 --> 01:24:29.030
Julia Seidenstein: But that's that's what i've heard from other folks that it's probably grounding Nice that sort of pushed away and destroyed some of that settlement record.

498
01:24:30.410 --> 01:24:30.740
savrdce@auburn.edu: Thank you.

499
01:24:31.370 --> 01:24:32.630
Julia Seidenstein: But yeah it's a huge time period.

500
01:24:40.910 --> 01:24:47.990
Benjamin Gill (he/him): All right, in the interest of time let's get the next talk so zach are you ready to go so just as a reminder we're removing a.

501
01:24:48.380 --> 01:24:49.550
Benjamin Gill (he/him): zach straw spurs.

502
01:24:49.580 --> 01:24:55.520
Benjamin Gill (he/him): talk up one slide and we'll have a break after his talk because he's going to get the fat she actually.

503
01:24:57.740 --> 01:24:58.910
Benjamin Gill (he/him): And just look in a little bit.

504
01:25:08.960 --> 01:25:21.950
Benjamin Gill (he/him): Alright, so our next call is going to be given by zach Strasburg from James Madison university and his talk titled placing a late lucien Paleo climate estimates for the South China into a moderate climate framework so take it away zach.

505
01:25:23.360 --> 01:25:23.990
Zach Strasberg: Everybody.

506
01:25:24.350 --> 01:25:38.210
Zach Strasberg: yeah so my name is is rosberg i'm a senior at James Madison university i'm here to talk about my undergraduate honors research with my that I worked on, with my advisor Dr bill lukens.

507
01:25:39.200 --> 01:25:50.660
Zach Strasberg: And also, Dr Brian sugar from Louisiana Lafayette university so today i'm going to be talking about placing lately seen paleoclimate estimates for South China into a modern climate framework.

508
01:25:51.920 --> 01:26:02.210
Zach Strasberg: So the motivation for this work is from another paper Fitzpatrick and done 2019 where they basically attempting to contextualize climate change forecasts.

509
01:26:03.440 --> 01:26:09.890
Zach Strasberg: To and projections, to make them more understandable to the general public, so what I mean by this is, if you look at this graph here.

510
01:26:10.460 --> 01:26:25.340
Zach Strasberg: This is harrisonburg Virginia where my colleges and, basically, the question that they have is what will the climate of harrisonburg look like in 58 years whatever, and so they show that it looks like.

511
01:26:25.880 --> 01:26:42.170
Zach Strasberg: southeast Oklahoma or generally just far there's much further south and present day, and so our goal with this is, can we use a similar technique that they used to place Paleo climate studies into a modern climate space.

512
01:26:44.090 --> 01:26:50.270
Zach Strasberg: So we applied this method to the Asian monsoon region just a little bit of background on the on monsoons.

513
01:26:50.870 --> 01:26:56.270
Zach Strasberg: there's some adult summer dominated precipitation systems that are driven by seasonal reversals and wind direction.

514
01:26:56.600 --> 01:27:09.290
Zach Strasberg: So, if you look at this first batch here here are all the monsoon regions in the world, and one thing that instantly jumps out at you is that most monsoons lie low latitudes between the Tropic of cancer in the Tropic of capricorn.

515
01:27:09.770 --> 01:27:19.940
Zach Strasberg: And these are driven by inner tropical conversion zone migrations which bring intensive summer rainfall, these regions are highlighted in red one.

516
01:27:20.810 --> 01:27:40.460
Zach Strasberg: place where basically the only exception to this in the entire world is the Asian summer monsoon um where the Tibetan plateau at on the on equal heating of the Tibetan plateau and the ocean bring the sea breeze wins that basically bring on tropical climates to the.

517
01:27:42.620 --> 01:27:54.200
Zach Strasberg: Basically, brings tropical climates to the mid-latitudes, and so there are several different subsystems of the Asian monsoon there's the Indian monsoon, which is a combination is.

518
01:27:54.590 --> 01:28:02.000
Zach Strasberg: Driven by a combination of ITC and sea breeze effects and it's also intensified from the rain shadow effect from the Himalayan mountains.

519
01:28:02.330 --> 01:28:07.340
Zach Strasberg: Then you have the East Asian monsoon which is dominated by sea breeze winds its most northern most.

520
01:28:07.940 --> 01:28:16.550
Zach Strasberg: monsoon region in the world, and then you have the west, north Pacific monsoon which is it CC dominated and it's an oceanic monsoon.

521
01:28:16.970 --> 01:28:28.190
Zach Strasberg: And then, finally, you have the transitional area, which is in the Indochina Vietnam region, which basically separates these three systems, and you have a lot of complex dynamics going on there.

522
01:28:29.240 --> 01:28:37.640
Zach Strasberg: And so there is a big debate in the Paleo monsoon world as to when the.

523
01:28:38.870 --> 01:28:53.060
Zach Strasberg: East Asian monsoon initiated, so why do we care we care because studying past monsoon systems can help us possibly make interpretations about future monsoon systems, which is very important um.

524
01:28:53.900 --> 01:29:00.110
Zach Strasberg: If you're trying to predict how monsoons will change in a region where two to 3 billion people live.

525
01:29:00.860 --> 01:29:12.290
Zach Strasberg: um so the big question is When did the em the East Asian monsoon the sea breeze style or the sea breeze wins initiate so some.

526
01:29:12.800 --> 01:29:19.880
Zach Strasberg: say that it was the mentally eocene and then others contend that it was the legacy miocene boundaries that's a that's a pretty.

527
01:29:20.750 --> 01:29:31.250
Zach Strasberg: big difference in time i'm and these disagreements are largely driven by an old legacy data gap in south and east Asia there just aren't a lot of records from the legacy and.

528
01:29:32.270 --> 01:29:42.110
Zach Strasberg: And this is relevant because i'm the Tibetan plateau have reached pretty high elevations by that time by the little leucine and.

529
01:29:42.620 --> 01:30:00.500
Zach Strasberg: Previous research has shown that Paleo monsoon LM l evolution is driven by Paleo geography and Paleo elevation of the Tibetan plateau IE times of higher Tibetan plateau have strong monsoon in East Asia times of low to spend plateau have weak or non existent monsoon.

530
01:30:02.270 --> 01:30:11.300
Zach Strasberg: And so the site that I am looking at is on nanning China, which is in South China and the Guangdong province um you can see that here.

531
01:30:11.990 --> 01:30:18.140
Zach Strasberg: it's at a relatively low elevation and it has a summer dominated precipitation pattern so here you have monthly.

532
01:30:18.650 --> 01:30:24.530
Zach Strasberg: precipitation and temperature and you can see that the vast majority of precipitation comes in the summer.

533
01:30:25.250 --> 01:30:36.890
Zach Strasberg: um and so in the modern in modern times this region situated in the East Asian monsoon region kind of near that transitional area but it's in the East Asian monsoon region and i'm.

534
01:30:37.880 --> 01:30:49.670
Zach Strasberg: A previous research from foreign locker which is basically what my thesis is based on in uses on mummified tree mummified would samples from nanning.

535
01:30:50.510 --> 01:31:06.290
Zach Strasberg: To the carbon isotope from these mummified would samples to basically concluded that summer dominated rainfall patterns were existing at this time, another important thing to note is that a legacy manning was slightly cooler than monitor dynamic.

536
01:31:08.330 --> 01:31:10.550
Zach Strasberg: So the big question that we have is.

537
01:31:11.720 --> 01:31:21.500
Zach Strasberg: Is the monsoon signal from legacy in South China more similar to an East Asian monsoon like it is today Indian monsoon or a Western north.

538
01:31:22.460 --> 01:31:32.180
Zach Strasberg: Western North Pacific monsoon said no, so how did I do this um so I first had to gather climatological estimates for later latency manning.

539
01:31:32.660 --> 01:31:51.260
Zach Strasberg: These are based on the coexistence approach clamp and leaf margin analysis, as well as the triggering seasonality, all of these are Paleo use either use Paleo botanical evidence from this region in the La scene and basically the averages of these show.

540
01:31:52.610 --> 01:32:11.540
Zach Strasberg: A similar climate to today where you have slightly more summer precipitation and slightly less winter precipitation but similar annual precipitation values, and then we look at this variable psp annual, which is the ratio of summer to annual precipitation you can see a little bit more.

541
01:32:12.710 --> 01:32:17.480
Zach Strasberg: Rainfall fell in the summer than the winter.

542
01:32:19.010 --> 01:32:26.360
Zach Strasberg: than the past but not much, and it was also slightly cooler so the next thing that we did that I did was I gathered on.

543
01:32:27.410 --> 01:32:31.640
Zach Strasberg: weather station data from the global climatological historical network monthly data set.

544
01:32:32.270 --> 01:32:43.640
Zach Strasberg: I looked at 4441 stations greater than 10 years on record and the advantages of this data So these are all the stations here plotted with number of years on record.

545
01:32:44.210 --> 01:32:54.590
Zach Strasberg: And so the advantages of this is that these values are corrected for quality assurance, so you don't have a lot of random typos and outliers and then also you have an accurate elevation data.

546
01:32:56.300 --> 01:33:10.130
Zach Strasberg: Next I calculate the Z score to standardize on these values, to get them on the same Units one important thing to note is that summer precipitation precipitation our six month periods so yeah.

547
01:33:11.810 --> 01:33:22.520
Zach Strasberg: And then, finally I use the Milan of this distance formula to calculate and scores to kind of ask how similar or different or how far away, are these values from.

548
01:33:23.210 --> 01:33:28.220
Zach Strasberg: Our estimates of legacy manning, and so what you really need to know.

549
01:33:28.550 --> 01:33:38.810
Zach Strasberg: Is I call these scores when you really need to know about these scores, is that a score of zero would have identical climate to lacing Yannick and then, as the score increases.

550
01:33:39.200 --> 01:33:53.570
Zach Strasberg: It becomes more and more, the climate becomes more and more dissimilar So you can see here you have a very, very different pattern going on with an m squared 97 so.

551
01:33:55.640 --> 01:34:03.770
Zach Strasberg: The first thing I did was I looked at global, a global results, and you can see that um well first.

552
01:34:04.520 --> 01:34:14.600
Zach Strasberg: So here are the scores plotted on all the scores greater than two which I call this similar are small, and then the bigger ones that are darker or more.

553
01:34:15.200 --> 01:34:24.740
Zach Strasberg: Better modern analogues to Paleo Nana and So the first thing that you can notice is that pretty much every single modern analog climate is located in a monsoon region.

554
01:34:25.130 --> 01:34:34.370
Zach Strasberg: which highlights the uniqueness of monsoon region and kind of gives a little credence to this method, then next we look at the Asian monsoon region here.

555
01:34:35.030 --> 01:34:40.490
Zach Strasberg: And you can see that the best modern analogs of stations with the lowest scores, this is nanny right here.

556
01:34:40.820 --> 01:34:49.940
Zach Strasberg: The stations with the lowest down scores are located in the East Asian monsoon region for the most part, and the northeastern transitional area near and and in China i'm.

557
01:34:50.930 --> 01:35:02.900
Zach Strasberg: along this band one important thing to note is that stations in the west, north Pacific monsoon and the Indian monsoon are much less similar and you can see that in this graph right here.

558
01:35:03.950 --> 01:35:04.460
Zach Strasberg: Which.

559
01:35:05.600 --> 01:35:11.810
Zach Strasberg: Is the plus each monsoon read stations in each monster in region and the percentage of stations that have an m score less than two.

560
01:35:12.110 --> 01:35:20.810
Zach Strasberg: And so you can see that stations in the East Asian and monsoon in this transitional area are far more similar to Paleo manning than these other three regions.

561
01:35:22.610 --> 01:35:29.810
Zach Strasberg: So next we look at the climate characteristics of each of these modern analogs and so here the sizes are.

562
01:35:30.500 --> 01:35:46.760
Zach Strasberg: Related to am scores, to the best modern analogs our stations with less than point five, these medium size our stations with underscores Point five to two and then the really small ones are non analogs, and so there were a couple I know this is a lot to look at, there are a couple.

563
01:35:48.320 --> 01:35:50.090
Zach Strasberg: Interesting trends that you can see.

564
01:35:51.410 --> 01:36:01.730
Zach Strasberg: First, the first trend that you can see, is that you actually if you look at annual precipitation you actually have a lot of a range of modern stations.

565
01:36:02.300 --> 01:36:10.880
Zach Strasberg: that are classified as modern analogs have a higher range of precipitation annual precipitation values, so you can see stations in northern China.

566
01:36:12.050 --> 01:36:20.870
Zach Strasberg: In the northern, eastern Asia monsoon region are considered monologues but they have much less annual precipitation than stations in southern China.

