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Jeffrey Ryan: Think is 230 we can go ahead and get going, but we've got about five minutes to kill in the front end of this um so everybody, welcome to undergraduate research to.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Our second undergraduate research session here at the section meeting I am Jeff Ryan, I am a professor of geology at the University of South Florida in the school of geosciences I am.

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Jeffrey Ryan: I guess by best description a hard rock geologists with a marine focus spend a lot of time on ocean drilling cruises and things like that.

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Jeffrey Ryan: My co convener i'll let him introduce himself.

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Lee Phillips: Emily Phillips i'm at the University of North Carolina greensboro where my job as Director of undergraduate research.

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Lee Phillips: i'm cemetery geologists who specialized in stabilized token mental mental G chemistry and former geology.

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Lee Phillips: Professor before I moved into this world of directing undergraduate research exclusively across the whole of the campus so.

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Lee Phillips: These sessions are particularly dear to me, as you all are undergraduates and it's just such a wonderful opportunity for you to take some time to present the work that you've been.

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Lee Phillips: progressing towards for who knows how long, some of you, if you want some of you a few years.

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Lee Phillips: And then communicate that to each other and to the Community so it's a very valuable experience and if you don't mind Jeff i'll just i'll just toss out some i'm wearing my undergraduate research directors hat right well.

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Lee Phillips: um you know some of the value that comes to you at through this experience, you may not begin to realize until a little bit later, but I think it's better when you know what you're getting.

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Lee Phillips: Out of an experience so i'll tell you one of the things that was the most important to me was the relationship that I built with my undergraduate research advisor and that relationship is still exists it's in a very different form today than it was.

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Lee Phillips: 30 years ago but it's it still exists, and what it provided me was an opportunity to prove myself beyond the classroom and and it provided him with.

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Lee Phillips: The knowledge that was so important, when it came time to write letters of reference for me as I moved to the next levels of well I stayed in academia, obviously.

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Lee Phillips: Yet, at that point in my life I didn't really know where I was going to go and I figured that I would work in the environmental sector.

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Lee Phillips: and

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Lee Phillips: The one thing that he was able to do that none of my other professors were able to do is a test of my ability to be present my ability to think critically.

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Lee Phillips: To synthesize information from abroad background.

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Lee Phillips: To meet deadlines to.

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Lee Phillips: Work in a team to work towards solving what was a relatively complicated problem with respect to the research.

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Lee Phillips: As well as my ability to communicate the results and those ladies and gentlemen, are tremendously important values and attributes, as you move forward in life so.

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Lee Phillips: Congratulations to you as young scholars, who were involved in research and for taking the opportunity to present it here today.

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Lee Phillips: It will serve you well this experience, no matter what you do in life will serve you well going forward and the relationship.

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Lee Phillips: is important, of course, the science is also important we're excited to hear your science so i'll get off my soapbox, but I just wanted to say those things to you and for you.

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Lee Phillips: and for your consideration.

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Jeffrey Ryan: And i'll follow with noting that both Lee and I are geoscience counselors in an organization called the Council on undergraduate research which is focused on.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Helping provide these experience to speakers, like you, across all disciplines and and we've been sponsoring these sessions per oh gosh years and years and years at this point.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Because we think it's important that you have the opportunity to present the work that you've done and and.

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Jeffrey Ryan: And just likely, I look forward to hearing this and I I think back to my olden days as an undergraduate and they were a long time ago now, when I didn't really get opportunities like this and i'm just impressed with the kind of stuff that y'all can do.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Okay, so with that let's move on to the first presentation here.

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Jeffrey Ryan: The title of which is coven shuts one door opens another planning and logistics for field work and protozoa croc sampling in the wet mountains using GIs authors are Isabel Harris and Ruth aronoff and our presenter is Isabel Harris so Isabel go ahead and.

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Jeffrey Ryan: make yourself available there and legal goodness gone.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Sound is off.

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Lee Phillips: My name is Isabel Harris and i'm a junior earth and environmental sciences major firm and university.

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Lee Phillips: My project is covert shuts one door opens and other planning and logistics for fieldwork in progress as a rock sampling in the white mountains using GIs.

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Lee Phillips: The coronavirus has made 2020 and a challenging year to conduct research and both field and settings you to travel restrictions and social distancing requirements.

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Lee Phillips: The purpose of my research project is to investigate constant growth and evolution of the protein his own basement of the wet mountains in Colorado and determine whether subduction between an oceanic and continental plate occurred, causing the picker reese rajini.

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Because of the cancellation of travel and field where I revise this project to include the use of geospatial technologies tools and spatial data to plan for fieldwork in the summer 2021 season.

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Preparation for the field trip included selecting sampling locations by factors such as ease of access type in age of rocks and presidents of minerals, based on an iceberg roadmap This project was designed as a creative way to make detailed plans during a time of restriction.

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This first map shows the campsites locations in relation to the mineral collection sites, as well as roads and trails all the trails that will use are connected to the campsite.

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This summer I began to research and conducted literature reviews and then created the either grab map which I overlaid on Google earth map of the wet mountains.

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In the fall I collected data for GIs mapping, including DM trails road land cover geologic maps in campsite locations.

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I analyze this data to make plans for the field and created maps using our GIs pro rgs online in huge is to visualize this information.

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This map was created to help determine where to collect samples based off of ease of hiking based off of a slope rating system all collection sites are within 20 meters of a road or a trail.

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This final map is a combination of geologic maps the eyes of roadmap I created.

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To target certain index minerals in trails roads previous sampling locations sampled my my research advisor Dr aronoff in future locations.

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I chose these locations based off of rock type and looking for metamorphic or igneous rocks from the meza.

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meza protozoa to Paleo protein is a period, also the hiking accessibility and likely minerals to be found, help me choose these locations.

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They were also chosen towards the middle of geologic regions to account for possible map error, the scale on this.

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On this map is horizontally temperature in Celsius and vertically is depth in kilo bars be colored lines represent the eyes of grab map of metamorphic zones where specific minerals melts and are formed.

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In the future i'd like to create an itinerary in Plan transportation food gas logistics and cost in and create an overall budget.

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Finally, i'd like to acknowledge Dr aronoff and Dr Suresh further guidance, thank you for listening.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Okay um.

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Jeffrey Ryan: So we have this bell here any questions for Isabel about the presentation.

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Jeffrey Ryan: I have one myself i'm not familiar with the Web mountains, where we're about are we where are about are we.

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Isabelle Harris: Yes, it's in southern Colorado okay rocks were focusing on they were uplifted in the rocky mountains, but formed about 1.4 billion years ago.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Ah, OK.

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So they're.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Basically protozoa cage rocks.

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Jeffrey Ryan: i'm trying to think geographically here.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Where are they you don't just again my knowledge of Colorado is slightly limited.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Whereas it relative to is it.

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Jeffrey Ryan: relative to the front range relative to the songwriting Christos those I know.

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Isabelle Harris: yeah i'm not too familiar with those but it's we apply into Colorado springs and it's your play blow.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Okay, so its downsides it's so South central Colorado them okay okay i've been been in that part of the world and that's actually that's actually sort of close to the same grace so i'm cool place actually so and the what courses, the trip for.

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Isabelle Harris: So my undergraduate research project I discussed it a little bit, but I took a GIs class this last semester so for my final project, I wanted to do something that had to do with my research which i'll be working on more in the summer.

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Isabelle Harris: Okay, this is.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Okay, so this is this is this is literally setting up the foundations for your.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Okay that's very cool.

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Isabelle Harris: I couldn't do too much i'm physically this semester regarding my research, so I decided to make some plans about what I could do during coven.

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Isabelle Harris: Right.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Alright cool.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Just prowling your poster here just looking at the map, a data again.

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Jeffrey Ryan: sign is about.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Okay, there we go.

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Jeffrey Ryan: So.

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Jeffrey Ryan: What is the.

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Jeffrey Ryan: What are the, what are the specific questions that you're going to try to answer here once you get the chance to get out there.

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Isabelle Harris: So we're looking into the events that happened about 1.4 billion years ago in that area and we're trying to prove whether said subduction between an oceanic and continental plate occurred, causing the victories or rajini.

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Isabelle Harris: So i'm we're going to get some more samples to analyze the metamorphic feces.

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Isabelle Harris: To see like the pressure and temperature conditions and figure out what happened there.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Okay cool.

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Jeffrey Ryan: I see a question the chat, how do you think using GIs enhanced your understanding of your coming research project.

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Isabelle Harris: So one thing I really like to do about it when I got the geologic maps, because I could overlay it on there, and make it kind of 3D then also add the slopes in the trails to that.

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Isabelle Harris: So being able to pick sampling locations within the geologic regions of specific rock types I wanted.

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Isabelle Harris: and putting that deer referencing on that on a real map was something that would be very helpful if I get get to go with the field season.

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Isabelle Harris: and also the eyes of God map I made with there's a pressure temperature trends from the Northwest to southeast in the Web mountains, that was also help visualize it when I chose the sampling locations.

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Isabelle Harris: Okay, very cool.

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Jeffrey Ryan: So my last question, my last question for you is when when do you think you're going to get to go.

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Isabelle Harris: i'll be researching this summer through June and July so as long as coven allows will be heading to Colorado sometime within those months.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Okay well we'll keep our fingers crossed for.

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Isabelle Harris: That sounds really cool.

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Jeffrey Ryan: All right, thank you very much, we can move on, we should probably move on to the next presentation at this point.

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Jeffrey Ryan: i'm.

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Jeffrey Ryan: The next presentation is entitled outcropping micro scriptural evidence of defamation history in the Webster eddie ultra morphic body blue Ridge trust complex North Carolina author is our otter back waters tomi fagan and lusk and so see ya other back will be the presenter so.

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Jeffrey Ryan: If you're ready.

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i'm Cecilia other back and i'm finishing up my undergrad.

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Grad degree at Western Carolina university and I will be sharing some of the preliminary results of my senior thesis today.

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i'll be talking about them microstructure is found within the samples taken from the Webster addy thing and Silva North Carolina.

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The Webster, how do you ring is a part of a train interpreted to be remnant of the early paleozoic.

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accretionary wedge home FLEX prior work has only classify this as an alternate body and very little detailed mapping has been done this project provides some of the first reports of the defamation micro structures from within the Webster addy ring.

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This is an ongoing study where our initial sampling was done in 2019 by the senior geology capstone group at Western North Carolina university.

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Picking up where they left off, I made for them as a mix of all 12 of their samples and for additional samples from the Abbey corey.

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here for samples were chosen to get electron backscatter the fraction data EBS D for short, based on the column being present and the samples of beliefs, hydrothermal alteration and fracturing.

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The samples chosen are adding one it to jv sex and jv a and they all fall within the tonight classification.

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After EBS data was collected pixels differing more than 10 degrees from their neighbors were removed as outliers the bsd data was then rotated about an access normal to the fully ation to account for the lack of lenny ation.

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This rotation helps to get a reasonable crystal graphic preferred orientation cpo for short, based on the all of.

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microstructure maps were then made using m TT E X matlab toolbox jenga process the mineral abundances were taken for all loving institute dioxide in North at night during this process, mineral grains were also.

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Artificially grown to across fractures to their.

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Other pieces.

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And reconnect any sub grains found these then regrown grains were rotated to match the rest of the data and then plotted on stereo next.

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Our results are divided into two sections section for a shows the results from the petrol graphic analysis of the photos mosaics of JP six GB as an addy one.

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The second row shows some representative micro structures of each sample aside a NS hated it inside be not.

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All of these sample show recrystallization textures throughout the entire second section is important to note that both jv aids and jv.

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Lee Phillips: i'm working to fix that I apologize I don't know how to tell it stopped didn't get it started again.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Okay, doing such a funny.

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Lee Phillips: To be six and we're not consistent in thickness so enter ference color colors aren't on.

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Section for beef focuses on EBS the data analysis results, the first row shows the samples phase maps lift the next two rows showing that the samples have to find the cpu patterns.

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The bottom left so it shows a visual for how JP six Wer were rotated in the bottom right corner shows that individual minerals color coded depending on which crystal graphic axes is going in and out with the paper facing the reader.

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This further explain explained within the section duggar description.

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Our current interpretations are as follows the samples in the study are ultra ultra mile nights because they exhibit evidence of penetrative.

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Rico external ization textures including all of you and practicing CEOs the ductile defamation was likely dominated by dislocation create at high homework yes texture temperatures due to the combination of well defined CPS and the textures.

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Cry previous work has found that the surrounding terrain is an increase tonight wedge complex with mythology is thought to originate at oceanic spreading centered.

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The Webster it ring could recently record evidence of the sharing as let the sphere move relative to the female sphere gehring divergence.

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Thank you for coming.

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Jeffrey Ryan: All right.

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Jeffrey Ryan: um okay let's we have any questions for Cecilia.

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Jeffrey Ryan: If no one has any i'll start.

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Jeffrey Ryan: I am really, really curious as to how you found fresh enough tonight to work with in blanton branch corey Personally, I know that corey.

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cecillia utterback: um I didn't do the sampling for this project.

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cecillia utterback: That was done a year before I took this project on.

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I.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Okay.

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Jeffrey Ryan: So so somebody else had to do that head have that struggle.

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Jeffrey Ryan: it's a very it's a very altered corey which I mean you can see you've been out there right.

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cecillia utterback: yeah i've been out there, once we did plan on going out there more but that got changed to cover.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Oh, of course, yeah so it's a it's there's a there's a tremendous amount of.

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Jeffrey Ryan: So you know really messy interactions to go on out there and so i'm impressed that you you've got some done i'd samples that you can do this work on and i'm also intrigued by the orientations that are coming up, so the idea of it being highlighted in particular I think that's.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Not something people have said about these things but it's very, very sensible so.

