Laura Bilenker: get off um Thank you all for being here and for your interest in fluids melts and metals, we had envisioned this as a home for higher temperature researchers and then also or forming systems and so we've got just a really great spectrum of research in those areas.
Laura Bilenker: Just some logistics, we have different talk blocks separated by a couple of breaks and posters at the end, so if you've been attending the conference.
Laura Bilenker: This is familiar to you, but just so you know our breakdown is going to be a block of three talks and then a transition for 10 minutes so get up shake your sillies out.
Laura Bilenker: A preschool teacher, used to say that, and then a block of for talks that'll go from 245 to about four o'clock little after then we'll have a 15 minute break.
Laura Bilenker: So, again get up take your feelings out if you want to hang around and chat more in zoom that's great too, and then we'll have a poster block of two posters and then some concluding discussion remarks in terms of questions.
Laura Bilenker: Whatever works for you works for us, so you can raise your hand if you have that capability in zoom you can enter into the chat for everyone, or directly to me or blinker or Tom hudgens.
Laura Bilenker: And we can facilitate the top questions or you should feel free to turn on your video and unmute yourself and ask your questions directly.
Laura Bilenker: um what else.
Laura Bilenker: Okay, so that's the logistics and then I guess just to introduce us so i'm a an assistant professor at auburn university and the Department of geosciences and my background is in.
Laura Bilenker: Economic geology mostly in higher temperature system so understanding how metals moving it concentrated in in magnetic and volcanic related systems.
Laura Bilenker: In particular, I am a an isotope geochemist so I use a lot of metal stable isotopes to unravel those processes and then my co convener Tom.
Tom Hudgins: There so i'm Tom legends i'm an associate professor at the University of Puerto Rico my ios and.
Tom Hudgins: My research interests and sort of shifted and moved over time, but it started with understanding volatiles in the mantle through all of the nose mouth inclusions.
Tom Hudgins: and moving more into magma Chamber processes magnetic plumbing systems, all the way up to intrusive bodies at the surface, now a lot of gratitude work and looking at some higher temperature or deposits associated with some of these gratitude intrusions.
Tom Hudgins: So that's that's me.
Laura Bilenker: Thanks um and I guess just to let you guys know a little bit about the other people in the room, so we've got people presenting here.
Laura Bilenker: On research from all over the world, so our first talk touches on Alaska and then we'll go to China will kind of ping pong around the United States in Puerto Rico as well, and then.
Laura Bilenker: yeah so we've got participants from Mississippi South Carolina Alabama Puerto Rico and if you don't mind in the last few minutes before we get going just putting in a greeting into the chat telling us where you're watching from.
Laura Bilenker: That would be awesome to kind of see who's tuning in.
Laura Bilenker: um let's see.
Laura Bilenker: yeah and just sort of technical logistics in the chat from cj if you would like to have a look at that.
Laura Bilenker: Okay, did I forget anything time are we good.
Tom Hudgins: um I don't think so, I think you covered it off.
cool.
Tom Hudgins: yeah.
Laura Bilenker: Okay, then.
Laura Bilenker: Kathy if you want to start sharing your screen, we can at least have something pretty to look at well.
Laura Bilenker: Maybe a few people trickle in over the next minute.
Laura Bilenker: um and yeah like I said the session is really exciting, because we have a really wide range of approaches to studying metals melts and fluids so.
Laura Bilenker: yeah sorry, things are popping up.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Just to double check and you see my screen okay.
Laura Bilenker: yep looks good.
Great.
Laura Bilenker: And yeah just for the the speakers, I will put a two minute warning in the chat and.
Laura Bilenker: I don't know if you'll be able to see my reactions, but i'll.
Laura Bilenker: raise my hand or something just so something catches your eye.
Laura Bilenker: Okay, so according to my clock, it is exactly 135, and so our first talk is going to be about molybdenum isotope systematics, which is particularly exciting, for me, actually in the illusion Arc and katia why don't you take it away.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Thanks well hi everyone thanks for coming today to my talk, my name is it got that email has called me it's been you can click that yep.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): And I am a PhD student at the University of South Carolina and just as Laura said today i'm going to be talking about molybdenum isotopes in the western art as a source tracer proxy.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): So as a short summary of my presentation today I want to give some background information about delusion Arc in the methods we used in this study.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Then I want to show the results of molybdenum my stoves across the ocean Arc and how we determine if they're a good source tracer proxy, and for that i'm going to be focused in in two locations in particular corbin and.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Then I went to discuss a little bit the sources, we can trace with molybdenum isotopes and how spoiler alert, we can see a signature of fluids in the source of these art clauses, and for that i'm going to be.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Talking separately, about the eastern, central illusions and the western part of the arc and then, finally, I want to end with some of our most important conclusions, so, as I mentioned previously, my study is focused in delusion Arc and the illusion Arc is located.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): oops i'm sorry, this is not working.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Oh, my God i'm sorry I did this test previously and it seemed to be working and now it's not working.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Okay let's do it like this.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): But technical issues would be perfect to.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): To solve right now.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Any insights and how can I fix this.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Okay, so the ocean Arc is located between Alaska in Connecticut as we can see in these very slow video and they're the product of the convergence of the Pacific plate under the North Americans late.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): And today for this talk we're going to be looking specifically at the volcanoes that go from o'clock or eastern most volcano all the way to the West to the western most you mount the.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): And the reason why the solution art is such a great location to study sources and magnetic processes is that we have several different features, so does that affect your zone.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Which is fractures on subducting between corbin inside one in the central, eastern illusions in a difference in the convergence style where.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): As we can see here in this plot which supposed to be related to the map.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): In the eastern dilutions there's a very fast abduction of about seven centimeters per year, but if we go through the western part of the Ark it changes to a slow and obliques abduction, as we can see here in these yellow arrows.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): And these slow an oblique subduction plus other trace elements and isotope signatures from the Western art club has helped establish in previous studies that what might be happening, the Western solutions is lab melting under ecologic faces.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Now, another very important feature to change is a resolution Arc is the sediment flux.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): And if we look at that change from east to west we're going to see that similar as the convergence rate the sentiment flux estimates.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): are higher in the central, eastern illusions with values that go around 760 to 100 cubic meters per meter per year, but that value drops down to almost zero in the western solutions.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): And what is most important to notice is that the place where that sudden influx changes the most is in the army or fractures zone.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): The importance of the amateur fractures on is that previous physical data have shown that it's a 50 kilometers wide.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): And two kilometers deep basically Canyon entering dilution trench between Corbett and save one, but what he does is to prevent the deposition of sediments in the western solutions will thicken into sediment column in the eastern part of the Ark.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): But it besides controlling the sediment flux across the ocean Arc the me or fractures on also allows greater exposure of mental prototype to see water and plus.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): It allows enhancer continuation, so now we see that in terms of source variability We not only have different steadman flux estimates, but also the Omnia fractures it might be a key locations to study presence of fluids in the source of these art classes.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): The other very important feature of delusion Arc is that it allows us to explore different vaccination sequences.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): So in this flood of total iron over magnesium ratios across silica content we see the delusion Arc has both call call claim insulated for action, action sequences.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Where will there are Western volcano and most of the western art classes follow up call out the reflection nation, while corbin and most of the eastern volcanoes follow up follow up sequence.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): However, for the Western illusion will deere the trace element patterns suggested fractional crystallization might not be the best way to explain these trace element data, because the lack of peril pattern suggests that present processes like magnet mixing or.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Two or three steps of fractal crystallization plus early and people removal might be a more suitable way of explaining these patterns and.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): in the eastern part of the arc or volcano corbin has these perfect parallel patterns in a very steep European anomaly, which basically shows a textbook example of factual crystallization with pledges, please.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Early removal.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): So this was in terms of magnetic processes and we can see how the ocean Arc has very distinct vaccination sequences.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): But to talk a little bit more about the sources that we can see a resolution art and how we can trace them, we should take a look at the isotope systems.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): And in this flooded the right i'm showing lead endymion isotopes in the Left y axis across longitude West where to the right, we have the West.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): and Simon flux estimates which correspond with a blackfoot climb, and we can see that the highest lead and lowest nadeem isotopes.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): belong to our classes from corbin and said one right where the on the structures of entries that trend.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): But, most importantly, with the seven flux is highest which is suggest that lead into demon I subs are tracing a sediment source in this art classes.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): However, a study from singer at all in 2007 have shown that the way the trace elements various resolution Arc might say something different, so in these blood, we see that.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): The Ark levels from side one right where the only affects your zone enters the trends have some of the highest born concentrations, which we can see here in higher born lesson for now you'll be in board beryllium which.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): The authors of this study explain as presence of mental medicine methodism with infiltration of slap fluids, and potentially sediment melt.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): But I have yet in using trace elements to study fluid sources in our club is is that.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): The partition coefficient of trace elements change with silica in temperature so in order to address this issue of sediment versus fluids, we should take a look at another proxy and, specifically, an isotope proxy.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): So just started the relative contributions of fluids versus settlements in the source of illusion art clovers we performed molybdenum I strip analyses and.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): The potential of these tools to unravel this lead sources is that their food mobile they're reading sensitive and they have very distinct.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): signatures for mental content across seawater and sediments so we analyze our clothes from people to UK but we also realized a business repenting nights and illusions sediments.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): To regional sediments from side 183 closer to Alaska and pelagic sediments from site eight 860 700 kilometers south of segue.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): And we did this at the Center for elemental mass spectrometry at uva see and the geological survey and we've combined both the double Spikes simple.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Double spike and sample standard record and methods so all the values and i'm going to show today are as delta 9095 relative to our standard nice 30 134.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): But before we went to address this source issue of segments and fluids, we had to answer, whether differentiation was controlling molybdenum by subtraction ation.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Some studies from Vander Ark and cause in Greece have shown that molybdenum isotopes have a positive correlation with silica contents, meaning the differentiation is controlling their fresh nation.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): And most importantly, the study from Greece proposes that and people might be vaccinated molybdenum myself as well, so.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): We measured molybdenum my stuff's in a very different volcanoes will be here in corbin and we chose 14 archivists from these very distinct volcanoes to cover the highest silicon range than we could, and what is very important here is that will deere has on people as an early.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): section eight states, so we will be able to dress if everybody's playing a role or not, and our results show that molybdenum my stuff's.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Both for both you're incorporating do not change across the silica content and, conversely, they have very distinct inconsistent.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): isotopes moved into my sub signatures were core oven the orange squares have signatures up to 0.2 per mil will deere is consistently low with values that go down to negative point three per mil.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): So with this, we can see that molybdenum my subs are not being affected by the magnetic differentiation and, conversely, there tracing a source feature.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): And if we took in concert, if we take in consideration all deletion data not only carbon and we'll do we're going to see two different populations.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Were corbin and save them are have very high molybdenum isotopes higher than that content with cross and the Western solutions and up look.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): have very low molybdenum isotopes that overlap bulk silica earth and the way our data compares with the literature is that the molybdenum my stuff's on.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): The molybdenum data from the Western solutions is some of the highest molybdenum concentrations recorded sauce far in the literature and they have more like molybdenum isotopes that overlap heckler in Iceland.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): And the other very important thing is that the art club us from said what are some of the highest moves into my stuff signatures higher than been the arc and teeth in Marina Arc.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): And what is interesting to notice as well, is that the stupid violations of Korean and said, one in the western solutions, plus UK are also evident in terms of legitimacy and reaches.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): But before we talk about these type of relations, I want us to take a look at the more values which, in a very wide range of molybdenum ppm, they do not very.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): molybdenum see your ratios, they do not fraction a molybdenum over serum and the fact that we have very high lives emc ratios in the western solutions so just that molybdenum is enriched over Syria in this place in that molybdenum might be behaving even more incompatible than serum.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Now, if we try to compare these with the molybdenum my steps are going to see some.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): complex situation where the curving instead of them are clauses seem to behave like more in terms of molybdenum serious.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): But the Western solutions have up, but they have very high molybdenum iced of signatures.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): which are clearly tracing a different stores and more in the western solutions have very high molybdenum serum ratio is 10 times higher than more, but more like molybdenum isotopes.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): And overall or data of moves into my stuff's across the illusion Arc shows that, as opposed to let any demon my stoves.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): molybdenum eyes are not correlated with a set of in flux estimates, they do not change in this very continues in some way.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): So we infer that molybdenum isotopes are not being mobilized through sentiments sentiments are not a source for molybdenum.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): So we wanted to dress whether serpentine ization was cleaner role here and we analyze a business trip in tonight's from the southwest and Indian REACH.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): And in this blood of the right, we can see that this repentance are all enriched in renewed molybdenum and strontium see water soluble elements and the I stop it composition of this repentance is very high up to one per mil so the way we infer the core of and sag one are.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Very high molybdenum isotopes is that they might be traced in a presence of a fluid sores due to serpents and a dehydration.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): And for the settlement data, we see that these sentiments have extremely low molybdenum I steps down tonight negative 1.9 per meal and very low molybdenum see your ratios, which shows again that sentiments are unlikely.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Controlling the fluxes of molybdenum in delusion arcs and, conversely, in the western solutions where, as I mentioned slab melton under ecliptic faces is suggest and presence of routine.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): We have more of like molybdenum isotopes but extremely high molybdenum serum ratios, which are 10 times higher than more.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): And one of the hypotheses that we have for these data is that the Western solutions might be tracing the presence of fluids, because of these very high molybdenum to your ratios.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): But without molybdenum is reflection ation now this becomes important because these Western solutions have routine in their stores and routine is.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): is known to be a face that incorporates a lot of molybdenum molybdenum is very compatible in routine in the fact that we have these very.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): High molybdenum serum ratios means that molybdenum might be metabolized through slept fluids, even in the presence of routine but keeping the more like.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): I sort of signature So in conclusion or study shows that the lack of correlation between molybdenum my subs and silica content.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): suggest that molybdenum are not be molybdenum my subs are not being controlled by magnetic differentiation and that they're conversely tracing a source feature in delusion art class.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): And the lack of correlation of molybdenum isotopes with the settlement flux estimates in the very different behavior of molybdenum isotopes across the ocean Arc.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): suggest that sediments are unlikely the sources molybdenum in delusion art clovers so there must be another source controlling the molybdenum isotopes so we infer the very high molybdenum my sub data incorporated and sag one as presence of fluids do juice or pen tonight dehydration.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): And in the western solutions where slots fluid were slab melting under ecologic spacious is inferred in presence of routine is infrared.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): The very high molybdenum serum ratios, but more like lives in an isotope signatures so JASMINE molybdenum my be mobilized through fluids, even in the presence of retail.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): But without molybdenum is a fraction nation and overall for both corbin and sideways with surprising dehydration and the Western solutions with expedite melting.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): What we're looking at here is that moved into my steps might be trading a fluid source, even in this very two different regimes and magnetic regions so with that i'll take any questions and i'm sorry for the video not working.
Laura Bilenker: Thank you, does anyone have any questions.
Laura Bilenker: actually have.
Laura Bilenker: have one about kind of molybdenum isotope fracture nation and what we know in higher temperature systems and have there been any experiments, or maybe, are there any existing theoretical.
Laura Bilenker: modeling results that might be helpful to kind of apply to what you see here and confirm.
Laura Bilenker: Your hypothesis.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Like experimental metrology into chemistry.