567
01:36:21.530 --> 01:36:40.340
Zach Strasberg: But what you do notice is the best modern analogs in this region form along or up here along this band of ratio semi annual precipitation i'm with stations in like Eastern China not being a similar and stations in.

568
01:36:42.500 --> 01:36:47.660
Zach Strasberg: In India, not being a similar stations in western or in the western Pacific monsoon region not being a similar.

569
01:36:50.720 --> 01:36:57.740
Zach Strasberg: So the next question that we ask is how sensitive are these results to.

570
01:36:58.940 --> 01:36:59.600
Zach Strasberg: i'm.

571
01:37:00.860 --> 01:37:02.840
Zach Strasberg: Sorry there's someone on my door.

572
01:37:05.390 --> 01:37:08.480
Zach Strasberg: how sensitive are these results to.

573
01:37:10.040 --> 01:37:10.640
Zach Strasberg: um.

574
01:37:13.370 --> 01:37:25.460
Zach Strasberg: Changes in each of our estimates for each of these values, and so what I did was I recalculated these am scores for each of these five variables that we looked at.

575
01:37:26.930 --> 01:37:29.330
Zach Strasberg: and basically.

576
01:37:31.460 --> 01:37:47.510
Zach Strasberg: Then, found the 20 the 20 lowest score stations and plotted the median location and mean elevation and so a couple of things fall out of this for all simulations for summer winter and annual precipitation.

577
01:37:48.980 --> 01:37:54.710
Zach Strasberg: We have all these values set all these mean locations saying in the East Asian monsoon region.

578
01:37:56.300 --> 01:38:17.930
Zach Strasberg: um and then for most simulations of the psp annual most instruments, a psp and all you also have these values saying the East Asian monsoon region, although for very high a psp annual values you creep into the transitional area which would indicate that some stations in the Indian monsoon.

579
01:38:19.520 --> 01:38:31.070
Zach Strasberg: are better matches, and so what this can really what this really highlights is the stations in the Indian monsoon have much rainy or summers and much drier winters.

580
01:38:31.430 --> 01:38:46.850
Zach Strasberg: van our estimates for Paleo and ending and the modern East Asian monsoon region and then finally one other interesting fact is that, as you increase temperature you get much closer to the Indian monsoon region i'm.

581
01:38:47.750 --> 01:39:01.790
Zach Strasberg: going from the like Korean peninsula, when you have very cold temperature estimates to the Indian monsoon region, when you have very one temperature estimates so temperature is really.

582
01:39:02.930 --> 01:39:07.400
Zach Strasberg: An important factor in distinguishing between these monsoon regions.

583
01:39:09.200 --> 01:39:09.890
Zach Strasberg: So.

584
01:39:11.060 --> 01:39:25.160
Zach Strasberg: What one final thing to note, so all three temperature estimates that we have our for cooler temperatures these this a star is the estimate for Paleo nanning and the actual.

585
01:39:25.670 --> 01:39:36.680
Zach Strasberg: Modern day temperature is nanny China is about 22 degrees Celsius so in order for this signal to look like in a monsoon said no, we wouldn't need a much warmer temperature estimates.

586
01:39:37.340 --> 01:39:49.280
Zach Strasberg: In the range of 2526 degrees Celsius for this to look like an Indian monsoon signal, and we would need a very different conditions for this to look like a west, north Pacific munson signal.

587
01:39:51.080 --> 01:39:51.620
Zach Strasberg: So.

588
01:39:52.670 --> 01:40:09.980
Zach Strasberg: conclusions that we can draw is that this signal is most like an East Asian monsoon signal and this indicates that it is most likely that the East Asia monsoon or a similar system was present in late legacy in South China and.

589
01:40:11.180 --> 01:40:25.220
Zach Strasberg: This research also highlights how important temperature and seasonal seasonality of precipitation estimates are for distinguishing cell systems within the Asian monsoon region.

590
01:40:28.340 --> 01:40:34.280
Zach Strasberg: So I also would like to talk about some limitations and further research so.

591
01:40:34.760 --> 01:40:45.470
Zach Strasberg: One thing that this analysis kind of suffers from is a very small sample size of paleoclimate estimates, this is largely due to the legacy data gap in south and east Asia.

592
01:40:45.950 --> 01:40:56.090
Zach Strasberg: um and the only solution for that is for additional sampling required there's actually one of the one of brian's schubert's students is working on another proxy.

593
01:40:56.750 --> 01:41:11.240
Zach Strasberg: From nanning so we're hoping to get that soon and then another real interesting thing is that Asian monsoon systems are typically distinguished by timing of monsoon onset and retreat, as opposed to.

594
01:41:12.260 --> 01:41:14.030
Zach Strasberg: Simply simple values.

595
01:41:15.050 --> 01:41:19.190
Zach Strasberg: And the unfortunate thing is that the tree ring a.

596
01:41:20.300 --> 01:41:21.380
Zach Strasberg: proxy that we have.

597
01:41:22.400 --> 01:41:29.180
Zach Strasberg: does not incorporate this and so understanding the timing of precipitation is something that.

598
01:41:30.560 --> 01:41:31.010
Zach Strasberg: There is.

599
01:41:32.090 --> 01:41:42.740
Zach Strasberg: Something that could be improved with this triggering seasonality property who other limitations are that similar values are not necessarily equate to similar processes, however.

600
01:41:43.490 --> 01:42:01.580
Zach Strasberg: Many other people have used similar values to acquaint similar processes with Paleo monsoon research and, finally, this method not consider non ALA climate states that we are sure existed in the legal legacy so yeah Thank you.

601
01:42:04.280 --> 01:42:07.220
Cole Edwards: Great Thank you that was great talk and.

602
01:42:08.450 --> 01:42:12.530
Cole Edwards: yeah hope you have time to still still away and make it to your appointment.

603
01:42:13.160 --> 01:42:15.290
Zach Strasberg: yeah I can answer one or two questions if.

604
01:42:16.490 --> 01:42:17.240
Zach Strasberg: anybody has any.

605
01:42:17.630 --> 01:42:20.870
Cole Edwards: Sure, so if anyone has a question for zach.

606
01:42:23.000 --> 01:42:25.010
Cole Edwards: Go ahead and ask otherwise.

607
01:42:27.140 --> 01:42:27.620
Zach Strasberg: Go ahead.

608
01:42:30.680 --> 01:42:31.130
Zach Strasberg: JEREMY.

609
01:42:36.800 --> 01:42:37.040
Zach Strasberg: Oh.

610
01:42:58.280 --> 01:42:41.000
Cole Edwards: So I guess Thank you again if there are any questions you know, obviously all of our emails are up on.

611
01:42:41.001 --> 01:42:49.840
Cole Edwards: So I guess Thank you again if there are any questions you know, obviously all of our emails are up on.

612
01:42:51.370 --> 01:43:02.560
Cole Edwards: The GSA site so certainly anyone can get in touch with you, then, but so we are in the break now, so we will break I guess until our next speaker will start at.

613
01:43:04.060 --> 01:43:17.800
Cole Edwards: 11 o'clock so I guess feel free to get up move around do whatever or if there are people that want to kind of know about in the zoom call here, if you have questions for for the other speakers.

614
01:43:18.970 --> 01:43:22.840
Cole Edwards: We can kind of leave it open and we can have a discussion here if folks like.

615
01:44:00.970 --> 01:43:25.000
Cole Edwards: yeah so josh the schedule moving forward should be on track, we just shifted that talk up in we're just switch the break in his talk so you could make it to getting a vaccine appointment figure that's probably a good call.

616
01:43:25.001 --> 01:43:25.100
well.

617
01:43:27.290 --> 01:43:33.050
Rindsberg, Andrew: I have some feedback I attended, I guess, the first field trip yesterday morning and.

618
01:43:35.060 --> 01:43:38.030
Rindsberg, Andrew: In there were some actual advantages to holding this online.

619
01:43:39.740 --> 01:43:53.990
Rindsberg, Andrew: One of the attendees said that she was not able to travel, because she couldn't walk very well or see very well, and this had allowed her to attend a meeting that she loved to attend I recognized her voice was cramped this Crampton.

620
01:43:55.220 --> 01:43:58.940
Rindsberg, Andrew: And who's attended for years and years she could.

621
01:44:00.500 --> 01:44:01.640
Rindsberg, Andrew: So there's that.

622
01:44:03.950 --> 01:44:17.990
Rindsberg, Andrew: Although it was raining like hell in livingston yesterday and I don't know what it was doing in Columbus Georgia but, but the Columbus field trip went out that was not stopped my weather and then was a third.

623
01:44:19.820 --> 01:44:31.670
Rindsberg, Andrew: A third thing to note that this kind of field trip could have actually been in child care it it didn't have to be an Alabama or Georgia or the southeast at all.

624
01:44:33.200 --> 01:44:34.850
Rindsberg, Andrew: Which one of the participants noted.

625
01:44:36.140 --> 01:44:40.190
Rindsberg, Andrew: And another thing was that the order of field trip stops.

626
01:44:41.840 --> 01:44:43.670
Rindsberg, Andrew: was impossible I.

627
01:44:44.900 --> 01:44:48.590
Rindsberg, Andrew: We didn't go from west to east in a line we didn't go.

628
01:44:49.820 --> 01:44:52.970
Rindsberg, Andrew: In any order that would make sense in a vehicle.

629
01:44:54.200 --> 01:45:00.830
Rindsberg, Andrew: We did go in an order that made sense, with regard to the geology so so that was an advantage.

630
01:45:01.190 --> 01:45:07.460
Cole Edwards: yeah it'll be it'll be interesting if if if GSA and you know other you know meetings in that.

631
01:45:08.600 --> 01:45:19.160
Cole Edwards: can take this model moving forward, to make it more accessible to folks and when logistically but yeah interest of time cost.

632
01:45:20.270 --> 01:45:21.650
Cole Edwards: And yeah just becoming more.

633
01:45:22.430 --> 01:45:39.980
Rindsberg, Andrew: I can see that we could take field trips to a virtual field trips to places that are too dangerous sure, or where an industry like the devops was corey might not want 60 people on the outcrop that would be fine having a film crew coming months right.

634
01:45:42.020 --> 01:45:53.600
Jeremy Owens (he/him): And it certainly makes it more inclusive, as well as permitting so there's there is some big benefits, obviously I think many of us miss having some in person aspects to, but I can see a hybrid model being being something that would be useful.

635
01:45:54.050 --> 01:46:00.800
Rindsberg, Andrew: You know i'm looking forward chuck to your talk session on Moscow landing, I hope it comes off.

636
01:46:03.500 --> 01:46:11.360
Rindsberg, Andrew: Because that that has been where people are really shy shy is talking online i've noticed this with my own online classes.

637
01:46:12.470 --> 01:46:16.910
Rindsberg, Andrew: I can't get people to respond to anything oh it's.

638
01:46:17.120 --> 01:46:17.570
Brutal.

639
01:46:19.700 --> 01:46:22.640
Rindsberg, Andrew: know, are you don't know if you're doing a good job or not.

640
01:46:23.600 --> 01:46:24.890
Cole Edwards: No one laughs at my jokes.

641
01:46:28.130 --> 01:46:33.050
RISE GSA Staff: William: yeah april's worker I just check the attendance we're currently at 362.

642
01:46:34.250 --> 01:46:34.670
Rindsberg, Andrew: Okay.

643
01:46:35.360 --> 01:46:36.050
savrdce@auburn.edu: Is that good.

644
01:46:38.150 --> 01:46:44.750
RISE GSA Staff: William: You know it's not as compared to a physical meeting it's unfair to do that, but it's it's not bad.

645
01:46:45.980 --> 01:46:54.740
RISE GSA Staff: William: You know I just got done with the Northeast meeting we were about 515 normally physically, that would be about 1000 people there.

646
01:46:55.760 --> 01:47:01.970
RISE GSA Staff: William: It would have been but so we would have normally for the southeast meeting probably projected 800.

647
01:47:03.890 --> 01:47:07.160
RISE GSA Staff: William: That sort of thing seven 800 in that range so.

648
01:47:10.670 --> 01:47:14.030
RISE GSA Staff: William: it's good to have that at least 362 participating.

649
01:47:14.540 --> 01:47:17.750
Cole Edwards: yeah on April fool's day, you would think.

650
01:47:18.770 --> 01:47:19.100
yeah.

651
01:47:21.950 --> 01:47:30.560
Rindsberg, Andrew: Well, the we need the opportunities for students to beef up their resumes everything we can to stop for a year or two right.