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William Doar: There are a couple of questions in the chat.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Okay, good so.

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Jeffrey Ryan: What.

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Jeffrey Ryan: let's see what i've got a question here, but i'm not exactly sure I know what it means, what is the reasoning for artificially growing crystals.

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Jeffrey Ryan: did that.

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cecillia utterback: um so that was done on the face maps diagrams where.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Oh okay.

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cecillia utterback: yeah we just found like the.

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cecillia utterback: Word the fractures had taken place, we found the partnering.

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cecillia utterback: piece of that Crystal and we reconnected and counted as one data.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Oh, I see I see so you're actually computerized reconstruction of the other, of the other Greens okay cool.

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Jeffrey Ryan: and

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Jeffrey Ryan: What are the in the other another second question here, what are the main takeaways slash implications of your project and understand the rocks of the of the allegheny and really rich.

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cecillia utterback: i'm that.

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It.

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cecillia utterback: um the main takeaway is that we have a piece of the oceanic left the sphere up here in the blue Ridge mountains arm and that it could recently have recorded defamation before.

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cecillia utterback: The oceanic plate collided with i'm not a MAC and leave.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Okay um what i'll follow that question up with one is, if you the defamation you're seeing do you have any be do you have any y'all have any idea, yet when when you think that is, in other words what's the dominant defamation time for the features that you're seeing in these rocks.

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cecillia utterback: um so the old information would have taken place in the division.

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cecillia utterback: And maybe some prior to the order mission during the seduction of the oceanic plate.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Okay Okay, thank you very much um any other questions okay with that we need to move on, so thanks again.

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cecillia utterback: hi Thank you.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Our next presentation.

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Jeffrey Ryan: is entitled preliminary structural analysis of a high strain zone in the eastern Piedmont Georgia authors are.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Williams and Danish.

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Jeffrey Ryan: And the presenter is sherry Williams.

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hello, this is a preliminary structural analysis of a high street in zone in the eastern Piedmont Georgia.

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Previous work demonstrates that the tectonic units of the eastern P ma are key to understanding the final stages of development of the southern appalachian mountains.

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In Georgia, the province as well studied adjacent to the pine mountain window and near the border with South Carolina however existing geologic map show need for more detailed investigation in the central part of the state.

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figure one is a generalized geologic map of the study area, the exposures in the Tony national forest about 40 kilometers northwest of milledgeville Georgia.

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Previous mapping places this location in the Charlotte terrain, a paragon wanted infrastructural terrain note the goat rock fault zone in the southwest corner of the map and the mohawk fault zone is off the map to the Northeast.

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figure to is an overview of the outcrop looking downstream we set up a string line grid with two meter by two meters spacing and systematically mapped recorded attitudes and took representative samples.

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The outcrop is approximately 35 meters of structural thickness with inner layered pervasively deformed and fibula and fells pathak Nice.

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The main fabric of the outcrop is my island, it was deeply dipping fully ation and sub horizontal mineral initiations the average strike of the full ation is approximately 57 degrees.

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The main fully ation s3 as well as attitudes of minor fold axes and Buddha next we're plotted on stare graphic projection.

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The upper stereo net represents the main fully ation plot, it is great circle traces the outcrop pattern indicates affiliation is folded into a series of ice a client will fold they'll fold axes marked by the orange dot was also plot on the stereo now.

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The lower stereo and that shows the attitudes of steeply dipping plunging minor F three fold axes and booting next these plots show that the structure is associated with the methylation are consistent with trans professional sheer.

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figure four is a close up of the inner layer to infiltrate and filter pathak Nice that defines the entire outcrop courts felt are poor for class are prevalent throughout.

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figure five is one of the minor fold axes that were plotted on the stereo net.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Non systematic intervals of amphibian light boons were observed, mostly recording doctoral share in this particular interval, we can see symmetrical and is symmetrical boot knowledge, however, the burdens and their associated a symmetric sheer fractures record mostly textural sheer.

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Others structures in this outcrops, such as the isolated share fracture shown here indicated overall textural shear and figure eight shows have felt Spar poor for Class with an asymmetrical tail also indicating depth she'll share.

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During PETRA graphic analysis, we observed that chloride white Mike and minor by a tight define the sheer structures.

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This mineral assemblage indicated screens just conditions which is consistent with late allegheny and defamation, the microstructure is also an overall recorded textural movement.

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figure nine as an example of a symmetrical budaj with talk to the rideshare sounds figure 10 as a court cells bar aggregate poor for Class was a symmetric asymmetric tales that record textural sheer.

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In addition to the main fabric s3 optical analysis revealed at least two generations of folding s one s to note that the sigmoid cords vein indicates deck she'll share and truncate the earlier folding.

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However, as in the macroscopic scale some structured indicators industrial sense of share, such as the courts felt spark for for Class scene and this figure.

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Structural analysis shows evidence for at least two generations of folding as well as local non pervasive mylan ization.

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mineral assemblages and the felts pathak nice indicate green just conditions during formation of the main fabric s3.

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The presence of asymmetrical and symmetrical booed knowledge for for Class with mcs year since intermittent violin I.

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N, is a client of folding suggest transgression with a general north east, south west actual sheer.

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structures and kinematic indicators in this outcrop are consistent with structures and kinematic indicators and both of mode off and go rock vault zone further mapping is required to establish the relationship between this outcrop and regional faulting.

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Thank you.

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Okay.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Thank you very much um.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Any questions for for sharing here.

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In a minute, you know, I guess, people are typing.

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Jeffrey Ryan: I have one i'll just start.

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Jeffrey Ryan: So I was curious and looking at your images.

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Jeffrey Ryan: You got some amphibian lights embedded inter inter interpolated into these.

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Sheri Williams: Yes.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Okay, and the so the defamation, you said was sort of green chest faces.

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Sheri Williams: As indicated by the mineral assemblage.

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Jeffrey Ryan: yeah yeah and so so i'm guessing the football, I mean, so the unfamiliar and fill the lights are usually point to a higher grade but i'm guessing that this is sort of later stage defamation that.

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Jeffrey Ryan: i'm just yeah.

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Sheri Williams: The history yeah this the s3 mylan ization that's over printing a higher grade defamation mm.

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Jeffrey Ryan: hmm okay.

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Jeffrey Ryan: and

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Jeffrey Ryan: The courts there's there's and you're definitely mean some of the shapes are.

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Jeffrey Ryan: just looking at you're looking at some of your images, here are some of the shapes are almost suggestive of magnetite development, but that would require being things being a whole lot harder and it, so I mean if you're a green chest, I presume you're you're mostly just dealing with.

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Jeffrey Ryan: copyrights and copyrights and muscovite and things of that nature as far as as far as sheet silicate go in there, I mean that's sort of certainly with pictures look like.

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Sheri Williams: yeah that's pretty much what we saw in there.

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Sheri Williams: So.

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Sheri Williams: I mean i'm just assuming over printing.

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Jeffrey Ryan: mm hmm okay.

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Jeffrey Ryan: and

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Jeffrey Ryan: This is.

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Jeffrey Ryan: This is our this is Eastern Piedmont so probably what what age, do I mean do you have any sort of timestamp for the defamation events.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Like.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Events or are you sure yet.

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Sheri Williams: Well, no we're not really sure yet other than that we see three different phases in our location.

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Sheri Williams: Just just laid allegheny one.

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Sheri Williams: Or at least allegheny mm hmm.

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Okay.

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Jeffrey Ryan: yeah let's see.

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Jeffrey Ryan: And it's basically I guess the other thing that struck me is curious, so that the m for the lights are.

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Jeffrey Ryan: notched, which is to say they're behaving in this sort of quasi brutal way.

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Yes, interesting.

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Jeffrey Ryan: and

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Jeffrey Ryan: I don't know I mean, I guess, I guess that makes sense to me I just i'm trying to sort of think about the.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Last one i've seen that i've seen budaj and footlights before but usually much higher grade and it's usually because they have.

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Jeffrey Ryan: felt Spar and them that's more resistant to that higher temperature sort of mileage Nick defamation, but in this case it's it's probably just said it's really, really, you know the football is a much higher temperature assemblage so.

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Sheri Williams: So yeah yeah.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Okay um.

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Jeffrey Ryan: So, what are your.

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Jeffrey Ryan: What are the, what are the, what are the future plans to to pursue this or what do you what what's next steps.

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Sheri Williams: Well i'm actually this was supposed to be presented last year, so we resubmitted i'm already in my master's Program.

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Sheri Williams: So i've kind of moved on, but i'm doing a write up of this right now and been playing around with some geophysical data and modeling.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Oh okay sweet sweet okay we're good.

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Jeffrey Ryan: um other questions from anyone.

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Jeffrey Ryan: All right.

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Jeffrey Ryan: um.

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Jeffrey Ryan: I think that's I don't see anything in the chat obviously hang on me sure um yeah doesn't look anything on the chat so.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Thank you very much Harry.

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Sheri Williams: They will.

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Jeffrey Ryan: will move on to the next.

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Jeffrey Ryan: presentation here.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Which is.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Shifting continents i'm investigating mineralogical and PETRA logical characteristics of the flood basalt on the Ethiopian plateau.

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Jeffrey Ryan: authors are brodsky.

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Jeffrey Ryan: And Ghani.

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Jeffrey Ryan: And Madeline brodsky will be the presenter.

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Jeffrey Ryan: hello, my name is Madeline frosty an undergraduate geology student at Western Kentucky university and today I will be presenting my ongoing honors thesis project title the investigating mineralogical in PETRA logical characteristics of the full assault on the Ethiopian plateau.

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The Ethiopian plateau located in East Africa is part of the East African riffs around the legacy a big a widespread flood basalt event occurred covering an area of over 500,000 kilometers.

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This was followed by younger shield building volcanic events, along with continental drifting, this is a unique area do the ideal volcanic and tectonic conditions which allow for a complete record of volcanic activity.

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The goal of this study is to characterize the composition and texture of the basalts understand the geographic distribution and interpret the general volcanic history of the region.

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This project consists of several different aspects, including remote sensing using digital elevation data in centennial to satellite images then section photography and compositional analysis, be a scanning electron microscope.

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Here we have two rgb images created from a satellite image captured by the centennial to satellite courtesy of the European Space Agency.

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These images are comprised of 13 bands representing different wavelengths these images show two different band combinations that highlight the basalt extent with the lavender color.

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The focus of this image is a film festival that is present in the result you can clearly see the zoning that occurs in the McDougal and the spectrums underneath show the change in composition.

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figure six through 11 show some examples of different sections made from the results expose.

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The results has a wide variety of textures natalie float a line graph showing shine and figures, six and seven, the previously mentioned amazing tools in eight, nine and 10 figure eight being a good example of the clear zoning and and all being glamour and Chris and Victor 11.

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The composition of episodes include project place votes are all living in a big minerals, the wide variety of textures is most likely due to the different layers of options of flood basalt on the Ethiopian plateau.

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Ongoing will be continuing to look within sections with both the picture graphic microscope in the scanning electron microscope.

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Also, we anticipate being able to date the samples easy are gone to chronology this will lead to a better understanding of the nature of the volcanism of the Ethiopian plateau with applications and understanding, both past and present climate change.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Okay, thank you very much um.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Any questions.

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i'm sitting here, looking at this poster yeah.

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Jeffrey Ryan: I can get it to behave itself on my screen.

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Jeffrey Ryan: So I have a couple if no one else does.

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Jeffrey Ryan: I am curious about.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Madeline here i'm looking for.

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Jeffrey Ryan: ios MAC oh there, she is okay, I see you know i'm i'm curious about the.

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Jeffrey Ryan: But Saul so I was looking at those thin sections there great images.

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Jeffrey Ryan: So they're very felt super rich is that typical for these.

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Maggie Brosky: All of the results in that region are very varied so for the ones that we're looking at they have their a big variety of textures and compositions but a whole lot of them did have a really high fields for content.

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Maggie Brosky: interesting.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Because normally when we.

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Jeffrey Ryan: When we when you're talking about flood basalts.

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Jeffrey Ryan: They they often it well, I guess that's the question if we you know just looking at some of these some of these images.

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Jeffrey Ryan: They.

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Jeffrey Ryan: It looks like.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Of assaults are now maybe they are, I felt it felt spark filling in around pyrex scene and other things have already crystallized so i'm just trying to i'm a pathologist and i'm trying to get a sense of the order crystallization is all.

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Jeffrey Ryan: So i'm.

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Jeffrey Ryan: The.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Alright, so.

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Jeffrey Ryan: I have a question in the chat.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Was there a specific region and Ethiopia, that you focused on.

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Maggie Brosky: Yes, our study was in the East African root zone so kind of the northern, eastern part of Africa mm hmm.

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Jeffrey Ryan: So up toward basically up toward the Red Sea or Eritrea in that area or further.

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Jeffrey Ryan: As the rift sound runs.

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Jeffrey Ryan: all the way down until like Tanzania so i'm.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Just.

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Maggie Brosky: I mean I.

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Maggie Brosky: For Ethiopia specifically it's kind of near the middle of the country.

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Maggie Brosky: Okay really close to the River zone.

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Jeffrey Ryan: yeah okay.

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So.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Interesting OK, and then you've got a.

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Jeffrey Ryan: I mean, I get in the weeds here on yeah.

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Jeffrey Ryan: i'm looking at your figure nine.

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Jeffrey Ryan: which has, which is the basalt is clearly a lot of a lot of kind of periods similar object in there with the felt Spar and then.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Then is.

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This.

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Jeffrey Ryan: That the thing in the middle of the image is basically filled bicycle is that the.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Is that what it is, I noticed there's it looks like carbonate is that actually like calcite in the core of this thing and.

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Maggie Brosky: that's what I was thinking it was yeah we haven't completely determined that for sure we have to do a little bit more studying on that.

