USING GIS TO UNDERSTAND THE FACTORS AND IMPACT OF CYCLONES ACROSS THE COASTAL ZONE OF BANGLADESH

The Bay of Bengal generates a significant number of tropical cyclones. Bangladesh experiences maximum cyclones due to the wind pattern and water flow system. It is noticed that Bangladesh is hit by a severe cyclone (category-5) at least once in every ten years with an average wind speed of 220 kph. Using NOAA high-resolution satellite images this study attempted to understand the factors affecting a cyclone using a GIS mapping system. Air temperature above 27 degrees Celsius over the sea surface is favorable for cyclone formation. Over the Bay of Bengal, the sea surface temperature has increased by 1.2 ^oC over the last 40 years, influencing frequent cyclone formation and occurrence. The coastal zones along the Chittagong- Cox’s Bazar and the Barishal-Patuakhali coastal belt are highly vulnerable compared to the other coastal parts of Bangladesh. About 35 million people are living in the area exposed to tropical cyclones. Most Cyclones are associated with storm surges and heavy rainfall. The analysis of behavior, track along with damage due to severe cyclones shows that the whole coastal zone is at risk at different times of the year. Though it’s not possible to completely resolve the problems caused by a cyclone, it is doable to properly manage and address the impact. Thus, the management system of a disaster-prone area needs to be properly developed and implemented based on past-and recent extreme weather-related events.

Keywords: Cyclone, Trend, Risk Assessment, GIS, Disaster