652
01:47:31.220 --> 01:47:47.360
Cole Edwards: yeah I found you know the opportunities is actually a tremendous you know it's great for our you know i'm an undergrad only an institution in department, and you know, having students travel to these conferences, is very expensive and.

653
01:47:48.770 --> 01:47:53.870
Cole Edwards: not accessible to many so now that we can have this kind of online format, it was.

654
01:47:55.100 --> 01:48:05.450
Cole Edwards: Just great I mean the students get the so much of the experience but certainly as you mentioned beefing up a resume line or two adding a new section two resumes.

655
01:48:05.660 --> 01:48:20.000
RISE GSA Staff: William: For sure, and you know we put so much effort and student involvement that now, and I know at least with the recent northeast management board meeting having a hybrid component for folks that can't travel.

656
01:48:21.080 --> 01:48:23.420
RISE GSA Staff: William: Every year, to a physical meeting, especially in the.

657
01:48:24.530 --> 01:48:26.660
RISE GSA Staff: William: sort of thing that's a very real.

658
01:48:28.250 --> 01:48:37.280
RISE GSA Staff: William: real thing now and something that they want to put at least that section and i'm sure the other sections will too, but they something they want to continue with.

659
01:48:38.060 --> 01:48:45.080
RISE GSA Staff: William: So even if we do have a physical meeting, we have a hybrid component for those who can't attend that that's that's a positive thing.

660
01:48:46.160 --> 01:48:53.960
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Yes, I probably also, I think we might have I want to hear your opinion or others opinions but might have shied a few people away, I feel that current.

661
01:48:54.380 --> 01:49:04.010
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Virtual meeting this setup is much better than what the national GSA was I presented there and it was it was really difficult right to mean like you had.

662
01:49:04.700 --> 01:49:11.360
Jeremy Owens (he/him): You had your presentation pre recorded and then you couldn't see anything and you were asked questions anywhere like I was totally lost right.

663
01:49:12.470 --> 01:49:18.980
Jeremy Owens (he/him): And this makes a lot more sense I don't know if it'll be scalable but it a lot lot better, and I think it's a much.

664
01:49:20.360 --> 01:49:33.710
Jeremy Owens (he/him): More inviting place for everybody to be so I hope that maybe students will come back you know cuz I think some of them didn't I know I had some of my group that didn't want to do the same thing over and so I think, maybe having better experiences will be great.

665
01:49:34.700 --> 01:49:46.790
RISE GSA Staff: William: yeah that's valuable feedback I we've learned a lot since the annual meeting and we realized, you know and a lot of ways, less is more, you know, keep it simple.

666
01:49:48.620 --> 01:49:53.930
RISE GSA Staff: William: You know, have face to face, just like we're doing now and and keep a little simpler without all the.

667
01:49:56.090 --> 01:49:57.620
RISE GSA Staff: William: bells and whistles and.

668
01:49:58.850 --> 01:50:02.570
RISE GSA Staff: William: seem like that seems like we're sort of on the right track for that now.

669
01:50:04.550 --> 01:50:04.730
savrdce@auburn.edu: i'm.

670
01:50:06.080 --> 01:50:10.940
savrdce@auburn.edu: Sorry go ahead i'm just gonna say I missed the ice breakers in my my drink tickets.

671
01:50:13.610 --> 01:50:15.260
Jeremy Owens (he/him): you're you're commenting seems like.

672
01:50:15.890 --> 01:50:24.830
Shane Schoepfer: Oh yeah just that I, I agree with what you were saying about national GSA I think the zoom formats, a lot better we've all gotten used to it over the past year.

673
01:50:25.790 --> 01:50:37.580
Shane Schoepfer: I know for me at least I didn't really make an effort to learn how the national GSA software worked until about five minutes before I needed to start using it, and I think a lot of people are in the same boat.

674
01:50:38.690 --> 01:50:41.630
Shane Schoepfer: So I think this is a step in the right direction for sure.

675
01:50:47.180 --> 01:50:48.440
Rindsberg, Andrew: I did have one problem.

676
01:50:50.510 --> 01:50:53.930
Rindsberg, Andrew: I knew, you were going to race sheets of paper and it's only.

677
01:50:54.860 --> 01:50:56.930
Rindsberg, Andrew: When I was running out of time I couldn't see that.

678
01:50:57.080 --> 01:51:02.450
Rindsberg, Andrew: yeah because I had a trip the head that area minimized and I wasn't even thinking of that I.

679
01:51:04.670 --> 01:51:05.330
Rindsberg, Andrew: Have a clock.

680
01:51:05.870 --> 01:51:06.200
Right.

681
01:51:07.400 --> 01:51:12.770
Cole Edwards: That was probably an art kind of training to run this, they said, you know.

682
01:51:14.210 --> 01:51:21.320
Cole Edwards: Maybe they'll see your screen but probably should just have the speakers have their own little stopwatch going in can see that but.

683
01:51:21.890 --> 01:51:25.580
Rindsberg, Andrew: You could intrude with a little beep except you can do that.

684
01:51:25.850 --> 01:51:31.640
Cole Edwards: yeah I mean we could probably unmute us and just kind of talk over the person, but that seems a little bit too invasive.

685
01:51:32.660 --> 01:51:41.150
Rindsberg, Andrew: Oh um as far as the sound system goes I know if you see at the bottom, if you click on mute.

686
01:51:42.380 --> 01:51:43.610
Rindsberg, Andrew: It gives you a menu.

687
01:51:44.810 --> 01:51:55.100
Rindsberg, Andrew: On the little arrow next to mute I mean you can select a microphone and i've experimented with that and find that if you want to show a video, you have to switch to.

688
01:51:55.280 --> 01:51:56.540
Rindsberg, Andrew: scenario makes.

689
01:51:59.810 --> 01:52:02.630
Rindsberg, Andrew: The sound would be sound system is a lot better.

690
01:52:03.710 --> 01:52:08.420
Rindsberg, Andrew: With stereo mix and if you try to just run it on your own computers.

691
01:52:08.930 --> 01:52:09.350
Right.

692
01:52:12.350 --> 01:52:14.120
Rindsberg, Andrew: But the problem is, you have to stop.

693
01:52:15.020 --> 01:52:15.800
Rindsberg, Andrew: it's intrusive.

694
01:52:21.050 --> 01:52:22.460
Rindsberg, Andrew: Well, where to get some coffee.

695
01:52:23.870 --> 01:52:24.500
Cole Edwards: breaks for.

696
01:52:25.640 --> 01:52:26.240
Rindsberg, Andrew: What back.

697
01:52:26.300 --> 01:52:28.790
Cole Edwards: 1025 minutes here.

698
01:52:29.180 --> 01:52:32.060
savrdce@auburn.edu: At 1111.

699
01:52:32.690 --> 01:52:33.590
Rindsberg, Andrew: Look at the our.

700
01:52:34.190 --> 01:52:34.670
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Happy hour.

701
01:52:35.270 --> 01:52:35.630
Cole Edwards: I know.

702
01:52:36.200 --> 01:52:37.310
Rindsberg, Andrew: Just enough time, thank you.

703
01:52:40.130 --> 01:52:39.000
Shane Schoepfer: 11 Eastern.

704
01:52:39.001 --> 01:52:47.420
Cole Edwards: OK, so now that it is as i've just learned a local time to over 10 o'clock and we're ready for our.

705
01:52:48.860 --> 01:52:50.780
Cole Edwards: resume the session here, so we have.

706
01:52:52.100 --> 01:53:11.360
Cole Edwards: sand or ricketts sharing screen, thankfully, and is going to give us a talk on entitled late paleocene too early eocene karthik clay deposit of the red Bank group northern billy's Central America so send or please share with us your work.

707
01:53:13.130 --> 01:53:31.070
Sandor Ricketts: Good morning, and hope everybody can see the screen, yes, my name is Sandra rick is a recent graduate from auburn university, where I looked at it period seen classic deposit in pay a deposit in Belize my work was with Dr king.

708
01:53:32.090 --> 01:53:33.620
Sandor Ricketts: Before I get into it, I want to thank.

709
01:53:34.760 --> 01:53:55.430
Sandor Ricketts: Because MARS and Daniel Larson who both assisted with the work that was done for the thesis work now, this is not know my mentor people by is located just south of Mexico and east of what a mala the work was done in a northern portion of police.

710
01:53:56.690 --> 01:54:02.120
Sandor Ricketts: it's called a course out Benson where I looked at clear deposits.

711
01:54:06.350 --> 01:54:15.950
Sandor Ricketts: A short three coloration vision faces changes to have a dark Gray time and I already said this was initially looked at by Dr king.

712
01:54:16.550 --> 01:54:24.260
Sandor Ricketts: Now for previous work it had the clear deposit as a relatively thin deposit across the northern part of bullies.

713
01:54:24.770 --> 01:54:40.010
Sandor Ricketts: In 2005 when they're mostly started doing hydrocarbon exploration in which they encountered play over 1000 feet take about 200 meters plus or minus so Dr Kim decided to take a quick look at it, where he.

714
01:54:41.180 --> 01:54:51.320
Sandor Ricketts: got some fossils from it to the age bidding on it, where he got a rough he did have early years into lip piercing whereas previous work had it as my oC.

715
01:54:51.800 --> 01:54:58.970
Sandor Ricketts: So I decided know his work was done pretty much on outcrop so we expanded it by looking at subsurface work.

716
01:54:59.600 --> 01:55:06.500
Sandor Ricketts: Know approximately 68 well is that we're drilling to for hydrocarbon experts on how to create and lemon.

717
01:55:07.100 --> 01:55:19.730
Sandor Ricketts: And they were divided into three categories wells that had clay on the surface on surface and within the limestone and just within the limestone So these are pretty much where the wells are located.

718
01:55:20.900 --> 01:55:33.920
Sandor Ricketts: Now, in order to take in order to do the investigation, I did some picture graphic work in which we identify the types of segments that were that were in the cleaning up of fossils that were identified.

719
01:55:35.240 --> 01:55:46.730
Sandor Ricketts: know, we had a variety of carbonates involved in Dolomites Mike we cried limestone and then the silica framework framework silica ladder first part pageant is in court course grains.

720
01:55:47.630 --> 01:55:57.680
Sandor Ricketts: they're all grouped together to get an average range of what sediments were each well to try and get an estimate of variation or faces changes throughout the world.

721
01:55:58.160 --> 01:56:14.420
Sandor Ricketts: This is what it looked like each one of these columns represents a different well and then the changes that were noticed during in them covenants dominated as you would imagine you had variations in covenant content in the players, the grants.

722
01:56:15.710 --> 01:56:30.980
Sandor Ricketts: Korea was next, and you have minor modes of sand involved, but I had to honor present the clear, because during the drilling process created to mix with the Greens as they're coming up, so it caused issues in terms of identifying them.

723
01:56:32.330 --> 01:56:42.800
Sandor Ricketts: Then I did some sort of the work know in preparation for the xr the samples, we had to get rid of the Cabinet, so I did a quick plot of.

724
01:56:43.250 --> 01:56:56.630
Sandor Ricketts: Carbon variations from one world to another, the dark blue or press on the blue represents the cabinets, as it gets lighter than you're looking at a more or less cabinet which zone, so this is what it looks like for each well.

725
01:56:57.740 --> 01:57:04.460
Sandor Ricketts: I looked at the Greens in terms of the quantity and the size of the grains and how they varied.

726
01:57:04.910 --> 01:57:10.850
Sandor Ricketts: within each well or from each well now you're going to see that flip between slides are back because I needed to get it in order.

727
01:57:11.570 --> 01:57:23.090
Sandor Ricketts: Now for the actual extra the analysis outcrop and subsurface samples all contain these three types of period like modern life and the core right.

728
01:57:23.810 --> 01:57:38.870
Sandor Ricketts: And then, what I noticed is that some of the surface samples were missing others know this venn diagram kind of shows which samples contained which clears, this is the standard peak that was used for identifying them.

729
01:57:40.880 --> 01:57:44.870
Sandor Ricketts: Know figure that any surface samples that were missing the.

730
01:57:45.950 --> 01:57:48.230
Sandor Ricketts: Some of the kids that was new to weathering.

731
01:57:50.180 --> 01:58:01.130
Sandor Ricketts: No structure graphic analysis was done using contact values between clay and limestone in the wells, and then that was used with aren't map to plots of.

732
01:58:02.960 --> 01:58:15.740
Sandor Ricketts: contact between the clay and the limestone, so this is roughly what we have a line hair so pretty much based on the well data that clay was localized in.

733
01:58:16.250 --> 01:58:26.750
Sandor Ricketts: Just one area with another and believe that thickness of it, and then the contact very hard peaks and depressions indicating unconfirmed contact between the.