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Maggie Brosky: yeah a lot of the film festivals are definitely silica carbonate kind of minerals interesting.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Okay now there's also quota almost looks like it almost looks like accumulate texture in there you've got it looks like the red in the corner you've got the sort of red flag curtsy filling in around the filter bar so which is.

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Jeffrey Ryan: That that's a texture you see on the ocean floor sometimes so it's a curious to see it here as another chat in the.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Other questions question here in the chat very interesting has any research been done to address the variety of textures etc.

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Jeffrey Ryan: In a tectonic and magma evolution perspective and, if so, how did your study bolster a change previous understanding.

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Maggie Brosky: So that is pretty much our end goal is to understand the evolution of the area in general we haven't been able to completely finished this obviously, but that is the goal for sure, and so far it's helped us understand the landscape, a lot better.

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Maggie Brosky: You looking at the way that the.

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Maggie Brosky: mag most have changed through time and things like that.

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Jeffrey Ryan: mm hmm.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Do you know okay.

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Jeffrey Ryan: The lot of there's a there's a whole lot of opaques in these.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Any any beaten what the topics are.

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Maggie Brosky: Not very sure, but our plan is to continue with the scanning electron microscope analysis, so that would be able to determine what some of those epic minerals are.

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Maggie Brosky: yeah.

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Jeffrey Ryan: I mean, given how much of that there isn't here, you might try a magnet to.

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Jeffrey Ryan: just see because.

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Jeffrey Ryan: You got.

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A couple possibilities.

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Jeffrey Ryan: One of which is magnetite and and that would be.

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Jeffrey Ryan: An interesting one if you've got a bunch of it, and it would be obvious, as all heck if you had it because you just throw a magnet up to it, and it would definitely drive.

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Very.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Good some of the crystal shapes or suggestive of that so.

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Jeffrey Ryan: The other option would probably be in the night, which wouldn't be magnetic so I mean to our first cut you could try to do that, even on the thin section I mean it could work so.

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Jeffrey Ryan: yeah sort of.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Dan did you have any bulk composition data on these at all, or is it just photography at this point.

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Maggie Brosky: Just photography at this point we haven't done anything with book composition.

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Maggie Brosky: Okay okay.

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cool.

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Right.

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Jeffrey Ryan: so well, thank you very much, this is really cool.

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Maggie Brosky: Thank you Trevor.

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And we can.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Here in a minute move on to our next presenter.

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Jeffrey Ryan: we're going to stay in Ethiopia, for a little while i'm.

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Jeffrey Ryan: very different.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Oh, here we go.

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Jeffrey Ryan: Here is the next presentation of 4039 our guns your chronology of the mo chain of bravo.

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Jeffrey Ryan: refining the occupational period of late price to seen hunter gatherers in China bravo rock shelter and Southwest Ethiopia arm the authors are craft brand and sprain and olivia cracked is going to present.

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In early corner of the main lead to a position of volcanic ash material during a time in which really are also occupying.

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Jeffrey Ryan: These materials, sometimes innovative between fossils and archeological and these can provide a means of ensuring the time energy of these hominids Jennifer go is a layperson archaeological site located on.

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The bottom or is a 2.9 million year old you know active in the granary it's on the western room, these are made up of nerves, and these have.

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been Highlands This can be seen on the mapping bigger one eastern region is Muslim religion right coronary age lecture.

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material, a lot of this has been extensively reworked so hunter gatherer on TV right in America in know if I left a lot of archaeological material here bedded between organic.

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acids in the.

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musicals were like different more.

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This was.

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supposed to be used for correlation.

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Here the fall the Georgian occurred archaeological site.

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So the samples underwent homework, do you can restrict by major elements around this in preparation for originating was also certain.

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Simple schools and elevation instead of a unit we're good together, so there were a total of 15 tables that were down in the 60 units are relative position can be seen in nature, to get the column of vigor for.

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So until the hergert irons.

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me samples have a medium to high weight percent of aluminum and exceptions, this is unit, which has a demon aluminum an iron be much higher percentages.

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So the manganese magnesium and calcium backwards show was clustering and the other blocks the majority of the samples are low and.

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High in magnesium and calcium, with the exclusion of units dx a chart in the view and the sodium potassium phosphate by bugs will show the greatest amount of variability between these.

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These units more specifically include an la RS w H le jargon.

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So all of these units show murder to live, so you read the rest of these units are very sort of these symbols also show a large range of potassium.

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For the phosphate by plot clustering exists for all you didn't accept an la JARA nwa take a look at the total a Globe versus the diagram noun degree being returned a burger samples are plotted against little samples in number ones on a minute.

363
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To adequate enough to the samples which this research available databases, there is kind of a gamble preference for the realistic invisible material, rather than the immediate ones that's one thing there's less than a minute.

364
00:47:22.750 --> 00:47:28.090
But much of the research that's been uploaded onto this database include more fields in meetings turtles.

365
00:47:29.410 --> 00:47:37.390
Jeffrey Ryan: So with That being said, magenta Burgos samples are largely defined as targets in tracking anything with for samples being classified as filings.

366
00:47:37.960 --> 00:47:46.420
Jeffrey Ryan: These local voice actually integrates intervening sites are concerned with what we expect the same return bravo in and enter likely looks like.

367
00:47:47.290 --> 00:47:53.890
Jeffrey Ryan: From the MoDem or possibly even the hearts either way they would not be useful for dating or started at the correlation within the site.

368
00:47:54.700 --> 00:48:05.710
Jeffrey Ryan: The relates actually are releasing the struggles when plotted against the goal of symbols begin actually see some possible correlation with samples 100 kilometers away.

369
00:48:07.300 --> 00:48:12.490
Very dislocation and classification as an event horizon would actually make them very suitable for gaming.

370
00:48:13.240 --> 00:48:24.250
Overall there's you can validate it with successful outlining which symbols were suitable not suitable for meeting, and this, he has a guideline for future archaeological work within magenta.

371
00:48:25.420 --> 00:48:41.080
Generally, the samples at a mix of igneous classifications, but they display the general geochemical representation of the MoDem and this really the main you've been working this project will be final processing of originating in also trees known announces.

372
00:48:46.150 --> 00:48:46.990
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay.

373
00:48:48.970 --> 00:48:50.050
The presentation.

374
00:48:51.700 --> 00:48:53.110
Jeffrey Ryan: We have any questions.

375
00:48:59.710 --> 00:49:01.270
Jeffrey Ryan: i'm trying to get my head around.

376
00:49:02.950 --> 00:49:07.990
Jeffrey Ryan: cpm comes into the chat i'm trying to get my head around the chemistry of these things So these are.

377
00:49:09.280 --> 00:49:12.250
Jeffrey Ryan: distinctly alkaline rich, which makes sense for.

378
00:49:14.560 --> 00:49:15.730
Jeffrey Ryan: The part of the world we're in.

379
00:49:16.210 --> 00:49:17.080
Olivia Kracht: yeah yeah.

380
00:49:19.960 --> 00:49:22.780
Jeffrey Ryan: And you're thinking you're thinking, the.

381
00:49:25.180 --> 00:49:35.320
Jeffrey Ryan: The track types in the tracking into sites were not as you in my writing and my influencer that you're thinking, the tracking and decides on the track right you're not as useful to can all watch play as a writer.

382
00:49:36.610 --> 00:49:46.810
Olivia Kracht: I know because so like the original intention for the volcanic samples that were collected for dating were to kind of constrained like when the hunter.

383
00:49:47.320 --> 00:49:57.670
Olivia Kracht: hunter gatherer occupation of the site like was occurring, so the tracking in the states are most likely from mountain would itself which wouldn't make them.

384
00:49:58.690 --> 00:49:59.170
Jeffrey Ryan: Yes.

385
00:50:00.490 --> 00:50:10.600
Jeffrey Ryan: No words because their local like to be any rock from any rock for many Valley, which is my to wash down anything and add so you really don't have any good a lot.

386
00:50:11.050 --> 00:50:11.260
Olivia Kracht: yeah.

387
00:50:12.100 --> 00:50:16.360
Jeffrey Ryan: You could learn about the the evolution of mouth, the mother, but you couldn't really.

388
00:50:17.470 --> 00:50:24.670
Jeffrey Ryan: Matters okay yeah that's also something I was hoping to look into in the future with this research to see how mountain loaded.

389
00:50:25.300 --> 00:50:32.470
Olivia Kracht: How it's like if it matches the rest of the characteristics of these other mean a few fingers like geology NGO chemistry.

390
00:50:34.450 --> 00:50:41.860
Jeffrey Ryan: And what did the user I I guess i'm curious about the rice, what did they look like what kind of sample for that you.

391
00:50:42.250 --> 00:50:48.190
Olivia Kracht: yeah yeah so they are just like unconsolidated they quite capra basically.

392
00:50:50.050 --> 00:50:55.840
Jeffrey Ryan: And these were these were collected in the shelter or they were collected around the shelter or.

393
00:50:55.900 --> 00:51:13.030
Olivia Kracht: So they were actually collected, as part of the archaeological program that's run at the rock shelter, so a lot of the students from the field program part token collecting all the samples, I was also an evolved that within the project, but I wasn't actually forcing collecting these.

394
00:51:13.300 --> 00:51:23.890
Jeffrey Ryan: Raw difference yeah Okay, so what you know I guess my my my thinking about hunter gatherers and things like that is that they you know they're carrying tools around it things like.

395
00:51:24.610 --> 00:51:34.360
Jeffrey Ryan: That nature that they might drop or or a break or us off and those can be helpful if you know, when what I what I normally comfortable thinking about in this regard as citizens but.

396
00:51:35.380 --> 00:51:39.400
Jeffrey Ryan: But but So these are 10% these are actually okay.

397
00:51:39.700 --> 00:51:50.830
Olivia Kracht: yeah so actually much inner brothers known for its abundance of obsidian with takes we've had like thousands of them, just like different flakes and actual like fully work tools.

398
00:51:52.150 --> 00:52:02.050
Olivia Kracht: So that's kind of like Where would you why this is so important for late places seen in early Holocene like kind of like human evolution so.

399
00:52:02.650 --> 00:52:05.680
Jeffrey Ryan: yeah OK, interesting and the.

400
00:52:07.720 --> 00:52:13.480
Jeffrey Ryan: way if the run so that i'm presuming you know again that the right lights are not from not the model there somewhere.

401
00:52:14.260 --> 00:52:14.470
there.

402
00:52:15.940 --> 00:52:23.200
Jeffrey Ryan: Are they deep as the thinking is is the reason they were selected that they thinking they carry them in for some reason or is it.

403
00:52:24.280 --> 00:52:26.980
Jeffrey Ryan: Or, or is it just you know air fall tough right kind of thing.

404
00:52:27.700 --> 00:52:42.640
Olivia Kracht: So we think that it was like it fell into the rock shelter over time and there's the fix and like archaeological material, both before and after the deposition of this, so we can constrain those times that one.

405
00:52:42.730 --> 00:52:58.840
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay, so it's actually essentially the breed coming down from the sky that's that's filling in and okay that's really cool, because then yeah that that starts to give you some time Stefan and particularly if it's in percolated with stuff that you know they use.

406
00:53:00.370 --> 00:53:07.120
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay, I understand that's really cool actually I would not have thought of that as the way that there's a way to track that but in that part of the world.

407
00:53:09.100 --> 00:53:11.260
Jeffrey Ryan: You got a lot of that kind of stuff going on, so.

408
00:53:12.130 --> 00:53:18.460
Olivia Kracht: Exactly yeah a lot of that has been used in like like to comment area and the Fr.

409
00:53:19.030 --> 00:53:21.910
Olivia Kracht: So a lot of the major Paleo purple logical.

410
00:53:22.000 --> 00:53:23.740
Olivia Kracht: Sites use this.

411
00:53:24.190 --> 00:53:25.300
Jeffrey Ryan: yeah where.

412
00:53:26.410 --> 00:53:29.440
Jeffrey Ryan: Do they have any idea of where the lights are chrome.

413
00:53:30.340 --> 00:53:30.580
So.

414
00:53:31.990 --> 00:53:46.210
Olivia Kracht: yeah so that's something that we're hoping to do like as the next steps we think that that might come from either like the transition zone kind of between the central and southern maine Ethiopian rift looking like through like the database that I kind of like.

415
00:53:47.050 --> 00:53:50.080
Olivia Kracht: Okay i've got the chemical information from okay.

416
00:53:50.530 --> 00:53:52.510
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay, very cool, thank you very much.

417
00:53:53.590 --> 00:53:54.190
Jeffrey Ryan: So we're gonna.

418
00:53:54.850 --> 00:53:56.860
Olivia Kracht: move to the next presentation.

419
00:53:56.920 --> 00:53:57.370
here.

420
00:53:58.870 --> 00:54:01.000
Jeffrey Ryan: um which is.

421
00:54:03.730 --> 00:54:04.690
Jeffrey Ryan: On same comment.

422
00:54:09.820 --> 00:54:11.920
Jeffrey Ryan: Well, no, it isn't actually it's different on it okay.

423
00:54:13.150 --> 00:54:29.230
Jeffrey Ryan: 325 so here next presentation is entitled the titles are con uranium lead efficient track double dating from the Amazon fan records early fenders or two centers or tectonic events and recent exclamation rates in the Andes.

424
00:54:31.630 --> 00:54:36.100
Jeffrey Ryan: press the authors are Meyer Romans.

425
00:54:38.110 --> 00:54:42.070
Jeffrey Ryan: And phil donahue donnie and call myers will be the present.

426
00:54:45.970 --> 00:54:58.900
My name is cold air and i'm going to be discussing uranium lead and vision tractable dating of Detroit zircons from the Amazon van and i'd like to first point out that this is sort of the primary analysis and interpretations of new data.

