TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF CO2 INJECTION HAZARDS FOR OKLAHOMA ON A COMMERCIAL SCALE

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) operations in Oklahoma are imminent, necessitating substantial infrastructure for capturing and storing point-source CO₂ emissions. Key risks encompass porosity, permeability, proximity to faults, seal integrity, legacy wells, dry holes, and underground sources of drinking water (USDW). Injection pay zones average about 20 feet, with a majority of reservoirs being underpressured. Numerical modeling assesses low, manageable, and unmanageable risk scenarios for CO₂-enhanced oil recovery. Injectivity history in Oklahoma aligns with underpressured wells, maintaining pressures below rock fracture levels. The feasibility assessment considers low to manageable risk counties based on reservoir pressure, recovery efficiency, and residual CO₂ trapping. Supercritical CO₂ conditions are at 89°F and 1,074 psi across various reservoir intervals. Findings suggest that, over 360 days of continuous injection, Kingfisher and Woodward counties present the lowest injection risk with normal reservoir pressures. Counties with manageable risk, fault zones, and both normal and underpressured reservoirs, include Canadian, Carter, Dewey, Grady, Kay, McClain, Oklahoma, and Pontotoc counties. These counties host formations such as the Arbuckle Group, Simpson Group, Viola Limestone, Hunton Group, Misener Sands, Pennsylvanian and Mississippian systems with oil possessing API gravity between 28° and 42° that offer potential for commercialized miscible CO₂-enhanced recovery without compromising storage reservoirs. Results derive from calculating reservoir pressure buildup during injection. Injector distribution planning in fault-prone areas is needed to optimize flood efficiency and minimize risk. The statewide risk assessment primarily focuses on daily injection within various petroleum systems. Viable industrial injection sites, excluding Dewey and Woodward counties, are identified containing regional oblique-slip faults influencing transpressional and transtensional regimes that are most abundant in lower Paleozoic sections, but tend to terminate blindly in shallower stratigraphy. Compared with county-based population density, there are elevated public risk levels within Canadian, Carter, Grady, Kay, McClain, Oklahoma, and Pontotoc counties.