734
01:58:27.170 --> 01:58:43.970
Sandor Ricketts: play and underlying limestone you had multiple cross cutting faults in purple throw the area, and then they appear to be someone fall bonus towards the North East and somewhere north west and south east of the deposit.

735
01:58:45.980 --> 01:58:58.820
Sandor Ricketts: striker graphic data I then called sea level data from Miller, based on the time that they're not a fossils indicated that clear was the positive.

736
01:58:59.300 --> 01:59:13.070
Sandor Ricketts: Which is here between NP 10 and NP nine know that short relatively the cost of care within cars and he had some deposits that appeared to be within channels.

737
01:59:13.910 --> 01:59:28.100
Sandor Ricketts: So the by traffic bias tracker graphic information indicated that the thicker and thicker deposits are within the same age range, which would indicate that the deposition happened pretty much at the same time, because Initially it was thought that.

738
01:59:28.670 --> 01:59:36.170
Sandor Ricketts: Okay, you had limestone and you had clipping deposit on top and and limestone again based on transfers and irrigation a seed.

739
01:59:36.620 --> 01:59:49.700
Sandor Ricketts: But getting this edge data and having same age between your thick cars and within your channels so just that it was all at the same time, what in the clear washed into the channels.

740
01:59:50.240 --> 02:00:04.850
Sandor Ricketts: Now the p also had some gypsum which, based on the time frame would equate to about possibly the thermo maximum between paleocene eocene which would have caused a drawdown on water levels and then that would result in.

741
02:00:05.480 --> 02:00:13.520
Sandor Ricketts: gypsum being formed know if you look on the map on the right of course line is actually of air know the blue.

742
02:00:55.460 --> 02:00:57.320
Jeremy Owens (he/him): I think we have lost him.

743
02:01:01.340 --> 02:01:01.880
Sandor Ricketts: Hello.

744
02:01:03.200 --> 02:01:03.830
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Are you there.

745
02:01:04.160 --> 02:01:05.570
Sandor Ricketts: yeah i'm here i'm not sure.

746
02:01:06.920 --> 02:01:09.110
Sandor Ricketts: zoom zoom.us sign out and sign back in.

747
02:01:09.770 --> 02:01:13.490
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Okay, I guess free sharing and kind of stuff everywhere.

748
02:01:13.760 --> 02:01:15.380
Sandor Ricketts: Oh Okay, no problem.

749
02:01:17.150 --> 02:01:18.830
Sandor Ricketts: yep so as I was saying.

750
02:01:20.060 --> 02:01:29.570
Sandor Ricketts: The nano fossil data pretty much gave a time for the position of the clay, however, it did not indicate exactly when the cars would have been formed.

751
02:01:29.930 --> 02:01:36.710
Sandor Ricketts: When I look further back on the time scale that I thought there was a low Stan period in which the air would have been exposed.

752
02:01:37.100 --> 02:01:46.160
Sandor Ricketts: And you could have weathering know, as I mentioned before you had a variety of faults running across era now if it was heavily faulted you have had.

753
02:01:46.760 --> 02:01:58.520
Sandor Ricketts: As weakening our deterioration of the of the limestone now, as you can see it's east of what Mr and you have a number of river systems running through the air and so, if you have.

754
02:01:59.090 --> 02:02:07.190
Sandor Ricketts: Low Stan increasing water flow would not fall to the area, you have excessive weathering off the limestone which would have.

755
02:02:08.930 --> 02:02:09.470
Sandor Ricketts: Hello.

756
02:02:09.650 --> 02:02:12.110
Cole Edwards: yeah are you there you're you're not sharing screen actually.

757
02:02:12.470 --> 02:02:14.180
Sandor Ricketts: i'm not sorry give me a second.

758
02:02:15.230 --> 02:02:16.220
Cole Edwards: that's a good story.

759
02:02:18.800 --> 02:02:20.060
Sandor Ricketts: All right, let me.

760
02:02:20.360 --> 02:02:21.140
Sandor Ricketts: switch back.

761
02:02:28.970 --> 02:02:29.330
Sandor Ricketts: yeah.

762
02:02:30.350 --> 02:02:30.830
Sandor Ricketts: ship.

763
02:02:32.180 --> 02:02:33.110
Sandor Ricketts: Can you see it oh.

764
02:02:34.070 --> 02:02:35.330
Jeremy Owens (he/him): it's guys come up now.

765
02:02:35.390 --> 02:02:39.110
Sandor Ricketts: we're good yeah i'm dead zone kicked out everything, a while ago.

766
02:02:40.700 --> 02:02:53.900
Sandor Ricketts: Yes, as I was saying, the low side period here, is where the cost would have formed with the fresh water coming in and fractured limestone causing excessive weathering that would give you.

767
02:02:54.440 --> 02:03:12.260
Sandor Ricketts: a depth of plus or minus 1000 feet, however, actual single ever changed plus or minus 100 feet, because the elevation of it is relatively low majority of the cost side is at or below sea level so for to get that far in plus or minus 300 feet you'd have had.

768
02:03:13.850 --> 02:03:28.430
Sandor Ricketts: or C level to come in closer, monitor and your feet for that elevation and then forced to have a depth of 1000 feet, it would have been excessive weathering off fractured limestone now in combining all this information.

769
02:03:32.420 --> 02:03:35.810
Sandor Ricketts: I ended up with this thought of.

770
02:03:38.270 --> 02:03:41.930
Sandor Ricketts: Not combining this information, this is the old crop.

771
02:03:43.340 --> 02:03:44.390
Sandor Ricketts: Of the deposit.

772
02:03:46.700 --> 02:03:52.010
Sandor Ricketts: The wells that I looked at concentrated here, because these are where to our fees are located.

773
02:03:52.490 --> 02:04:05.660
Sandor Ricketts: Spanish the code and never delete so a lot of information was gathered from here all the arrows lacks information because, as you know, for exploration that they're gonna drill pretty much where you have a lot of oil has been located.

774
02:04:07.640 --> 02:04:17.870
Sandor Ricketts: Discussion conclusion wise and because our business predominant a limestone had your cabinet exploration encoder take deposits of clay and it was in a cursed.

775
02:04:18.560 --> 02:04:27.680
Sandor Ricketts: With this cars, does not have any official impression Who would ever you would not know that accounts over 1000 feet, is there because all the infill clay.

776
02:04:28.850 --> 02:04:47.780
Sandor Ricketts: And the clay was the definition of the clear was affected by both regional and global scene of a changes tectonic activity also enhance the depth of the cars, allowing for this much K, to the park to deposit and then this resulted different finishes.

777
02:04:49.670 --> 02:04:57.740
Sandor Ricketts: Oh, this is a catch as to what the deposit looks like where you have different channels are filled in filled with clay.

778
02:04:59.240 --> 02:05:06.260
Sandor Ricketts: And although wells, we had channels that were not in filled with period, therefore, the last circulation during those wells.

779
02:05:06.950 --> 02:05:26.120
Sandor Ricketts: Now other thing that we noticed is that the deposit would have taken place within a relatively low energy marine environment, based on its distance from the coastline and based on the modeling of where sea level would have been at that time the fosters also indicated and marine environment.

780
02:05:27.380 --> 02:05:40.790
Sandor Ricketts: that the position was influenced by transcription and regression, creating a sequence or multiple fishes and then had a freshwater influence which was also noted in blogs, where you had.

781
02:05:42.140 --> 02:05:44.960
Sandor Ricketts: terrestrial deposits, along with your marine deposits.

782
02:05:46.580 --> 02:05:56.180
Sandor Ricketts: That this is just an overview off work that was done on a thesis it was obviously cut down to the time frame here, are there any systems.

783
02:06:02.090 --> 02:06:03.350
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Some time for questions.

784
02:06:15.980 --> 02:06:17.900
Sandor Ricketts: cool edwards as your hand up.

785
02:06:18.530 --> 02:06:21.230
Cole Edwards: Oh no i'm trying to figure out how to turn the clapping off.

786
02:06:24.050 --> 02:06:24.590
Cole Edwards: Sorry.

787
02:06:33.020 --> 02:06:34.670
Rindsberg, Andrew: It just turns off by itself.

788
02:06:36.890 --> 02:06:45.260
Rindsberg, Andrew: Well Sander when you can't think of any other question to ask there's always this standard one, what are you going to do next, with this research.

789
02:06:53.930 --> 02:06:54.380
Rindsberg, Andrew: Hello.

790
02:06:56.720 --> 02:06:57.920
Jeremy Owens (he/him): sandy are you still there.

791
02:07:02.840 --> 02:07:03.320
Rindsberg, Andrew: i'm away.

792
02:07:10.460 --> 02:07:12.500
Sandor Ricketts: i'm at the university and it keeps signing oh.

793
02:07:13.940 --> 02:07:15.290
Sandor Ricketts: i'm not sure why it's dropping out.

794
02:07:16.130 --> 02:07:18.320
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Okay sandy did you get a question Sandra.

795
02:07:18.410 --> 02:07:19.550
Sandor Ricketts: No, I didn't hear it actually.

796
02:07:20.030 --> 02:07:24.470
Rindsberg, Andrew: In your home, what do you intend to do next, in your research, please.

797
02:07:25.880 --> 02:07:26.330
Sandor Ricketts: um.

798
02:07:27.980 --> 02:07:43.880
Sandor Ricketts: In terms of this research, if we can get more information or more deposit information, then we can expand our get a little bit more detail in terms of the fishes but i'm not sure how much more was a mature in the area to pretty much get a better idea of the face she's.

799
02:07:45.650 --> 02:07:46.250
Rindsberg, Andrew: Right rancor.

800
02:07:51.680 --> 02:07:52.670
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Did you have a question.

801
02:07:53.750 --> 02:08:07.550
savrdce@auburn.edu: Yes, and or a nice talk the you mentioned that think in your one of your concluding slides that tectonics may have contributed to some degree, could you elucidate on that a little bit more.

802
02:08:10.250 --> 02:08:12.860
savrdce@auburn.edu: Maybe with the referring to the.

803
02:08:14.960 --> 02:08:15.260
savrdce@auburn.edu: The.

804
02:08:15.920 --> 02:08:18.320
savrdce@auburn.edu: base and situation and that sort of thing and.

805
02:08:18.740 --> 02:08:22.910
savrdce@auburn.edu: And the the intervening range in between those patients.

806
02:08:24.170 --> 02:08:32.600
Sandor Ricketts: Okay, why i'm figuring that tonics would have had great our rule on depth off the cars.

807
02:08:34.070 --> 02:08:42.650
Sandor Ricketts: sea level didn't fall as much as 1000 feet, however, the cars itself in some areas when don't trouble 1000 feet.

808
02:08:43.040 --> 02:08:55.580
Sandor Ricketts: know what i'm figuring is because of heavy faulting breaking up the limestone It made it a little bit easier to be dissolved by freshwater as it came down.

809
02:08:56.060 --> 02:09:04.550
Sandor Ricketts: Because if you're looking at it once you start developing that kind of thing, it would appear to be like a waterfall within the cost that would increase.

810
02:09:05.330 --> 02:09:13.940
Sandor Ricketts: weathering off the limestone within that area, because the map that you have right here, you have a number of river systems flowing into where the.

811
02:09:14.570 --> 02:09:34.970
Sandor Ricketts: Past was developed now also based on that you have a bunch of channels, where that what would have flowed out, we have increased depth this on the River system where, then the cars are based in creating accommodation space for your kid to be deposited.

812
02:09:36.860 --> 02:09:51.740
savrdce@auburn.edu: Okay, why why you have that slide up um you mentioned early on, there were really kind of three at least based on color three Stacey she had the dark rate of black you add the red and I can't remember what.

813
02:09:52.400 --> 02:09:53.540
savrdce@auburn.edu: yeah i'm sorry.

814
02:09:54.740 --> 02:10:14.810
savrdce@auburn.edu: yeah is there any relationship between those colors or your faces to what might have gotten deposited in a large depression in an ester in or comparable environment versus what appeared to have been deposited in these elongate.

815
02:10:16.190 --> 02:10:20.510
savrdce@auburn.edu: cave systems that you're showing in this cross sectional profile.

816
02:10:21.320 --> 02:10:28.370
Sandor Ricketts: I did attempt to take a look at the color changes, but some of them are so subtle.

817
02:10:29.060 --> 02:10:44.450
Sandor Ricketts: That it would have been hard to differentiate to say yes, this fish is got because that this depth and correlate across because I did attempt on several occasions, to do our color correct will finish is called a curl correlation but it proved a little bit difficult.