427
00:55:00.190 --> 00:55:04.870
So with that out of the way, I would like to go ahead and introduce the study area.

428
00:55:07.180 --> 00:55:10.690
And figure one will be showing this study area.

429
00:55:12.280 --> 00:55:20.770
As you can see here the ODP like 155 this is actual location of the cores taken by the ocean drilling Program.

430
00:55:21.430 --> 00:55:36.580
And it was from these cores that Dr mason and Dr Romans collected samples of turbo died sans for the titles are con devil dating and also on the speaker, we can see room rates in modern rivers determined by beryllium 10 measurements.

431
00:55:40.900 --> 00:55:49.990
On next be introducing the initial interpretations of Detroit thermal chronology and the Amazon fan, as well as introduced the double dating methods.

432
00:55:51.100 --> 00:55:56.170
In the Amazon drainage basin, we expect to see specific age patterns from the different sediment sources.

433
00:55:56.500 --> 00:56:03.940
With rapid erosion from Andy and sentiment sources yielding high proportions of these young circumcision track ages water ocean.

434
00:56:04.390 --> 00:56:10.690
From Andy and sentiment sources to yield lower amounts of intermediate circumcision track ages and lower region rates.

435
00:56:11.170 --> 00:56:19.930
From create don sediment sources to low proportions of very old circumcision track ages, we also can expect to see first cycle volcanic zircons.

436
00:56:20.680 --> 00:56:28.720
which can be delineated by there's our conversion tracking and uranium lead ages, as they overlap with an error, because they call it close to the time that they crystallized.

437
00:56:30.100 --> 00:56:37.750
The next bigger will be introducing our data set showing both the first cycle volcanic and the Platonic to tribal zircons.

438
00:56:39.190 --> 00:56:44.410
or data was best displayed and across plot of uranium lead versus their current vision track ages.

439
00:56:45.100 --> 00:56:55.150
And the samples, the fall along the one to one line or interpreted as first cycle volcanic zircons while any with errors that do not overlap, the one to one line are interpreted as Platonic.

440
00:56:56.140 --> 00:57:08.680
And some of these samples that were interpreted as volcanic may likely be poo phonic but due to large error bars accompanying the data we interpreted them here as volcanic and, interestingly, there was an almost even split between volcanic and Platonic.

441
00:57:10.090 --> 00:57:14.350
And only three samples or interpreted as erroneous.

442
00:57:15.280 --> 00:57:25.330
And as inferior to the younger competition track ages, we interpret to be from Andy and sediment sources with high to moderate erosion rates while overs or con vision track dates.

443
00:57:25.990 --> 00:57:34.240
which we described as paleozoic through early mesozoic could be sourced from the CRATE on or potentially from Andy and sources with very old cooling ages.

444
00:57:35.680 --> 00:57:52.150
and, interestingly each creep group of uranium lead ages contains young, as are confident track cooling ages, suggesting at least some rapid explanation of old recycled details are cons and we can see these samples here and and here and in here.

445
00:57:54.040 --> 00:58:10.480
and accompanying the Cross plot, there are Colonel Disney estimates and histograms with 50 million year bins for both uranium lead ads or conversion track age data and these plots seem to display some distinct modes within the data.

446
00:58:11.740 --> 00:58:16.690
And figure five makes these nodes more apparent with some more kernel density estimate plunks.

447
00:58:17.590 --> 00:58:27.070
These katie plots show distinct age modes and also displayed is a timeline of recognized iconic events in South America to compare.

448
00:58:27.400 --> 00:58:38.350
And at face value, these data seem to show a record of increase volcanism in the magazine preceded by a period of increased acceleration of cooling and the late cretaceous in early send as OIC.

449
00:58:39.520 --> 00:58:44.170
And also shows other periods of enhanced tokenism or Exclamations cooling.

450
00:58:45.520 --> 00:58:58.210
We also calculated some average exclamation rates, using the 66 youngest Sir confident track samples and 7.5 kilometers as depth to close your temperature.

451
00:58:59.410 --> 00:59:09.280
We exclude the old dates from vaccination rates, since they might not be able to convey that a bit convey accurate information and we come up with a mean of 0.2 millimeters per year.

452
00:59:10.000 --> 00:59:28.780
And a mode of 0.13 millimeters per year this mean is very close to the brilliant 10 derived erosion rate of 0.24 millimeters per year of modern Amazonian streams, which is interesting that multi millennial and multi million year proxies for erosion or exclamation of cooling agree closely.

453
00:59:30.130 --> 00:59:41.080
Jeffrey Ryan: And finally, were some quick and concise conclusions both first cycle volcanic and Platonic two titles are cons from the Amazon fan delineate multiple recognized tectonic events of South America.

454
00:59:41.800 --> 00:59:58.990
Jeffrey Ryan: The less than 90 am a population of Platonic Zur confident track ages yield cooling rates very similar to brilliant 10 Dr rates from Andy and streams and finally old uranium lead with young circumcision track ages so just widespread sedimentary recycling in the Andes.

455
01:00:00.670 --> 01:00:03.310
Thank you for your time and I hope you enjoyed this presentation.

456
01:00:05.950 --> 01:00:07.510
Jeffrey Ryan: Thank you um.

457
01:00:08.740 --> 01:00:10.960
Jeffrey Ryan: Do we have any questions.

458
01:00:19.540 --> 01:00:23.440
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay i'm sitting here, trying to get this presentation, let me see it again.

459
01:00:27.940 --> 01:00:28.450
Jeffrey Ryan: So.

460
01:00:30.580 --> 01:00:39.730
Jeffrey Ryan: I know we have any other questions anything in the chat so i'll just i'm going to pick your brain is Cole here coal miner is here.

461
01:00:41.560 --> 01:00:42.070
Cole Mayer: Yes.

462
01:00:42.430 --> 01:00:46.900
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay pick your brain about efficient track dating was I don't know anything about it.

463
01:00:50.320 --> 01:00:51.340
Jeffrey Ryan: So.

464
01:00:52.810 --> 01:01:03.490
Jeffrey Ryan: they're basically when you're winning you're doing it my broad understanding is that what you're doing is looking for damn you're basically looking at damage right you're looking for damage related to.

465
01:01:04.090 --> 01:01:14.980
Jeffrey Ryan: To decays and they're counting densities of those of those essentially little streaks in the in the in the mineral which what other specific minerals you look at to do that.

466
01:01:15.700 --> 01:01:20.980
Cole Mayer: Just the zircons you'll have to yeah they're your annual vision tracks in the zircons.

467
01:01:21.430 --> 01:01:23.350
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay okay and.

468
01:01:25.210 --> 01:01:27.220
Jeffrey Ryan: And so that's going to give you.

469
01:01:28.810 --> 01:01:29.320
Jeffrey Ryan: A.

470
01:01:31.120 --> 01:01:45.430
Jeffrey Ryan: Basically, an age for the decay, but that that's going to give you an age for the decay of the of the uranium all right, and then you're you're one to one equity line here is really the comparison I guess what does that get I guess that gets you around the fact that you can have.

471
01:01:46.510 --> 01:01:55.420
Jeffrey Ryan: Essentially, old Sir Con in these things, in other words, they can have cores and rams and that you know the the course can be super duper old and not really related to current events.

472
01:01:56.830 --> 01:02:13.210
Cole Mayer: um yeah so the one to one line sort of shows what your volcanic Sir cons will look like, since if we're so confident track ages are similar to uranium lead ages, that means they cool and they crystallized around the same time, which would be mechanics.

473
01:02:13.600 --> 01:02:27.820
Jeffrey Ryan: yeah Okay, and so that would be so those are those are the those are essential and you're saying first generation that's basically Okay, they just formed and presumably these would be Andy and volcanic or cons or something that's primary from somewhere in the continent there.

474
01:02:28.270 --> 01:02:36.850
Jeffrey Ryan: Yes, Okay, as opposed to relics or con which has been picked up by you know subsequent mathematic events and.

475
01:02:39.130 --> 01:02:44.770
Jeffrey Ryan: And some of the other some of those can be super role that some of your uranium and your some of uranium let ages.

476
01:02:45.220 --> 01:02:47.140
Jeffrey Ryan: Why, all the way out to 2 billion years.

477
01:02:48.550 --> 01:02:49.210
Jeffrey Ryan: So.

478
01:02:50.830 --> 01:02:54.430
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay, and this is all coming out of.

479
01:02:56.740 --> 01:03:05.230
Jeffrey Ryan: Do I see it was a leg 155 okay 945 946 so, so this is just this is drilling just outboard of the.

480
01:03:06.250 --> 01:03:09.340
Jeffrey Ryan: outboard of the mouth of the Amazon basically right.

481
01:03:09.820 --> 01:03:10.600
Cole Mayer: yep that's right.

482
01:03:11.080 --> 01:03:13.330
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay okay and.

483
01:03:16.180 --> 01:03:19.240
Jeffrey Ryan: Did you do the actual separations to pull these are concepts.

484
01:03:19.930 --> 01:03:22.150
Cole Mayer: No, I did not so.

485
01:03:23.230 --> 01:03:33.520
Cole Mayer: Dr cody mason actually went to I guess Germany, where the cores were to collect the sand and then send those off to a lab that did the.

486
01:03:34.300 --> 01:03:39.610
Jeffrey Ryan: Meeting yeah no I was gonna say lucky you that's that's that's no fun.

487
01:03:40.990 --> 01:03:48.430
Jeffrey Ryan: it's hard to do that particularly out of out of a note EP court because there you're talking about really, really fine grained sediment and.

488
01:03:49.780 --> 01:03:53.260
Jeffrey Ryan: You know, you can do it with a magnetic separator but it's tough.

489
01:03:54.490 --> 01:03:56.140
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay, thank you very much.

490
01:03:57.160 --> 01:04:00.040
Jeffrey Ryan: We have to move on, so.

491
01:04:01.120 --> 01:04:02.260
Cole Mayer: Next present.

492
01:04:02.290 --> 01:04:03.460
presentation.

493
01:04:04.780 --> 01:04:05.680
Jeffrey Ryan: Is.

494
01:04:09.490 --> 01:04:19.720
Jeffrey Ryan: The title is I mineralogy and Paleo saw micro morphology from the early miocene song hora locality and Kenya.

495
01:04:20.980 --> 01:04:29.530
Jeffrey Ryan: The authors are Richardson and lukens and great Richardson, I believe, is the presenter.

496
01:04:41.200 --> 01:04:55.900
Jeffrey Ryan: hello, my name is grey Richardson and I am a senior undergraduate geology major at James Madison university, along with Dr William lukens we can look at the study on the mineralogy in soil micro morphology from the early miocene song for locality and Kenya.

497
01:04:57.490 --> 01:05:07.510
With the intent to classify the mineralogy micro morphology our area study focuses on song or Kenya, a popular vertigo fossil locality containing early primates and other mammals.

498
01:05:09.340 --> 01:05:15.970
senghor is located within the nyanza rhythm, this is a riff it stems off to the Gregory branch of the larger Eastern limit the East Africa.

499
01:05:17.320 --> 01:05:28.180
Wonderland by granny light basement in boring the nature kibana tight tinder at work, you know the geology of the song her location, that is formed in the early miocene provides a rich background for our research.

500
01:05:29.830 --> 01:05:39.310
Within our study seven things section samples by the which are Paleo souls into or flavio channel deposits or obtain and she hasn't 15 out of a formation, is the red button.

501
01:05:40.390 --> 01:05:49.390
This formation was documented in this study from pickford and angie is 1981 the the stated that are red band Member contains 10 beds of highly facility for it's fine grain settlements.

502
01:05:50.290 --> 01:05:58.360
Our samples are collected from the beds number two through five that's two, three and four contained fluid channels, but Ben number five container Paleo saul's.

503
01:05:59.980 --> 01:06:12.760
There were three key categories, we focused on analyzing data features die genetic features and premium in reality there are several pitcher graphic images provided to illustrate some of these traits with yellow arrow is pointing to key characteristics.

504
01:06:14.500 --> 01:06:27.100
Within the pedal futures group, you were able to identify abundant fine grained by refrigerant clays these plays for him borders around many grains and even bridge between one green to another, yes to populate the matrix as very fine grain clays.

505
01:06:28.990 --> 01:06:32.170
Overall, however, the clay show a week fabric development.

506
01:06:33.460 --> 01:06:39.760
The decompose silicate grain has a rim of iron oxide, environment and clays which is produced from the oxidation and whether.

507
01:06:41.470 --> 01:06:44.500
Similarly manganese oxides, could the edges of words spaces.

508
01:06:45.760 --> 01:06:56.980
We can also identify some fecal pellets and other evidence of biological activity is Fico pellets has a thin border marked by the black square between the matrix anymore overall fine grained and claridge interior.

509
01:06:59.080 --> 01:07:14.560
We can turn into died genetic features several locations so significant grains of thin metamorphosed micah with silica crystals around these foreign were silica solution praise from the weathering of primary silicate grains is re crystallizing in the void space surrounding the mica.

510
01:07:16.000 --> 01:07:20.260
Other died genetic features observed or carbonate cements impregnating the void space.

511
01:07:21.460 --> 01:07:35.590
We can identify three groups of primary mineralogy we see metamorphose minerals highly whether it's silicate important whether it fell sick volcanic minerals, we can say in the metamorphic Greens, it has seen it for the weather metamorphosed muscovite in and dilatory courts are present.

512
01:07:36.700 --> 01:07:47.530
We also discovered moderate concentrations of silicate Greens that were highly weather, in contrast, for the weather crystals a fell sick volcanic minerals, such as this felt Spar can also be observed.

513
01:07:49.450 --> 01:07:56.530
From this data, we see evidence of mini silicate minerals that produced clays It can be seen that minor to moderate petty genetic alteration.

