PALEOMAGNETIC AND ROCK MAGNETIC METHODS AS TOOLS FOR VOLCANOLOGY, WITH RECENT EXAMPLES FROM AROUND THE WORLD

Paleomagnetic and rock magnetic methods for studying volcanoes and their products have been developed since the second half of the 20th century. These methods have been used to find tephra in sediment cores, date volcanic eruptions and deposits, determine emplacement temperatures of volcanic deposits, and estimate flow directions of dikes, lava flows, and pyroclastic flow deposits. In the 21st century, these techniques have steadily improved and expanded, resulting in more probing and precise studies of volcanoes using paleomagnetism. Continual improvement of existing techniques and the increased awareness and interest in paleomagnetic methods will allow more studies to enhance the understanding of volcanic processes. Here, we will review the current state of the art in paleomagnetic and rock magnetic methods for studying volcanoes, discuss the potential future developments and show some recent examples from Ecuador, Iceland and around the world.