818
02:10:45.590 --> 02:10:50.900
Sandor Ricketts: Because a lot of the main problem with that would have been is the resolution of the data because.

819
02:10:51.530 --> 02:10:59.690
Sandor Ricketts: The samples were collected, but it wasn't bulk sample collection, it was small amounts, so I only got a small amount from each one's i'm not looking at a.

820
02:11:00.080 --> 02:11:18.740
Sandor Ricketts: Consistent from surface down to 1000 feet i'm looking at probably 100 foot gap between samples or 30 foot gap between samples or, in some cases 200 foot between samples, so the resolution was a little bit for in order to give me a nice transition of qualifications.

821
02:11:22.790 --> 02:11:23.330
savrdce@auburn.edu: Just.

822
02:11:24.470 --> 02:11:33.050
savrdce@auburn.edu: One would expect there to be differences in the in the clay, where you're showing that thick.

823
02:11:34.280 --> 02:11:38.240
savrdce@auburn.edu: lod label clay field cars versus something that.

824
02:11:39.470 --> 02:11:43.670
savrdce@auburn.edu: You have deposited in one of these deep.

825
02:11:44.870 --> 02:11:45.260
savrdce@auburn.edu: A.

826
02:11:46.850 --> 02:11:50.390
savrdce@auburn.edu: solution tunnels are what I call them.

827
02:11:55.280 --> 02:12:05.660
savrdce@auburn.edu: Because what you've got is Esther Esther and muds infiltrating into these elongate caves Is that how you interpret that.

828
02:12:11.690 --> 02:12:12.320
savrdce@auburn.edu: where'd you go.

829
02:12:13.040 --> 02:12:14.240
Jeremy Owens (he/him): I think we lost him again.

830
02:12:19.910 --> 02:12:27.020
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Well, I mean we're pretty pretty close to to being up on time for the next speaker anyways.

831
02:12:39.200 --> 02:12:39.770
Sandor Ricketts: Hello.

832
02:12:41.090 --> 02:12:43.940
Jeremy Owens (he/him): hi Sandra I think we're gonna switch to the next speaker.

833
02:12:43.970 --> 02:12:45.800
Sandor Ricketts: yeah i'm not sure what's happening with the audio.

834
02:12:46.280 --> 02:12:50.900
Jeremy Owens (he/him): yeah so so joshua you can go ahead and share your screen.

835
02:12:53.450 --> 02:12:55.460
Joshua: One second my second.

836
02:12:58.070 --> 02:13:00.620
Jeremy Owens (he/him): issue, so our next speaker.

837
02:13:02.900 --> 02:13:04.070
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Is joshua broussard.

838
02:13:05.360 --> 02:13:15.770
Jeremy Owens (he/him): From Mississippi State University and his talk is going to be on complex photography of the cretaceous period gene boundary in northern Mississippi.

839
02:13:18.410 --> 02:13:19.610
Joshua: Alright, as a sharing time.

840
02:13:20.840 --> 02:13:23.600
Jeremy Owens (he/him): You have, we can see it, but we don't have the.

841
02:13:23.630 --> 02:13:25.670
Joshua: presenter actual slideshow there we go okay.

842
02:13:26.660 --> 02:13:28.370
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Perfect perfect good.

843
02:13:29.000 --> 02:13:40.190
Joshua: Okay, so, as mentioned on joshua broussard i'm a graduate student Mississippi State University and what i'm talking about today is something that we've accidentally sort of found with my main thesis research.

844
02:13:40.550 --> 02:13:48.500
Joshua: Which is on microphone of the early clayton early Paleo gene in Mississippi because it hasn't really been studied in Mississippi.

845
02:13:48.860 --> 02:13:54.050
Joshua: i'll go over another spot where it has been studied just ever so briefly, but this talk isn't more on the.

846
02:13:54.410 --> 02:14:09.170
Joshua: barna it's more on the strategic if you have a certain site that we have found in the starkville area, so a lot of there's going to be focused on star villages, because a lot of that happens outcrop there and it was convenient for my research to be there because I was in state already.

847
02:14:11.660 --> 02:14:19.340
Joshua: Just a quick refresher the cretaceous Paleo gene boundary as it occurs in the southeast and somewhat of the Midwest us.

848
02:14:19.940 --> 02:14:31.790
Joshua: is usually considered the Mississippi and payment previous coastline, which had this rudimentary map of basically the Mississippi and payment right here, and all these red dots are where we have noticed it in outcrop.

849
02:14:32.420 --> 02:14:38.150
Joshua: In the southern United States so here's start over here, this is where most of the focus of my research is.

850
02:14:38.450 --> 02:14:45.560
Joshua: And i'm gonna talk real quick about Moscow landing, which is considered to be probably the best outcrop of the kp G and the southeast and.

851
02:14:45.920 --> 02:15:02.300
Joshua: Probably the best in the United States, and I think it's fair to say that so mosca landing is a long outcrop of KPMG strata or lake spacious or early a mustard can mean excuse me, actually paging sentiments that occur off Tom being the river.

852
02:15:03.650 --> 02:15:13.100
Joshua: So this is me and George Phillips out there are quite a while back, but you can see, when the water is low enough what i'm walking on is roughly the top of the variable off our latest slave cretaceous.

853
02:15:14.210 --> 02:15:23.330
Joshua: unit and then up above it's the clayton, and this is such a complete unit that extends all the way up to the top of the clayton into the lower porter's creek which is further up into the payload.

854
02:15:24.860 --> 02:15:37.490
Joshua: So it must go landing, one of the notable features is there's plenty of faulting lots of the little sections of it are bound by faults lots of really long false lots of some low angle false it's really messy stuff there.

855
02:15:38.390 --> 02:15:47.090
Joshua: was really notable is the top of the prairie bluff and our latest cretaceous is usually denoted in the southeast by what we call or what.

856
02:15:47.690 --> 02:15:58.850
Joshua: i've politically called the borrowed glare or burrowed boundary and what it is, is a layer of just absolutely swarms of these dark Gray burrows and the top of the free book.

857
02:15:59.360 --> 02:16:09.380
Joshua: And this is usually in eroded surface the contacts with the lower clayton our earliest failing to Union and usually in a lot of places the claim just contacts with it's simple.

858
02:16:10.100 --> 02:16:14.720
Joshua: White grayish color morals, but in some cases we get these really sporadic and awesome.

859
02:16:15.350 --> 02:16:25.100
Joshua: course to find find a course channel sand deposits and these can be laminated sand deposits like you see here jetting out at Moscow landing, this is a closer picture of one.

860
02:16:25.310 --> 02:16:29.030
Joshua: And you get these really nice lamb nations in some really nice bedding structures.

861
02:16:29.450 --> 02:16:36.620
Joshua: And what's notable about these is in the lower layers you can actually get layers of microspheres little small clay replace pellets.

862
02:16:36.950 --> 02:16:47.480
Joshua: That are largely attributed to be possibly fallout from the chicks will impact, there are some studies that say such and it seems to be able to lot of people, except that they are.

863
02:16:48.440 --> 02:17:01.310
Joshua: The same bodies can also occur is just these absolute a massive large better units and in these we found a lot of reworked pretty bluff things, ranging from gravel sighs all the way up to a few boulder sizes and Moscow landing at least.

864
02:17:03.740 --> 02:17:07.250
Joshua: For the crease pillaging and boundary northern Mississippi is.

865
02:17:07.430 --> 02:17:17.810
Joshua: Like I said a little more mundane we don't see a lot of a sand bodies, this is probably the most complete outcrop in the star ville area, and this is the one that I haven't used mostly for my research when working with fossils.

866
02:17:18.140 --> 02:17:23.810
Joshua: Because it's one tends to weather out most of them, but this one is probably the most complete section, we have in starkville area.

867
02:17:25.070 --> 02:17:37.040
Joshua: Things see here, we have just a little tiny bit of the variable of being exposed at the bottom of the outcrop it's actually a little bit beneath where the picture showing in this image and then we have a few layers of those lower plane models.

868
02:17:38.120 --> 02:17:42.320
Joshua: lots of different fossil horizons, too, but like I said this is more on this retainer fee.

869
02:17:44.420 --> 02:17:54.620
Joshua: So, in a few places in starkville we have balanced them in the sand bodies, this is a channel Santa we found in starkville proper it was further east than anybody would have thought that.

870
02:17:54.770 --> 02:18:01.340
Joshua: We would be able to find these we didn't expect to find this it was really cool totally founded by accident it's happening drawn by one day.

871
02:18:02.210 --> 02:18:07.010
Joshua: But we took a Saturday and actually mapped it out with probes and flags.

872
02:18:07.730 --> 02:18:19.580
Joshua: So what you're seeing here is the full extent of that channels, and so the flags are marking the furthest flames of the Channel San and one thing you know with all these channels and bodies is the tend to trend, east and west.

873
02:18:20.600 --> 02:18:28.250
Joshua: But what you're actually seeing here, this is a great, this is a field that was great at all during construction sometime probably in the 90s from the best I could tell with Google map images.

874
02:18:29.210 --> 02:18:34.130
Joshua: But this used to be a complete U shaped oval shape channels and body.

875
02:18:34.850 --> 02:18:42.800
Joshua: And then, once that grading of the field came along a pretty much scrape the top layer off more we're seeing is just that really bottom layer of the Channel okay.

876
02:18:43.430 --> 02:18:51.440
Joshua: But this is more of a it's neat but it's this is more of a really basic one but it's proof that the same body still exists here all the way over and Mississippi.

877
02:18:53.390 --> 02:19:02.360
Joshua: Now, the new our crop that we have found on accident occurs in a creek bed just outside of starkville and we found this by correlating.

878
02:19:03.050 --> 02:19:12.620
Joshua: Via geologic maps from us usgs and Mississippi department of environmental qualities official Mississippi geologic now.

879
02:19:13.130 --> 02:19:25.640
Joshua: We correlate a where there are approximately might be some kp GMO crops and we spent a weekend and a half of creek walking and literally last week we went if we ended up finding.

880
02:19:26.270 --> 02:19:33.830
Joshua: This really stellar outcrop of the KPMG so what we're looking at here is, we have a stream.

881
02:19:34.700 --> 02:19:44.330
Joshua: That flows going of leafs yes good flow is going South and not exactly South it's a little bit it's a creek is going to be moved around quite a bit.

882
02:19:44.750 --> 02:19:50.480
Joshua: But our first our crowd which we consider be our primary one is the first one, we found this is the one that really stood out.

883
02:19:51.140 --> 02:20:02.570
Joshua: And outcrop and the second one, we found with our most recent trip there this outcrop we actually didn't find like subtle recently, but this one is nonetheless still pretty spectacular and we'll see why i'm just say.

884
02:20:03.740 --> 02:20:04.100
Joshua: So.

885
02:20:05.480 --> 02:20:14.630
Joshua: The better the creek is that top burrowed swarm layer of the prairie bluff so we have lots of those really nice burrows and you can see just how absolutely.

886
02:20:15.140 --> 02:20:25.160
Joshua: Numerous these burrows are, this is a completely swarmed with these burrows, but this is the top of the prayer blood, and this is as we're walking upstream of the creek.

887
02:20:26.570 --> 02:20:28.850
Joshua: And this is the actual outcrop itself that we have found.

888
02:20:29.450 --> 02:20:42.320
Joshua: So in this image, you can kind of see we have some fault bound sand channel box here, so we have a shallow fault, right here, you see this brain is the prey bluff it's a little wet so it's a little bit darker than it usually shows up in our crop.

889
02:20:42.950 --> 02:20:52.850
Joshua: But this is a low angle fall here, and this is another fault here and what's bounded between them is a big chunk of that lower clayton now we get in a little bit closer.

890
02:20:53.480 --> 02:21:04.760
Joshua: We can see, we have several different horizons of that sandstone body, as these excuse me, as these parallel layers and, above all, we have those lower plate models with lots of little burrows.

891
02:21:06.110 --> 02:21:09.050
Joshua: This is when the outcrop was cleaned up so you can actually see this a little bit better.

892
02:21:10.250 --> 02:21:15.200
Joshua: here's an image up close, you can kind of see some of those microspheres poking out right here on the surface.

893
02:21:15.950 --> 02:21:20.540
Joshua: And what's neat is, we have some of these services will create these legends like this they're just a little bit more.

894
02:21:21.080 --> 02:21:28.880
Joshua: resistant and some of them are not so much this right here this layer right here is actually really lose you can almost kind of REACH into full sandalwood your just your fingers.

895
02:21:31.280 --> 02:21:41.930
Joshua: This is a little bit better image from after we completely cleaned up the outcropping the same trip, we found the other outcrop and one thing to notice it's kind of hard to see on this image, but this is a big piece of reward for a bluff on.