514
01:07:57.670 --> 01:08:10.570
With died in his diet genesis of courts in carbonate is present as well for our metamorphose minerals to our highly whether it's so kate's we can interpret that there are multiple parents sources for these samples for one is metamorphic in one is mechanic.

515
01:08:11.830 --> 01:08:16.720
The conclusions that resulted from our analysis include well drained conditions evident from the oxidized matrix.

516
01:08:17.740 --> 01:08:19.390
As well as fine grained play production.

517
01:08:20.410 --> 01:08:28.120
Between these clays which represent a short interval of weathering in the mineral grains was significantly high levels of weathering that imply periods of the deposition.

518
01:08:29.110 --> 01:08:40.300
Inclusion of alternating pulses of segmentation and weathering dummied hiatus is can be inferred when sedimentation is low, we can expect high levels of weathering for long periods of sedimentation produced for the other material.

519
01:08:41.320 --> 01:08:47.410
daya genesis is dominated by carbonate and silica which can be from metamorphic parents source potentially are underlying granular basement.

520
01:08:47.980 --> 01:08:56.290
And a volcanic provide a tight parents source the tender up okay Now this is further supported by the premier mineralogy consisting of Celtic metamorphosis minerals and volcanic.

521
01:08:57.880 --> 01:09:08.260
For the future research consisting of SEM and X 30 analysis, as well as environmental reconstructions can provide us with a better understanding of the song her locality in this geologic history, thank you for your time.

522
01:09:15.460 --> 01:09:17.710
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay, thank you very much.

523
01:09:18.910 --> 01:09:19.360
Jeffrey Ryan: Any.

524
01:09:21.610 --> 01:09:24.940
Jeffrey Ryan: Questions for for Gray.

525
01:09:30.850 --> 01:09:33.130
Jeffrey Ryan: Nothing appearing on the chat he add.

526
01:09:34.210 --> 01:09:37.120
Jeffrey Ryan: But i'll just go all basic here.

527
01:09:38.980 --> 01:09:42.940
Jeffrey Ryan: i'm just looking at your picture i'm just looking at your poster and trying to.

528
01:09:46.150 --> 01:09:52.900
Jeffrey Ryan: understand something of the proto lists of these of these Paleo sol's um.

529
01:09:53.980 --> 01:10:00.430
Jeffrey Ryan: What kind of what what what kind of country rockin is in this area that is your sort of that your soils are being developed on.

530
01:10:01.750 --> 01:10:18.880
Gray Richardson (they/them): So underneath our area there's what seems to be granular basement there's two different types that are area falls under and then the tender at volcano nearby produced naphthalene love was you carve out a date lovers that could also implement it.

531
01:10:19.450 --> 01:10:20.650
Jeffrey Ryan: mm hmm okay.

532
01:10:22.480 --> 01:10:24.220
Jeffrey Ryan: carbonic tight lava so my.

533
01:10:26.260 --> 01:10:39.910
Jeffrey Ryan: Those would be those would be reasonably distinct I would imagine in the in the soil, if they were there, did you see anything like that was there any actually nice carbonate lying around or is it just are you pretty sure it's all typical pathogenic stuff.

534
01:10:40.570 --> 01:10:41.800
Gray Richardson (they/them): So I didn't see very many.

535
01:10:43.300 --> 01:10:51.970
Gray Richardson (they/them): or carbonates from the ball or vulcanology but my assumption was that a lot of that probably got dissolved out first.

536
01:10:53.470 --> 01:10:56.590
Gray Richardson (they/them): And then re crystallized elsewhere to digest office.

537
01:10:57.220 --> 01:10:59.170
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay okay and.

538
01:11:02.020 --> 01:11:09.580
Jeffrey Ryan: As you've got you've got pictures of carbonates cements and things of that nature so yeah I would make sense and you could get a lot of that.

539
01:11:10.660 --> 01:11:17.050
Jeffrey Ryan: Climate illogically you're able to get a lot of that kind of stuff happening anyway in that part of the world's, I presume, where.

540
01:11:17.830 --> 01:11:28.720
Jeffrey Ryan: You know it's it's not it's still a reasonably dry place So yes, you can you can get you can get a certain amount of almost you know couple he kind of carbonated deposition and.

541
01:11:30.010 --> 01:11:30.610
Jeffrey Ryan: So.

542
01:11:31.630 --> 01:11:32.440
Jeffrey Ryan: And you've got.

543
01:11:34.030 --> 01:11:34.510
Jeffrey Ryan: All right.

544
01:11:37.750 --> 01:11:38.650
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay, so.

545
01:11:40.210 --> 01:11:41.080
Jeffrey Ryan: It looks like.

546
01:11:43.960 --> 01:11:54.760
Jeffrey Ryan: The i'm just looking at the different mineral minerals, or what mostly mostly basically felt Spar and micah and and courses what you're seeing in the soils.

547
01:11:55.300 --> 01:12:00.280
Gray Richardson (they/them): Yes, for more of the other stuff that tends to be what dominates.

548
01:12:00.730 --> 01:12:01.150
Jeffrey Ryan: yeah.

549
01:12:01.300 --> 01:12:03.070
Gray Richardson (they/them): i'd like stands out for the matrix.

550
01:12:03.430 --> 01:12:16.810
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay, and so nothing any given the part of the world, they will always i'm always curious to see whether you're going to get something strange right because you're you're close enough to the rift Valley, that you can get weird volcanic stuff dropping in.

551
01:12:18.340 --> 01:12:20.560
Jeffrey Ryan: So not not lots of evidence for that.

552
01:12:21.820 --> 01:12:26.590
Gray Richardson (they/them): None yet with there's still more analysis, we need to do there's we're doing point counting stuff currently.

553
01:12:27.100 --> 01:12:28.570
Oh yeah.

554
01:12:29.920 --> 01:12:32.560
Gray Richardson (they/them): kind of helped reinforce our conclusion so far.

555
01:12:32.980 --> 01:12:34.540
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay okay very good.

556
01:12:35.950 --> 01:12:36.670
Jeffrey Ryan: All right.

557
01:12:38.320 --> 01:12:39.040
Jeffrey Ryan: So.

558
01:12:40.840 --> 01:12:44.710
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay, any i'm looking at the chat I don't see anything so.

559
01:12:48.070 --> 01:13:02.770
Jeffrey Ryan: Thank you very much thank you sure i'm gonna shift gears we're handing off the whole advancing of things here so i'm going to try to get this going um our next presenter.

560
01:13:04.630 --> 01:13:11.590
Jeffrey Ryan: presentation is magnesium calcite as a Paleo environmental indicator.

561
01:13:15.340 --> 01:13:19.540
Jeffrey Ryan: And i'm probably going to miss pronounce your last name, we apologize in advance layman.

562
01:13:20.980 --> 01:13:25.210
Jeffrey Ryan: And romantic and john Paul sleeman is the presenter.

563
01:13:26.890 --> 01:13:28.600
Jeffrey Ryan: Let me see if I can make this work.

564
01:13:30.610 --> 01:13:31.600
Jeffrey Ryan: And we go.

565
01:13:32.710 --> 01:13:35.200
Jeffrey Ryan: I gotta get you ready I gotta.

566
01:13:37.480 --> 01:13:39.400
Jeffrey Ryan: Share screen, so you can see it.

567
01:13:42.730 --> 01:13:45.730
Jeffrey Ryan: I hope you can see, this and i'll get started.

568
01:13:54.340 --> 01:13:55.240
Jeffrey Ryan: If it'll run.

569
01:14:01.990 --> 01:14:09.250
Jeffrey Ryan: tell everyone i'm john Paul second this past year I started the formation of empty calcite issues or the environmental indicator.

570
01:14:10.390 --> 01:14:19.060
Jeffrey Ryan: Pretty studies have shown that temperature and an aqueous mvc ratio are the two main factors that control the mg continent coulson in those settings.

571
01:14:19.390 --> 01:14:27.610
Jeffrey Ryan: However, there are other factors for 17 complicate the relationship to better understand the wall, some of these factors paid and destroying the energy constant account site.

572
01:14:27.940 --> 01:14:37.330
Jeffrey Ryan: I conducted 48 experiments called JFS were empty kelsey grew on kelsey material under tightly controlled aqueous condition Susan the kinesthetic me.

573
01:14:39.430 --> 01:14:50.350
Jeffrey Ryan: here's how I came on site experiments work each experiment consisted of three different solutions, a master solution from enjoy agree with crystals account site, they can I am taking solution to contain calcium and magnesium.

574
01:14:50.950 --> 01:14:58.960
Jeffrey Ryan: And an Ai intelligence solution contain bicarbonate when the cat on and on interactions were added to the master solution crystals across a to grow.

575
01:14:59.530 --> 01:15:08.950
Jeffrey Ryan: And charging for added to the master solution at the same rate in the last two precipitation of crystals and this way the chemistry of the solution stays consistent during the entire length of the experiment.

576
01:15:09.970 --> 01:15:18.430
Jeffrey Ryan: My experiments for running sets of three where the study chemistry was the same for each master solution, but the experiments were conducted for different lengths time.

577
01:15:19.030 --> 01:15:23.830
Jeffrey Ryan: I used to go to the my experiments, who are alpha was the longest runtime and Ada was the shortest.

578
01:15:24.700 --> 01:15:32.770
Jeffrey Ryan: At the end of each experiment, the solid was collected in way to determine how much house that I grew and the crystals for analyze for the amount of magnesium and.

579
01:15:33.370 --> 01:15:39.880
Jeffrey Ryan: The amount misrepresented by the term mo percent energy and overgrowth the higher low percent value more magnesium and overgrowth.

580
01:15:41.980 --> 01:15:51.400
Jeffrey Ryan: This graph shows that out of the 31 experiments that produce more than five milligrams of growth, there is no train between average P CO2 and mo percent magnesium and grow grow.

581
01:15:52.090 --> 01:16:03.310
Jeffrey Ryan: there's also no clear trends from the log sanitation rate and more percent magnesium and overgrowth this means these factors are not influenced the magnesium constant account site that grows from the solution.

582
01:16:04.930 --> 01:16:20.620
Jeffrey Ryan: But when I compare the aqueous mpc ratio to the mall percent magnesium an overgrowth there was a clear trend, this means that as the ratio of nvca goes up in solution, the more magnesium will be incorporated into the solder, when comparing the state of the similar data from.

583
01:16:22.090 --> 01:16:23.230
Jeffrey Ryan: The trend stays consistent.

584
01:16:24.820 --> 01:16:36.430
Jeffrey Ryan: When comparing the three experiments for Janet that's 11 we see that alpha 11 has more solid precipitated and a higher and more percent menu, you know, for both the delta 11 or at 11 had no growth.

585
01:16:37.330 --> 01:16:45.970
Jeffrey Ryan: This could be due to how the aqueous calcium and alkalinity changed over time at the beginning of the experiment, we see a slight rise and aqueous calcium.

586
01:16:46.390 --> 01:17:01.840
Jeffrey Ryan: And alkalinity but after 100 hours to aqueous calcium plateaus out what happened, and he dropped, this could be due to the fact, however, that the titan for mixed up wrong so when account set started septic the alkalinity drop faster than them can be pumped in.

587
01:17:04.120 --> 01:17:09.940
Jeffrey Ryan: As shown in figure one the empty continent, the solid show no dependence on precipitation rate or P CO2.

588
01:17:10.450 --> 01:17:17.680
Jeffrey Ryan: hover and figure to a significant linear relationship was observed between aqueous mpc ratio and the more percent magnesium of the overgrowth.

589
01:17:18.250 --> 01:17:25.210
Jeffrey Ryan: This suggests that the energy content account side can be used to predict the aqueous nvca ratio, the food from Richard form.

590
01:17:25.840 --> 01:17:36.910
Jeffrey Ryan: Nevertheless, variability integration 16 pampers utility of this environmental proxy and future state so requires determine what other factors are influencing the energy content account site.

591
01:17:37.900 --> 01:17:41.890
Jeffrey Ryan: For all experiments have an aqueous and gc ratio greater than seven.

592
01:17:42.280 --> 01:17:56.140
Jeffrey Ryan: solution pH aqueous calcium and alkalinity generally increased initially and then decreased to steady state conditions were cheap these trends suggest that are relatively high aqueous magnesium calcium ratios in incubation period is required.

593
01:17:56.410 --> 01:18:02.860
Jeffrey Ryan: So let's take the precipitation of an mg burning face probably through the structure modifications of the outside surface.

594
01:18:03.850 --> 01:18:16.780
Jeffrey Ryan: These results suggest that surface structure and chemistry should be considered in the characterization and the use of parameters to understand the current and the distribution of empty calcite insufficient environments, thank you.

595
01:18:20.500 --> 01:18:21.610
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay.

596
01:18:22.690 --> 01:18:23.140
Jeffrey Ryan: um.

597
01:18:25.600 --> 01:18:28.870
Jeffrey Ryan: Any questions for john Paul.

598
01:18:41.920 --> 01:18:42.610
Jeffrey Ryan: So.

599
01:18:44.410 --> 01:18:52.960
Jeffrey Ryan: I don't know what I probably have to pop out of here to suit the chat this is gonna be a bit of a pain, but let me see what I can do here i'll stop the share.

600
01:18:55.150 --> 01:18:55.840
Jeffrey Ryan: and

601
01:18:58.180 --> 01:18:58.780
Jeffrey Ryan: alright.

602
01:19:00.460 --> 01:19:01.150
Jeffrey Ryan: So.

603
01:19:04.090 --> 01:19:05.230
Jeffrey Ryan: When I I.

604
01:19:06.490 --> 01:19:10.180
Jeffrey Ryan: Know i'm no great shakes and carbonate chemistry, but um.