Laura Bilenker: Sure yeah.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Not that i've heard of.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): yeah not that i've known and i've read a lot of papers and my my email is like linked to.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): papers that keep sending papers about molybdenum.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): yeah now that I heard of I do know that there's some.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Experimental studies with like oxygen sagacity in all these and maybe that's where we could find a connection between molybdenum I substance they are really sensitive.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): But no, not, not that I heard of I didn't know that it's a very controversial subject, right now, because there's a lot of sites that propose that differentiation and our people fraction Asian it might be controlling them the molybdenum I some fluctuation but yeah.
Laura Bilenker: yeah me neither that's why.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): they'll be green please someone do so.
Laura Bilenker: Other questions.
Elyssa Rivera: When you're talking about the affable causing vaccination in molybdenum can you explain that a little bit more for me.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Yes, sure, so the study from COs.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): proposes that whenever we basically remove people from these like super like magic soup were fraction aided molybdenum because.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): People retains like molybdenum so let's say negative molybdenum because, in terms of like stabilized have to go to like plus and minus right so it's proposed that i'm people likes or preferentially takes.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): Like molybdenum and what it does, is it as it takes a lot of light molybdenum the rest of the magnetic soup is enriched in heavy molybdenum so like a plus molybdenum and that's why.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): The more you remove our football, the more you're like depleting your system enlightened molybdenum while in reaching your magnetic soup in heavy molybdenum so all your art classes as you go up to higher silica content and higher differentiation.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): You will have heavier so more positive molybdenum isotope signatures.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): But if i'm being honest that study talks about cryptic and feeble which is unstable that stays in the crust.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): And what we have is like we confirm the presence of answerable in with your art club us so so we see the people there.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): This is something that we also want to do, and we have in mind, but Kobe has made it very hard, which is measuring molybdenum in ensembles only like in the am football.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): and see what is the signature what's the concentration of molybdenum in the people, but what we see in the blue there are clouds which do have removal of.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): People early removal of young people, we don't see this like positive correlation with which we actually can see here in I added an extra slide here, so this program this program star is basically a proxy for enviable removal and.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): we'll do our class here shown in green have the honorable, so it should be a very good proxy to see where we have the enviable.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): fraction eating and what we see is the molybdenum I substate constant across these proteins proteins star if.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): If an enviable would fraction eight molybdenum we would expect to have a positive slope and we don't see that it's just consistent so that also helps us to determine that they're not tracing any melting or magnetic processes there tracing of source, I hope that helps.
Elyssa Rivera: Yes, thank you so much yeah.
Laura Bilenker: Thank you, that was great um and yeah hopefully you guys can continue your molybdenum.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): conversation later yeah I saw your posture I was like a bar molybdenum.
Elyssa Rivera: Yes.
Elyssa Rivera: I would like to send you some emails later.
Katia Rojas Kolomiets (she|her): cool yeah please do so well thanks very much and i'm sorry if we're rushing it I get stressed with the media.
Laura Bilenker: No problem that happens to us all um so yeah next talk is going to actually take us over to the Tibetan.
Laura Bilenker: plateau so hi bozo here you are so yeah feel free to unmute yourself and share your screen.
Haibo Zou: share the screen.
Let me try, one more time.
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Laura Bilenker: To say.
Haibo Zou: Okay, you see my screen.
Laura Bilenker: yep looks good.
Haibo Zou: Okay, good so i'm going to.
Haibo Zou: Miss.
Haibo Zou: i'm going to talk about.
Haibo Zou: The ages on a mathematical processes of salty unassigned from southeast about where you're the uranium series and it's our call half now saying, I was told.
Haibo Zou: techniques for this application.
Haibo Zou: This is a map of let me see.
Haibo Zou: Okay, so this is the map of.
Haibo Zou: Tibetan plateau and.
Haibo Zou: The study area is central located on the South East margin of the Tibetan plateau so over here, there are some very young walking rocks.
Haibo Zou: So this map shows several young volcanic volcano there's a man in sha la la porte danger and the Hong Kong Shanghai and today, our focus is on the left, we pour this one.
Haibo Zou: And I gave us an introduction of these mine Shan Shan Shan first as a background information.
Haibo Zou: Why study central volcanic rocks, as you can see, this is the only cotton or a wall walk into them on the southeast Tibetan plateau even the southern Tibetan plateau and the other place is located in the Northwest.
Haibo Zou: Tibetan plateau my students, there are spiritual should we are talking about volcanoes fall I should cooler So today we focus on tend to only focus on potential so they also provide volcanic hazard steel still pretty active volcanoes there are active.
Haibo Zou: house brains over here and they are young ages are suitable for shortly uranium series, I suppose, these rocks are very fresh fresh.
Haibo Zou: So, which is a go to for doing, especially with your now series you want fresh Ross the whole Rock in one fresh rocks are generally if I work on the middle of assaults and he's hard to be this fresh.
Haibo Zou: So I use a urinal series ad hoc a little bit about uranium series essentially you're only until 38 eventually decades to.
Haibo Zou: lead to six, so we utilize the intermediate isotopes uranium already fall fall into authority and early on to do six So today we talked more about foreign to 30 and early on to the six.
Haibo Zou: This diagram shows more details about the uranium to 38 decay cigarettes from your early on to 38 all the way to a ladder to six.
Haibo Zou: And so, in the middle Sarin to 30,000,002 to six, so why you're earning series, because they are very powerful tools to work home recent or processes and they can date your rocks in a young.
Haibo Zou: While gaining Ross and also covering you know.
Haibo Zou: And also, we can do the easy to circle uranium Sarah the dating in order to understand the magma evolution and resonance times.
Haibo Zou: So this is a diagram you know for the uranium for around this equilibrium diagram now you essentially you know if I have a zero a Joe want to be here slope is zero if.
Haibo Zou: I have an older ages older than zero point for many years, everything cloud on this equalize the one to one, you cannot to how slow but higher, though, why because of this equation this equation, and the y minus a minus Lambda to 30 you know this thing can only go down.
Haibo Zou: too well with a green tea so and also you know this is requires a different different structure and our structure, you can certainly go to slower can be great That way, you can still keep growing.
Haibo Zou: You see the difference between is in the slope that those are the Lambda T minus one for the uranium Syria that's the one minus p.
Haibo Zou: To the power of minus alumna to very cheap so that's the difference yeah so maximum slope, for one, and you could lie.
Haibo Zou: You know means ages grades nine zero Paul point of for many years and maybe 400 million years or 4 billion years but we don't know after 0.4 so we utilize this stage, you know from about 1000 years to 400,000 years, this is a period of that or works really nicely and a pretty unique.
Haibo Zou: And a way for us to work on this somewhere ground, you know we first work on this one man shop in 2000 now and we use.
Haibo Zou: We use that method you know these are the publishers are call while you Polish with Oracle you can see their CEO images, if you don't Polish without you don't see this images.
Haibo Zou: So this is the way people have been doing since 2000 and we got to age distribution, you know, this is a 91, this is a pretty big peak.
Haibo Zou: there's a small peak 55 so we were not so sure you for this 55 pm, is a real or not, and also with this thing you know we can see there's a room.
Haibo Zou: over here, on the other hand, the room is too small rooms are too small to put being so The thing is, if we want to develop new equipment, it takes, you know a lot of time, you know.
Haibo Zou: To to develop.
Haibo Zou: The primary being and much smaller you know the equipment so.
Haibo Zou: But we still wanted to measure the Ram So what we did was we just changed some operation.
Haibo Zou: So instead of traditional sport analysis we just use that flow profiling So what do you mean means that.
Haibo Zou: We don't Polish this we just put a beam on this edge, you know put a being in this direction on this edge without a polishing that's our call, and so we got very good.
Haibo Zou: This is on fire, this is a crime, these are the first ones are currently running on Syria, the surface agent, you know.
Haibo Zou: In 2010 so we got 54,000 yeah this is required so first of all we did an apology, those are called Secondly, we use Indian mount normally use a policy but we use the Indian in this way we can present as on the inside indium directly so, so this is like a Channel four.
Haibo Zou: channel for sample preparations can make a big difference, you know so 2000 times.
Haibo Zou: You call this unconditional letter I know these are the conventional after this improvement sometimes employment takes a year, but sometimes.
Haibo Zou: You know you just take inspiration inspiration, so we can compare you know, this is the mind i'm Polish, this is the polished as our homes, you know i'm Polish you got it wrong 54 plus minus five.
Haibo Zou: And a partial answer you get a peek 91 and then a small picture and i'm so this proves that it's a small pig is for real for real.
Haibo Zou: And this shows the difference right for unpolished resort and apologies, my apologies on how you measure the interior Polish reserve oh you're just a measure of the surface, the autonomy.
Haibo Zou: And then my students russ Parker you know he worked on this wall candle the stallion shy you see this.
Haibo Zou: unpolished and you know you don't see that see the zoning but because of the unpolished now.
Haibo Zou: Other than the God of this ages like 58 plus minus 13 and i'll still got a fine ice ice cream oh.
Haibo Zou: So in this way we can compare as I suppose for diane shana Moshe essentially the with the uncertainty no yes, with the uncertainty, although die in China has a larger uncertainty, because you see my into.
Haibo Zou: The uranium authority very show you know this is up to tank and i'll follow up to full so while you have a lot of spread on the X axis, you have a better chance of getting a better precision in full support of that.
Haibo Zou: Based on the data we think that this tool again knows you know they share the same magma chamber at 55,000 years.
Haibo Zou: And then, our question come to this one now, this will allow a poor alarm is old they have a this will allow a pro has a different color because people thought that this was my way is a pretty different from these Holocene volcanoes.
Haibo Zou: So this is a you know the map for our law we pour This is our mind shot so so this one, this one you work for this talk is when you work a lot we purposely I gave you some background yeah.
Haibo Zou: So for a little green pro we have several question now the the way people share the same magma Chamber with these two that's a question and another thing is about luxury pause your option ages and i'm although.
Haibo Zou: His old older than mine shine but how much.
Haibo Zou: And then we work on the magma Chamber process for.
Haibo Zou: Law way poor.
Haibo Zou: And that is on your data now so to answer the first question, do they share the same magma Chamber, the answer is yes, at 55,000 years so there's a data i'm polishing chrome you know there's a politician was you know 5458.
Haibo Zou: And along we're on this call on is our new words and a new data, so one sample for a long way important we get 61 plus and minus 10,000 years.
Haibo Zou: The other sample we get a 55 plus and minus 5000 yeah and essentially you know you're essentially these ISO crowns on the you know consistent ages are consistent with the uncertainty, so I will answer is that, yes, lead 55,000 years at least at the time the scar tool for.
Haibo Zou: Christmas realisation ages now so is there one crystallization ages may or may not represent so eruption ages, so I know what next question we tried to.
Haibo Zou: constrain the eruption ages for long way poor so over here so allow a poor ages purposely potassium argon ages you got a while or 5000 years to ny to fall now and also certainly there were.
Haibo Zou: there's uncertainty is pretty big and and then where you're here we use a radium and a radium so while he was a radio, you know radio is a huge factor for Holocene.
Haibo Zou: Because the radio I usually kind of have a high number like a certain point five.
Haibo Zou: Initial ratio, but this one decay, is the fast, you know radio half life is a 1.6 thousand years, you know so after 10,000 years it's gone now so.
Haibo Zou: And we compare this a long way for radio, I still have to do, six to 13 so it's essentially with the uncertainty of war, you know so and we think that we put in terms of eruption age that's older than 10,000 years now.
Haibo Zou: But uh how much older ready install around cannot give you the number the upper limit maximum limit is given by the circle ages, you know their angel we got a 55 you know so that'll be like a 10 to 55 years for.
Haibo Zou: Your option age of luxury poor so income person with a long way poor you see the other work he knows mth and the he yellow you know they all show radio.
Haibo Zou: disequilibrium know, proving that we are indeed our policy volcano.
Haibo Zou: So for longer employed if I really want to give our Asia so right now give a random to 255 if I really want to give her age, I would say, you know divide this one by two will be 32.5 plus minus 20 so.
Haibo Zou: There shouldn't be that uncertainty for the long way poor so still pretty young still pretty you know, although your opportunity later, no.
Haibo Zou: Earlier So although they may have a different eruption ages, but you know magma chamber, you know they did share the same magma chamber at 55,000 years that's why there's a certain age is to provide additional information, in addition to the interruption processes.
Haibo Zou: And there we go to the third one third question to answer the magma evolution now So here we use zero con isotopes you we have was our call on delta or at this is our Austrian I still and as Oregon half now so.
Haibo Zou: So, for these are for samples so first of all, the observation is that all these zircons they have a delta at greater than 6.5 per meal 6.5 per mil.
Haibo Zou: And we already know that, based on a lot of work, you know the mantle the rides around, we have the range of 4.626 per meal, you know, this is a six you know six six certainly all some holes.
Haibo Zou: You know the plot above is six per meal line, and so they have a some crystal signature, so they are not like a pure and I can mantels our calls, you know.
Haibo Zou: Another thing we tried to say you got to this relatively our highs or a car, how about delta already you may have a two courses, you know to.
Haibo Zou: send me resolve for all across tall simulation especially aluminum rich please so as a Malaysian from Ross or they can't resolve from the low temperature low temperature.
Haibo Zou: alterations oh so if we only have asked us to have compositions of zircons then that's what we can do you know we can limit this thing to two options over here, we also have happening ourselves, you know half now so we know that happening as tops you know the are.
Haibo Zou: not sensitive to the low temperature alteration, and so, if all stress 12 and a half, new stove in for the a couple a couple of those should be across the assimilation if it's a low temperature alteration a yoda see the change of.
Haibo Zou: The high.
Haibo Zou: delta or aging but stable, you know stable.
Haibo Zou: You know, constant half a new isotope they are not supposed to be correlated if it's a low temperature fluid fluid alteration, so the negative correlation between half now and also has to have your compositions uniquely an open system processes.
Haibo Zou: So again, you know if I do the whole Arc you also say that a half strong Shell nude me I saw the compositions are correlating that with liquor control, you know this one again, you know, shows a simulation.
Haibo Zou: The last diagram show is full circle half new is probably a composition, you know the range there's there's a big arranger each sample so normally people use a happening, I saw your compositions of the zircons to do the you know crossbow evolution.
Haibo Zou: Here, we also have some way also have the data for the whole rock you know, this is a for this line whole Arc and and zero con ages are Sarkar.
Haibo Zou: absent, a half now I still equal so there's all right here, this is the individuals are gonna happening is probably composition, this is the average absent in half, and you know all lower than ever turned the whole rock samples, you know, suggesting that when we do this.
Haibo Zou: You know.
Haibo Zou: modeling of Chrysler evolution using zero calm happening I started composition, we need to be a little bit careful.
Haibo Zou: So here is the conclusion, you know circle surface soren ages, you know 55,000 years for a long way same as the other volcanoes know, although the eruption ages for logmein pro.
Haibo Zou: Older 10 to 55,000 years so yeah sorry can't crystallization ages are the same and that we infer that the three of volcanoes share the same magma Chamber I other 55,000 years and based on the European agent as our.
Haibo Zou: As our con ages, you know we can see, you know this magma storage time less than 45 for law were born poor was 50,000 years for the other one.
Haibo Zou: and a half now, and also as a hobby compositions of zircons uniquely that we call open system processes essentially.
Haibo Zou: A simulation mostly by clay rich.
Haibo Zou: luminary rich clays another things that are happening values are, at least in this case that Laura that whole rock values, so we need to be careful when using so don't have Neil that's probably campus absolute value is to do the.
Haibo Zou: You know evolution of trust of the crust i'm down here, thank you.