896
02:21:42.230 --> 02:21:56.000
Joshua: The client side of the fault quote unquote claim this side of the fault, right here and there's also some really brush aided supposed to be a good term for really chunky jagat fragments of the prairie bluff and the clayton Samara here.

897
02:21:58.400 --> 02:22:08.810
Joshua: This is a little bit better image from before we cleaned it off this really shows that little lens of sand at the base of clay now prop when you see that fault really well in this one.

898
02:22:10.220 --> 02:22:24.710
Joshua: This is not close image of that sandstone bearing the spheres, they can see all these little tiny grains and here, these are all those little microspheres that have been clay replaced over time and they are absolutely everywhere in this sandstone.

899
02:22:26.630 --> 02:22:34.280
Joshua: here's a piece that i've extracted from that ledge out part of the outcrop that really resistant sandstone Larry can see some of those fears and this one as well.

900
02:22:35.150 --> 02:22:39.770
Joshua: As some right here and right here and right here like I said just everywhere in the sandstone.

901
02:22:40.640 --> 02:22:45.890
Joshua: here's some that i've individually picked out of some loose and from the outcrop you can see these cereals are.

902
02:22:46.490 --> 02:22:52.190
Joshua: Just wild in their configuration yes summit around somewhere dumbbell shaped some teardrop shaped.

903
02:22:52.820 --> 02:23:07.790
Joshua: Some more elongated some kind of egg shaped these are really, really interesting far as just how varied they are, and some of them like this one, right here have been replaced with green sorts of clay and some of them are more.

904
02:23:08.810 --> 02:23:15.080
Joshua: classy ish it's it's really interesting like the variety of just this feels alone, I might be a good project for somebody in the future.

905
02:23:16.220 --> 02:23:21.230
Joshua: here's an SEM images I got I squared at on the six days campus of some of the spheres.

906
02:23:22.640 --> 02:23:34.250
Joshua: Taking see they have tiny little pot marks all in known from if these were micro tech ties supposedly where gases was trapped with was trapped in them originally as they fell back towards earth and cool.

907
02:23:36.020 --> 02:23:45.860
Joshua: Another thing that we find here is late night there are quite a few little interested it's extremely sporadic but in the sand occasionally you'll find pieces of lignite little tiny pieces, like this one, right here.

908
02:23:46.760 --> 02:23:50.540
Joshua: And if you're lucky, you might be able to find a larger chunk like this, when I.

909
02:23:54.230 --> 02:24:00.410
Joshua: said sporadic, but these do occur and that's the very base of the clay and that early Paleo Jane you know.

910
02:24:01.490 --> 02:24:10.250
Joshua: So this is really cool, this is a rip up class that I got from that outcrop this wrap up class if you turn it over has pot marks all over it from those microspheres.

911
02:24:11.420 --> 02:24:25.040
Joshua: This is a really interesting little rip of class and occasionally we get the clay replaced fossils these are really, really brittle and when they're when they have the texture of soap so extracting us now crop is is a little difficult.

912
02:24:26.840 --> 02:24:39.560
Joshua: But here is a figure that i've created that shows an overview of what you're seeing in the pictures, because it is a little hard to see with the pictures, but you see this is just absolutely messy as far as.

913
02:24:40.880 --> 02:24:49.010
Joshua: Just geology and figure fee wise, we have those different sand layers we have different layers within the sand layers and this one right here, I.

914
02:24:50.060 --> 02:24:56.480
Joshua: i've noticed that this one right here tends to kind of pinch out but also continue to the edge of the outcrops where that fault is.

915
02:24:56.870 --> 02:25:07.790
Joshua: And over here, we have some of that sand has been reworked into the sand layer itself but it's also been reworked into the late models of higher like I mentioned before we have next to that fault over here some of those really.

916
02:25:09.080 --> 02:25:12.350
Joshua: yeah good fragments of the for a bluff here and some reward boulders.

917
02:25:14.720 --> 02:25:27.140
Joshua: For the second outcrop we sound like I mentioned, with the last time we were out there, this one, despite being not that far away it's about 550 feet downstream is pretty different than the other one.

918
02:25:28.070 --> 02:25:42.740
Joshua: So this one right here, you can see, is not as it doesn't have as much layering as the other one does it doesn't have the straight parallel layers, but we still see we have some of those sand layers right here, and we have some clayton moral up above it.

919
02:25:43.940 --> 02:25:51.680
Joshua: If we look close, we can see some really crazy things going on with a bunch of really large pieces of the prairie bluff reworked into the sand.

920
02:25:51.890 --> 02:26:07.790
Joshua: And here's some more of those jag of fragments just kind of stuck over here, but this is one big chunk of the very blood needs to have some sand layers some this dark orange sand penetrating down or not necessarily penetrating but seeming to in the outcrop.

921
02:26:09.740 --> 02:26:13.430
Joshua: is another image of that we get these little lenses over right here and.

922
02:26:14.540 --> 02:26:25.640
Joshua: All over So this is the other our crowd, this is the second one, this is the figure of that one, you can see, with this one, this one did I don't think was in the pictures but there's another big piece of the rework variable of here.

923
02:26:26.720 --> 02:26:35.060
Joshua: Excuse me reworked San rework saying within the late models, we have some of that Perry bluff challenge we have some of the same reworked into the sand.

924
02:26:35.480 --> 02:26:39.530
Joshua: And there were a few pieces of rewards very bluff a little bit higher up in the sand.

925
02:26:40.100 --> 02:26:47.390
Joshua: And this one wasn't in the picture well because it's a little bit hard to get the camera to the right angle to get both the faults in the frame, we have a.

926
02:26:47.900 --> 02:26:57.770
Joshua: fault way at the edge outcrop and we have another shallow one really bounding that bottom, the other side of the outcrop with that bottom layer that sense.

927
02:27:01.340 --> 02:27:18.770
Joshua: So another little thing that I noticed this isn't integral to the other two outcrops but about right here, just before you get to the the first main out crowd if you're walking from downstream, there is a tiny little exposure of some of the sand on the.

928
02:27:19.790 --> 02:27:30.320
Joshua: On the eastern side of the River and it's like so it's just a small exposure was notable about this one is it had a really nice rip up class to in it, and it also had some really nice piece of late night in it.

929
02:27:31.190 --> 02:27:40.460
Joshua: So it just occurs really sporadically but even in the small area where this one locale is occurring we're seeing quite a variation in this charity.

930
02:27:41.630 --> 02:27:52.280
Joshua: So why is this important it's pretty similar to other features that we see a place like Moscow ending and, as some of those other more documented sites and like I mentioned, and just small area we're seeing a massive variation.

931
02:27:52.730 --> 02:27:56.210
Joshua: And some of this photography and what's going on here.

932
02:27:56.870 --> 02:28:04.970
Joshua: Also, this is some really excellent preservation of as lower plane beds, like, I mentioned that one layer is pretty much just loose and you can basically scoop out and the other ones tend to stay.

933
02:28:05.270 --> 02:28:18.920
Joshua: pretty well preserved and preserve this feels pretty well and it's just it's just messy it's just really complex as far as um how this how this is an area we didn't think we would even find this boundary.

934
02:28:20.690 --> 02:28:24.050
Joshua: there's one more thing I want to bring up really quickly, because I know i'm running short on time.

935
02:28:24.290 --> 02:28:32.180
Joshua: This is something else, George Phillips, and I just started talking about, but we start to see in the late Mr Kim Perry bluff we have actually found in the service area.

936
02:28:33.140 --> 02:28:47.300
Joshua: A few of these, this is the avalon out avalon apartments outcrop if many of you have been here before, this is a pretty well known outcrop for exposing of the variable but at this outcrop itself, there are these silk channel sands channel deposit something.

937
02:28:48.740 --> 02:28:57.710
Joshua: And these have only been found in a cold place in starkville this this site, and one that has been covered up due to construction or the only places where we found these.

938
02:28:58.550 --> 02:29:08.930
Joshua: And they're somewhat analogous maybe they occur in about the same part of the prey bluff as the done a crime, this crime noise which occur only a certain specific.

939
02:29:09.320 --> 02:29:21.410
Joshua: locale in October Hawk county area, and I believe one other spot north of October hall county but what are these are related we don't know this is just some were speculating but I figured it would be something, then, to also discuss.

940
02:29:23.690 --> 02:29:24.320
Joshua: The questions.

941
02:29:26.060 --> 02:29:27.080
Joshua: Now there's a little fast.

942
02:29:29.810 --> 02:29:33.440
Cole Edwards: Thank you so much JESSICA yeah we have we have time for a question or two.

943
02:29:38.300 --> 02:29:38.750
savrdce@auburn.edu: yeah.

944
02:29:39.230 --> 02:29:41.090
savrdce@auburn.edu: yeah joshua.

945
02:29:41.810 --> 02:29:48.620
savrdce@auburn.edu: Alright joshua we're really interesting stuff it'd be fun to come over and take a look at those with you sometime.

946
02:29:50.180 --> 02:29:57.620
savrdce@auburn.edu: i'm glad that you mentioned the the Moscow landing at the beginning of your talk just a shameless plug.

947
02:29:59.360 --> 02:30:03.620
savrdce@auburn.edu: there's a field trip on the mosque and landing section.

948
02:30:05.660 --> 02:30:22.670
savrdce@auburn.edu: that's accessible now and the discussion section or session for that will be tomorrow from four to five but he's a really interesting deposit i'm really surprised to see the abundance of cereals in in one of those Sam bodies or two of them that you've got there.

949
02:30:24.620 --> 02:30:34.250
Joshua: Oh yeah it's it's something like I said we didn't expect to find there we did it was it was a welcome surprise, but um yeah you should come check.

950
02:30:35.210 --> 02:30:43.760
Joshua: out some time George and I are planning on going out there, possibly in May again we're still thinking about it because we've already taken a few other people out there to do.

951
02:30:44.810 --> 02:30:51.350
Joshua: Additional research on their projects with jpg but we haven't really done any big large scale like.

952
02:30:52.370 --> 02:30:53.090
Joshua: tours or.

953
02:30:54.560 --> 02:30:56.450
Joshua: I guess Expos days of the locale yet.

954
02:30:57.800 --> 02:31:07.070
savrdce@auburn.edu: Would it be interesting to visit Moscow landing, but right now we'd have to swim under 4040 feet of water, I think today to see the exposure.

955
02:31:07.700 --> 02:31:08.180
yeah.

956
02:31:10.010 --> 02:31:17.390
Cole Edwards: there's a question in the chat by Tom Tobin asking what are the land ownership and access considerations for those two creek states.

957
02:31:18.470 --> 02:31:35.900
Joshua: The land the access and Mississippi um there's there's a technicality with waterways, I believe, but the landowner that owns the property that this creek is on we have contacted before and he is okay with us using that creates to go up and down.

958
02:31:37.130 --> 02:31:45.890
Joshua: We have any contact him before, though, because that landowner has had a problem because it's it's this world it's been it's outside of star bill and more some more parts they've had.

959
02:31:46.310 --> 02:31:56.630
Joshua: Problems with people trespassing and writing a TVs and tearing up their property, but they were pretty receptive to us going out there and doing scientific research so.

960
02:31:58.040 --> 02:31:58.610
Cole Edwards: Great.

961
02:31:59.480 --> 02:32:01.220
Cole Edwards: And one last question.

962
02:32:01.910 --> 02:32:09.650
Cole Edwards: So marker as could the features in the creek exposures be Paleo gene Paleo liquefaction features related to the faulty.

963
02:32:11.720 --> 02:32:21.890
Joshua: that's a pretty good question and I blinked out something we kind of conjectured like I said, this is just this is relatively new the the second outcrop itself we didn't find until.

964
02:32:23.120 --> 02:32:31.550
Joshua: I want to say was August of last year, so we haven't really discussed it very much and we haven't really found somebody to be willing to take on.

965
02:32:32.300 --> 02:32:41.240
Joshua: Just strictly looking at this trigger fee of it, but I, I really hope somebody does in the future, because this is it's it's really incredible to be honest.

966
02:32:42.830 --> 02:32:43.340
Cole Edwards: yeah.

967
02:32:44.990 --> 02:32:45.350
mark carter: Nice.

968
02:32:46.970 --> 02:32:47.510
mark carter: From.

969
02:32:54.560 --> 02:32:54.890
mark carter: here.

970
02:32:58.610 --> 02:32:59.930
mark carter: Two or three that and.

971
02:33:01.220 --> 02:33:02.330
mark carter: They could be some type of.

