VISUALIZING MICHIGAN GEOLOGY USING 3D MODELS AND PRINTING

Visualizing, sharing, and communicating 3D geological concepts is challenging, especially when engaging a variety of stakeholders. The expanding world of 3D modeling, visualization, and printing has opened up unlimited possibilities to improve how we communicate and conceptualize geoscience data. However, it can be challenging to synchronize GIS software with 3D printing software to create educational and outreach materials. To address this challenge, we developed a workflow to create 3D models in ArcGIS Pro which can then be 3D printed using Blender.

A simplified 3D geological model was created for Michigan consisting of 10 layers representing key geologic intervals from the surface to the Precambrian. This data is a subset of a more detailed 3D model consisting of 60 layers of Paleozoic formations and marker beds. A bedrock elevation surface was used to intersect the individual formation structure elevation surfaces to represent subcrops/outcrops. Additionally, an extensive data hygiene effort was done to ensure high-quality formation tops and well elevation data.

3D multipatch layers were created for each interval where the top of each layer and bottom were converted from a raster to a TIN. The Extrude Between tool was used to create the 3D multipatch layer which were then exported as .obj files. Blender software was used to convert the .obj files to printable .stl files.

The scale of the geologic layers was adjusted to fit the maximum print size for the Bambu Labs X1 Carbon 3D printer. Each layer was scaled down to .05% of the original size. The thickness of each layer was increased from .05% to .18% so the layers had adequate thickness to print. Each layer was printed vertically to reduce print time and amount of material needed.

The stackable 3D printed layers snap together giving a broad yet visually stunning, tactile and easy to understand geologic model. Stakeholders from students, educators, policy makers, legislators, general public to experienced geologists can hold the physical 3D model, rotate it, take apart and restack the layers revealing the varying geology in Michigan. The model layers can be clipped to a smaller area to allow for creation of a local block model. Additionally, the same data can be used for detailed 3D analysis along with other surficial or subsurface data, in a 3D web app, or as an animation.