605
01:19:11.680 --> 01:19:17.440
Jeffrey Ryan: My experience with magnesium bearing campsite is mostly an oceanic settings so.

606
01:19:18.760 --> 01:19:24.820
Jeffrey Ryan: i'm curious as to what your results might say about how that's forming there.

607
01:19:27.160 --> 01:19:27.970
Jeffrey Ryan: What do you think.

608
01:19:28.870 --> 01:19:43.090
JohnPaul Sleiman: So a lot of my background research before starting this experiments where i'm actually conducted in seawater and they take those parameters, with the different ions and see water to see if those pay a factor into it as well, so.

609
01:19:43.390 --> 01:19:47.680
JohnPaul Sleiman: There has, there has currently still be more study to do be like is seawater and everything all.

610
01:19:47.740 --> 01:19:51.190
JohnPaul Sleiman: The stuff in the water, still playing into the formation of the empty calcite.

611
01:19:51.670 --> 01:19:52.660
mm hmm.

612
01:19:54.070 --> 01:20:01.360
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay um I did, how did you did you control temperature in the experiments I probably may have said that and I don't.

613
01:20:01.570 --> 01:20:03.910
JohnPaul Sleiman: I didn't know I kept everything about room temperature.

614
01:20:04.360 --> 01:20:19.810
Jeffrey Ryan: I kept it about room temperature okay yeah cuz I remember from way long ago here in my own campus a student who is trying to look at magnesium calcium ratios and carbonates as a as a temperature indicator and and.

615
01:20:20.620 --> 01:20:27.190
Jeffrey Ryan: And you know, and obviously partitioning as a function of temperature at some level, so one could theoretically do it.

616
01:20:27.610 --> 01:20:36.130
Jeffrey Ryan: um do you think that's going to what you think temperature is going to be the only driver or I mean basically you're seeing that there's some of the chemical drivers chair.

617
01:20:37.240 --> 01:20:41.770
JohnPaul Sleiman: yeah I currently being it's just going to be the chemical drivers that play a factor into.

618
01:20:42.610 --> 01:20:48.880
JohnPaul Sleiman: The growth and if we want you to take any calcite that we find specifically on Mars, for example.

619
01:20:49.210 --> 01:20:52.210
JohnPaul Sleiman: I feel like you just be the wet chemistry that takes a factor into it.

620
01:20:52.570 --> 01:21:04.360
Jeffrey Ryan: mm hmm yeah and the cow side of the carbonates on Mars are really magnesium to I mean there are a lot of the ones that they reported in the hills meteorite we're basically almost Magnus sides so which.

621
01:21:05.230 --> 01:21:20.590
Jeffrey Ryan: We don't see I mean Magnus side on earth is a metamorphic rock it's a metamorphic rock metal you don't really see that and those kinds of settings so interesting, and so it would and I guess what does that say that's going to be.

622
01:21:21.790 --> 01:21:28.750
Jeffrey Ryan: If it's mark if you using the MARS analog and we're talking about really, really high magnesium calcium ratios to make that go.

623
01:21:30.520 --> 01:21:30.700
Jeffrey Ryan: Get.

624
01:21:31.000 --> 01:21:32.140
JohnPaul Sleiman: My experiments we.

625
01:21:32.410 --> 01:21:40.540
JohnPaul Sleiman: All the experiments i've been testing so far have been at the lower end from one to 10 and further study students to be done, going up to maybe like 50 and 100.

626
01:21:40.930 --> 01:21:49.750
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay yeah I was really wondering, because the on Mars if you're going to get those I mean there's there's just everything is there's just a whole lot more magnesium.

627
01:21:50.380 --> 01:21:58.930
Jeffrey Ryan: In the in the superficial geology there, I mean you got a lot of assault and and and and probably.

628
01:21:59.710 --> 01:22:08.470
Jeffrey Ryan: If you're talking about you know the Allen hills meteorites you're probably talking about essentially with a production nights as a crust or rock which is going to be super magnesium.

629
01:22:09.430 --> 01:22:16.930
Jeffrey Ryan: Compared to almost anything I mean you, you basically don't find or to approximate the surface of the year, for the most part, so.

630
01:22:18.850 --> 01:22:32.470
Jeffrey Ryan: They that shows up in really weird places so interesting okay um questions in the chat nope okay um well thanks, this is really cool nice work.

631
01:22:33.340 --> 01:22:34.480
JohnPaul Sleiman: Thank you sure.

632
01:22:35.140 --> 01:22:36.550
Jeffrey Ryan: Alright, and i'm gonna.

633
01:22:38.140 --> 01:22:41.080
Jeffrey Ryan: we're gonna move on to the next.

634
01:22:42.310 --> 01:22:43.360
Jeffrey Ryan: presentation.

635
01:22:46.270 --> 01:22:57.760
Jeffrey Ryan: title is Holocene trends in biogenic silica revealed by FDR spectroscopy applied to a lake sediment record from northern Norway.

636
01:23:02.110 --> 01:23:04.840
Jeffrey Ryan: authors of the last skill Walker.

637
01:23:06.940 --> 01:23:12.190
Jeffrey Ryan: And caitlin Walker is gonna present I think that's right.

638
01:23:13.270 --> 01:23:15.550
Jeffrey Ryan: So let me get this set up.

639
01:23:16.720 --> 01:23:18.130
Jeffrey Ryan: And we'll.

640
01:23:20.230 --> 01:23:21.190
Jeffrey Ryan: Get rolling here.

641
01:23:32.470 --> 01:23:42.730
Jeffrey Ryan: hi my name is Kim Walker, and this is my undergraduate senior thesis entitled policy and trends in Beijing silica revealed if jr spectroscopy apply to lake Center record from northern Norway.

642
01:23:43.330 --> 01:23:49.690
Jeffrey Ryan: So this project tattooing research was the first focus on the back end development piece, and the second focused on a climate reconstruction piece.

643
01:23:50.080 --> 01:24:02.710
Jeffrey Ryan: So when the methods development we were focusing on the question can biogenic silica the assessed using it as a philosophy is this method reliable valid and consistent so.

644
01:24:03.310 --> 01:24:11.560
Jeffrey Ryan: This came out of the idea that Eric can be much more efficient, we can run more samples and test reproducibility of these of the data.

645
01:24:12.400 --> 01:24:15.520
Jeffrey Ryan: In a more efficient manner than using the word chemistry method.

646
01:24:15.970 --> 01:24:25.270
Jeffrey Ryan: Which is the traditional method and then for the client reconstruction piece, we were looking at data this FDR and for inviting us to look at data reflect the productivity Italy.

647
01:24:25.690 --> 01:24:34.060
Jeffrey Ryan: And if so, does this connectivity also reflect the regional sea surface temperature installation and just general climatic trends over policy.

648
01:24:34.540 --> 01:24:44.980
Jeffrey Ryan: So start off with the methods study site was that was selected is also botnet it's a location like that is centered on the island investigator, which is a little footnote in Norway.

649
01:24:45.400 --> 01:24:53.080
Jeffrey Ryan: And this site, how to where to some inquiries extracted we're combining them after we got the ages to.

650
01:24:53.500 --> 01:25:04.900
Jeffrey Ryan: Maybe extend the core of two icons Presidents possible in terms of age and 46 samples were taken from the two course we use radio carbon dating is a dating method.

651
01:25:05.320 --> 01:25:17.260
Jeffrey Ryan: And then we ran the drive samples who actually are spectroscopy and we got observing spectra we collected observing structure that we integrated the peaks of for.

652
01:25:17.920 --> 01:25:25.960
Jeffrey Ryan: si O bonds and those were how we were able to retrieve of service area, which was then calibrated for fighting silica.

653
01:25:26.590 --> 01:25:31.180
Jeffrey Ryan: So this calibration information sort of the results of the methods development piece.

654
01:25:31.690 --> 01:25:43.300
Jeffrey Ryan: So, as you can see that you're a the Snr observance data we're calories biogenic silica based on previous what can she do right by the silica data for westerns study in a strong calibration.

655
01:25:43.570 --> 01:25:50.980
Jeffrey Ryan: indicates that there is a good correlation between the two methods for determining visor silica and then, in order to.

656
01:25:51.370 --> 01:25:57.970
Jeffrey Ryan: test reproducibility six samples are run by weekly a total of four trials and that's what think you'd be demonstrates.

657
01:25:58.150 --> 01:26:05.590
Jeffrey Ryan: So in this box and whisker plot, you can see that the spread is not agree in terms of absorbing it's like it's not very wide it's it's pretty good.

658
01:26:05.950 --> 01:26:14.050
Jeffrey Ryan: And then, once calibrated for Beijing silica the uncertainty based on deviation was found to only be 123 percent biogenic silica.

659
01:26:14.380 --> 01:26:22.090
Jeffrey Ryan: So overall the method does stand as a 30 valley method, and even though the calibration is an extraordinarily tight.

660
01:26:22.600 --> 01:26:26.830
Jeffrey Ryan: We just sort of assume that that has to do with the fact that the.

661
01:26:27.370 --> 01:26:41.380
Jeffrey Ryan: HR we had fewer samples to include the calibration so we would expect that started to be smaller with a greater a greater volume of samples use for calibration so then moving on to the results of the bionic silica productivity trends.

662
01:26:43.270 --> 01:26:52.840
Jeffrey Ryan: There is a strong correlation between the car and for baking soda and by doing so, can use from Western study, as you can see the red the red.

663
01:26:53.500 --> 01:27:05.500
Jeffrey Ryan: dots on the figure are the actual Dr vijay silica and blue are the what chemistry method and they follow the same trajectory over the course of the Holocene there's like bit more variability in the Epstein arena.

664
01:27:06.550 --> 01:27:24.760
Jeffrey Ryan: But in general they follow the same trend of this strong spike in the early Holocene with sharply increasing productivity and then the value say fairly stable from about 10 to 6000 years ago and then start to rise gradually up until present in the late policy.

665
01:27:25.960 --> 01:27:28.930
Jeffrey Ryan: So then relating this to the climate reconstruction piece.

666
01:27:29.830 --> 01:27:39.640
Jeffrey Ryan: As you can see in this video the after biogenic silicon data reflects regional see service and installation trends which are the top two graphs in this figure.

667
01:27:40.330 --> 01:27:45.100
Jeffrey Ryan: In early healthy and and that's associated with that sharp rise in productivity in the early Holocene.

668
01:27:45.520 --> 01:27:56.620
Jeffrey Ryan: And this also sees consistent with sea surface temperature insulation through the MID Holocene where productivity stays high same with these other two parties.

669
01:27:57.070 --> 01:28:06.700
Jeffrey Ryan: But then, in the late Holocene as temperatures and installation drop Beijing so productivity increases, and this is with both methods of testing the same port.

670
01:28:06.970 --> 01:28:15.520
Jeffrey Ryan: So we can infer that these changes in the late policy and could potentially be due to the arrival of humans and the Cashman or that.

671
01:28:15.910 --> 01:28:32.410
Jeffrey Ryan: lake biogenic silica was not sensitive to this this temperature change in the late policy so Overall, we can conclude the SDR is a valid method of assessing biogenic silica changes and that human arrival may have effective climate in this area, thank you.

672
01:28:34.120 --> 01:28:41.380
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay, thank you, that was very good very interesting, so I can share here.

673
01:28:42.700 --> 01:28:43.360
and

674
01:28:46.600 --> 01:28:49.570
Jeffrey Ryan: message from tech support okay.

675
01:28:51.430 --> 01:28:53.140
Jeffrey Ryan: You have any questions for caitlin.

676
01:28:59.260 --> 01:29:01.900
Jeffrey Ryan: I have a really basic one is I don't.

677
01:29:02.020 --> 01:29:04.690
Jeffrey Ryan: never even think about the idea that there might be.

678
01:29:04.690 --> 01:29:09.580
Jeffrey Ryan: biogenic silica precipitation in a lake How does that happen what's doing that.

679
01:29:10.300 --> 01:29:16.030
Caitlin Walker: yeah, so there are diatoms that like you know basically tiny algae that exists.

680
01:29:16.540 --> 01:29:25.150
Caitlin Walker: In a lot of like settings that offer a really pure snapshot into what the budgeting silica content would be in the lake and there's generally pretty.

681
01:29:25.660 --> 01:29:40.750
Caitlin Walker: Limited terrestrial input a biogenic silica in the regions running a lake obviously so it's a bit more of a like it's a pretty pure marker of what the diatom abundances and then that directly relates to productivity so that's kind of where we get that from.

682
01:29:41.260 --> 01:29:45.610
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay, so it's actually so it's fresh water diatoms basically yes oh.

683
01:29:47.320 --> 01:29:52.330
Jeffrey Ryan: someone's asked the question, I think you mentioned, so we give it a West chemistry technique and we were wondering what that was.

684
01:29:52.990 --> 01:30:03.790
Caitlin Walker: yeah so that's kind of what we refer to the traditional method of studying biogenic silica as it's I think the full title is the wet chemistry and will update bluer induction method essentially it's.

685
01:30:04.540 --> 01:30:10.540
Caitlin Walker: it's centered on spectra photog imagery so where this is spectroscopy it's the difference between those.

686
01:30:11.470 --> 01:30:26.260
Caitlin Walker: Essentially it's a process of chemically extracting the silica silica from the sediment through a series of delusions and the solutions and the resulting silica is placed into a vial that.

687
01:30:27.400 --> 01:30:36.070
Caitlin Walker: When the silica bonds with you know the the mixture, it turns to a shade of blue based on how much Beijing silica is in is in that sample.

688
01:30:36.370 --> 01:30:47.560
Caitlin Walker: And then you place the the blue vial into the spectrum spectrum photometer and then based on the the either like deep blue color or light blue color you get the present by doing so good that way.