Laura Bilenker: Thank you so much, so I think at this time, we need to move to the next talk, but please if anybody has questions for doctors oh i'd love an active chat so feel free to put your questions, so he can see them in the chat.
Laura Bilenker: i'm going to now share my screen, because we have a pre recorded talk.
Laura Bilenker: From she's still here we go.
Laura Bilenker: and
Laura Bilenker: Let me know if you can see it yeah.
Yes.
Laura Bilenker: Can you hear it all takes all understanding the dynamics of the culture.
Laura Bilenker: here and I tried to explain the occurrence of.
Laura Bilenker: Primary magnetic energy or please make a list of.
Laura Bilenker: All the clothes in order.
Laura Bilenker: First of all, I would like to introduce this source of sense samples on eggshells, the Columbia river.
Laura Bilenker: yellowstone hotspot also this orange bar illustrates the regional or current sample of prevailing culture face.
Laura Bilenker: Columbia river is the youngest and most preserved and content and bustle of the city on earth and it's occupied more than two 200,000 SK coming.
Laura Bilenker: into picture, we can see currently certain Gemini a laboratory across it in icon on the assembly line test on somebody's mind and does.
Laura Bilenker: In these regions samples of us have your face makers and contain a microscopic inclusion of native.
Laura Bilenker: Locally host in such close of easton Eric on these crystals, namely Oregon sounds phones involves excellent method and this result in different colors for the laboratory green.
Laura Bilenker: or it could correct.
Laura Bilenker: I mean this copper plates appears to have formed via a solution and our typical have found in the course of the highest grades a chance.
Laura Bilenker: Immediate pleasure, please, please the mantle epoxy shows the the corporation effect great by the family, this crystal.
Laura Bilenker: includes excellent mentally tougher than by focusing couple Emily that you can see it's exaggerated marked here, these are made and does image was obtained from La la wps.
Laura Bilenker: Also, are used to make tea in order to assign false colors can be seeing the distribution of cupboard and in a single single family.
Laura Bilenker: The device thoughts.
Laura Bilenker: And here's a indicate position for electron microscope, and this is.
Laura Bilenker: Here I was trying to understand the.
Laura Bilenker: mechanism of this Cooper enrichment and this graph shows the electron micro analysis of big plays and copper, according to our first result the native in these transforms a tourist ethic templates and copper shirt I mean it can struggle faithfully and controlled orientations.
Laura Bilenker: will love heals indicates.
Laura Bilenker: indicate.
Laura Bilenker: costumes or change it's also consistent with how to look for escalation zones and they may parallel to exalt couple me.
Laura Bilenker: As far tinkle have to look her integral it is produced a lot of trees political place so so these political place, I mean alerted six seven you first Hudson Hudson lunch and integral.
Laura Bilenker: We have year old 11 telegram as we can see.
Laura Bilenker: This sunspots have been primitive every element composition and three or element for several sandstone crystal it all without coupler are similar also bought pattern or awareness thing and puzzles and Oregon sandstorms has an ocean islands of the land on the earth element.
Laura Bilenker: I mean they've all the PC of time on trump is similar to ocean and.
Laura Bilenker: Also labradors make a Chris remarkable have mentioned distributional measure and trace elements as your place crystals also X bit internally homogeneous turn to ratios of nearly.
Laura Bilenker: Seven or 365 comparable to put your face on certain buzz out of the Columbia river.
Laura Bilenker: You can observe from this Toronto orientation program that strong pattern remains cover so.
Laura Bilenker: strontium as a topic compensation insurance or zoning code to lean in the in your place.
Laura Bilenker: at me crushed and seeds, a single, clear and put your place crystal from the dust of mine, and it did it for 16 hours in the call for 70 of them.
Laura Bilenker: usgs geological survey trigger after you think about timeframes from these irritated sample of the kids we obtain the incremental hitting released extra Sean here.
Laura Bilenker: a glut of apparent and 3900 want to turn to seven shows shows initiative because of the more progressive face as low as external temperature was followed by the casting of the more homogeneous pads.
Laura Bilenker: The opponent age to run a shown at the lower left begins with age about 1620 million years which.
Laura Bilenker: Which decrease about 10 million over the initial 13% of 49 on.
Laura Bilenker: The subsequent incremental eating, as defined at the age of.
Laura Bilenker: Nearly 10 million years to the right and the same that are shown on the inverse is a current blogs these analyses are relative eugenic.
Laura Bilenker: With the percentage of producing.
Laura Bilenker: 40 are gone, ranging from about.
Laura Bilenker: Seven to 8% is getting in this photography the conclusion of an ISO image he indicated is consistent with collectors out and the initial or trip component has a quarter.
Laura Bilenker: 36 ratio consistent it's an atmospheric.
Laura Bilenker: It gave me writing by shoe at all and mention that process, the tides are cured as an.
Laura Bilenker: associate it Copernicus post in Japan in Japan, called the laboratory being heard that the core of watermelon crystals formed from.
Laura Bilenker: early stage of the momentum tumblr information at the high temperature pressure conditions, the cliffhanger Christians, without any postcards such as that they formed at a late stage under different conditions.
Laura Bilenker: In support of solution, I put this is our inspection of sugar and few sample size font indicates the form reverently alone all.
Laura Bilenker: This observational so the process by this.
Laura Bilenker: We can see to look to ground first one is for find much exposure place, and second, one for fine pirates and the accolades under to range of types.
Laura Bilenker: isn't electron microscope another to measurement at the organization that Mon finally green crystal have much exposure place, it has to be competitive, to have a range from the laboratories so under see.
Laura Bilenker: The spine metrics pleasure places place shown an effective enrichment of potassium from the course today rains also.
Laura Bilenker: Finally, grant phrase in the process of the birth of our visual reach in potassium and see.
Laura Bilenker: This petro petro graffiti is consistent with the growth of the lead generation of pleasure place and much expenses during the Christian on Chris fractional crystallization and eruption of the puzzle.
Laura Bilenker: Briefly, the observed homogeneous distribution of measure and trace elements and strontium eyes are obsolete course a rich in copper plates his purpose.
Laura Bilenker: In combination with previous or are they talking decades rapid tech solution we can issue cooling, but the temperature means sufficient to a long division of almost all other elements, the age of tampering 24.6 million years be determined animals live.
Laura Bilenker: In us and difficult to reconcile with other opponents today these sounds cons and host results.
Laura Bilenker: That have indicated as age, closer to 16 million years and more comfortable it's things.
Laura Bilenker: I thought to date, these puzzles may be complicated by history that induce notice damage and loss of 40 are gone along uptake of extraneous for.
Laura Bilenker: us, but not least, the simple sandstone development hypothesis is illustrated here actually.
Laura Bilenker: To the deformation mechanism of the copper plates is easier to understand it's look looks more likely that the magma chambers wearing the.
Laura Bilenker: palette of colors about a girl was chemicals trade farmers and uniform for a long period of time at the high temperature.
Laura Bilenker: laboratories bit copper was uniform composition of major and trace elements, if I before the formation of Snickers the mass captures a slight degree of.
Laura Bilenker: integrity in the fat see then cooling permits them complete solution of the novelty of measure and trace elements by the.
Laura Bilenker: Pressure temperature ratio declined the spotlit see couldn't keep their height couple of emails as a result, copper actually starts the press types of the occurrence of laboratories with excellent let's quinn's interrupt and streets, the final Nazis personalization copper for using.
Laura Bilenker: Uniform measure trays and.
Laura Bilenker: data and uniforms it's wrong to a lower temperature.
Laura Bilenker: It is obvious that the copper plates are physical place everything.
Laura Bilenker: and managed crystal graphically as it has demonstrated by the press is that play orientation or i'll have to do a custom templates However, the origin of the company inclusion as consistent crystal graphic orientation will take unclear.
Laura Bilenker: Thank you for your kind attention to my presentation I especially rich, thank you, Dr George commando and you Emily cocoon for the year contributions and birth and data.
Laura Bilenker: To this talk I also reached out to the Department of George because science of open in our state, and also the Turkish Minister of national education and gentlemen directory of research and exploration or supporting my graduates the ins and she starts.
Laura Bilenker: So we have a few minutes for questions if anybody has anything they want to ask about these super interesting samples.
Laura Bilenker: I guess, just a quick one, are there any other places where there is anything like this.
Cisil Badur: We.
Cisil Badur: This is that especially gemstone in the Oregon.
Cisil Badur: If I remember correctly 1975 in the in the vizier and we have the couple sandstone and in the old spots really about really a real in this sandstone with a copper nano crust also be these three aria really important for very long sandstorms.
Cisil Badur: But we have the couple area or.
Cisil Badur: For example, that hear that.
Cisil Badur: like this.
Willis Hames: I Cecil on nailed all up, and I would add, there are some reported on published speculative occurrences that show up at trade shows, and the tucson gem and mineral show last year had some some stones from Ethiopia.
Willis Hames: And we can't get our hands on them.
Willis Hames: and
Willis Hames: I there's also some literature, the gym of sort of trade publications and research publications about the treating pleasure place to introduce copper which.
Willis Hames: is really cool but they don't give any details that we want to know, like time temperature things like that you know precisely so there's a lot of interesting things here to pursue about metals in general, and these copper inclusions.
Laura Bilenker: sounds like a good experimental project.
Willis Hames: Oh yeah yeah.
Laura Bilenker: anyone else have questions.
Laura Bilenker: We still have a couple of minutes.
Laura Bilenker: Actually cure my son I posted it to questions for doctors on the chat yeah, so I think we can follow up on on previous presentations during the transition so we'll use that to to think about other presentation, but I just wanna make sure if there's any.
Laura Bilenker: Other questions about the magnetic copper in the logically.
Laura Bilenker: I guess, I do have a question if there's been any other.
Laura Bilenker: I know there's been geochemical studies on the rocks in the area, but in terms of these these crystals have there been any other.
Laura Bilenker: isotopic systems, so I know you mentioned strontium has there been anything else done.
Cisil Badur: Oh yeah What do you mean chickens, can you ask again sorry.
Laura Bilenker: I yeah, I guess, I was, I was curious specifically if anybody had done additional isotopic work, maybe in stable isotopes on these logically is is.
Cisil Badur: yeah also the Emily column, I mentioned the port on the doctor and you can come home from the portland State University vocal about these Oregon sandstone and.
Cisil Badur: doing the measure trace and strontium analysis and also their doctors and George Commonwealth from Philadelphia university did some experiments about the oils have some cool.
Laura Bilenker: yeah I think oxygen and copper could be interesting in these in these samples.
Laura Bilenker: well.
Willis Hames: That would be really neat i'm just a lot of people have looked at the stains and various ways, but there are some phoenix Chris we could wish for there that are not there right it's it's it doesn't have course all loving, for example, um but.
Willis Hames: I think that sounds fabulous to try to look at stable isotopes in general i'm.
Laura Bilenker: cool well Thank you so much for your presentation and we are heading into our transition so it's just a 10 minute break until 245.
Laura Bilenker: And so what we can do now is yeah follow up on some of the questions that are in the the chat box so pipe oh there's a couple of for you a couple for you, but otherwise feel free to get up again shaker sillies out take a walk in the water, and also turn it over to my co convener Tom.
Tom Hudgins: sounds good.
Haibo Zou: Alright, I try to answer some question right.
Tom Hudgins: We see.
Haibo Zou: Some Polish on to analyze the call the call.
Haibo Zou: Okay.
Haibo Zou: I want to say.
Haibo Zou: Right now, people prefer to do the unpolished around now, because if you'll do the.
Haibo Zou: traditional way you'll have to use a policy.
Polish.
Haibo Zou: And apostasy you know says for foreign to 30 the signature so small it's like less than one con perspective it's a very tiny.
Haibo Zou: There you have the guessing paucity gassy can cause problems generally no power of other analysis birth all right, yes problem yeah, but if you use a metal like a Indian model.
Haibo Zou: And and put drill holes on the alumina they don't do gas so that's a very important advantage you initially we did I expect that you know we just gave a different try it worker so nicely.
Haibo Zou: For the regular people really that's a great way that squared away, you know, of course, a while, so you put in a model it's a hard to to Polish.
Haibo Zou: On the other hand, if people want to do things like they have a lot of time now if they have a lot of time they like a Polish or five micron and five micron then find my car.
Haibo Zou: You had to do that policy and as yeah because of the beyond the second or iron beam is not a straw you do the laser you know you can you can go, you know go pretty quickly.
Haibo Zou: For the second or IBM it's a couple of my chrome you have for a few hours yeah so so you want to go deeper you had in Polish again again oh that's a very time consuming.
Haibo Zou: and also your general don't want to do that, because there are the analysis you Polish your your drive them and they are you recall them.
Haibo Zou: You lose a lot of hours, it was a lot of six seven hours, but allow are they charging $120 a year for you.
Haibo Zou: academic year for your commercial the $300 you generally try not to do that yeah yeah so that's the thing, of course, there's a way.
Haibo Zou: and also with some question like a mixed age that's a great question now if I do the surface, I don't worry about the great.
Haibo Zou: I don't want to bother mixing and also for dessert, especially with the high very high age resolution you know, and it makes same can cause a problem.
Haibo Zou: I haven't seen some works, now they put us all right so everywhere it's everywhere.
Haibo Zou: You know, when you say it's everywhere, you know most of you know, often than not something's not right, you know everywhere yeah so that can be something with other work you.
Haibo Zou: kind of pick because only it's like a y combinator second you know the pig hasn't been merged in right on the spot yeah so so I want to see with a.
Haibo Zou: With unpolished rhinos they rented unless you really want to know different layer, you know that you know.
Haibo Zou: Where the sims you cannot go too far with the laser comm pretty good pretty far in a pretty far you know so that's.
Haibo Zou: The same as a folder surface now there's a one thing I think know I realize you measure the rooms all the rooms, others are home.
Haibo Zou: I found the Zurich on the general though they may or may not a star the same time.
Haibo Zou: But there's a chance better chance that they may and at the same time, but according you know so that's I think that's why the ISO chrome probably better you know.
Haibo Zou: But I realized that originally people like to do this so there's kind of the framework, you know better, you know, although.
Haibo Zou: was getting conditional or you know or traditional people are they forgot of other credit to give you the credit, you know yeah yeah yeah.
Haibo Zou: Initially, is because I got that problem you know I decided that's my decision, I know I said Okay, you know kind of a two different.
Haibo Zou: stuff you know I had to you know pay hours, and you know I said, can I just stop, and you know pay the hours and there's different ways, you know so so that it was like you have to decide, you know.
Haibo Zou: to sacrifice or, in some cases yeah so that haven't we're also very nicely also that will also pretty lucky because that's our console you say that you're running a sovereign ratio sparked a pretty big which will help us Lord yeah and.
Haibo Zou: Oh, you know for the Ram I want to say right now it's not most people prefer to use a use of this kind of method and.
Haibo Zou: Initially, the way I did it.
Haibo Zou: The sample provided with a very tough, because you do the one grand a time you have to press say you know all this stuff you know, but the right.
Haibo Zou: People do you have a salad with slightly better you can put a muzzle multiples are fun and personal helps law yeah you do the one by one it's very painful because.
Haibo Zou: You have to use alcohol all this stuff you know you hear a lot of alcohol, you know with a longtime a few hours.
Haibo Zou: You know, loading it's not so enjoyable yeah.
Haibo Zou: So did I answer your question for you to.
Marisa Barefoot: Definitely answered mine, thank you.
Haibo Zou: I say doctors is their.
criteria that we can use to distinguish if.
Haibo Zou: An.