972
02:33:03.410 --> 02:33:09.560
mark carter: preserve liquefaction feature, so I was impressed with your with your outcrop.

973
02:33:10.580 --> 02:33:12.440
mark carter: diagrams they look really, really.

974
02:33:16.310 --> 02:33:17.630
Cole Edwards: Did you hear much of that just.

975
02:33:18.020 --> 02:33:23.090
Joshua: I heard someone bit about the the liquefaction features part but.

976
02:33:23.390 --> 02:33:26.360
Joshua: My first sorry the first half of the cut off from me.

977
02:33:26.750 --> 02:33:36.500
Cole Edwards: yeah so maybe, perhaps you could know, in the interest of time, I will move on, we have a poster next but maybe mark and joshua you guys can get me to other in the chat.

978
02:33:38.060 --> 02:33:38.750
Cole Edwards: So.

979
02:33:38.990 --> 02:33:39.560
Let me.

980
02:33:40.880 --> 02:33:50.870
Cole Edwards: figure out what i'm doing here, so our next and final talk this is actually going to be our first he poster, so this is.

981
02:33:52.490 --> 02:33:54.200
Cole Edwards: Hopefully, showing here.

982
02:33:56.600 --> 02:33:57.530
and

983
02:33:59.840 --> 02:34:02.420
Cole Edwards: Now I need to figure out how to do the audio part.

984
02:34:11.330 --> 02:34:27.620
Cole Edwards: I think this will work so so first poster is we actually have shown areas and even getting presenting so there's a little video here posters entitled developing a feces model or early triassic Seamount in the pan, plastic ocean.

985
02:34:27.770 --> 02:34:28.940
Jeremy Owens (he/him): And then, I believe.

986
02:34:29.540 --> 02:34:34.310
Cole Edwards: She shopped for this here, he will have time to answer any questions that people have them.

987
02:34:35.930 --> 02:34:38.000
Shane Schoepfer: The students are here to answer questions as well.

988
02:34:38.150 --> 02:34:38.870
Cole Edwards: Okay, great.

989
02:34:41.840 --> 02:34:42.710
Cole Edwards: And I need to get.

990
02:34:49.430 --> 02:34:50.720
Jeremy Owens (he/him): You gotta keep your microphone on.

991
02:34:52.970 --> 02:34:53.930
Cole Edwards: Let me start that over.

992
02:34:55.610 --> 02:35:07.070
Cole Edwards: And i'm using Daddy and we've been working with Carolina to program students and faculty in order to develop a fancies model trap and seeing them in the temple ethic ocean.

993
02:35:08.360 --> 02:35:13.820
Cole Edwards: Following the incoming mass extinction event responsible for the last over 80% of our era.

994
02:35:14.480 --> 02:35:21.080
Cole Edwards: smiting maximum marking the hottest enroll the early drastic reduction computer for each other with 33 Celsius.

995
02:35:21.500 --> 02:35:35.390
Cole Edwards: Judgments section is now part of the classic exclusionary complex okay British Columbia Canada underneath he reveals this section to a form to Nick really scrappy following this meeting thermal maximum time for allowing us to learn about the offer initially.

996
02:35:36.530 --> 02:35:41.900
Cole Edwards: The map finger on the right shows, whether the reception in relation to pangea.

997
02:35:44.000 --> 02:35:47.240
Cole Edwards: sample refers collected and ship, the Western Carolina.

998
02:35:47.600 --> 02:36:01.700
Cole Edwards: Here you can see pictures of the field extradition, after which two paths diverged for geochemical analysis primary carbonate was isolated edge crushed dissolved in centrifuge before being known for those the ICP.

999
02:36:02.570 --> 02:36:06.950
Cole Edwards: Molar concentration of calcium and magnesium are calculated from the resulting.

1000
02:36:08.390 --> 02:36:23.870
Cole Edwards: sample for Patrick graphic analysis we're talking Center Wagner pressure, perhaps within seconds we're direct verisign it Alexander you for being returned for Western Carolina based on optical character is to compare sample for organized into several my capacities.

1001
02:36:25.730 --> 02:36:33.530
Cole Edwards: geochemical with was a graphic analysis our samples indicate that our sample early Dome today as well, getting getting really ultra.

1002
02:36:34.070 --> 02:36:44.390
Cole Edwards: geochemical analysis by the ACP data in the Kingdom is an answer important shortly following deposition non scoring methodology for also consistent to the total information.

1003
02:36:44.990 --> 02:36:48.440
Cole Edwards: I traffic analysis supports the interpretation that are built for for the forming.

1004
02:36:48.980 --> 02:36:53.810
Cole Edwards: Those samples do not take significant time the same except remains associated with genesis.

1005
02:36:54.110 --> 02:37:07.280
Cole Edwards: and diving and it features such as but in parallel sidelines prospect all my features indicating domination with early and occurred prior to compaction samples, despite compaction our minimum culture, as evidenced by the lack of response.

1006
02:37:09.590 --> 02:37:16.070
Cole Edwards: at those can be characterized by restricted with you know future separated from the open ocean by an accumulation seven.

1007
02:37:16.790 --> 02:37:25.760
Cole Edwards: growth of the structures is promoted by rapid accumulation of independence and the lack of exchange with the ocean meets the hyper so entities within the within future.

1008
02:37:26.300 --> 02:37:41.780
Cole Edwards: Concentration of magnesium ions and the solution allows for the formation burden for me build my kindle looking at this solution permeates through the actual it may call it the dough implementation calcium carbonate signature, that is progressively weaker with distance from the weekend.

1009
02:37:42.980 --> 02:37:48.980
Cole Edwards: I will be on my face us are characterized by pervasively personalization and the parents greenhouse effect, like.

1010
02:37:49.670 --> 02:37:56.570
Cole Edwards: A ring platform is associated with an extra bases and are characterized by event bright student horse and along it an extra.

1011
02:37:57.260 --> 02:38:08.900
Cole Edwards: bases offering to the structure extreme analytical nation and become increasingly don't get outdoors revitalize we see way we met a child, you can still make much sense so.

1012
02:38:11.360 --> 02:38:18.590
Cole Edwards: These microphones and maybe place with them, they have a model in order to create our pricing model of the judgment session the insurance.

1013
02:38:19.070 --> 02:38:30.380
Cole Edwards: can be characterized by pervasive recrystallization this is surrounded by a sub area national flag which allows for the formation of evaporates which or later people might.

1014
02:38:31.070 --> 02:38:39.110
Cole Edwards: Following this, we begin the scenes dramatically lemonade and become increasingly digital def likely in order to compete for somebody.

1015
02:38:39.650 --> 02:38:51.260
Cole Edwards: In the deepest regions of a model vc higher concentration of calcium mcrae in Council spheres, this is evidence that don't tithe influence did not for me this far and are inviting.

1016
02:38:52.820 --> 02:39:01.610
Cole Edwards: To briefly highlight our main points JASMINE section was productive enough to remain in the folks and despite low by advice Lincoln small numbers are on.

1017
02:39:02.030 --> 02:39:19.130
Cole Edwards: The analysis of our samples is consistent, the total information based on GEO political education for for six or samples remain relatively unaltered, and what for the stress conditions were expecting from lax limiting influence referral based upon the fact they're young boys and.

1018
02:39:21.590 --> 02:39:31.910
Cole Edwards: we'd like to thank the fallen people for helping our project Dr out Fisher Dr Charles Anderson stuff there any hagen Kevin Cunningham mandy goggle the staff that lactic acid.

1019
02:39:33.170 --> 02:39:37.070
Cole Edwards: Thank you for taking the time we'd be happy to answer any questions you may have.

1020
02:39:42.260 --> 02:39:44.810
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Alright, thanks guys have a great day poster.

1021
02:39:45.830 --> 02:39:46.760
Jeremy Owens (he/him): So please.

1022
02:39:47.780 --> 02:39:49.070
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Get asked me questions.

1023
02:39:49.280 --> 02:39:52.910
Cole Edwards: If you want me to stop sharing i'm not sure if I could show the whole poster but.

1024
02:40:02.420 --> 02:40:03.140
Cole Edwards: we'll figure it out.

1025
02:40:07.370 --> 02:40:10.940
Shane Schoepfer: I think people should be able to open the poster in their browser if they want to see the whole thing.

1026
02:40:29.210 --> 02:40:35.990
Cole Edwards: So, I guess, one thing I noticed that was interesting with the little model or the sketch diagram.

1027
02:40:37.370 --> 02:40:40.910
Cole Edwards: You shoot an arrow and the subsurface showing the direction of development ization.

1028
02:40:42.230 --> 02:40:48.170
Cole Edwards: Is that the direction that you think the flow is going through the rocks or is that kind of opposite I guess.

1029
02:40:50.480 --> 02:41:01.280
Sean Arias: that's pretty much just salt water that's sort of penetrating through the carbon platform and going to continually go in the tires and and caused this reaction change of you know i'm saying originally.

1030
02:41:01.640 --> 02:41:08.210
Cole Edwards: Okay, so closing density driven thing, and not so much sucking water up as a separation is OK.

1031
02:41:23.210 --> 02:41:27.170
Jeremy Owens (he/him): So do you know if there's any future plans to use this for any other research.

1032
02:41:28.190 --> 02:41:41.090
Sean Arias: um so i'm currently doing my independent study on total organic carbon on as well as nitrogen isotopes of the judgment section on more so just understanding.

1033
02:41:41.510 --> 02:41:58.190
Sean Arias: And oxy and the extent of it within the pathologic and also to understand like what the main sort of nitrogen fixers were especially since nitrogen fixation is so common something that's super taxing now, but something that was super important than as a result of the lack of.

1034
02:42:00.200 --> 02:42:01.730
Sean Arias: The term environment for the time.

1035
02:42:19.880 --> 02:42:26.840
Jeremy Owens (he/him): And if anybody else has any questions you can put them in the chat if you need to but not maybe a minute or so.

1036
02:42:35.090 --> 02:42:46.820
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Well, I want to thank everybody for attending our virtual session and I really would like to thank all the presenters in a wide range of both.

1037
02:42:48.200 --> 02:42:53.960
Jeremy Owens (he/him): You know, live versions and recorded and he posters I think everybody did great job.

1038
02:42:55.430 --> 02:42:59.480
Jeremy Owens (he/him): and, hopefully, only a few minor little glitches here and there, and so I think.

1039
02:43:00.200 --> 02:43:07.040
Jeremy Owens (he/him): I really want to thank everybody for for doing such a great job and also having having questions and being curious about lots of other research so.

1040
02:43:07.760 --> 02:43:15.170
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Hopefully, everybody feels that it was a success, and hopefully the rest of the conference goes similar so.

1041
02:43:16.010 --> 02:43:26.870
Jeremy Owens (he/him): and ideally if people are, it seems that the session like I said we've we've kind of had versions of it last few years seems like people are interested in hopefully we can keep it going and other people can pick up.

1042
02:43:28.190 --> 02:43:41.000
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Being being the the convenience as well, and hopefully in person will will see even greater numbers, as we have before I was actually impressive the numbers, we had even with the undercoat situation so.

1043
02:43:42.110 --> 02:43:52.040
Jeremy Owens (he/him): We will hope to see everybody next year and I know some somewhat similar session so thanks everybody and hopefully you guys have a great rest of GSA.

1044
02:43:52.880 --> 02:43:53.540
savrdce@auburn.edu: Thank you guys.

1045
02:43:57.290 --> 02:43:59.840
Rindsberg, Andrew: Thanks to the organizers so let's give them a hand.

1046
02:44:02.360 --> 02:44:13.970
Jeremy Owens (he/him): And I think this is open for an hour, so I should say I don't if people want to stick around and ask questions or chat which is somewhat difficult in zoom there's too many, but but potentially if you would like to.

1047
02:44:35.810 --> 02:44:36.110
Benjamin Gill (he/him): Yes.

1048
02:44:40.310 --> 02:44:49.280
Cole Edwards: yeah usually GSA is a time when we can just say all right you're off for the week or someone will fill in but now we don't really have that excuse to.

1049
02:44:50.810 --> 02:44:52.940
Cole Edwards: steal away for a whole week.

1050
02:44:53.690 --> 02:44:54.770
Benjamin Gill (he/him): yeah fortunately.

1051
02:44:57.470 --> 02:45:05.000
Benjamin Gill (he/him): Our school did away of spring spring break, but they spread all the days out throughout the Semester now so they don't even have that week break and spring too so.

1052
02:45:05.600 --> 02:45:08.270
Cole Edwards: yeah we have no break we have tomorrow off, but.

1053
02:45:09.920 --> 02:45:11.810
Cole Edwards: it's not really much.