689
01:30:47.980 --> 01:31:00.190
Caitlin Walker: And that's the really traditional technique, and please refer to it as a wet chemistry technique, but it's very it takes a lot of time to do because there's multiple decisions that have to happen so that's why it's it's a very.

690
01:31:01.420 --> 01:31:08.620
Caitlin Walker: Very precise technique and it's it's really good but it's also really like prohibitive and long records and that sort of thing because it's not super efficient.

691
01:31:09.340 --> 01:31:18.790
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay, and so yeah no I i've had some experience with spectra photometer actually from my ocean drilling day by ocean drilling work because they have one on the ship.

692
01:31:19.270 --> 01:31:31.990
Jeffrey Ryan: And, and so, people will be going through elaborate chemistry, which are rolling see as little challenging to get to that vile and then do a color you know basically do a color metric analysis on it so.

693
01:31:33.610 --> 01:31:40.210
Jeffrey Ryan: So, so the idea with the FDR then is really to find it much more time and energy efficient way to do this.

694
01:31:41.320 --> 01:31:43.120
Caitlin Walker: yeah and it's nice to be able to.

695
01:31:43.150 --> 01:31:47.470
Caitlin Walker: test the dry sediment directly as opposed to having to go through those solutions.

696
01:31:47.830 --> 01:31:49.420
Jeffrey Ryan: yeah yeah so.

697
01:31:51.010 --> 01:31:51.460
Jeffrey Ryan: and

698
01:31:52.900 --> 01:32:00.940
Jeffrey Ryan: Do you think if you had more appropriate samples, you could improve the correlation or is it good enough for what do you what are you thinking on that.

699
01:32:01.210 --> 01:32:09.370
Caitlin Walker: We sort of we sort of like thought it was okay for this project is good for like for our lab to start with the method it was not a terrible correlation it wasn't.

700
01:32:09.640 --> 01:32:22.000
Caitlin Walker: Obviously the calibration could have been better, and we do think that that's because I I didn't have a super large range and biogenic silica value so they're all tested in this kind of like 15 to 20% biogenic silica range.

701
01:32:22.240 --> 01:32:22.960
Caitlin Walker: And if I.

702
01:32:23.050 --> 01:32:30.340
Caitlin Walker: were to select samples on a much wider spread of biogenic silica, we think that the calibration would have been a lot tighter okay.

703
01:32:30.940 --> 01:32:40.810
Jeffrey Ryan: And one more question the chat here they're wondering how new this technique is is it is where did this come from, is it how when when when was it developed.

704
01:32:41.650 --> 01:32:51.160
Caitlin Walker: So it's like I would say relatively new in the last I want to say that the one of the first big studies that i've like been using as my sort of methods.

705
01:32:52.570 --> 01:33:01.450
Caitlin Walker: The introduction I had to it, I want to say that study took place in 2011 so it's definitely been the last like 10 to 15 years but it's there's very limited prior work done.

706
01:33:02.020 --> 01:33:13.300
Caitlin Walker: On biogenic silica using FDR so we were hoping to kind of expand that and yeah so it's it's generally pretty new but there's definitely more room for improvement.

707
01:33:13.840 --> 01:33:16.930
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay okay very good, thank you very much.

708
01:33:17.620 --> 01:33:24.190
Caitlin Walker: Thank you, thank you for moderating and asking questions, by the way, it's been very interesting to hear you ask questions Okay, thank you.

709
01:33:24.580 --> 01:33:27.430
Jeffrey Ryan: Let me see So where are we now we are.

710
01:33:29.650 --> 01:33:32.740
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay, so now we got an interesting challenge here.

711
01:33:33.910 --> 01:33:37.150
Jeffrey Ryan: Is we have someone who I believe is here to present, but he doesn't have a.

712
01:33:37.150 --> 01:33:38.290
Jeffrey Ryan: presentation in here so i'm.

713
01:33:38.290 --> 01:33:40.480
Jeffrey Ryan: going to have to figure out a clever way to share a screen here.

714
01:33:41.950 --> 01:33:44.740
Jeffrey Ryan: So our next presentation.

715
01:33:45.760 --> 01:33:46.720
Jeffrey Ryan: Is.

716
01:33:48.700 --> 01:33:59.110
Jeffrey Ryan: By Isaac Pope cobbles boulders and gravel pedestals among mima Mounds at mima and rocky prairies puget Lola and implications from mount formation.

717
01:34:00.610 --> 01:34:08.980
Jeffrey Ryan: And Isaac Pope is here okay we're gonna try this and he's got his thing up my gosh you're good.

718
01:34:10.750 --> 01:34:11.380
Jeffrey Ryan: So we got.

719
01:34:12.520 --> 01:34:13.990
Jeffrey Ryan: We got it rolling here.

720
01:34:15.130 --> 01:34:17.800
Jeffrey Ryan: And so I will simply.

721
01:34:17.920 --> 01:34:18.850
Jeffrey Ryan: hand it over to you.

722
01:34:23.440 --> 01:34:28.000
Isaac Pope: Well, thank you, it is a pleasure to be here and thank you all for your attention today.

723
01:34:29.230 --> 01:34:46.480
Isaac Pope: i'm going to 17 year old undergraduate freshman here at in western Washington state, and it is my pleasure to talk with you about the mountains here in the puget lowland in the Seattle Olympia area and these mounts have really been Mounds and mystery for well over a century.

724
01:34:47.500 --> 01:34:57.400
Isaac Pope: me amounts here are don't like upsides of luckily thickened sandy loam dynamic Tonga overlays course better grapples and which compose a.

725
01:34:58.450 --> 01:35:03.010
Isaac Pope: Pro glacial terraces in the area and these mountains.

726
01:35:05.080 --> 01:35:06.130
Isaac Pope: Are.

727
01:35:07.630 --> 01:35:10.840
Isaac Pope: found in the thousands along these terraces.

728
01:35:12.280 --> 01:35:19.390
Isaac Pope: And the variety of these mounts as well as the Inter Mounds, which is essentially the inverse of the mountains what separates amount.

729
01:35:20.440 --> 01:35:26.350
Isaac Pope: The origin of this mounted topography, has led to a number of hypotheses.

730
01:35:27.460 --> 01:35:29.560
Isaac Pope: And some of the most popular ones.

731
01:35:30.580 --> 01:35:40.750
Isaac Pope: include the original work by day Harland brett's who's most well known for his research on the like muscle floods and missoula Washington.

732
01:35:41.320 --> 01:35:50.320
Isaac Pope: Washington through the Columbia river gorge but he originally started with puget lowland glaciation and he thought that partial melting of ice cover.

733
01:35:51.280 --> 01:36:02.920
Isaac Pope: On the terraces would allow for side of it to fill in those depressions other ideas include rodent borrowing that these Mounds which can be a two meters high and 10 meters broad.

734
01:36:05.200 --> 01:36:05.980
Isaac Pope: They say that.

735
01:36:07.090 --> 01:36:28.780
Isaac Pope: rodents burrowing through the soil, possibly because of a rising water underground water levels that they had to borrow laterally instead of downward so they created this mounted typography other ideas include an earthquake shaking the surface of an area could produce this mounting.

736
01:36:29.980 --> 01:36:35.950
Isaac Pope: Or that vegetation trapped sediments in a desert like environments.

737
01:36:38.350 --> 01:36:47.590
Isaac Pope: Besides the origin math themselves so more studies have been done on the origin of the die nicht on itself, and it appears that, based on the site content of these Mounds that's.

738
01:36:49.210 --> 01:36:55.210
Isaac Pope: The sound of that composes these mountains is correlative to the Max flood, which was late glacial flood from question like carbon.

739
01:36:56.650 --> 01:37:13.180
Isaac Pope: Most studies, though generally ignore the presence of cobbles and boulders at most of these prairies well we find our fellow stick with tonic rocks, ranging from 500 meters on the shortest access to up to 23 centimeters long.

740
01:37:15.070 --> 01:37:26.260
Isaac Pope: And the range between 2.5 to 10 kilograms although, as you can see, in Figure three they can get much larger and, in fact, some can be up to a meter or two in diameter.

741
01:37:27.610 --> 01:37:36.700
Isaac Pope: Some researchers have thought that these interim out cobbles and boulders really part of a payment that continues under the mounts.

742
01:37:38.410 --> 01:37:41.050
Isaac Pope: But what we find is that these couples and boulders are too.

743
01:37:41.050 --> 01:37:44.470
Isaac Pope: Large to be associated with the underlying grapples.

744
01:37:45.040 --> 01:37:46.690
Isaac Pope: And oftentimes these.

745
01:37:48.100 --> 01:37:58.990
Isaac Pope: The apologies are more closely related to that that it's out of bounds rather than that low and these map part of me these couples and borders rarely are found.

746
01:37:59.530 --> 01:38:11.530
Isaac Pope: In and enter amount said they're found along the rim just figure one be along the rim, or if we move on up there on the edges amount that's when it can be found on upper half amounts.

747
01:38:12.610 --> 01:38:21.820
Isaac Pope: And oftentimes they can form gravel pedestals where it's kinda like a gravel bar that underlies the mountains themselves and their own gauged in the same direction as amounts which is interesting.

748
01:38:23.350 --> 01:38:40.210
Isaac Pope: The presence of these couples and boulders therefore helps us constrain the range of conjecture amount formation, we see that these cobbles borders or two large i've been transported by wind and that's they refute the elian hypothesis or vegetation anchoring hypotheses.

749
01:38:41.410 --> 01:38:55.060
Isaac Pope: But they also offer a challenge to the rotor early hypothesis, because these couples motors are just too large for rodents here, it suggests that rodin's could only transport called a couple's up to five seven meters in diameter.

750
01:38:56.500 --> 01:39:04.780
Isaac Pope: Instead, one has to assume that the class would have to be evenly distributed, but singly and clusters that lady be undermined by rodents burling.

751
01:39:05.710 --> 01:39:23.500
Isaac Pope: Or that the class we're near mounts and they're just pushed away, but once again they're too large and the spatial a relation to the mountains shows that there's something more work than rodents changing the topography.

752
01:39:25.510 --> 01:39:28.960
Isaac Pope: Instead, we see that the.

753
01:39:30.820 --> 01:39:41.080
Isaac Pope: origin of and placement of these cabela's and borders is more easily explainable by the 10 racks flood and the brief associated with that which would have formed the dynamic don most likely.

754
01:39:42.100 --> 01:39:53.980
Isaac Pope: And the unusual spatial relationship to the mountains therefore suggests that the tax flood is somehow connected to the origin me amounts, but how that is it's not yet known.

755
01:39:54.460 --> 01:40:08.320
Isaac Pope: So further work well, hopefully, better determine the relationship of these couples to the class within the mountains, with a logically speaking and fabric analysis to see if there's anything any clues associated with the particular set of entering.

756
01:40:11.440 --> 01:40:12.880
Isaac Pope: Thank you for coming.

757
01:40:16.870 --> 01:40:22.540
Jeffrey Ryan: Alright, thank you very much um any questions for Isaac.

758
01:40:31.540 --> 01:40:39.670
Jeffrey Ryan: i've got a question in the chat says there are vast fields of mountains in Arkansas is there any relationship that you're aware of.

759
01:40:43.600 --> 01:40:49.750
Isaac Pope: That is a very interesting question actually just today was posted a.

760
01:40:50.590 --> 01:40:59.410
Isaac Pope: kind of a pre prints of an article that will be published soon and GSA today in which I talked about a number of different downfield.

761
01:40:59.830 --> 01:41:15.460
Isaac Pope: And how different researchers, based on their location and specialty look at different mounts in different ways, and I know that an Arkansas major idea is that those mounts are formed by vegetation anchoring during a drought in the early hosting I believe.

762
01:41:17.050 --> 01:41:23.950
Isaac Pope: That was expounded upon by see for all of 2009 i'd have to look at more those details the question, though, is.

763
01:41:25.030 --> 01:41:39.490
Isaac Pope: Is there really a causal relationship i'm the couple of borders, I mentioned here at you know prairie from what I can see from reports in Arkansas you don't see that same type of thing and that's been the major mystery for over a century is.

764
01:41:40.540 --> 01:41:56.440
Isaac Pope: Are the mountains, I mean a prairie really related to in some origin way causal way to other mound fields that we find across United States and even other continents, and that is still a mystery that needs to be addressed through further research.

765
01:41:57.040 --> 01:41:57.460
Okay.

766
01:41:58.810 --> 01:42:15.130
Jeffrey Ryan: um I, I have a question for you, just a quick one you you're you're talking about the cobbles these are basically trump's a rock and and so are there is there some consistency to them, are they really quite varied in terms of what kinds of rocks they are.

767
01:42:16.810 --> 01:42:31.270
Jeffrey Ryan: One reason i'm asking obviously is if they're if they're moved by a flood then presumably they were they you if it's a glacier applied, it could come from almost anywhere but if it's if it's a more local event, then you would have expected to be working from local sources.

768
01:42:32.560 --> 01:42:47.770
Isaac Pope: Yes, and that's The interesting thing about the couples and boulders is that there is some variety so they're not necessarily from one single location, but they're remarkably consistent and that they're generally very hard.

769
01:42:48.850 --> 01:42:50.170
Isaac Pope: tonic Celtic rocks.

770
01:42:50.650 --> 01:42:59.440
Isaac Pope: hmm, and so the variety of the couples and folders is much more limited than the variety of the class in the amount, I met on as a whole.

771
01:43:00.490 --> 01:43:06.670
Isaac Pope: So something that i've been wondering, is that, as a tax flood using this hypothesis as a working idea.

772
01:43:08.650 --> 01:43:21.790
Isaac Pope: That would have picked up glacial out wash and other sentence, besides what it had during its initial when it left a glacier like carbon so would have had this variety of rocks in it, but there's.