Dogancan Yasar: agent or.
Dogancan Yasar: I began precise remade if that after polishing we couldn't say.
Haibo Zou: yeah I want to see.
Haibo Zou: that's pretty difficult, you know, of course.
Haibo Zou: You can do that, and I am mixing modeling of ages, you know say they have different drugs, you know, initially, I decided to do the the rain and polishes are Kong what I saw like a two populations, you know.
Haibo Zou: The other, the liberals and whether the Shuar you know we like I still would you encourage those are related to the issue right don't rely on statistically too much yeah.
Haibo Zou: So for that part is pretty difficult, you know, to see if that makes at special with a very small, you know this very young.
Haibo Zou: You know, with the old ones it's a little bit easier, you know if all the way you see that you're ready to lead right, you have two clocks once they have to close the fall on the.
Haibo Zou: On the discord idea w great all right, you know it can be a mix of age, you put one being on the boundary of two domains yeah with this, so you just have one called.
Haibo Zou: harder, so you have to rely on maybe statistics and any of your existing another thing is that, of course, so this work for the Ram physical need to become a you hydro.
Haibo Zou: know if it's if it's a massive that doesn't work that well and also I realized that later on we'll either.
Haibo Zou: So really lucky with the uranium Authority because you're earning forums, they don't refresh fraction it well here's the beam that much.
Haibo Zou: even further typographer is not a preferred flat, but if you do the urinary bladder some people try to earn it just didn't work, because that is a very sensitive to the surface.
Haibo Zou: yeah, of course, the lead it says that the alteration no contamination also you know yeah so when the lead it doesn't work i'm.
Haibo Zou: Sorry we're so it's cut off we're also lucky thing yeah yeah yeah so that's like once we go the next slide was like being you know to deal with a being you know so i'm not sure if I answer the question.
Dogancan Yasar: yep Thank you.
Haibo Zou: yeah yeah I would say, especially you know.
Haibo Zou: realize that your any of your help to coax much easier right.
Haibo Zou: yeah so one cloud is harder, you know yeah, on the other hand, you're in a ladder you do this like 10,000 years it just doesn't work at all you don't have you don't have the land at all yeah.
Haibo Zou: And uh yeah with a young ages and like 1 million year old ages of the of your on your ladder right to be precise, for your one minute year old earning a lead, you have to do the foreign.
Haibo Zou: color correction, because in that way desert information you essentially a fraction eight you're only one authority and value you.
Haibo Zou: You you got last foreign to 30 you've got a less tolerance or how you got the last two six so for the young ages, it makes a difference.
Haibo Zou: For like 4 billion years or 400 million nobody cares yeah but it's a yo yo yo you're running a lab so disequilibrium makes a difference yeah So what are high resolution is is very difficult yeah.
Tom Hudgins: I hate to cut this discussion short but we are at 245 now so if if everyone is ready we're going to move on to our next talk in this session, this one is from Lucas he's going to talk to us about some gold and silver deposits and so i'll just give the floor to you.
Lucas Monroe: alrighty can you guys see everything okay just in this view here.
Lucas Monroe: yep alrighty.
Lucas Monroe: alrighty well, thank you all for coming today, my name is Lucas Monroe and I am a.
Lucas Monroe: master student here at auburn University in my second year at the Department of geosciences here.
Lucas Monroe: And I wanted to come here and present to work i've been doing on my thesis, which is the genesis of golden silver deposits on Florida Mt EPA thermal deposit silver city district.
Lucas Monroe: Idaho and this work is made possible by INTEGRA resources for allowing me to come out there, take samples be out there on site and help with funding as well.
Lucas Monroe: And so the subject of this study Florida mountain is an EPA thermal deposit which are expository targets for golden silver and are important for.
Lucas Monroe: mining of those metals and so here's a genesis model, which shows the three classifications for epidermal deposits.
Lucas Monroe: And the reasoning for these different classes are the different fluid ratios to one another, which is driven by their relative location in the magma chamber and fluid input.
Lucas Monroe: So, on one hand, Member we have low self sedation which its primary fluid is meteoric water and then, on the other end.
Lucas Monroe: We have a primary magnetic water input for high cell foundation, and so the fluid input depicts the different.
Lucas Monroe: characteristics that are found in each class and just to mention that all EPA thermal deposits are within about 1.5 kilometers of the crust.
Lucas Monroe: And occur at temperatures that are less than 300 degrees Celsius and ultimately Florida mountain is classified as a low sulfur nation EPA thermal deposit.
Lucas Monroe: Florida mountain is a part of a trio of low sulfur nation epidermal deposits that reside and silver city district, which can be seen in this approximate area of this this image, here we have Florida mountain.
Lucas Monroe: right here in the middle and then we have Delaware mountain to the West and war eagle mountain to the east southeast, and these were all subject to historic gold mining.
Lucas Monroe: and which led to the formation of silver city, you know, hence the name is silver city district.
Lucas Monroe: And that district is located in the Southwestern part of Idaho which you've seen here in this outline of Idaho and it's part of the larger area, known as the Northern great basin, which makes up.
Lucas Monroe: Northern Nevada and the southern parts of Idaho and Oregon where there's a multitude of other epidermal deposits.
Lucas Monroe: The geologic setting for the area can be seen on the map to the left and where we see Delaware mountain Florida mountain and more eagle mountain.
Lucas Monroe: And the units that are seen at the surface here, and primarily one to point out, is for here at Florida mountain, this is where the at the surface, they see so the silver city right light unit.
Lucas Monroe: And so to kind of go towards the units that we're seeing during this study at Florida mountain at depth we go to the strat column on the right here, which is comprised of the seven units that we're seeing during this study.
Lucas Monroe: Which start at the bottom, with the basement rock, which is a cretaceous green a direct which is followed.
Lucas Monroe: Then by six tertiary units, which is the lower basalt, of course, lay type of corporate ugly tight a tough betcha.
Lucas Monroe: porphyria to cry like an abandoned right late and the stars here are just showing the part in which.
Lucas Monroe: You know at surface where there's open nine pits on Florida mountain and that's where they're mining and seeing the mineralization so its associated in that and those units, the image here is showing one of the.
Lucas Monroe: The open pit walls and outlined here, areas in which are have higher amounts of oxidation going on, and this was pointed out to be areas.
Lucas Monroe: of higher grade or and kind of where they were going after and it's just showing essentially areas in which there's fluid movement throughout the deposit.
Lucas Monroe: So to quickly go through some previous research within the silver city district there's been four main thesis that i've been looking at there's there's there's plenty of more but.
Lucas Monroe: You know they've been focusing on high grade veins within the neighboring deposit as well as other deposited northern great basin.
Lucas Monroe: Also yeah again another high grade vein on a neighboring deposit also steadying.
Lucas Monroe: A volcano six in the area near these deposits and the more recent one, and one thats related to this one is.
Lucas Monroe: mason 2015 did a study on Florida mountain but focused on a high grade high grade veins there so that's where it differs from this study.
Lucas Monroe: or we're looking at the bulk of the deposit at Florida mountain, which is seen, and so the the two main takeaways.
Lucas Monroe: From this, as you know, we have a suite of Oregon Oregon dating within the area, as well as a suite of isotope analyses.
Lucas Monroe: And so the kind of the the takeaway from those in which can be applied to.
Lucas Monroe: You know, information on this thesis this study is that they were studying high grade veins and not the overall deposit and you know what's possible for future exploration in mining.
Lucas Monroe: And then they're getting these age ranges for Oregon Oregon and Joe chronology, which was the type of age, dating they did over around 15.5 to 16 million years ago, which is in that range of the initiation of the yellowstone hotspot startup and then their isotope analyses.
Lucas Monroe: point towards this magnetic metal source for the deposits in the area.
Lucas Monroe: For the research questions we have this for the first one, we have When did the EPA thermal deposits at Florida on form and can mineralization be attributed to the initiation of the yellowstone hotspot.
Lucas Monroe: And then, what is the source of the your and then what indicators exists to help with ongoing exploration and in the background.
Lucas Monroe: You can see, these are the open mind pits on Florida mountain.
Lucas Monroe: So the methods that we chose.
Lucas Monroe: Were you know, chosen to help us to reach the goal that characterization shouldn't have metrology timing in geochemistry of Florida mountain.
Lucas Monroe: And, first we completed fieldwork which was completed during a four week stint out on site and then pathology was completed to help characterize the deposit.
Lucas Monroe: And then, finally, we have electron microscope analyses and laser ablation addictively couple plasma mass spectrometry which were completed to help with a better understanding of the geochemistry of the deposit.
Lucas Monroe: So we wanted to collect samples to achieve a full representation of the Florida mountain deposit and so we got 60 total samples from seven units which were previously stated in the abstract column.
Lucas Monroe: 55 core samples and five hand samples and the image said on the right are showing samples that were taken from expository.
Lucas Monroe: drilling done on Florida mountain and these are just course labs that were cut from the core and then they were brought here back to auburn university for the the analyses in this thesis.
Lucas Monroe: And then also during the time out there to geologic field maps were completed by me and another student from auburn University in the past.
Lucas Monroe: which were completed on the neighboring deposit of Delaware mountain.
Lucas Monroe: And even though it's not Florida mountain the unit seen at Florida or del mar mountain or the same that we're seeing at Florida mountain but at depth, and this is just that just helped with getting the visualization of the relationships with the units to one another.
Lucas Monroe: Put geography was completed auburn university, where a multitude of photo micro graphs were taken and the analyses these units were completed in which we were able to compile mineral.
Lucas Monroe: proportions, as well as get the extent of oxidation mineral textures and mineral associations and they were all compiled for this full representation that we wanted to get for the deposit.
Lucas Monroe: And so just some examples here we have sets of photo micro graphs and in the upper left corner, is where we're seeing these.
Lucas Monroe: Different I guess magnitudes of replacement we're at a larger scale we're seeing pyrite replacement in this film spark Green, you know as we're zoomed out scale bar around 200 microns and then at a smaller scale we're seeing replacement of pirate grains within that same.
Lucas Monroe: I guess scale of replacement here, and so in the bottom right corner, we have a set of photo micro graphs that are showing you know just extent of oxidation, which is a you know higher extent of oxidation throughout this sample as well as.
Lucas Monroe: mineralization and textures of pirate grains where we're getting just these different clusters of grains depending on their size.
Lucas Monroe: As well as inclusions within these grains and that's essentially what this image up here in the upper right corner is showing is just showing this cluster of pirate Greens in which has inclusions embedded with those.
Lucas Monroe: And so to sum up.
Lucas Monroe: The photography section pyrite occurs and as a range of size and textures you can be small disseminated cubes.
Lucas Monroe: Large fractured grains as well as aggregates of smaller cubes and an example of that can be seen here on the right, where we're seeing larger pyrite grains associated with these smaller disseminated.
Lucas Monroe: cubes or shards spell right and glean are present in the dual core from Florida mountain as well, and this was all associated with the pyrite mineralization.
Lucas Monroe: And an important phase seeing here since it's a golden silver mine was solid silver phases in the courts lay tight porphyria to cry light and banded for a light units.
Lucas Monroe: The courts late, I had the highest amount of pyrite and accessory minerals and lastly oxidation was moderate to high for samples with more pyrite and accessory minerals within that sample.
Lucas Monroe: Now, on to electron microscope analyses, they were completed.
Lucas Monroe: At the electron micro probe analysis lab here at auburn university and that that the micro abused can be seen here in this image to the right and during the time.
Lucas Monroe: are using that micro prob first we use energy dispersal spectrometry which allows for us to analyze spectra analyses in which we could pro around in the samples and then.
Lucas Monroe: pick them which samples, we wanted to then analyzed with wave wave link disperse of spectrometry where we compiled mineral compositions elemental maps, as well as BSE images and the elements analyzed during this section where gold, silver copper iron titanium sulfur selenium and arsenic.
Lucas Monroe: So the image set on the left is showing a PSC image as well as a set of elemental maps that were created by the micro probe.
Lucas Monroe: In which we're seeing a couple of electron grains that seemed to be in filling or attaching themselves to this pyrite cluster which is occurring in this highly mineralized vein.
Lucas Monroe: And it also has alteration in Spain as well, and a BSC image, we can see this red dot, which is the approximate location of where we did an analysis, where we saw that the electron grain contains around 55% golden 45% silver.
Lucas Monroe: On the right, we have a ternary diagram which was modeled after some previous studies in the silver city district, to help show the composition of the silver phases seen in the deposits.
Lucas Monroe: which has the members of silver selenium and sulfur and within there, we can see this blue box, which represents a silver phase continuum, which is essentially where.
Lucas Monroe: The phases, should you know, naturally, or just normally are plotting and so in the area in the middle here where we're seeing this.
Lucas Monroe: orange oval here are samples from previous studies on high grade veins gold, silver veins on war eagle mountain in Florida mountain and they're within this silver face continuum as well.
Lucas Monroe: there's this Green oval out here, which is showing this proposed unknown silver phase that was seen at work on mountain during those studies as well.
Lucas Monroe: And then ultimately for this study is this read over here.
Lucas Monroe: which were samples from the bulk deposit seen at Florida mountain in which were partially within this over face continuum more towards that in Member of ag to s but also is lying outside of that silver face continuum with more of a sulfur content and lesser of a silver constituent.
Lucas Monroe: Now, on to La ICP Ms analyses, these were completed on pirate grains or unknown grains to measure the constituents in a spotter line.
Lucas Monroe: And so pyrite grains with different mineral assemblages within the grains were analyzed to see kind of what the composition was so here's an example of the in this photo micro graph we have this line analysis, where the laser when across the surface and a bladed in which we saw that.
Lucas Monroe: The composition of this grain, we were seeing peaks of metals, where we're seeing piece of copper important ones of golden silver.
Lucas Monroe: For exploration, as well as lead and sometimes I think was happening and it's important to note that some of these metal rich inclusions when they were in pyrite grains also there was a higher amount of those metals in the structure of the pirate as well.
Lucas Monroe: So for to wrap up the geo chemicals analyses.
Lucas Monroe: accessory minerals include galena salary job site and the important ones of electron and silver phases and their associated with the pyrite.
Lucas Monroe: golden silver can either be found within the matrix to the pirate grains within the pirate inclusions or on the edges of pirate grains.
Lucas Monroe: And pirate grains with inclusions containing these elevated metal is going to have might have higher amounts of those metals within the pirate green as well.
Lucas Monroe: GEO chronology was completed on samples from Florida mountain, while I was arriving here at auburn to start this study.
Lucas Monroe: And they were completed here at auburn university and the animal lab where they analyzed as malaria Greens from the deposit.
Lucas Monroe: And they got an age range of around 15.35 to 15.95 million years ago, which has the age range, which is corresponding to the initiation of the yellowstone hotspot startup.
Lucas Monroe: Now, moving on to the genesis for the deposit which can be seen.
Lucas Monroe: In this multi phase figure or multi stage figure in the upper left corner or the first stage is a pirate mineralization which is followed by this second stage, which is the main mineralization stage in which.
Lucas Monroe: gold, silver and base metals are deposited in either those metal rich inclusions and doors replacement of pyrite grains and also occasionally as individual grains and the third stage can be.
Lucas Monroe: seen as where there's this open space filling or attachment of electron and silver phases around these pyrite grains, and so the second stage or this third stage is kind of just the supplementary stage this stage to.
Lucas Monroe: On the right is this cross section, which shows the approximate location of where samples from Florida mountain.
Lucas Monroe: will reside, which is based off of you know what we were seeing for their gang mineralogy as well as their or mineralogy which are bolted here, and this yellow area.
