PALEOCLIMATE AND GLOBAL CHANGE: A STUDY OF INDIAN MONSOON IN UNDERSTANDING CLIMATE CHANGE DYNAMICS AND MAJOR DIMENSIONS

The study of climate variations and related oceanic phenomena in the Asia-Pacific sector including the Indian, polar and subpolar Oceans is of immense importance to contribute toward establishing advanced prediction schemes. Numerical simulations using ocean and atmosphere models of various degrees of freedom as well as data analyses are particularly emphasized its significance in order to understand the basic processes generating those climate variations. The paleoclimate record makes it clear that abrupt climate shifts known to have occurred in the 20th century are only a subset of possible surprise climate system behaviors that have occurred in the more distant past and might be expected to occur in the future. The present study attempts to summarize the state-of-the-art and guide efforts to focus the climate predictability in relation to Indian Monsoon as a result of abrupt climate change dynamics. The present study concentrates in analyzing the irregularities of the Indian monsoon that govern food production for billions of people, often in countries where the poorly developed infrastructure and lack of agricultural and financial reserves exacerbate the vulnerability to climate variability. The study with the help of paleoclimate data attempts to understand the climate change dynamics with reference to temperature precipitation and pressure variation and seasonal changes of the onset and late arrival of the in different time periods of the Indian monsoon and its variability in relation to ENSO events. An emphasis is also made to understand the climate change dynamics as a result of monsoon irregularities caused due to monsoon circulation, the imbalance in the rate and magnitude of seasonal heating and cooling over the land and ocean. The studies have also revealed that ENSO variations are linked to monsoon strength and also an prediction is made that ENSO warm phases which act as the connective system that usually determines the relationship between the monsoon convective base and Southern oscillation. The present with the help of the paleoclimate data and also with the help of case studies attempt to establish the findings related to climate change dynamics of Indian Monsoon. The study thus highlighted that the strength of the Monsoon in many regions were linked to ENSO variations.