Joint 56th Annual North-Central/ 71st Annual Southeastern Section Meeting - 2022

Paper No. 15-7
Presentation Time: 3:20 PM

PETROLOGIC AND GEOCHEMICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE ORIGIN OF LAMPROPHYRES AND CARBONATITES IN THE MIDWEST PERMIAN ULTRAMAFIC DISTRICT AND THEIR RARE EARTH ELEMENT ECONOMIC POTENTIAL


TRELA, Jarek1, FREIBURG, Jared2, YU, Mingyue2, GAZEL, Esteban3, LUNDSTROM, Craig4, NUELLE, Laurence M.5, MARIA, Anton6, RAKOVAN, John7 and MURCHLAND, Madeline7, (1)Illinois State Geological Survey, Prairie Research Institute, 1740 Innovation Drive, Box 45/Room 216, Carbondale, IL 62903, (2)Illinois State Geological Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 615 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820, (3)Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, (4)Department of Geology, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, 3026 Natural History Bldg, 1301 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, (5)Hicks Dome LLC, Golconda, IL 62938, (6)Geology and Physics Department, University of Southern Indiana, 8600 University Boulevard, Science Center 2219, Evansville, IN 47712, (7)Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, 250 S. Patterson Ave., Oxford, OH 45056

The Midwest Permian Ultramafic District (MPUD) of Illinois and Kentucky hosts igneous rocks with elevated rare earth element (REE) concentrations. While these rocks show geochemical similarity to lamprophyres (alnöites) and carbonatites, their petrogenesis remains enigmatic. Here, we present new geochemical and petrologic data from drill core samples from the Hicks Dome REE prospect and the Suttner and Soward diatremes in Illinois. All MPUD samples show a strong (r2=0.7) negative linear correlation between CaO and SiO2. However, several samples from the Soward diatreme trend towards high CaO (>30 wt.%) and low SiO2 (<10 wt.%) similar to classic carbonatites. This correlation is also observed in multiple petrologic melting experiments of carbonated garnet-peridotite. Recent parameterization of these experimental data can help estimate primary CO2 contents of carbonated melts. Using this approach, we estimate that MPUD melts contained up to 40 wt.% CO2 for the most calcic Hicks Dome and Soward samples, comparable to carbonatites from Bear Lodge, WY and Songwe Hill, Malawi. Our results indicate Suttner diatreme primary melts contained approximately 15 wt.% CO2. Petrologic modeling using major element abundances shows that Hicks Dome and Soward melts equilibrated at pressures and temperatures close to 2.5 GPa and 1150 °C, while Suttner melts equilibrated at 5 GPa and 1550 °C. Therefore, we suggest that MPUD melts derived from carbonated peridotite sources at variable depths in the upper mantle. Chondrite-normalized spider diagrams reveal that MPUD rocks show strong similarity to classic Aillik Bay (Labrador) carbonatites but are not as enriched in REE as Mountain Pass (California) and Bear Lodge carbonatites. Trace element patterns of Hicks Dome diatreme breccias show elevated heavy REE (HREE) concentrations with respect to light REE (LREE). We hypothesize that late-stage hydrothermal oxidizing fluids released HREE from early crystallizing phases. These fluids transported and reprecipitated the HREE as Ca-REE fluorocarbonates along brecciated pathways. Late-stage hydrothermal processes have been invoked to explain HREE/LREE enrichment Bear Lodge and Songwe Hill carbonatites. Although continued exploration and research is needed, MPUD related rocks show potential as global REE prospects.