Lucas Monroe: Is residing within this within this base metal horizon, as well as this precious metal horizon, which is why we're seeing both and then previous research on high grade veins are you know their analyses are plotted here and the approximate location where those stars are.
Lucas Monroe: And now to kind of round out.
Lucas Monroe: The talk so to conclude, we wanted to run through, and you know kind of see what we were able to answer for the questions that were.
Lucas Monroe: brought up in the beginning, part of this talk so for the question of winded EPA thermal deposit on Florida on form.
Lucas Monroe: And can mineralization be attributed to the initiation of the yellowstone hotspot so the geo chronologies Oregon Oregon GEO chronology pointed out to this time range.
Lucas Monroe: Of 15.35 to 15.95 million years ago in which is comparable to studies and the acknowledgement of that the yellowstone hospice startup is in a similar time range.
Lucas Monroe: The second one of what is the source of the or so looking at trace element analyses, as well as comparing mineral assemblages and.
Lucas Monroe: Just the results from this study, compared to other studies and which were able to complete.
Lucas Monroe: isotope analyses that it's being point towards that the the source of these metals are magnetic.
Lucas Monroe: And then, what indicators exists to help with ongoing exploration just the three terms of oxidation alteration mineralization meaning.
Lucas Monroe: You know, we saw the higher amount of oxidation where there's higher amount of mineralization as well as in that larger open pit image.
Lucas Monroe: Saying there's higher grade where there's more oxidation as well as we're receiving these important mineral phases of golden silver phases, there was higher amounts of volt or alteration and mineralization as well.
Lucas Monroe: And so to just quickly wrap up, so I know i'm running out of time, is that you know this study has helped create a better understanding of the timing.
Lucas Monroe: With that time range the genesis of sort of formation of this deposit and the characteristics as well for the Florida mountain deposit since it hasn't been overly studied yet for the entirety of the deposit.
Lucas Monroe: And i'd like to just thank INTEGRA resources corp.
Lucas Monroe: auburn university GSA, of course, Bob who SEC, the economic geology group as well as my thesis committee.
Right.
Tom Hudgins: Thank you for that presentation does anyone anybody have questions for Lucas.
feel free to unmute yourself and show video.
If you feel like it.
Dogancan Yasar: Lucas i'm just curious about your opinion on something.
Dogancan Yasar: The previous.
Dogancan Yasar: interpretations were plotted on one answer Wayne type of eternal deposit right model, do you think your findings also overlap with that interpretation or would you prefer a different approach.
Lucas Monroe: I think there can be some comparisons for sure, but.
Lucas Monroe: From what we were seeing with the bulk of the deposit which is you know, are going to be lower grade amounts compared to what they were seeing in these higher grade mineralization golden silver veins where they could be seeing.
Lucas Monroe: You know that's just the direct path of those fluids main pathway of those, so I think there's going to be.
Lucas Monroe: Some differences for sure, but there's going to be some overlap as well, because to say that these fluids, maybe are a result of you know.
Lucas Monroe: fluid movement outwards from near these veins these high grade veins those models, but again I think just to answer a quick answer of yeah there's there's could be some overlap, but I think there's going to be some differences as well.
awesome Thank you.
Tom Hudgins: All right, well.
Tom Hudgins: let's thank Lucas for that it's four or five now so let's move on to our next talk thanks again Lucas and our our next talk is going to be coming from Daniel and Mississippi State University who's going to be talking to us about some Mississippi valley type deposits.
Tom Hudgins: Daniel are you are you ready.
Daniel Makowsky: Yes, yes i'm ready.
Tom Hudgins: All right, well with that, the floor is yours.
All right.
Daniel Makowsky: Can you guys see my slide alright.
Daniel Makowsky: Alright, great hello, my name is de mccaskey i'm a master student at Mississippi State University and my research.
Daniel Makowsky: revolves around mainly a experimental geochemistry setup and which I tried to recreate the chemical conditions that are found in Mississippi valley type lead and zinc deposits.
Daniel Makowsky: And i'm basically be attempting to characterize which individual chemical components have the largest effects on inhibiting or prohibiting anti promoting the formation of these deposits.
Daniel Makowsky: Mississippi valley type deposits and BT to pass this i'll be calling them they constitute a massive portion of economically viable lead and zinc in the world.
Daniel Makowsky: And, as such, they have been the subject of many physical instructional studies in order to understand how to best to text and efficiently extract these oars.
Daniel Makowsky: While the physical aspects are pretty well understood questions remain when regarding their chemical origins, what is known chemically is that.
Daniel Makowsky: Hydrogen sulfide that H2 s is critical and producing noteworthy deposits and that there must be a reduction mechanism present in order to maintain a sufficient supply of this hydrogen sulfide.
Daniel Makowsky: mainly the major source of reduction or mechanism is thought to be thermal chemical reduction in these mvd deposits.
Daniel Makowsky: But lots of new thermometer he is indicating in these and many fluid inclusions found in mvd deposits, that a lot of them are forming and temperatures under 100 degrees Celsius which is basically the threshold.
Daniel Makowsky: For a normal thermal chemical reduction of sulfate to occur at service conditions, some of these thermal imagery indicate formation temperatures as low as 70 degrees Celsius so that's basically kind of what i'll be using in my experiments.
Daniel Makowsky: This research is going to attempt to characterize the individual effects and, by doing so, it will help help to hopefully.
Daniel Makowsky: we'll have a greater understanding of why there's chemical and minerals zoning going on in these MBT deposits.
Daniel Makowsky: And these deposits often occur very sick likely and which they have almost burst like deposition you'll see very.
Daniel Makowsky: Suddenly geologically speaking at deposition of a galena layer basically and then later through time it may be stagnant, you may see not as much deposition and then a spell right layer my form and these layers These minerals sounds they occur really quickly.
Daniel Makowsky: So by altering the compositions of these experiments i'll hopefully determine how the deposition can be kind of influence in these acidic sulfide or forming fluids.
Daniel Makowsky: Hopefully, also my research will attempt to determine whether there is a biologic role as well, because my research is kind of hoping to suggest that another.
Daniel Makowsky: way that you can reduce sulfide in these low temperature settings might be organically sourced.
Daniel Makowsky: And the structural overview here, these deposits are found typically and collapse spreadsheet the Dolomites and that's indicated.
Daniel Makowsky: By this North Arkansas this district here has access indicate richie to dolomite typically found out one to two kilometers and they have elevated temperature is due to their proximity to ronnies the metals are also typically source from these tragedies or that is the thought.
Daniel Makowsky: Typically, these foods near these positional areas will have elevated temperature is due to these ronnie's and that'll help to actually leach metals and reduce sulphides However, if it were truly.
Daniel Makowsky: The sulfide was reduced from these are our journeys, it would likely react by the time it gets to temperatures are fluids of temperatures of 70 degrees, as it is a very highly reactive volatile.
Daniel Makowsky: And Sophie producing bacteria, it reduces sulfate and anorexic conditions, and it can they can survive it up to temperatures 100 degrees Celsius.
Daniel Makowsky: So two methods will be used to examine the probability of organic influences in these low temperature MBT deposits, the first method method will be by using isotopes.
Daniel Makowsky: We will be kind of analyzing the isotopes from solid precipitates to determine the software isotope fraction ation in inorganic we formed a billion and spell right.
Daniel Makowsky: we'll we'll compare these experimentally gathered so fight or soccer isotope values will compare those with institue low temperature MBT deposits.
Daniel Makowsky: The second method, we will be using sulfates in some of the runs that are at 70 degrees and we will basically see that if something about the Brian composition, the acidity.
Daniel Makowsky: Or the presence of zinc or lead might actually kind of help to catalyze the thermal chemical reduction and maybe see if using only sell fake it might reduce to sulfide somehow.
Daniel Makowsky: an overview of this organic activity, just to kind of give everyone paint everyone a picture this Sophie here this first.
Daniel Makowsky: reaction is what's important in my study just the reduction so taking the sulfate and reducing it to sulfide is what's important, as you can see, in the second equation, it makes for a pretty simple reaction and it will produce a as an acidic Brian which actually kind of has.
Daniel Makowsky: It has implications, with the Telematics substrate that it that it will be situated, and also, as you can see a second influence that organic activity may.
Daniel Makowsky: may have on the system is the production of methane methane can kind of bypass the need for reduced self sulfates or hydrogen sulfide and that basically promotes a reaction with sulfate and zinc to form swell right and it's much more common in the formation of style right then galena.
Daniel Makowsky: In addition to organic environment within deposition there's also this matter of simplicity.
Daniel Makowsky: to test this the chemical concentrations will be very zinc lead and sodium sulfur not a hydrate will be altered from this regional Brian composition, and this was gathered by plumlee from fluid inclusions.
Daniel Makowsky: Are physical variables, we will just be varying the temperature and that will be, we will run some at 120 degrees to.
Daniel Makowsky: recreate the higher end of the spectrum when it comes to the temperatures of MBT formation and then we will also be running the majority of them on 70 degrees.
Daniel Makowsky: To eliminate thermal chemical reduction, as well as to recreate these low temperature settings which are more likely to be organically influence or biologically influenced I should say.
Daniel Makowsky: On this method is modified from Robin oh and Skinner they both outline ways to basically conduct hydrothermal synthesis and the definition of that is basically a bad reaction and an autoclave above 100 degrees Celsius so.
Daniel Makowsky: i'm not exactly doing hydrothermal sentence this sentence below 100 degrees Celsius but the method is the same.
Daniel Makowsky: and basically.
Daniel Makowsky: I will be using these different compositions.
Daniel Makowsky: We added CO2 as dry eyes, prior to the reactions in order to basically just make it more realistic and to provide acidity for that dollar matic substrate and then pH was tested to ensure the accurate accurate repatriation of those chemical parameters.
Daniel Makowsky: The removal of certain chemical species such as sodium sulfide now hydrate zinc and lead were done in separate runs to determine the effect of the dolomite and the precipitation rates of Galina and spout right minerals.
Daniel Makowsky: So for SEM results.
Daniel Makowsky: This is shows the dissolution of dolomite, and this was done at the 120 degree Celsius run and this had the full concentration outlined by plumlee so it was a pretty realistic.
Daniel Makowsky: recreation of what would occur at a higher temperature and we D deposit not image here is there is going to that formed, but no foul right um.
Daniel Makowsky: But in this three see one, so you can see that there's actually pitting and dissolution of the dolomite.
Daniel Makowsky: Which is interesting because, as I previously mentioned those these deposits are oftentimes found in bread dough mites or collapse brushes and it's often thought that, in these carbonate systems that a fluid came through basically.
Daniel Makowsky: dissolve these carbonate rocks that they're in and then form these these collapse branches.
Daniel Makowsky: But it's It could also be argued based on this data that these acidic Brian fluids, that are actually or forming might actually be Contemporaneously dissolving and precipitating.
Daniel Makowsky: sulphides at the same time, which could have pretty big influence implications on the genetic sequence of these deposits on the right.
Daniel Makowsky: Is the sample six beats us that one had elevated reduce sulfites but at a lower temperature and there, you can see that we have lots of galena growth and the growth was.
Daniel Makowsky: You can tell it was pretty fast ground galena because of the way that it has that octagonal shape, as you see, those are not very clean cubes of going on and the autoclave it should be noted, was a.
Daniel Makowsky: smaller in size and it actually autoclave sighs I learned through experimenting has had a pretty big effect on each one of these runs so.
Daniel Makowsky: As you see, here, to see to ask it actually was the same composition as six be to us, but it was a larger autoclave and it almost.
Daniel Makowsky: It allowed for larger, more cleaner growth of going, and I believe it has to do with just the kinetics I think the new creation sites may be more spread out anyway, and it just may allow for a larger growth of going on.
Daniel Makowsky: And there's a few pair genetic things that you might notice.
Daniel Makowsky: It looks like there was maybe a quicker growing octagonal galena in that void space that may have dissolved out or reformed to a more stable form.
Daniel Makowsky: In some of these reactions I should note may occur during quenching process because they were allowed to cool to room temperature.
Daniel Makowsky: Because I didn't really want to open a pressurized autoclave, but that should be noticed that some back reactions may occur.
Daniel Makowsky: On one before as there there's normal sulfide levels, so this is a standard plumlee composition, but this is ran at lower temperature and what we found here is that.
Daniel Makowsky: There appears to be Sarah site or lori and I Sarah site, being a lead carbonate and lori night a lead chloride.
Daniel Makowsky: And this this cubic grain here is galena the Sarah site and lori night is interesting because that kind of implies that there is some reaction going on with the dolomite I didn't.
Daniel Makowsky: Add any other kind of carbon sources other than CO2 and that dolomite so what may be occurring here is that.
Daniel Makowsky: The dolomite is actually dissolving and then kind of the carbonate is actually reforming it with the lead ions.
Daniel Makowsky: It also the dissolution of dough might maybe helping to form the loria night as well, because the correct atoms ions i'm sorry well actually oxidize the system, and that will actually promote the formation of lori and I, as opposed to galena.
Daniel Makowsky: We see the same thing occurring in this for us sample as well, one before us so that's the same temperature and composition.
Daniel Makowsky: And you can see that it's actually occurring on the rim, or the outside of the i'm going to crystals so that may be because of that back reaction that I mentioned from quenching.
Daniel Makowsky: Three see five us this actually is a sample without zinc in it so and zinc was removed.
Daniel Makowsky: loria night that's what these smaller crystals on the galena are they actually formed in far greater numbers are in far greater concentrations and that's very interesting because a paper by Van against in came out not too long ago and nature and that basically talked about the stabilizing.
Daniel Makowsky: nature that zinc has on dolomite so and zinc is present in solution with dolomite it'll actually prevent the dissolution of dolomite and can almost pro promote the formation of dolomite and.
Daniel Makowsky: That is really important, because you see much more Sarah site, which is the carbonate here, and then the loria night here and the zinc one, so it may.
Daniel Makowsky: be reacting with.
Daniel Makowsky: The Brian may be reacting with dolomite more when zinc is absent, which may cause actually more dissolution of dolomite so the formation of these ratcheted Dolomites may occur when a more zinc Apps and fluid is flowing through them.
Daniel Makowsky: This can actually be the formation of galena as opposed to this fall right can be confirmed in ICP Oh yes, in which we noted that the majority of lead is forming minerals right like we saw the.
Daniel Makowsky: Previous slides we saw tons of Galina crystals forming but very few style right and we confirm that an ICP Oh yes, where most zinc was staying in solution, whereas the majority of lead is leaving solution.
Daniel Makowsky: In order to confirm the precipitates we used X RD and we we analyze the preservatives and the substrates separately, so that we didn't contaminate or so that we could easily distinguish the two different components.
Daniel Makowsky: And one, as this was the 120 degrees Celsius sample we see that we form mainly the galena Oh, I should mention that this is the passivity it's not the substrate that we analyze.
Daniel Makowsky: that's why it's very high and going and the sulfur well we noticed when we had hide temperature runs.
Daniel Makowsky: We at the hundred and 20 degrees Celsius we noticed all these silver species formed and we noticed that there it formed alpha sulfur a lot of rosicky eight, which is very important, because these sulfur species are typically found at high temperatures zones.
Daniel Makowsky: We found in two S, which is had increased sulfur we saw much less speciation when at lower lower temperatures.
Daniel Makowsky: This one it had no sulfur added and we're still working out the minerals exactly what are in here, but we saw no sulphides mainly highlight and other.
