DEFORMATION HISTORY AND FAULT REACTIVATION IN SOUTHERN MEXICO IN LIGHT OF CALCITE CEMENTS DATING AND SYSTEMATIC FRACTURE ANALYSIS
We focused our study on middle Permian limestone layers (Paso Hondo Fm.), which were deposited on an isoclinal platform in southernmost Mexico, and later deformed by shortening in the latest Permian to the Early Triassic during the consolidation of Pangea, forming NW-SE oriented folds, to which extensional faults (NW-SE and NE-SW oriented) were superimposed in the Early Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, and then NW-SE oriented faults overlaid.
Our results suggest that the values of box-dimension (2.3-2.8), correlation dimension (2.4-2.6), and mass-dimension (2.5-3) are related to fracture clusters. The analysis of fracture size distribution shows that the small fractures (fracture length between 0.2 to 5 centimeters) dominate the mesoscopic scale compared with the large fractures (fracture length between 6 to 20 centimeters). The fracture connectivity is dominated by the I and X node types, and has values below the critical threshold connectivity suggested in other works (C=2). The fracture intensity has a positive relationship with the box dimension, correlation dimension, and fracture connectivity. On the other hand, the mass-dimension decreases with an increase in the fracture intensity, suggesting that the fracture intensity controls the degree of clustering. Finally, our results show that fracture reactivation is an important mechanism because it decreases connectivity despite multiple overlapping fracture events and promotes the formation of fracture clusters.