773
01:43:23.260 --> 01:43:31.900
Isaac Pope: One idea is that landslides falling into the town REX flood created the main phase that's been the source of a lot of discussion.

774
01:43:32.440 --> 01:43:44.800
Isaac Pope: The free flow face so i'm wondering if some of these larger rocks are just some of those that are in certain locations and they're just harder so they're less varied but they're just happened to be larger once they get to me a prairie okay.

775
01:43:45.520 --> 01:43:50.050
Jeffrey Ryan: All right, thank you very much, we have to move on to the next presentation very nice.

776
01:43:51.190 --> 01:43:52.840
Jeffrey Ryan: Okay, we should.

777
01:43:53.410 --> 01:43:56.230
Jeffrey Ryan: Next presentation is.

778
01:43:58.960 --> 01:44:02.470
Jeffrey Ryan: by Christopher lipscomb and Suresh.

779
01:44:05.290 --> 01:44:17.740
Jeffrey Ryan: With Krishna on exploration of remotely sense lineaments as a viable tool and assessing evolution of the blue Ridge escarpment and Christopher lipscomb will be the presenter i'm going to get set up here.

780
01:44:19.870 --> 01:44:23.590
Jeffrey Ryan: and share the screen.

781
01:44:29.800 --> 01:44:30.850
Jeffrey Ryan: and

782
01:44:33.520 --> 01:44:42.850
Jeffrey Ryan: Good afternoon, everybody, my name is Berkeley still missing the earth and environmental science major at from university and i've had the pleasure of working with the past couple months with Dr stretched really thin Krishna on.

783
01:44:43.150 --> 01:44:48.190
Jeffrey Ryan: All of the exploration motivation some events as a viable tool and assessing evolution of the bridges carbon.

784
01:44:49.030 --> 01:44:58.210
Jeffrey Ryan: The British Government is a super unique feature here in the southeast it's about a 500 kilometers strengths of Steve took the graphical way of separating the people on the blue Ridge regions in the south.

785
01:44:58.570 --> 01:45:11.980
Jeffrey Ryan: It runs around northeast Georgia to Southwest Virginia and and looking at the otter fee erosion stream piracy both have been extensively covered meanwhile impact mass wasting in material nibble off of the server faces and lesser study.

786
01:45:12.730 --> 01:45:16.720
Jeffrey Ryan: We found that movements, would be a unique opportunity to add into this discussion.

787
01:45:17.290 --> 01:45:30.970
Jeffrey Ryan: Normally lineaments are extracted by hand this is time consuming arduous process so additionally wanted to look at the possibility potential for automatically extraction and its efficiency interpret graphic evaluation.

788
01:45:31.570 --> 01:45:43.030
Jeffrey Ryan: As you can see, on this graph we chose to scale some areas a larger regional scale study area, looking at the entirety of burgess Carmen and the surrounding areas and the.

789
01:45:43.510 --> 01:45:55.630
Jeffrey Ryan: Learning and characteristics of that region, and then we zoomed in as far more local scale to look at trends like proximity and density between mass racing events, and when you.

790
01:45:56.830 --> 01:46:00.700
Jeffrey Ryan: Are our methodology was adapted and inspired by a deal at all, where.

791
01:46:01.360 --> 01:46:11.560
Jeffrey Ryan: We took multiple digital innovation models, we heal shape them at eight at different as of angles, in order to get a more holistic view of the typography.

792
01:46:11.800 --> 01:46:18.730
Jeffrey Ryan: We then waited each of these hill shapes equally and overlay them producing a digital innovation model that has been passed through a.

793
01:46:18.970 --> 01:46:31.540
Jeffrey Ryan: couple folks at the edge to answer them following that edge edge and handset and the result was that imported into software on pci genomatica bath where we granted limited extraction algorithm using parameters, we found best fit.

794
01:46:31.960 --> 01:46:42.220
Jeffrey Ryan: And this producing units in shape file format that we give them put back in our class pro to look at things like location of life orientation density and proximity to match racing with it's.

795
01:46:43.000 --> 01:46:54.130
Jeffrey Ryan: Our results returned over 240,000 units within the length of 783 meters and maximum density 14.7 million per kilometer squared, especially if they're in the northeast around the yet and river.

796
01:46:54.730 --> 01:47:00.460
Jeffrey Ryan: Over 40,000 units alive between those two as math angles, showing a very strong.

797
01:47:01.270 --> 01:47:14.170
Jeffrey Ryan: north east, south west trend in the structural features, this is very common and shows up in the research about structural features throughout appalachians so we feel confident that often it's to fit within that bottle.

798
01:47:14.830 --> 01:47:28.360
Jeffrey Ryan: Looking at smaller area, the day we could acquire a 567 last race events and looking at this graph there since the little to no correlation between the areas of higher density dark red and.

799
01:47:29.230 --> 01:47:36.460
Jeffrey Ryan: Mass wasting with location additionally before and proximity analysis only 12% of landslides in this smaller city area.

800
01:47:36.760 --> 01:47:49.660
Jeffrey Ryan: were found to intersect within 50 meters of a mass wasting have been 15 years being what's considered to be a statistically significant area by literature overall only an average distance of about 200 meters to my slides and.

801
01:47:51.580 --> 01:48:06.010
Jeffrey Ryan: This was not quite the result we're expecting but one possible reason for this being that areas of high intensity could have already experienced match racing and awareness events and D simply just uncovered the underlying structural geology.

802
01:48:06.580 --> 01:48:12.070
Jeffrey Ryan: Our proximity analysis also dissolved suggested let's play a role in the occurrence of slides.

803
01:48:12.700 --> 01:48:16.720
Jeffrey Ryan: In reviewing the literature than many other factors such as a city materials and the rocks.

804
01:48:17.140 --> 01:48:24.880
Jeffrey Ryan: And the extent of weathering that could be there any larger influences on mass wasting rather than structural features do there's friction from.

805
01:48:25.450 --> 01:48:34.330
Jeffrey Ryan: 19 when we were unable to conduct field verification I highly recommend that any future experiments using automatically name extraction do conduct field verification.

806
01:48:34.630 --> 01:48:42.310
Jeffrey Ryan: This wild times, some of those other evolutionary process, as well as provide some more confidence on the potentials high faluting use in.

807
01:48:43.270 --> 01:48:51.010
Jeffrey Ryan: evolutionary processes and demographic evolution as as an additional thousand potential for use and hydrological evaluation, with the added.

808
01:48:51.910 --> 01:49:00.820
Jeffrey Ryan: features such as Nick points and other stream control features limits do show high potential for future use and GMO finance so.

809
01:49:01.690 --> 01:49:04.690
Jeffrey Ryan: This was the literature reference during this presentation.

810
01:49:05.110 --> 01:49:17.200
Jeffrey Ryan: And i'd like to thank for universities office undergraduate research for their funding you're out this process on the addition of like Dr phil rants information and recruiting in cgs for their help in troubleshooting and.

811
01:49:17.860 --> 01:49:25.390
Jeffrey Ryan: The fighting of data, I would also like to thank Dr phil prints for his conversations about the topic and make you all through that.

812
01:49:27.370 --> 01:49:29.170
Okay, very nice.

813
01:49:30.520 --> 01:49:31.720
Thank you very much.

814
01:49:32.800 --> 01:49:34.690
Jeffrey Ryan: Do we have any questions for Burke.

815
01:49:43.720 --> 01:49:49.030
Corey Scheip: yeah i've got a question, this is corey shy from the north Carolina geological survey so.

816
01:49:49.360 --> 01:49:54.190
Corey Scheip: It looks like Bergen this is super cool This is something that we think about a lot of these connections between lineaments.

817
01:49:54.550 --> 01:50:03.280
Corey Scheip: Did you consider kind of the scale i'm a little bit on familiar with your detection methods for the actual lineaments themselves but did you consider the scale, such as the.

818
01:50:03.730 --> 01:50:13.900
Corey Scheip: You know, instead of a smaller scale lineaments but instead things like the hickory not gorge itself as a feature or the packet river valley as a feature these types of things.

819
01:50:14.440 --> 01:50:15.670
Burke Lipscomb: No, we didn't.

820
01:50:16.870 --> 01:50:33.130
Burke Lipscomb: Just in the scope of our study kind of with the way the elevation data was package from usgs we kind of had to do it holistically on that large regional scale, as discussed but future work could kind of zoom in and look at some of those smaller smaller features, more specifically.

821
01:50:34.630 --> 01:50:34.930
Corey Scheip: asked.

822
01:50:40.000 --> 01:50:40.300
I.

823
01:50:41.590 --> 01:50:43.780
Jeffrey Ryan: I guess I got sort of a.

824
01:50:45.160 --> 01:50:50.860
Jeffrey Ryan: Trying to think about the local geology up there it's a it's sort of my old stomping grounds as a Western Carolina Grad.

825
01:50:52.090 --> 01:51:05.710
Jeffrey Ryan: The the rocks in that particularly as carbon air you've got it sort of bounces back and forth between granites pretty obvious granites and and then a really, really distinctive foliage and mica schist and.

826
01:51:06.430 --> 01:51:15.040
Jeffrey Ryan: intuitively I would imagine that the mica schist would produce better lineaments broad brush just because of what it is and the fact that it has a strong.

827
01:51:15.310 --> 01:51:28.630
Jeffrey Ryan: preferred orientation my cases minerals that are going to be weaker and so, if you're looking at them in terms of sort of macro scale erosion or weathering that those would show up and highlight well, but the granites might do something entirely different.

828
01:51:29.920 --> 01:51:41.710
Jeffrey Ryan: Because they're going to be way more massive so I don't know, did you see any sort of do you think any of the density variations you're seeing might have something to do with that or Have you looked at that sort of broad brush correlation yet.

829
01:51:42.130 --> 01:51:46.960
Burke Lipscomb: yeah so the the underlying geology was something that I think.

830
01:51:47.560 --> 01:52:01.540
Burke Lipscomb: could have been could have used some more time with the experiment could spend some more time, focusing on this specific geology, I think, personally I got kind of hung up on the the GIs aspect of it and so didn't take that deeper dive in that route, but in terms of.

831
01:52:02.770 --> 01:52:07.450
Burke Lipscomb: kind of some of our geological analysis, a lot of what we found was just.

832
01:52:09.220 --> 01:52:15.580
Burke Lipscomb: Just a whole lot of fike coronary deposits just right below where lineaments happened and.

833
01:52:16.660 --> 01:52:22.420
Burke Lipscomb: No real kind of indication of what what some of the stronger parent rock was so okay.

834
01:52:23.170 --> 01:52:33.280
Jeffrey Ryan: Is it's yeah I just I just wonder if it makes me wonder looking at that because we you've got some really market changes in sort of rock type that you run along.

835
01:52:33.520 --> 01:52:40.030
Jeffrey Ryan: yeah, which is also what makes the escarpment interesting right you've got this gigantic you know this gigantic drop.

836
01:52:40.270 --> 01:52:41.110
Burke Lipscomb: out of nowhere yeah.

837
01:52:41.350 --> 01:52:43.180
Jeffrey Ryan: pretty much abrupt as all get out and.

838
01:52:43.480 --> 01:52:57.820
Jeffrey Ryan: And you know, the most recent data suggests that it's most recent stuff i've seen at least suggest that it's really too high and other words that there's there's more uplift their thing can be accounted for just by sort of isostatic rebound so you gotta gotta call on something else.

839
01:52:58.900 --> 01:53:10.870
Jeffrey Ryan: And you know and the rocks themselves are such weird are such a weird amalgam but if these things are you know there for all intensive purposes and accretionary sequence of some kind, I think, with grants intruded it so.

840
01:53:12.970 --> 01:53:20.380
Jeffrey Ryan: It you know it just seems like it would get a whole lot of variety in terms of how these things was set up as lineaments but who knows it's I get the MRI.

841
01:53:21.760 --> 01:53:33.880
Jeffrey Ryan: cool study Thank you yeah we think there's one presentation left but I don't know if we have a presenter so let me kick back here i'm.

842
01:53:34.960 --> 01:53:35.740
Jeffrey Ryan: Is.

843
01:53:37.960 --> 01:53:45.040
Jeffrey Ryan: samantha's as well Lena with us, I got a look and see is she here.

844
01:53:46.330 --> 01:53:48.730
Jeffrey Ryan: I don't see here um.

845
01:53:51.370 --> 01:53:52.210
Jeffrey Ryan: and

846
01:53:54.670 --> 01:54:11.350
Jeffrey Ryan: Leslie souter isn't here either they should not let my list here and so i'm thinking that we actually don't have a final presentation, the one that's listed here comparison of scorpio morphology of the blake plateau.

847
01:54:12.430 --> 01:54:13.150
Jeffrey Ryan: um.

848
01:54:14.350 --> 01:54:19.540
Jeffrey Ryan: I don't have a poster to put up so i'm guessing that we may be done.

849
01:54:21.460 --> 01:54:22.120
Jeffrey Ryan: So.

850
01:54:23.260 --> 01:54:27.100
Jeffrey Ryan: Any questions for any of the other presenters who are still with us here.

851
01:54:35.290 --> 01:54:35.950
Jeffrey Ryan: If not.

852
01:54:37.180 --> 01:54:42.910
Jeffrey Ryan: This was a lot of fun, this is really cool things y'all are doing thanks so much for presenting and and.

853
01:54:44.020 --> 01:54:44.740
Jeffrey Ryan: For.

854
01:54:46.420 --> 01:54:51.820
Jeffrey Ryan: For sharing your research with us, and I look forward to seeing what y'all do in the future.

855
01:54:53.560 --> 01:54:58.960
Jeffrey Ryan: I think we're actually all finished, so we can head on, out of here.

856
01:55:03.940 --> 01:55:01.000
Jeffrey Ryan: See y'all later.