Daniel Makowsky: Other salts form.
Daniel Makowsky: This for us, as opposed to the one s so one us as a full composition at an elevated temperature this for us was the full composition at a 70 degrees.
Daniel Makowsky: temperature 70 degrees Celsius and what we noticed is the silver species, while it's still formed galena here, we saw that the silver species was actually a gamma silver, and this is indicative of a lower temperature system.
Daniel Makowsky: When removing the.
Daniel Makowsky: The zinc that's when we saw this lori night as caused by the rays and oxidation state and then, when we remove lead this was not imaged at all, but we removed lead and we finally forms on foul right.
Daniel Makowsky: So that's important because it shows us that there may be a kinetic input to the simplicity of these Galina and foul right formation.
Daniel Makowsky: The presence of lead it may just be preferentially forming this galena and that's why we are seeing these these chemicals zones um it might not be due to this chemical mixing which has been proposed, many times in the past.
Daniel Makowsky: So the preliminary conclusions I have i'm still running analysis and I plan to do ICP Ms as well as.
Daniel Makowsky: disperse of X rays, but for now our conclusions are that when you use a full concentration as found in MBT fluid inclusions you will produce small galena but no spout right.
Daniel Makowsky: When you use high temperatures 120 degrees Celsius the dolomite will actually begin to dissolve visibly and become pitted which is indicative of appreciation process.
Daniel Makowsky: When the temperatures are move reduced and concentrations have you will actually get less nuclear sites and as more sizable mineral growth, the dolomite dissolution will actually diminish and when you include zinc the dolomite disillusion decreases even for to further degree.
Daniel Makowsky: The temperature and concentration variation may dictate the cyclic deposition that scene and the driving factor, maybe kinetic.
Daniel Makowsky: The removal of sodium sulfide now hydrate at low temperature prohibited any sort of.
Daniel Makowsky: galena our spouse right from forming so thermal thermal chemical reduction at these temperatures may not be a driving factor for the deposition of MBT deposits in these areas and the use of sulfur speciation may be able to be used to identify the different temperatures of formation.
Daniel Makowsky: And that's it.
Tom Hudgins: Well, thanks, a lot for the talk Danny we are.
Tom Hudgins: Out of time for questions, right now, so we are going to move on to our next talk now, this one is going to be by marissa barefoot talking about an.
Tom Hudgins: iron deposit in Puerto Rico.
Tom Hudgins: There is, are you ready.
Marisa Barefoot: hey Tom yeah i'm ready.
Tom Hudgins: All right, well with that, the floor is yours.
Marisa Barefoot: just getting you guys situated all right, so my name is marissa barefoot i'm a second year masters student at auburn university and today i'm going to be presenting on my thesis research where i'm working on developing a genetic model for the T bez deposit in Puerto Rico.
Marisa Barefoot: I want to start by saying I know there's a handful of people in the audience, who are extremely familiar with Puerto Rico but just hang in there with me.
Marisa Barefoot: So Puerto Rico is an island in the Caribbean, you can see it on the map here is to the east of Cuba and the Dominican Republic.
Marisa Barefoot: And it's located on the eastern end of the greater Antilles island chains, you can see that here, further to East, you also have the lesser into least I wouldn't change.
Marisa Barefoot: It for you guys had a pretty complicated geologic history, it was originally deposited off the west coast of South America before it made its way East to it's correct position.
Marisa Barefoot: And it's part of the Puerto Rico virgin island microplane which is kind of sandwich between the North American and Caribbean plates.
Marisa Barefoot: And because of the motion of these two plates query goes currently experiencing a counter clockwise rotation.
Marisa Barefoot: which you can see, exemplified here by the areas of extension a compression that's around the island, so we see some extension and the end gotta pack passage amount of Canyon pretty good trench and it's a compression to the Northeast itself plus.
Marisa Barefoot: This dynamic logic history is result in a variety of or deposits, so we have deposits of copper iron nickel koval gold and lead.
Marisa Barefoot: And mineralization is associated with cretaceous igneous activity, you can see in the map here home, most of the deposits are spatially associated with the interest of rocks to cover the island.
Marisa Barefoot: And the middle part of the island is made up of a mixture of igneous rocks that are kind of bounded on the northern and southern into the island by more recent carbon brooks and the team has iron deposit is denoted here by this orange star.
Marisa Barefoot: down and also has a pretty extensive all system has generally Northwest turning, although there are some more localized northeast trending faults and once again the TV has deposit here is currently classified as an iron scarf.
Marisa Barefoot: So stars can host a variety of different metals, so they can have iron gold copper zinc tungsten Melinda number 10 and they can occur and pretty much any tectonic setting with magnetic activity.
Marisa Barefoot: That being said, they're often found within magnetic arcs that are related to subduction nice condo CREST.
Marisa Barefoot: Their mineralogy is struggling controlled by depth and the redux conditions of both the futon and host rob So you can see in the figure to the right, for example.
Marisa Barefoot: We incorporate more iron three plus and garnets produce more oxidized conditions and we incorporate more aluminum manganese and our T plus and gardens and will reduce occasions.
Marisa Barefoot: And this kind of highlights the fact that we can analyze the composition of our minerals to tell us a lot about the formation conditions of our deposit.
Marisa Barefoot: scars form and a few stages, so the first stage occurs, right after magnetic intrusion and it's characterized by contact metamorphic ISM, so this is at temperatures around 600 to 800 degrees Celsius.
Marisa Barefoot: And the stage produces a baked zone that kind of surrounds this magnet body, you can see that, with the orange dotted line here and now we're going to zoom into this white box for the next part and.
Marisa Barefoot: So during this stage this part of the metamorphosis is considered as a chemical, so the chemical composition of the rocks things saying and most often what we see for scars is this transition from limestone marble.
Marisa Barefoot: During the next stage as volatiles begin to dissolve for mega body and magnetic fluid certain flow per host rock we start to.
Marisa Barefoot: produce this characteristic zoning here, and this is produced by medicine matic alteration so we're adding new elements to the system and producing the minerals, but not melting the rock.
Marisa Barefoot: So you can see, in a zoning here, which is pretty characteristic for irons cards, in particular where we go from a zone of the zone is dominated by garnet and then pure Axion will last night and finally marble.
Marisa Barefoot: Then, as our system cools meteoric waters able to infiltrate the system, and this causes the precipitation of our minerals.
Marisa Barefoot: my collaborators at university of Puerto Rico my best Dr hudgens and David do you have a name is Mario who will be speaking after me they've done some preliminary fieldwork and found these massive magnetite bodies.
Marisa Barefoot: They found these mathematic findings that appeared linear and they haven't orientation related to the local fault systems.
Marisa Barefoot: Their field observations hadn't really matched with what we would expect for a typical start and that's led us to the hypothesis that team is actually formed, as a result of the higher temperature system.
Marisa Barefoot: You can see a couple of those magnetite bodies pictured here this one being approximately a meter and width and we have a second one back here what you can also see is that there's somewhat parallel to each other, which is interesting.
Marisa Barefoot: So the next step of this investigation was to collect samples, and you can see some of those pictures here and we use a backpack cordial to collect our samples, so that we can kind of spatially target or sampling to avoid.
Marisa Barefoot: areas that are more altered can see that backpack for drill here sitting on top of one of the magnetite bodies.
Marisa Barefoot: The team has deposit also outcrops one the Rio Portugal, which you can see here and there's a couple of magnetite bodies in the background, as well they're very large and it's really great that outcrops one report together because it's really well exposed accessible so that's Nice.
Marisa Barefoot: But to address our hypothesis, we really need to analyze the or mineral magnetite and since magnetite is an iron oxide, we really only have two major elements to work with that's iron and oxygen.
Marisa Barefoot: So we did some preliminary geochemistry by analyzing the iron isotope composition of men.
Marisa Barefoot: And this analysis was done at the University of British Columbia on a multi collector ICP Ms.
Marisa Barefoot: And this type of analysis has been done on magnetite from a variety of more deposits, which you can see, on the right.
Marisa Barefoot: And we report iron isotopes as delta 56 iron, which is the ratio of 56 to 54 and our sample compared to 56 and 54 and our standard and our standard for iron is a synthetic class material IRA and then 14.
Marisa Barefoot: We analyze three samples from two different or bodies and our delta 56 values for two hours or within the range of point two 1.39 per mil.
Marisa Barefoot: And you can see those audit and read on the figure to the right.
Marisa Barefoot: Next to these values, you can see, are nice to have values for magnetite from iron oxide appetite iron oxide copper gold for free and then some igneous rocks.
Marisa Barefoot: And these kind of represent our higher temperature and more magnetic systems and we can also define this magnetic range by this orange box here.
Marisa Barefoot: And then, further to the right, you can see magnetite from some lower temperature system, so another I or scarred abandoned iron information in a different way that formed by hydrothermal replacement.
Marisa Barefoot: So we expect for our lower temperature systems to fall below this orange box here and what you can see is that the team has values for well within this magnetic range and they actually match closer with some of these higher temperature systems like I always is a genius and portraits.
Marisa Barefoot: So this data kind of supporting our hypothesis that team is formed, as a result of a higher temperature system.
Marisa Barefoot: So this planetary gator really highlighted the fact that we need to do more work on the team is deposit.
Marisa Barefoot: And so the main objective of my research is to combine field observations with geochemical analyses to develop a genetic model for the to deposit and reevaluate its current classification as ours card.
Marisa Barefoot: So to address this objective we're going to have a couple of main research questions they're pretty broad, but the first one being How did the cheetahs and deposit for, and the second one being into which or deposit classification, does it fit so if he has is not a scar and what is it.
Marisa Barefoot: i've done some photography looking at thin sections here at auburn on the microscope and, in general, we have three main features so we've got our magnetite To start with, and.
Marisa Barefoot: Our magnetites kind of characterized by these bugs and fractures that can be seen, both within magnetite grains and also between them, you can also see.
Marisa Barefoot: In general, just some variation and abundance of these bugs and fractures so, for instance in this photo here, you can see kind of a more concentrated area of these bugs and then over here there's relatively less.
Marisa Barefoot: We have a lot of you huge on grains of magnetite she can see kind of here, and here, and we also have a lot of zone magnetite and we also see some really nice awesome towards owning as well.
Marisa Barefoot: Next feature of note, would be the bugs so we can look at some of these bugs there's a lot of variation in the size to these books, but some of the larger ones, we can really look at and.
Marisa Barefoot: they're filled with a variety of secondary minerals like Sarah site calcite 17 and hematite we also have some heavily altered broken down fells bars and pure scenes and a little bit of pirate and.
Marisa Barefoot: You can see some of those broken down felt spars here, and here, this one is reflected light so we've got magnetite pyrite and calculate right and then over here we have a couple bugs that are just completely filled with certainty and or kelsey.
Marisa Barefoot: We also have some veins through our samples, and most of the bands are either rich and calcite or hematite and sometimes we have a little bit of parasite and surfing team, and we can also see a little bit of those sulfites in there as well, so some pirate and Calipari.
Marisa Barefoot: In this image here, you can see, this really big vein of hematite and it's actually intersecting one of these bugs that's full of a mixture of certainty and suicide.
Marisa Barefoot: This one, on the other hand, is just a large vein of cows I.
Marisa Barefoot: have also done some work on the electron micro here in auburn university and in this BSE image here, you can see some of that zoning I was talking about, so we have some really nice concentric zoning and some of these guys.
Marisa Barefoot: And since we're seeing that and BSC it indicates some kind of variation in chemical composition those colors are based on average atomic numbers so.
Marisa Barefoot: there's definitely something going on and we The thing is, we don't really see that same zoning reflected in our elemental maps.
Marisa Barefoot: We do see a little bit of increased silica and calcium, and the darker bands on actual WCs analysis but it's hard to see in the actual elemental maps.
Marisa Barefoot: We see very little titanium hole, so our next step is to kind of fully characterize this trace element composition of magnetite and see if we can figure out what's going on with this zoning.
Marisa Barefoot: and trace elements I want to point out of just a really powerful to chemical tool, because they all behave very ugly under specific conditions like temperature redux a pH.
Marisa Barefoot: And since these behaviors have been well characterized by other studies we can analyze the composition of our magnetite to determine the formation conditions.
Marisa Barefoot: So in this discrimination diagram you can see trace element compositions with magnetite from a variety of different or deposits, so we have scars zone appear abandoned our information or an oxide copper gold for free and Karuna, which is another name, for I always positive.
Marisa Barefoot: And since this data has been compiled from magnetite from a variety of deposits, we can develop these discrimination diagrams that allow us to kind of.
Marisa Barefoot: figure out what deposit the magnetite came from essentially and.
Marisa Barefoot: The reason we looked at these elements and titanium and binyam in particular is because they are food and mobile.
Marisa Barefoot: And we would expect them to be in relatively lower concentrations in our lower temperature systems like this and scars and relatively higher in our high temperature systems like port for us and created deposits.
Marisa Barefoot: I didn't want to point out that this is in large scale and so we're still talking about variations that are very small, less than a way percent right here's one way percent and that's combined for titanium empty.
Marisa Barefoot: So we got some preliminary trace element data from the micro probe for a few different magnetite samples, and what we can see if there's a large amount of variation both with an individual samples and between samples.
Marisa Barefoot: A large portion of the tetons data falls within what we define as the scars down here but son also falls well within the poor free or ios.
Marisa Barefoot: And within each individual sample we also see a somewhat linear pattern to the data which indicates some sort of compositional change throughout the evolution of the system so.
Marisa Barefoot: This data, right here really just tells us that more work needs to be done to characterize these variations and determine if there is a spatial relationship for these variations, either on a deposit scale so between or bodies or even on a microscopic scale so like quarter and.
Marisa Barefoot: We also have some magnetite analyzed for oxygen isotopes by Dr Elliot Benjamin at the University of Oregon on their laser for nation line.
Marisa Barefoot: And oxygen isotopes are also reported the delta notation as delta 18 oxygen, which is the ratio of oxygen 18 to oxygen 16 in your sample compared to 18 and 16 and your standard and the standard in this case is smell or standard mean ocean water.
Marisa Barefoot: So in this case we analyze fine magnetite samples from five different or bodies and we got delta 18 values between 3.35 and 4.80 per mil.
Marisa Barefoot: Once again, you can see those values for tedious plotting and read and you want to point out that these do all have error bars, but some of the aero bars are small enough to be covered by their data point.
Marisa Barefoot: But once again, we have this orange box that defines the magnetic reach for oxygen isotopes and we have a similar set of deposits down here, so I owe a.
Marisa Barefoot: CG and it gives reference material kind of representing our higher temperature systems and then our iron scarring biff in this other ios are lower temperatures.
Marisa Barefoot: And what we can see once again is that the team has values fall out with them that magnetic range and once again match more with the higher temperature systems and don't really reflect what we would expect for new hires.
Marisa Barefoot: So we can also pair iron and oxygen isotopes to identify the source of iron oxide in the sun has been done in a variety of studies.
Marisa Barefoot: And we also have to combine this ice took data with trace element data to distinguish between magnetic hydrothermal and purely magnetic signatures, so this is kind of why it's important that we do both.
Marisa Barefoot: But what you can see here is it's that same magnetic range defined for iron and oxygen in the space here, so this represents magnetic or high temperature magnetite.
Marisa Barefoot: We have a similar set of deposits listed here which are plotted and you can see that all of our high temperature systems all in this range here.
Marisa Barefoot: On the other hand, are other iron scarred and if an IRA or lower temperature systems for weight on here so.