1054
02:45:13.790 --> 02:45:15.470
Cole Edwards: But it does keep us all, safe and.

1055
02:45:16.970 --> 02:45:19.190
Cole Edwards: Focus, I guess, and getting to the Semester so.

1056
02:45:21.860 --> 02:45:22.640
savrdce@auburn.edu: old, are you.

1057
02:45:23.360 --> 02:45:24.680
Cole Edwards: i'm at appalachian state up.

1058
02:45:28.460 --> 02:45:30.740
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Here definitely we have we didn't have spring break either.

1059
02:45:31.820 --> 02:45:33.890
Jeremy Owens (he/him): You can do everybody's missing it.

1060
02:45:35.330 --> 02:45:39.620
Jeremy Owens (he/him): So long long haul it is better just for the safety but.

1061
02:45:43.130 --> 02:45:51.290
Jeremy Owens (he/him): It actually the weird thing about this, I don't know how else if you haven't had this but for Grad students and undergrads or to kind of finished the seas are crowd.

1062
02:45:53.030 --> 02:46:03.170
Jeremy Owens (he/him): office didn't give us they didn't give them extra week, so we actually lost a week being able to like you know do revisions and get things in and it's actually been pretty catastrophic and a lot of.

1063
02:46:08.300 --> 02:46:13.070
Jeremy Owens (he/him): wouldn't think a week would matter, but when all these deadlines get so tight, it was a big deal.

1064
02:46:14.270 --> 02:46:14.600
Cole Edwards: or.

1065
02:46:15.170 --> 02:46:22.310
savrdce@auburn.edu: or any of you involved in your respective summerfield courses and how is that covert affected you guys.

1066
02:46:24.590 --> 02:46:34.640
Cole Edwards: So we are university, we have a program where we typically go to Italy every year or every other year but with international travel, we had to make.

1067
02:46:35.240 --> 02:46:50.270
Cole Edwards: Other plans we've been thinking for a while of running a more domestic trip, and so what we're going to do actually this year is the first three weeks of the field campus going to be kind of digital and students are going to get kind of like a.

1068
02:46:51.380 --> 02:47:03.110
Cole Edwards: tutorial I guess using GIs remote sensing and probably I guess coupling that so looking at some of the sections, we may visit in the field and try and see like, how can we do feel geology.

1069
02:47:03.530 --> 02:47:14.510
Cole Edwards: they've been in the field, so that should be a pretty interesting and exciting way to give them those skills, but then the last three weeks of the camp we're actually we're going to drive up to Montana.

1070
02:47:15.620 --> 02:47:21.680
Cole Edwards: and use the sections that have like dylan you you Western I guess and.

1071
02:47:22.940 --> 02:47:24.770
Cole Edwards: give them some sort of field experience there.

1072
02:47:25.790 --> 02:47:43.040
savrdce@auburn.edu: You know we've managed to convince the folks here at auburn to all of the we had to cancel feel camp this past summer, but for this summer, all of the students who are attending few camp, this coming summer are already have been vaccinated.

1073
02:47:43.970 --> 02:47:44.600
savrdce@auburn.edu: And so.

1074
02:47:44.900 --> 02:47:52.250
savrdce@auburn.edu: It won't be so bad cramming them into vehicles for our trip out West and that sort of thing sailboats and.

1075
02:47:56.330 --> 02:48:01.160
Benjamin Gill (he/him): Illegal ours, the option of this, some of them are still attending field camp other ones we gave them research.

1076
02:48:01.970 --> 02:48:15.710
Benjamin Gill (he/him): They will the subsequent research experience during the fall and spring semester, so I got to students when i'm taking out the local our local outcrop that's like a couple kilometers long that we're logging and he's going to sample did you some analysis.

1077
02:48:16.820 --> 02:48:24.770
Benjamin Gill (he/him): But that's it's going to be his substitute for going to feel camp so i'm trying to bring as much as possible but veggies you can different.

1078
02:48:25.280 --> 02:48:31.130
Benjamin Gill (he/him): experiences, but he doesn't mean I could eat like this little we have some structural component and stuff like that, but there's not the not the whole thing.

1079
02:48:32.150 --> 02:48:34.670
Benjamin Gill (he/him): We all have a similar program where you take some of our students, we.

1080
02:48:35.060 --> 02:48:43.820
Benjamin Gill (he/him): As part of their field camp credit they can get credit for field camp last other courses in the fall semester, they go to Switzerland and then go on a tour through Italy and some other locations in Europe.

1081
02:48:44.240 --> 02:48:49.790
Benjamin Gill (he/him): But that's been that's been was cancelled, last year I think they're trying to go ahead with similar sort of sense they have to be vaccinated.

1082
02:48:50.330 --> 02:48:55.190
Benjamin Gill (he/him): To be able to go on that unbelief, we have to the fault for the get them into that we get all.

1083
02:48:55.910 --> 02:49:05.810
Benjamin Gill (he/him): The facts and all sort of things, so I think it's still out there, recruiting students, right now, so they need a minimal amount to build to do the program, but I think it looks like it's going to happen to.

1084
02:49:06.500 --> 02:49:07.520
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Anyone you guys doing.

1085
02:49:09.110 --> 02:49:14.450
Shane Schoepfer: Well, Western Carolina we don't require field camp, but I teach the university Washington field camp every.

1086
02:49:14.450 --> 02:49:25.880
Shane Schoepfer: summer and they're still waiting to make an announcement so last year we we did an all digital field camp kind of based around the dylan sections.

1087
02:49:26.390 --> 02:49:45.320
Shane Schoepfer: With a lot of Google earth work and there are some modules out there with photos of a lot of the detailed sediment illogical photos of the various units and it overall I feel like it worked reasonably well, given the fairly short notice to prepare it, I think that.

1088
02:49:47.690 --> 02:49:57.650
Shane Schoepfer: It would need to be improved by some more lead time and someone going out there and producing a lot of content, specifically for that purpose, I think there's still an opportunity for someone to do that.

1089
02:49:58.640 --> 02:50:06.710
Shane Schoepfer: And really blanket the area with photos such that the students could get a better idea of what they're looking at in different places.

1090
02:50:08.540 --> 02:50:18.440
Shane Schoepfer: But yeah that's um it's it's sort of a combination of Google earth for the kind of the crude mapping stuff and then moving to GIs to digitize their maps, as the final step.

1091
02:50:24.920 --> 02:50:26.870
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Yes, it's tough there's no like.

1092
02:50:28.070 --> 02:50:37.190
Jeremy Owens (he/him): US it's in, as we all know, all of us to do, do some sort of field working pictures pictures never do it justice hard to wrap your head around it, you don't get there yeah.

1093
02:50:38.270 --> 02:50:40.070
Cole Edwards: Normally it's one of the safest.

1094
02:50:40.850 --> 02:50:49.580
Cole Edwards: things we could do in terms of doing our trade our curriculum, but the logistics of crime and everyone and suburbans and trading across country really.

1095
02:50:51.590 --> 02:50:56.480
Cole Edwards: cataracts any outdoor air exposure experienced.

1096
02:51:02.000 --> 02:51:02.270
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Go ahead.

1097
02:51:02.960 --> 02:51:08.930
Joshua: Oh sorry I was, I was saying last year Mississippi state have to cancel their summerfield camp, because I was, I was supposed to be the ta.

1098
02:51:09.620 --> 02:51:22.040
Joshua: going for it and kind of excited obviously and we were actually getting them ready, just before the pandemic happened we brought some students over to North Alabama to practice in field mapping and all that stuff and collecting.

1099
02:51:23.300 --> 02:51:26.330
Joshua: data and then cove it happens and.

1100
02:51:27.500 --> 02:51:36.770
Joshua: yeah and i'm more fuel camps, so it turned out only I think it was three students needed it like absolutely needed to graduate that year, so.

1101
02:51:37.280 --> 02:51:46.670
Joshua: I want to say two of them did a digital one um did a individual project with a professor, I think that's how we ended up doing that and the other ones just waited until.

1102
02:51:47.690 --> 02:51:54.350
Joshua: I suppose this year so yeah exactly fingers crossed we'll see how they do it, but.

1103
02:51:55.700 --> 02:51:58.100
Joshua: But, thankfully, though we actually had a couple.

1104
02:51:59.420 --> 02:52:12.260
Joshua: We had a PhD student and then we had a colleague of mine another graduate student they have both done a project, both for his PhD and for her masters, were they were.

1105
02:52:12.740 --> 02:52:29.030
Joshua: photo digitally photographing creating 3D models of samples and 3D images of areas, including the area where we did field camp that was one of the areas, the PhD student in for his was there, he did feel camp, so that made the digital component, a little bit easier.

1106
02:52:35.000 --> 02:52:35.510
awesome.

1107
02:52:37.280 --> 02:52:39.290
savrdce@auburn.edu: Well, thank you all again i'm gonna bug out.

1108
02:52:39.830 --> 02:52:40.370
yeah.

1109
02:52:41.450 --> 02:52:42.710
Shane Schoepfer: Another meeting to go to.

1110
02:52:43.070 --> 02:52:47.000
Jeremy Owens (he/him): yeah can we should get you involved on on you know, in the session.

1111
02:52:47.270 --> 02:52:51.050
Shane Schoepfer: Moving forward yeah yeah i'd be happy to be involved in convening next year.

1112
02:52:51.710 --> 02:52:58.880
Jeremy Owens (he/him): I mean it's just a revolving group of people there's no like I just let it up this year only because it was like we were like hey nobody's done it sounds like i'll just.

1113
02:52:59.360 --> 02:53:06.050
Jeremy Owens (he/him): i'll just throw something together, so you know it's not really like I don't need to be involved necessarily or have to be so as long.

1114
02:53:06.350 --> 02:53:07.670
Cole Edwards: baton to end up is there.

1115
02:53:08.870 --> 02:53:17.240
Jeremy Owens (he/him): as well, but the point is is a lot of somebody who's doing a session like this right, and some people are it's easier for a few more people are involved, just because we never know what our schedules are so people can share but.

1116
02:53:18.680 --> 02:53:24.680
Jeremy Owens (he/him): But you know whoever's doing it through just kind of keep people in Luke and I think you know it'd be great to have have you on that as well.

1117
02:53:25.160 --> 02:53:26.090
Shane Schoepfer: yeah that sounds great.

1118
02:53:27.950 --> 02:53:35.270
Jeremy Owens (he/him): i'll keep that in mind if if we start already organizing ourselves the last you know, two hours before it's due.

1119
02:53:37.370 --> 02:53:41.090
Cole Edwards: yeah well it doesn't maybe well yeah I think he had a day before.

1120
02:53:42.230 --> 02:53:58.580
Jeremy Owens (he/him): yeah we've been previously we've also tried to just have Grad students do it, and that was that's also probably would have been for anyways but, given the situation didn't happen this year, so you know it could be a mixture of things so we'll just make sure we keep going in on that.

1121
02:53:59.510 --> 02:54:00.290
Shane Schoepfer: Alright, thanks.

1122
02:54:01.760 --> 02:54:06.410
Jeremy Owens (he/him): good to see you and i'm sure you'll be hearing from us from Sean soon.

1123
02:54:07.310 --> 02:54:07.760
Shane Schoepfer: All right.

1124
02:54:08.840 --> 02:54:09.110
Shane Schoepfer: Good.

1125
02:54:09.710 --> 02:54:11.180
Jeremy Owens (he/him): awesome thanks call.

1126
02:54:11.630 --> 02:54:13.100
Cole Edwards: Thank you, Jeremy that's great.

1127
02:54:14.000 --> 02:54:15.440
Jeremy Owens (he/him): But glad somebody stuck around.

1128
02:54:17.000 --> 02:54:18.500
Cole Edwards: i've got nothing to do today.

1129
02:54:18.560 --> 02:54:26.390
Cole Edwards: This is my non teaching days, so all of that waiting for me is a bunch of grading and email so i'd rather spend my morning doing this stuff.

1130
02:54:28.040 --> 02:54:31.160
Jeremy Owens (he/him): yeah unfortunately those other things don't go with them yeah.

1131
02:54:31.280 --> 02:54:31.640
Cole Edwards: Oh yeah.

1132
02:54:33.470 --> 02:54:39.380
Cole Edwards: All right, good to see you again and yeah until next time, hopefully it's a in person.

1133
02:54:39.740 --> 02:54:42.020
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Yet sounds good sounds good we'll see you guys.

1134
02:54:42.080 --> 02:54:42.620
Jeremy Owens (he/him): Thanks everybody.

1135
02:54:44.090 --> 02:54:43.000
Cole Edwards: Take care.