Marisa Barefoot: They have a lighter oxygen isotope signature and a small amount of variation oxygen as well, we can look at variations and oxygen isotopes also to help identify.
Marisa Barefoot: alteration in our samples so as samples become altered they become relatively lighter and oxygen isotopes so they will fall over here, so we see that the iron isotope signature is not as affected by alteration, but the oxygen is.
Marisa Barefoot: So, if it does is not a scar and what is it so one possibility that matches well with all of our preliminary data so far would be that it's an iron oxide appetite deposit, for I owe a which I know I keep bringing up.
Marisa Barefoot: But these deposits are dominated by structurally control magnetite bodies, but their exact formation is pretty highly debatable right now, and this will be the first example of an iowa in an uncreated island dark.
Marisa Barefoot: So or deposits form under different conditions, so their classifications reveal valuable information about the geologic history of an area.
Marisa Barefoot: Puerto rico's or deposits in particular are grossly under study and by using these new geochemical methods we can really characterize the team as deposit and an unprecedented way.
Marisa Barefoot: A potential reclassification of the team has deposit would have major implications for understanding of Puerto rico's geologic history and the deposits economic potential.
Marisa Barefoot: And I just like to take a minute to thank my funding you just use svg GSA lippman research Ward through GSA Dr Hans my collaborators that up er and Dr blinker and the economic geology and geochemistry lab group for their help, throughout this project, and at this point i'll take questions.
Tom Hudgins: All right, thank you marissa I think we have time for about one question.
Laura Bilenker: Have a question.
Laura Bilenker: So I know that coven kind of messed up your plans to go to Puerto Rico earlier and so now you've got some preliminary data you thought a lot about this deposit that you haven't seen yet.
Laura Bilenker: in person, how has that kind of shaped your strategy for the field when we do get to go hopefully soon.
Marisa Barefoot: Well, I definitely know what i'm looking for now.
Marisa Barefoot: It would have been kind of going in blind to begin with, and just gone straight field mapping, but at this point, I know there's variations, and so I really need to be careful about.
Marisa Barefoot: First off, I want to map the or bodies, I think there's roughly 16 that have been found, but mapping those and getting a really good maps, you can see the spatial relationships and then also.
Marisa Barefoot: paying attention to where i'm getting my samples.
Marisa Barefoot: So the spatial relationships between our bodies, but also within a single word body, whether i'm taking the sample kind of at the edge or in the middle, or something like that.
Laura Bilenker: sounds good.
Tom Hudgins: Alright well.
Tom Hudgins: Thank you for that marissa.
Tom Hudgins: it's now 345 or 445 here in Puerto Rico so let's move on to our next talk our next presentation is from Bobby Joe and readiness area.
Tom Hudgins: That we are you are you ready yeah.
Tom Hudgins: All right, all right well with that I will give you the floor.
David: Okay, so.
David: i'm going to be sharing my screen right now, so if nobody can see it feel free to, and you know.
looks good.
David: Okay, so.
David: So good afternoon everybody, my name is David today, I am going to be talking about my master's thesis project.
David: In the TVs or deposit.
David: So the title is growing at abundance in the Bay scorn Puerto Rico a potential petro chronometer.
David: So basically this is going to highlight what's been done so far and what's.
David: being planned on being done in the forthcoming months so.
David: So, first of all, what exactly is is gone so to recap what my calling marissa said a scar and it's essentially a product of contact metamorphic ISM where you have an igneous body intruding rocks that are composed mainly of carbonate or capsule.
David: And so, this reaction with the magnet and the carbon and competition, creates a reaction that creates a variety of different minerals like garnett and piercings and also a different ornamentals like iron zinc Ken and all kinds of metals that make this and economically important department.
David: So this project is taking place in the island of Puerto Rico the island has.
David: A variety of different or deposits that have been relatively understudied and within these or deposits, there are at least three iron deposits, there are currently classified as iron sparks, and so the team is corn is located in.
David: south of the island.
David: Let me the place appointed south of the island in the Conservative Party, and it occurs along a river that provides a continuous exposure on scorn.
David: And so, as we look at the geologic map here, we see the the main river the river.
David: And this is the TV star, which is a direct intrusion that's likely responsible for the information on this path in the first place.
David: And so, this corn took place within the Lego God says and jaco formations, which are mainly composed of book kind of classic and sedimentary rocks with some limestone and.
David: Proximity as well, and so to scorn, which is highlighted here in read this contact oreo is currently classified as in the mouth, as the Horn smells like oh God assess Angelica formations so.
David: There have been very limited amount of projects that have been in this corn, the first student that started to describe discounting classified.
David: made a rough geologic math throughout the river and essentially distinguished three specific zones, but we have a garnet an adult and externalised zone, we have a massive magnetite zone, and we have a horn felt zone so throughout the entire scorn, we can see.
David: an abundance of garnet minerals throughout the different rocks so for example here have a few clusters of garnet within the Cornfields we have.
David: Also here so i'm going to crystals on this rocks and here we have some yuki draw crystals in the in the actual magnetite.
David: So this then begs the question, so what can these garnets tell us about this department, so if we go to the field, you can see, essentially.
David: That there are at least three garnet populations, so we have garnet associated with posted within Horn fells runs we have gone in associated with method magnetite and we have garnet that is associated with recrystallization calcium.
David: So taking a look at garnet that hope that's hosted within harmful rocks these generally occur as clusters of you, he drove crystals like we see here here's a close up of these.
David: quarter centimeter scale crystals, and so they generally occur.
David: In this type of clusters together now we move to garnets that posted within the massive magnetite, we can see that they are generally more finer grained even though there's also.
David: Some crystals that are larger.
David: And so, for example, here we can see another.
David: With garnets covering the 90 type rock was also some pockets or lenses of courts.
David: And so garnets that are hosted within direct crystallized calcite we there also tend to be finer grained and very a group together so here's another example.
David: Of these garnets what's interesting to note here is that they also form these sort of linear patterns on the rocks and they can also be scattered throughout the entire rock as well, like so.
David: So.
David: Here we have another example have different going to clusters, on top of the rocks and hear more towards to side we see sort of like lagers of garnet that makes the rock scene superficially almost stratified knowing.
David: And so, moving on to the photography to looking at the end these minerals optically.
David: A previous project look at infections of these rocks to look at the neurology look at going into production calcite.
David: And will So here we have an example here of one of those things sections, we have a garnet crystal here towards the Center within the calcite roundness.
David: And so what's interesting to note here is that this garnet, we can clearly see that it is don't so we have a zone, a which is ISO Tropic and we also have a zone be wishes by your engine.
David: And so, which is kind of weird because we are generally taught that garnets our ISO topic, and so this crystal should look essentially completely like zone, he shouldn't be isotopic.
David: And so we made more thin sections of different governments throughout the scorn Here we see a cow same vein, and towards the edge.
David: Of this when we can see these garnet crystals and we can see the exact same feature, we have a nicer traffic core with by changing rooms throughout the this edge of this calcite dream.
David: More along the same vein, we can see.
David: The same Fisher throw essentially all the crystals we have isotopic course and buyer stringent rams here we have a full fight a pirate crystal within the Vance well.
David: Here we can see, essentially the the inverse me see a essentially a biter fringe and core with an ISIS Tropic cream.
David: And here we have a crystal that is essentially completely biography biography engine.
David: So, not only do we have exactly.
David: Like I said profit chorus and butter for engine room so, for example in this example, we can see a garnet crystal that within this isotopic core.
David: Is you can see, somewhat faint layers of better friends.
David: And here we can see someone more clearly, we have exactly a, for example in this crystal a buyer finjan core.
David: and ISO Tropic Ram essentially and within this is a Tropic layer, we can see smaller thinner layers of better fringes and here we can see it in this.
David: area as well, we have better fringes layer and and I saw topic later with several thin layers of microfinance so this stoning, we can also see in playing polarized light, as you can see here right represented by lighter colors darker colors.
David: And these two samples there too thick they're not 30 migrants, especially the one on the right, but I did want to highlight more of these zoning patterns that are found in these in these garnets.
David: So, for example, here we can see if sort of diamond shaped zoning patterns in here as well, just sort of make the crystal look kind of like an intellect fossil So these are interesting zoning patterns that are found throughout visa fraud these guides in the scorn.
David: So by our friends in garnets is not common it's rare it's a rare from a phenomenon and so that begs the question exactly what kind of going it's our thing.
David: So there we had composition analysis for one garnet Crystal and so the data shows that is essentially a solid solution of granular and and today.
David: Which is typically called grand date, and so, if we look at the literature for garnet compositions in iron scones in general.
David: We can see that these compositions tend to vary from either pure android two grand and even though our data essentially leans more towards the granular side it is essentially consistent with the data that we're seeing here.
David: So granddad garnets they are anomalously by your thinking which explains what we've been seeing throughout discussion so far and.
David: They are also, like many other garnet crystals like other minerals, they are show common commonly they are commonly zone so.
David: wish here is represented as layers of by your fingers and ISO properly.
David: And also data from the garnet sample that was analyzed you can see that there is an inverse relationship between brasil and Andrew died.
David: Throughout the Crystal and till we get we reach the rim, which has a more direct relationship between the two.
David: And so, whether this is can be correlated to buy your opinion rim and isotopic core or vice versa, remains to be seen, but essentially this inverse relationship is consistent with the literature with how.
David: roster and ended I behave in random.
David: So to close up these garnett populations this zoning that we're seeing optically they can all be indicative of different events or processes that have been occurring during the formation of your deposit.
David: And the composition of branded for these garnets essentially implied that there were sparring related processes or lower temperature hydrothermal processes involved during the formation in a few minutes.
David: And so what does this mean for the future of this project, essentially, the fact that there is an abundance of garnet within this deposit.
David: makes it any powerful tool to essentially elucidate the genesis and the evolution of this or deposit so gone, it has been described as the ultimate petrol chronometer.
David: Because of its wide variety of uses, not just in football in a better graphically but also do chemically.
David: So there's a lot of information that can be taken from these garnets such as GEO GEO chronology.
David: You seen uranium lead dating for these garnets, which is a relatively new method to directly date the crystals rather than using including like tonight or appetite.
David: And we can also look at the chemistry of the fluids that essentially precipitated these garnets and internists led to the formation of a few days.
David: And there has also been some work using garnet and associated minerals with si scorn GEO thermometer.
David: So the there's a lot of information that can be taken from these garnets in order to better clarify what kind of deposit this is and how its formed and whatever implications that may have to the the job history before we go and the Caribbean in general.
David: So Lastly, I just want to thank my advisor Dr huggins and also, I would like to thank Dr longer and Mirza barefoot for sample analyses and for their.
David: Overall, interest and collaboration with this project so with that I open the floor for any questions for anybody or for marissa since there's plenty of time awesome.
Tom Hudgins: yeah so if there are any questions for David feel free to unmute yourself and ask now.
Laura Bilenker: Have a question about your future analyses.
Laura Bilenker: How are you going to target or how are you going to choose which garnet to do those analyses on especially I guess within the context of the deposit itself.
David: Right, so my plan is, since there are different garnet populations, especially within the magnetite and different.
David: marble rocks are because, like calcite essentially goes through us the three zones that I mentioned earlier, as the acid base.
David: And essentially goes through.
David: garnets associated with with each magnetite body or which with each marble unit and essentially use the photography the same sections to identify which show like more complex zoning which of these garnets look more.
David: more representative of the rocks or of the zones to then use your clinical studies on them.
Laura Bilenker: sounds good to me.
Tom Hudgins: Questions for David.
Laura Bilenker: I have another question.
Laura Bilenker: This is use it so much time at this deposit and I know there's still stuff that.
Laura Bilenker: is left to discover.
Laura Bilenker: Is, are there any other minerals or textures that you know beyond garnet and beyond magnetite that might be worth investigating in terms of understanding the order deposit and or just the bigger geologic picture in Puerto Rico.
David: yeah um.
David: One thing that I was talking with.
David: Tom some weeks ago was using the cow site veins and the overall be crystallized cal state I say God thermometer as well as using pump isotope piteous or almond tree and see how that works in its current setting I don't believe that much work has been done using data on farms.
David: But I also thought that could be an interesting adding avenue to explore, as well as some other projects at least.
David: Given that there's just a bunch of calcite and a bunch of marvel throughout the entire is fun I figured that could provide a lot more information as well and that deal.
Laura Bilenker: yeah I think that'd be great.
Tom Hudgins: anybody else have questions.
Tom Hudgins: Well, in that case.
Tom Hudgins: I think we can move to our next break, which is a 15 minute break starting now ish and.
Tom Hudgins: yeah I guess as Laura said get up move around shake out facilities grab some some coffee some water whatever you need to do.
Tom Hudgins: And then we have two posters coming up at I believe for 20 would be at the time.
Laura Bilenker: of five after the hour right, no, no, it is five after the hour yeah four.
Laura Bilenker: or 520 if you're in the eastern time i'm putting a couple of links in the chat one is the sounds of the auburn arboretum so there's if you want to listen to some creek sounds.
Laura Bilenker: And thank you all for sticking around, so we have two more presentations and fluids melts and metals, we kind of started off in an igneous focused chugger talks, and then we transition into economic geology and or deposits and now we've got to two talks that.
Laura Bilenker: are both for deposits and on the admin side of things so it's a nice sort of full circle session.
Laura Bilenker: Oh right.
Laura Bilenker: So y'all can see all this is post or maybe we'll just do it this way.
Laura Bilenker: Okay, and i'll press play and if someone can just come in and tell me that it's going.
Laura Bilenker: That would be great or Elizabeth you can just give me a thumbs up.
Laura Bilenker: hi my name is alyssa there and i'll be presenting over my master's project which is focusing on building a framework for interpreting molybdenum isotope ratios and or deposits.
Laura Bilenker: will look to them as a significant element and it plays an essential role in industrialized society it's primarily used as an aloe an agent and still to increase its strength and resistance to corrosion and heat, which makes it ideal for heavy construction.
Laura Bilenker: look it up can be found in a variety of geological settings but the primary host is in the mineral molybdenum.
Laura Bilenker: The main source for all of them can some hydrothermal fluids in order deposits like porphyria scorns it up, but then we'll deposits.
Laura Bilenker: For free to posit, which is the most common source from all of the non forms in the upper crust when my magic hydrothermal fluids are released from the magnetic system into the surrounding wall rock which is represented here by the white circles in the pink belt.
Laura Bilenker: or minerals are deposited within the extensive fracture networks above the magnetic system.
Laura Bilenker: scarring deposits form one of my medic body intrudes a carbonate rock altering the wall rock which can be seen in the blue section.
Laura Bilenker: But there are multiple visits form within the upper most part of the cross from hydrothermal fluids heated by a nearby magnetic system which can be seen in the red section.
Laura Bilenker: Depending on its proximity to the intrusion both magnetic and meteoric fluids, can contribute to the formation of the have enough of thermal deposit.
Laura Bilenker: These systems host a range of temperature and redux conditions, depending on the fluid source and the rock compositions these deposits are fond under different conditions and, as a result of a variety of processes which can be recorded in the isotope ratios.
Laura Bilenker: My research questions are what kamala dinner isotopes tell us about the source of aluminum or deposits and how it's transported in geological fluids.
Laura Bilenker: And our in our molybdenum isotopes and molybdenum so far is still pairs a useful geochemical tool for understanding the formation and evolution of or deposits.
Laura Bilenker: Different geological reservoirs have different molybdenum isotope composition and ranges which are reported in delta 98 will have them.
Laura Bilenker: and measured and parts per thousand relative to the 98 molybdenum 96 will have known and unknown standard.
Laura Bilenker: olivia nights have a wide range of isotopic compositions that can record a variety of geological processes.
Laura Bilenker: While molybdenum has been modeled and I still geochemistry has been well studied and low temperature environment little research has been done in high temperature environments.
Laura Bilenker: As temperatures salinity and oxygen sagacity increases molybdenum solubility increases and is transported in the paper phase and magnetic systems.
Laura Bilenker: So if you got it has a strong control on the partitioning and precipitation have been lifted up.
Laura Bilenker: When silver if you ghastly increases molybdenum six plus is reduced to molybdenum four plus and precipitated asthma live tonight, this process will affect the molybdenum isotope composition and is believed to be the leading cause for Isaac for molybdenum isotope variations.
Laura Bilenker: However, previous studies have analyzed molybdenum isotope compositions of molybdenum in high temperature or deposits and did not find a systematic pattern.
Laura Bilenker: So by incorporating another well stay isotope system, it can potentially illuminate the processes recorded and the molybdenum isotope signatures of middle of the night or.
Laura Bilenker: To answer my research questions I will need to collect molybdenum samples from a variety of or deposits.
Laura Bilenker: And i'll analyze the molybdenum isotopes on a multi collector inducted a couple Plaza mass spectrometer an animal and i'll analyze the silver isotope ratios.
Laura Bilenker: On the isotope ratio mass spectrometer i'll pay them a little bit of isotope composition, which is a non traditional stable isotopes with the silver isotope composition, which is a well, so you traditional stable isotopes.
Laura Bilenker: isotope the isotope pairing technique has been done in or deposits and it's traditionally been used with hydrogen and oxygen to trace fluid sources and rocks and minerals.
Laura Bilenker: it's recently been used with iron and oxygen to determine the source of iron oxide like magnetite and hematite because hydrogen and oxygen are not present, to use the traditional method.
Laura Bilenker: So by analyzing middle of the night, which is composed of molybdenum and sulfur from different or deposits, we can observe any differences in the molybdenum and silver isotope compositions between or deposits.
Laura Bilenker: And following the iron and oxygen approach, we can test the molybdenum and silver isotopes as a tool to fingerprint the sorts of molybdenum.
Laura Bilenker: Because these isotopes systems are affected by redux conditions pull up denim and silver isotopes can potentially give us insight into the redux evolutions and conditions within or deposits.
Laura Bilenker: The goal of this research is to contribute to the framework in which we can interpret it interpret molybdenum isotope ratios in or deposits.
Laura Bilenker: and better understand how molybdenum new to the crust and if successful, we can use molybdenum and silver isotope pairing as a new tool for understanding the formation of molybdenum bearing or deposits.
Laura Bilenker: Thanks alyssa, the floor is yours, so if there are any questions for.
alyssa.
Marisa Barefoot: I have a question for you um have you thought about looking at trace element compositions of your Melissa tonight.
Elyssa Rivera: So, since it's still a relatively new technique, we are going to characterize all the samples that we get.
Elyssa Rivera: But by looking at previous literature, we found that, looking at the trace elements aren't really going to shed too much light on information about the source of molybdenum so we'll look at it, but we're concentrating more on the isotopes.
Okay cool thanks.
Daniel Makowsky: I had a question concerning how you can.
Elyssa Rivera: Ensure.
Daniel Makowsky: The accuracy of your silver isotope data or how accurate the isotope ratio analysis is i've read many studies of.
Daniel Makowsky: Just a lot of complications when it comes to measuring silver isotopes.
Elyssa Rivera: Oh yeah that is actually really good question i'll need to look more into that i'm curious on what what articles you've read where you've come across that.
Daniel Makowsky: Among mainly it's it deals when it when talking about.
Daniel Makowsky: Mass spectrometry like and actively coupled plasma optical or mass spectrometry.
Daniel Makowsky: i've read that silver can be kind of difficult, I myself have had trouble using oh yes to measure silver.
Daniel Makowsky: i'm just wondering if the because I know.
Daniel Makowsky: it's a isotope ratio analysis I don't know if that's a.
Daniel Makowsky: Different method of measuring.
sulfur.
Elyssa Rivera: yeah so I know for the isotope ratio mass spectrometry we're going to convert it to the gas form and then that's how we're going to measure the silver the silver isotopes.
Elyssa Rivera: But i'll definitely keep that in mind on the issues and i'll look more into that.
Laura Bilenker: yeah I think.
Laura Bilenker: that's a great question and definitely applicable to the ICP stuff so the inductive a couple of plasma part.
Laura Bilenker: Of the mass spectrometry.
Laura Bilenker: And so, for IMS there is no ICP and so, and because you're analyzing the the gas.
Laura Bilenker: yeah so that's.
Laura Bilenker: it's just a difference in instrumentation and methodology.
Laura Bilenker: But it is still fresh challenging at an eye oh yeah there's a lot of reasons why silver is challenging.
Laura Bilenker: Any other questions for alyssa.
Haibo Zou: Have a one comment.
Haibo Zou: In terms of.
Haibo Zou: offer us told analysis, so you can try a secondary mass spectrometry that's one way, although I said he was you know seems relatively works.
pretty well with our software.
Haibo Zou: Just come here.
Laura Bilenker: hi Bo just know, I have a question.
Laura Bilenker: i'm Melinda night analysis has been done by sense.
Haibo Zou: Of that, apart, I don't know yeah yeah, but I do know seems worse and pretty well with a cell phone no one's the best law yeah yeah.
Haibo Zou: Oh no.
Haibo Zou: My song yeah yeah and with a lot of stuff you've got a kind of.
Haibo Zou: You know matrix the fat all this stuff with a cell for a better with a sense, you know less challenging and sense yeah but I show you know for everybody to get any high quality work it's always our is always a challenging enough yeah there's a challenge.
Laura Bilenker: cool thanks thanks alyssa if anyone has additional questions, we can put them in the chat um excuse me, but now you're on to our.
Elyssa Rivera: Final presentation.
Sarah.
Laura Bilenker: This is a list of poster again almost showed it to you twice.
Laura Bilenker: Okay i'm serious ages geely from auburn.
Laura Bilenker: Okay, this is the correct one and i'm about to play it and let me know, please if we don't know everyone can tell you what my research which is titled open system magnetic processes and conditions for Shannon and walking is from northwestern Tibetan plateau.
Laura Bilenker: So the goals for this research currently aims to better constraint, the sources of magnetic material, whether that be crystal or mental.
Laura Bilenker: magnetic conditions, including temperature pressure and connectivity of macro reservoirs automatic processes, including mixing of MAC indoors and we should have crystal material.
Laura Bilenker: So that's a little bit of background, as a Christian or two of the most prominent member of the issue or volcanic cluster has shown in this image here.
Laura Bilenker: So this is an active since late nice to see we see 14 okay nose and many other associated volcanic features.
Laura Bilenker: At this is on located on the Tibetan plateau with a fake continental crust providing a very unique geologic setting in which we can study recently active volcanism one thick continental crust.
Laura Bilenker: The St Shannon will push on our testing rich tricky and decides, as our current theory to 38 dorian to 30 disequilibrium isotopes have yielded ages of point 07 in a for the issue Sean and point 0113 for the local Sean this firmly demonstrating their young age.
Laura Bilenker: let's get into a little bit of the results, so the first set of results, I want to present or the magma Chamber pressure and temperature specifically for the ash and walking out so using.
Laura Bilenker: compositional data of client a pair of seeing orthopedic steel and glass phases, that we determined to be in equilibrium.
Laura Bilenker: We could calculate on using methods to find five per ticket to 2007 the estimated pressure and temperatures of the Su shun.
Laura Bilenker: magma chamber and that's we could extrapolate out depth so results from this is that a pressure range of between 5.6 and 7.1 kilo bars.
Laura Bilenker: Which extrapolates to adapt them about 18.5 to 23.4 kilometers and a corresponding temperature range of between 1081 degree Celsius and 1140 degrees Celsius.
Laura Bilenker: So, in order to evaluate the assimilation of Christian materials in this month for us to the first was the strong team isotopes of pledges place winners and the second was zero con uranium dating.
Laura Bilenker: The first team isotopes what we found.
Laura Bilenker: Is that we see an enrichment individual pleasure plays Greens versus the whole rock and this is critical, because of how tightly place actually forms it's more sensitive to variations in the medical composition of specific compositions of shanty and.
Laura Bilenker: What we see is this enrichment of the pleasure of the screens in relation to the whole rock or oprah value is that the magma Chamber the magma composition was actually changing in the marketplace through meaning, as we interpret to be to show that crystal summation was occur.
Laura Bilenker: So when we look at her search query lead to what we see is that there are multiple H populations found so we see our largest spike of.
Laura Bilenker: age population occurs at 02 ma and we enter these to be through the recent eruption fan of Chris that crystallized directly from American.
Laura Bilenker: We do also see a significant number of older populations these we interpret to be assimilated country rock from the term cray time which.
Laura Bilenker: In our data we have several Spikes tweet about 508 hundred ma n 2.5 2.8 GPA and these also correspond with important in placement admits that occurred and the children crayons.
Laura Bilenker: Overall, our estimates for pressure and temperature are in agreement with the limited other work and the region, how we do plan to evaluate the Luca Sean more in depth for.
Laura Bilenker: magnets paper pressures and temperatures, we do some evidence crystal contamination, though, we would like to continue to see what role, if any, this changing Magnum composition, or the Cross contamination had on changing my composition.
Laura Bilenker: Thank you, Sarah sorry i'm sorry it was hard to see, but what i'm going to do is share the poster so we can look at it, while we ask Sarah questions.
Laura Bilenker: Okay, hopefully, you can see the poster oh goodness me.
Laura Bilenker: I am not good at these virtual books.
Laura Bilenker: I.
Sara Speetjens Gilley: mean i'm not either so i'm not sure how I somehow switch the screen recordings but.
Sara Speetjens Gilley: anyway.
Laura Bilenker: Okay, hopefully, everyone can actually see this.
Laura Bilenker: Questions for Sarah.
Laura Bilenker: I was wondering if you wouldn't mind just elaborating a little bit more on the.
Laura Bilenker: The magma Chamber pressure and temperature section that barometer.
Laura Bilenker: yeah.
sure.
Sara Speetjens Gilley: So this is.
um.
Sara Speetjens Gilley: This was done using the microbe and essentially it was a orthopedic seen climate period seeing measuring compositions compositional data from both of those minerals phases and glass phases.
Sara Speetjens Gilley: and
Sara Speetjens Gilley: there's some pretty detailed just work where deriving give there any equilibrium, you can pull out using the competition's magma Chamber pressure and temperature conditions, so this was kind of a small like one analysis I had we.
Sara Speetjens Gilley: Probably have four or five different individual calculations that i'll kind of yield at these ranges so.
Sara Speetjens Gilley: This is a particular work presented.
Sara Speetjens Gilley: In that that publication.
Sara Speetjens Gilley: But but yeah I mean it was just math behind it using compositions.
Laura Bilenker: As additional questions.
Laura Bilenker: Okay well if there's no additional questions for Sarah we actually our third poster how to withdraw she wasn't able to join us and so Tom I don't know where you are in my.
Laura Bilenker: gallery people.
Laura Bilenker: Like i'm somehow my handling of zoom has gone downhill over the course of the meeting, instead of getting better apologize.
Tom Hudgins: Was was that a cat that I saw over on all the screen.
All right.
Laura Bilenker: Gentlemen in.
Laura Bilenker: sessions over I guess the cats are coming in um yeah so I wanted to thank everyone, especially for sticking it out on day two and where.
Laura Bilenker: it's 440 now here in central time so I know it's even later in eastern time but there was a great range range of talks we had lots of student presentations which I thought was really great you guys are all doing impressive work.
Laura Bilenker: And so it was nice to see what's happening in the southeast and, hopefully, so when Tom and I.
Laura Bilenker: wanted to put together this presentation we were hoping that people in economic geology and high temperature geochemistry in a nice metrology we build a network in person, but hopefully in future southeastern GSA meetings we can have a similar collection of people.
Laura Bilenker: and get to know each other in person to you so.
Laura Bilenker: yeah I feel like we've been around the world, a couple of times today.
Laura Bilenker: By staying in the southeast I learned a lot so yeah Thank you all Tom do you have anything to add.
Tom Hudgins: Nothing just just yeah we wanted this to be a space where everybody in sort of all walks of metals in fluids and or deposits high temperature low temperature experimental.
Tom Hudgins: could come together, especially students you guys can all I mean we are a small community, as we saw today just talking about.
Tom Hudgins: Someone who used to be here and who's now in Mississippi on how many minutes, this is a small world and some of these networks that you can form early in your career.
Tom Hudgins: can end up as lifelong friendships with people to help you out in your career as you move on into wherever you go, whether it be academia that.
Tom Hudgins: Industry any sort of professional job anywhere so yeah we we hope we can do this again in the future, and we hope that you all enjoyed it.
Laura Bilenker: You had a lot of good presentations and.
Tom Hudgins: I learned a lot very happy to be part of this.
Laura Bilenker: cool well unless anyone has anything else to add I think that's it for us.
Laura Bilenker: Oh, one last Thank you and.
Laura Bilenker: yeah hope to see you guys in person at some point.
Marisa Barefoot: Thanks guys.
Daniel Makowsky: Thank you, everybody have a happy holiday weekend.
Laura Bilenker: Nice to meet you.
Daniel Makowsky: Nice to meet you too high.
Laura Bilenker: yeah I guess it's just over now.
Tom Hudgins: Oh.
Laura Bilenker: What is that.
Laura Bilenker: Oh it's a cat.
Laura Bilenker: cats are here.
Laura Bilenker: yeah so thanks Tom.
Laura Bilenker: And thanks heather for your help earlier.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: Thank you, I was trying to show you my cat but my my background is blue is blurred so.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: i'm like wait.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: it's there somewhere I swear to God.
hold on.
Laura Bilenker: I think.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: he's right.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: sitting there, like all day.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: Now, not facing camera So you can see his face.
Laura Bilenker: He said we're.
Laura Bilenker: Always wait parts come up like.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: he's got it looks like that man.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: hey he's like no.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: Like.
Tom Hudgins: Oh.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: My mask he.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: put me back.
Laura Bilenker: And let you leave for you.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: Yes, it's close to midnight.
Laura Bilenker: well.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: i'm a word for GSA and so everybody nj edge essays in Colorado.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: So I work late anyway.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: yeah and.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: I volunteered to work even later.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: i'm a night owl.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: I go to bed at like two o'clock in the morning.
Laura Bilenker: Well, we appreciate it.
Tom Hudgins: yeah.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: yeah it was it was interesting session I was a geology person i'm a.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: master's in English metrology so it's.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: On your.
session.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: don't think you.
Laura Bilenker: know, one of the.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: Really, there are a few people believe it or not, at GSA who are actually trained geologists most of them are something else you know publishers are meeting planners or whatever good be and vicki the director and that Dawson and trusting and there's a couple others but we're the minority.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: anyway.
Laura Bilenker: Nice to meet you.
Tom Hudgins: thanks for all your help.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: Having your session was great.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: Other cat you can't see her she's.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: February cats of zoom.
Laura Bilenker: Have a good weekend everyone.
Tom Hudgins: Happy holiday weekend.
RISE GSA Staff Heather Clark: I will let the text now have those sessions finished.
Tom Hudgins: All right.
Thank you, thanks.